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如何翻译中文称谓

如何翻译中文称谓
如何翻译中文称谓

称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔,体现了一个人的资历和地位。称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重,而且也会产生种种不良的后果。称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达是否有一个正确的理解,尤其是对称谓语的认识。一种称谓语很可能表示多种身份,例如,英语的头衔语president,译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、的总裁或董事长等等。

一般说来,各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词head,但从比较严格的意义上看,应使用特定的、规范的称谓语。例如:

校长(大学)PresidentofBeijingUniversity

校长(中小学)Principal/HeadmasterofDonghaiMiddleSchool

院长(大学下属)DeanoftheGraduateSchool

系主任(大学学院下属)Chair/ChairmanoftheEnglishDepartment

会长/主席(学/协会)PresidentoftheStudentUnion,ShanghaiUniversity

厂长(企业)DirectoroftheMachineToolsManufacturingPlant

院长()PresidentofHuadongHospital

主任(中心)DirectoroftheBusinessCenter

主任(行政)DirectorofForeignAffairsOffice

董事长(企业)President/ChairmanoftheBoardofDirectors

董事长(学校)President/ChairmanoftheBoardofTrustees

首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有chiefgeneral,head,managing这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯:

generalsecretary

总工程师chiefengineer

总会计师chiefaountant

总建筑师chiefarchitect

总编辑chiefeditor;editor-in-chief;managingeditor

总出纳chiefcashier;generalcashier

总裁判chiefreferee

总经理generalmanager;managingdirector;executivehead

总代理generalagent

总教练headcoach

总导演headdirector

总干事secretary-general;missioner

总指挥mander-in-chief;generalissimo

总领事consul-general

总监chiefinspector;inspector-general;chiefimpresario

总厨headcook;chef

有些部门或机构的首长或主管的英译,可以用一些通用的头衔词表示,例如下列机构的负责人可以用director,head或chief来表示:

司(部属)department

厅(省属)department

署(省属)office(行署为administrativeoffice)

局bureau

所institute

处division

科section

股section

室office

教研室program/section

例:

局长directorofthebureau;headofthebureau;bureauchief。

国务院theStateCouncil属下的部为ministry,所以部长叫作minister。

另外,公署专员叫作missioner,其办事机构叫作“专员公署”,英语为prefecturalmissioner&39;soffice。

汉语中表示副职的头衔一般都冠以“副”字,英译时需视词语的固定搭配或表达习惯等情况,可选择vice,associate,assistant,deputy等词。相对而言,vice使用面较广,例如:

副总统(或大学副校长等)vicepresident

副主席(或系副主任等)vicechairman

副总理vicepremier

副部长viceminister

副省长viceernor

副市长vicemayor

副领事viceconsul

副校长(中小学)viceprincipal

行政职务的副职头衔与学术头衔的“副”职称往往用不同的词表达,最为常用的英语词是associate,例如:

副教授associateprofessor

副研究员associateresearchfellow

副主编associatemanagingeditor

副编审associatesenioreditor

副审判长associatejudge

副研究馆员associateresearchfellowof...(e.g.libraryscience)

副译审associateseniortranslator

副主任医师associateseniordoctor

当然,有些英语职位头衔,如manager和headmaster,其副职头衔可冠以assistant,例如:副总经理assistant/deputygeneralmanager;assistant/deputymanagingdirector

大堂副理(宾馆)assistantmanager

副校长(中小学)assistantheadmaster

以director表示的职位的副职常以deputydirector表示。此外,secretary,mayor,dean等头衔的副职也可冠以deputy,例如:

副秘书长deputysecretary-general

耐书记deputysecretary

副市长deputymayor

副院长deputydean

学术头衔系列除了含“正”“副”级别的高级职称和中级职称外,还有初级职称如“助理”,“助理”常用assistant来表示,例如:

助理教授assistantprofessor

助理研究员assistantresearchfellow

助理工程师assistantengineer

助理编辑assistanteditor

助理馆员assistantresearchfellowof...(e.g.libraryscience)

助理教练assistantcoach

助理农艺师assistantagronomist

还有一些行业的职称头衔,其高级职称不用“正”或“副”表示,而直接用“高级”或“资深”来表示,我们可以用senior来称呼,例如:

高级编辑senioreditor

高级工程师seniorengineer

高级记者seniorreporter

高级讲师seniorlecturer

高级教师seniorteacher

高级农艺师senioragronomist

有一些行业的职称或职务系列中,最高级别的职位冠以“首席”一词,英语常用chief来表示:

首席执行官chiefexecutiveofficer(CEO)

首席法官chiefjudge

首席顾问chiefadvisor

首席检察官chiefinspector/prosecutor

首席仲裁员chiefarbitrator

首席监事chiefsupervisor

首席播音员chiefannouncer/broadcaster

首席代表chiefrepresentative

首席记者chiefcorrespondent

除了用“总”、“高级”、“首席”等词语来表示一些机构或行业的最高级职务之外,还有一些高级职务则使用带“长”字的头衔,例如:

检察长procurator-general

审判忙presidingjudge;chiefjudge;chiefofjudges

护士长headnurse

秘书长secretary-general

参谋长chiefofstaff

厨师长headcook,chef

有些头衔会含诸如“代理”、“常务”、“执行”、“名誉”这类称谓语,例如:

代理市长,代理总理,代理主任

常务理事,常务副校长

执行主席,执行主任,执行秘书

名誉校长,名誉会长

一般说来,“代理”可译作acting,例如:

代理市长actingmayor

代理总理actingpremier

代理主任actingdirector

“常务”可以managing表示,例如:

常务理事managingdirector

常务副校长managingvicepresident(亦可作firstvicemayor)

“执行”可译作executive,例如:

执行主任executivedirector

执行秘书executivesecretary

执行主席executivechairman(也可译作presidingchairman)

“名誉”译为honorary,例如:

名誉校长honorarypresident/principal

名誉主席、会长honorarychairman/president(也可用emeritus表示,如emerituschairman/president)

有些职称或职务带有“主任”、“主治”、“特级”厂特派,、“特约”等头衔,英译不尽相同,例如:

主任编辑associatesenioreditor

主任秘书chiefsecretary

主任医师seniordoctor

主任护士seniornurse

主治医师attending/chiefdoctor;physician;consultant

特级教师special-gradeseniorteacher

特派记者areditedcorrespondent

特派员/专员missioner

特约编辑contributingeditor

特约记者specialcorrespondent

许多职称、职务的头衔称谓其英语表达法难以归类,需要日积月累,逐步登录在自己的称谓语料库中。以下所列举是其中的一部分:

办公室主任officemanager(如“校长办公室主任”managerofpresident&39;soffice)

财务主任treasurer

车间主任workshopmanager/director

编审senioreditor

博导(博士生导师)doctoralstudentsupervisor

研究生导师graduatestudenttutor

客座教授visitingprofessor

院士academician

译审seniortranslator

村长villagehead

领班captain;foreman;gaffer

经纪人broker

税务员taxcollector

研究管员researchfellowof...(如“图书馆研究管员”researchfellowoflibraryscience)股票交易员stockdealer

红马夹(stockexchange)floorbroker

业务经理service/business/operationmanager

住院医生resident(doctor);registrar

国际大师internationalmaster

会计师chartered/certifiedpublicaountant;registered/incorporatedaountant

我国有一些常见的荣誉称号(honorarytitle)在许多英语国家没有对应的表达语,现列举部分英译供参考:

标兵pacemaker

学习标兵studentpacemaker;modelstudent

劳动模范modelworker

模范教师modelteacher

优秀教师excellentteacher

优秀员工outstandingemployee;employeeofthemonth/year

青年标兵modelyouth/youthpacemaker

三好学生"triple-A"outstandingstudent;outstandingstudent

三八妇女红旗手"March8thRedBanner"outstandingwomanpacemaker

称谓翻译

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副书记Deputy Secretary 副市长Deputy Mayor 副县长Deputy Chief Executive 副村长Deputy Village Head 副院长(学院)Deputy Dean 副总编Deputy Editor-in-Chief associate用作"副"时一般用于职称。 副教授Associate Professor 副研究员Associate Research Fellow 副主编Associate Editor-in-Chief 副编审Associate Senior Editor 副研究馆员Associate Research Fellow 副译审Associate Senior Translator 副主任医师Associate Senior Doctor Assistant 也可作"副"解释,如:副经理Assistant Manager 但我们知道,assistant 原本含义是"助理"。当我们把"副经理"译成assistant manager 时,那么"经理助理"怎么译?另外,assistant manager和另一种副经理deputy manager之间有什么区别? 要弄清以上情况,先得看看Assistant 和Deputy在美国的用法,以美国联邦财政部金融管理局(Financial Management Service)为例,该局局长称作Commissioner,紧接着Commissioner的二号人物称Deputy Commissioner,相当于我们中国的第一副局长,然后是多名分管各个不同科室的副局长,如分管联邦金融事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance)、分管金融运营事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Financial Operations)、分管政府部门会计事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Accounting)等等 无论是美国政府还是企业机构几乎都是一样,即Deputy 作为第一副职,往往只设一个,而Assistant 却可以有多个。比如在一家美国公司里,既有Deputy

口译中文翻译

产品介绍 1.我们的电热水壶是最新的快速煮沸开水及饮料的家用电器产品,适用于家庭及办公室。 Our electric kettle is the most up-to-date household appliance to boil water and make hot drinks fast at home or in the office. 2.该产品具有热效率高、耗电量少、性能可靠等优点,是您的最佳选择。 The product is your best choice with its high thermal efficiency, low power consumption, as well as reliable performance. 3.这跑车很酷,因此深受年轻人的喜爱,而且比其他式样的要轻便很多。 The sports car is so cool that it is popular with young people, and it is much lighter/convenient than other styles. Meet with a great favor in young people, Enjoy wide/great popularity among Is appreciated by young users 4.脱胎漆器无论是形状、样式、颜色、光泽,都那么高雅大方,此外,还轻便耐久。 Bodiles s lacquerwork is elegant in its 5.这很容易操作。你要做的就是轻轻按下这个按钮。看,开动了。 It is easy handling. / to handle. What you need to do is push/press the bottom lightly. Look, it gets started./ it is starting. 6.我们的绣花衬衫质量上乘,款式新颖,在欧洲和美国都很受欢迎,相信在你们国家也会有市场 的。 Our embroidered shirts are fine/superior in quality, fashionable in design, and have met with grater favor in European countries and America. I’m sure they will also enjoy a wide popularity in your country. (Warmly welcomed by) 定货-询价-报价-还价 7.由于订单太多,我们最多只能供应100台。我建议你把订单的数量削减一半,怎么样? As we are heavily committed, we can only supply 100 set at most. May I suggest that you cut the quantity of your order by half? As we have too many orders on hand, 100 set is the best we can offer you. I’d sugget that you reduce your order by half, what do you think? 8.我们能按不同市场的流行款式或客户来样,制作不同款式的箱包。 We can produce suitcase modeled after the fashions of different markets or according to buyers' samples. We can produce different styles of suitcase according to the fashions of the markets or the customers’samples. 9.我们的“虎”牌商标已经被大多数海外顾客所接受,并且在世界市场站稳了脚跟。 Our “Tiger” Trade Mark is well received by most of the overseas customers and has been well established in the world market. 10.坦白地说吧,已经有其他的客户已更高的价格向我们的订货呢。如果不是考虑到我们长期的业 务关系,我们也不会以这个价钱向你方报实盘。 To be frank with you, other clients have ordered at a higher price. We would not be willing to make you a firm offer at that price if it were not for the longstanding relations between us. 11.作为我们的老客户,您应该很清楚我们产品的质量上乘,而且,我们的报价是与世界市场的现 行价格相一致的 You is our old client, so you know very well that know fully well that our product is of superior quality, and Our quotation always comes in line with the world market/Our price is in line with the

公司名称英语翻译大全

公司名称英语翻译大全 1. Line(s) (轮船、航空、航运等)公司 Atlantic Container Line 大西洋集装箱海运公司 Hawaiian air Lines 夏威夷航空公司 2. Agency 公司、代理行 The Austin advertising Agency 奥斯汀广告公司 China Ocean Shipping Agency 中国外轮代理公司 3. Store(s) 百货公司 Great Universal Store 大世界百货公司(英) Tesco Stores (Holdings) 坦斯科百货公司(英) 4. Associates(联合)公司 British Nuclear Associates 英国核子联合公司 Subsea equipment Associates Ltd. 海底设备联合有限公司(英、法、美合办) 5. System(广播、航空等)公司 Mutual Broadcasting System 相互广播公司(美) Malaysian Airline System 马来西亚航空公司

6. Office 公司,多与 head, home, branch等词连用 3M China Limited Guangzhou Branch Office 3M 中国有限公司广州分公司China Books Import and Export Corporation (Head Office) 中国图书进出口总公司 7. Service(s)(服务)公司 Africa-New Zealand Service 非洲—新西兰服务公司 Tropic Air Services 特罗皮克航空公司 8. Exchange American Manufacturers Foreign Credit Insurance Exchange 美国制造商出口信用保险公司 9. Center Binks (Shanghai) Engineering Exhibition Center, Ltd. 宾克斯(上海)涂装工程设备展示有限公司 “联合公司”的翻译方法 1. Consolidated Coal Company 联合煤炭公司(美) 2. United Aircraft Corporation 联合飞机公司(美) 3. Allied Food Industries Co. 联合食品工业公司(新加坡) 4. Integrated Oil Company 联合石油公司 5. Federated Department Stores 联合百货公司 6. Union Carbide Corporation 联合碳化合物公司(美) 7. Associated British Picture Corporation 英国联合影业公司 8. China Agricultural Machinery Import and Export Joint Company 中国农业机械进出口联合公司 “保险公司”的翻译方法 1. Export Credit Insurance Corporation 出口信贷保险公司(加) 2. Export Finance and Insurance Corporation 出口金融和保险公司(澳) 3. Federal Insurance Corporation 联邦保险公司(美)

商务英语信函的翻译

摘要 商务英语信函在国际贸易中起着重要的作用。本文首先通过介绍商务英语信函的特点,然后遵循商务英语的翻译准则,从商务英语信函的用词,中长句的处理以及语气特点三方面着手探讨商务英语信函的翻译技巧。为了提高商务英语信函的翻译质量,翻译者必须了解商务英语信函的特点及商务英语信函的翻译准则及技巧。通过举例和比较,本文详细地分析了商务英语信函的特点并总结出翻译商务英语信函的标准和方法及商务英语信函翻译中应注意的问题。 关键词:商务英语信函;翻译;特点;翻译技巧

ABSTRACT Business English letter plays an important role in international trade.This thesis first introduces the features of business English letter with 7Cs. Then following the translation principles of business English letter, from the words, long sentences and manner of speaking aspects, it discusses the translation skills. In order to obtain good quality translation of business English letter, translators must understand the features of business English letter and the translation principles and skills. By analying the examples and making the contrastive study, this thesis gives a detailed analysis of the features of business English letter and figures out the basic principles and methods applicable to the translation of this specific genre and some problems a translator should pay attention to during the translation of business English letter. Keywords:business English letter; translation; feature; translation skills

口译中尊称的译法

尊称的译法: 在寒暄、介绍、礼仪祝词中,对对方或他人的尊敬称谓十分常见,中文和英语中的尊称说法有很多,较为常见的是英译中时可将you,your company,your university译成“您”、“贵公司”.“贵校”,而中译英的情况则较为复杂。如果是泛称,比如“尊敬的来宾”,一般可译成distinguished guests,honorable guests或respected guests等。但对不同身份、不同地位的个人则常常需要使用不同的尊称方式,主要有以下几种: 1. 陛下:Majesty,是对King(国王),Queen(王后或女王)的尊称。 直接称谓:Your Majesty 间接称谓:His/Her Majesty Majesty后面还可以加上人名:H. M. (Her Majesty) Queen Elizabeth 2. 殿下:Highness,是Prince (王子),Princess (公主),Royal Duke (王族公爵)和Royal Duchess (王族公爵夫人)的尊称, 直接称谓:Your Highness 间接称谓:His/Her Highness Highness后面还可以加上头衔及人名:Your Royal Highness Princess Diana 3. 阁下:Excellency,是对Prime Minister (总理),Secretary (大臣),Minister(部长),Governor(总督/省长),Bishop(主教),Ambassador(大使)等高官及教士的尊称。 直接称谓:Your Excellency 间接称谓:His/Her Excellency 后面还可以加上职衔及人名:Your Excellency Prime Minister Brown 4. 大人:Grace,主要用于对Duke (公爵),Duchess (公爵夫人),Arch-bishop (大主教)表示敬意。 直接称谓:Your Grace 间接称谓:His/Her Grace 5. 先生:Honor,是对法官或某些高官的尊称。 直接称谓:Your Honor 间接称谓:His/Her Honor

(完整版)公司企业常见部门名称英文(商务英语)

公司企业常见部门名称英文 总公司Head Office 分公司Branch Office 营业部Business Office 人事部Personnel Department (人力资源部)Human Resources Department 总务部General Affairs Department 财务部General Accounting Department 销售部Sales Department 促销部Sales Promotion Department 国际部International Department 出口部Export Department 进口部Import Department 公共关系Public Relations Department 广告部Advertising Department 企划部Planning Department 产品开发部Product Development Department 研发部Research and Development Department(R&D) 秘书室Secretarial Pool 职务中“总”字中英对照翻译

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