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初三中考阅读

(--)阅读《春夜》，完成后面的13～17题。(12分)

春夜

●杜谷

①星光如此璀璨，

风也如此柔媚。

②夜是太静谧了，

旷野也太岑寂。

③今晚天上想有豪华的夜宴，

广庭密集着银色的灯烛。

④今晚天上仿佛晶莹的花园，

海上开满洁白的水仙。

⑤我愿倦怠的人慢慢入睡，

轻轻打开你梦的门扉。

⑥愿弦月的微波流进你的梦，

让困乏的心灵得到洗沐。

⑦明天阳光将要燃烧你的窗帘，

你会看见原野上到处长满花的树。

13．这首诗的第③④两节扣住了第①节中的句子”___________________”进行描写，想象奇特，引人入胜。(2分)

14．第④节中加点的“海上”指的是————．。(2分)

15．诗人描写的“春夜”具有怎样的特点?请做一下分析：(2分)

16．这首诗的结尾一句“你会看见原野上到处长满花的树”是实写还是虚写?它的含义是什么?(3分)

17．回归教材，整合阅读。

这首小诗与课文《夜》都描写了夜间的景物，而且感情主旨也基本相同。请你概括一下这首诗表达的情感。(3分)

(三)阅读《云赋》，完成后面的18～22题。(12分)

云赋

●孙荪

①小时候在农村，二八月看巧云，是一件赏心悦目的快事。每逢这样的机会，天上美景总是引起童心的好奇和遐想。要是那天上的棉山粮垛能落入人间仓库，那数不尽的羊群马队能赶

到乡村的圈栏，那无数的瓦块能送给百姓盖房，该多好啊!可这些念头像多变的云朵一样，来得疾，去得也快，自生自灭了，那美丽的天堂离人间究竟太远太远了。

②后来，我常想写一篇云赋，但却一直是想想而已。直接触发我拿起笔来是在一次旅途上、飞机中。那是六月底的一天，时令正值仲夏，我买好了上午十时从北京飞往中原的票。可是不巧，天不作美。清晨起来就见那天空像一大块洗褪了色的浅灰色大幕。不知是谁在往下扯这大幕似的，天空比往常低多了。在我动身前往售票大楼的路上，觉得脸上有凉丝丝的雨星飘来。抬眼一看，那灰色的天幕像浸透了水一样，沉甸甸的，越坠越低，颜色也由灰变乌，更阴暗了。眨眼工夫，像有狂风从天幕后边猛吹似的，只见这里那里涌出一大团一大簇的乌云来。有的如有首无面的凶神恶煞、有眼无珠的妖魔鬼怪，有的如乌龙青蟒、黑熊灰猩，奔跑着、追逐着、拥挤着、翻卷着、聚拢着，好像在执行着什么攻城掠地的庄严神圣而又刻不容缓的使命，大有非把敌人逐出国门并踏为齑粉不可之势。"心为物役"，我的思绪也禁不住随着乌云狂奔起来。忽然，"吧嗒"、"吧嗒"的声音把我的思路打断了，我看见黄豆粒大的雨点冷不丁地东一颗西一颗地摔下来，砸在水泥地上，炸开一个个小小的水花。不一会，雨声就由沙沙沙_______，雨丝由断而______，由细而_______，雨下起来了。

③我知道糟了!今天的班机怕要误了。果不其然，当我们坐车到达机场时，广播里正在告诉旅客：飞机不能起飞，请耐心等待。我们只好在候机室里恭候上苍开颜赏脸。这时的天空，像乌云已经牢牢控制了局势的战场一样，紧张愤怒的情绪已经变得比较轻松，因为暴怒而显得乌黑的脸膛也变得稍微明朗了些，乌云也在趁机会歇歇脚、喘口气，再也不那么急急地奔驰了，带着重重水汽的云在徜徉，或在低空和雨帘中轻轻掠过。幸运得很，那天上苍还算给面子，夏天的雨来得猛，去得快，只不过一个多小时，雨停了。

④大概乌云是以雨为矢同太阳作战的吧，那雨一停，太阳可就要反攻过来了。这时的乌云已经弹尽粮绝，几小时以前乌合起来的兵马，现在是丧魂失魄，溃不成军，大有不堪收拾之状了。只见狼奔豕逐。顷刻间纷然瓦解，无影无踪。太阳卷土重来，君临上界，天晴了。

⑤整天艳阳高照，也许不觉得太阳的妩媚。雨过天晴之后，特别是旅途遇雨又天晴，太阳也像换了新的，光华格外灿烂。天空和万物都像新洗过了，空气就不用说了，像新充了更多氧气。天边偶尔飘浮着淡淡的白云，像什么神仙画家从天庭跑过，信手运笔，轻轻抹在青山之旁，蓝天之上。又像从别的什么仙境飘来的片片银色的羽毛，若飞，若停，吸之若来，吹之若去。这时候，你鼻翼翕动，只觉洁净清爽，沁人心脾，纵目四望，只觉耳目一新。

⑥但那一天，使我最为心荡神怡，思绪飞越的是登上飞机以后看到的云景。我是头一次坐三叉戟飞机。我的眼睛盯着窗外，飞机碰着云了，钻进云层了。不，我们高高地在云层之上了。真有意思：原来我们往常看到的云都是离地面较低的，尤其是乌云。当飞机越过一万多米的高空以后，一幅真正瑰丽的彩云图出现了。谁能想到，几个小时以前，在地上仰望苍天看到的是那样一副面孔；几个小时以后，在你的脚下，却看见了这样一副仙姿。连绵起伏的云山絮岭宛如浮动在海上的冰山。由一色汉白玉雕砌而成的各式各样的宫阙亭榭，高高低低连成望不到头的长街新城。金色的阳光把这些银色的山峦和楼台勾出了鲜明的轮廓。用银装素裹，分外妖娆几个字来描绘，倒是十分妥帖。还有那用白色的绢绸和松软的棉絮制成的散漫的巨象，大度的白猿，从容的骆驼，安详的睡狮，肥硕的绵羊，伫立雄视的银鸡，或卧、或坐、或行、或止，都在默默地体味这空的仙境中片刻的静美。我也有点像驾着祥云遨游九天的神仙了。但由于老习惯的驱使，我又抬眼仰望天空。啊，湛蓝湛蓝，高远莫测，一丝儿云也没有，一点儿尘也看不见，冰清玉润的月牙，像是"挂"在南天上，可细看，又无依无托，使人觉得好似从哪里飞来的一把神镰突然停在了那里。我心想，这才是天空的真面目呢。人们往往把云和天搅混在一起，其实云层和天空本是两回事。"拨开乌云见青天"之"青"，原来是只有站在云头之上才能体会得到的啊。

⑦当我结束这次空中旅行的时候，一个极普通的现象引起了我的注意：田野里的禾苗因一场

夏雨刚过而变得生机盎然。于是，在我脑海里迅速闪过一个念头：无云何来雨，无雨何来五谷丰登、牛肥马壮、新房林立?我儿时的遐想，真还包含着点辩证法的萌芽呢。

(文章有删节)

18.根据语境分析，第②段中横线上应填的词语分别是__________、__________、___________。(2分)

19．选文描绘了在三种情况下看云的感受。一是在大雨来临之前看云，二是____________________，三是______________________。(2分)

20．“云散了，天晴了”其实就是第④段所表达的意思，但这一句的表达效果与文章的描写截然不同。请做一下分析。(3分)

21．请分析选文最后一段的表达作用。(2分)

22．选文运用拟人、比喻、排比的修辞手法来描绘云景，生动精彩，引人入胜。你能借鉴这些手法描绘一下山峦的景象吗?尝试着写一写吧。(3分)

四．阅读《奇特的“黑烟囱”》，完成后面的23——26题。

奇特的“黑烟囱”

“黑烟囱”是耸立在海底的硫化堆积物，呈上细下粗的圆筒状，因形似烟囱状，所以被科学家形象地称为“黑烟囱”。它们的直径从数厘米到2米，高度从数厘米到50米不等。

专家们认为,海底“黑烟囱”的形成过程很复杂，主要与海水及相关金属元素在大洋地壳内热循环有关。由于新生大洋地壳或海底裂谷地壳的温度较高，海水沿裂隙向下渗透可达几公里，在地壳深部加热升温后，淋滤并溶解岩石中的多种金属元素，又沿着裂隙对流上升并喷发在海底。它们刚喷出时为澄清的溶液，与周围的海水混合后，很快变成“黑烟”、并在海底及其浅部通道内堆积成硫化物。

“黑烟囱”喷出的溶液富含铜、铁、硫、锌，还有少量的铅、银、金、钴等金属和其他一些微量元素。这些物质往上跑不了多高，就会像天女散花般地从烟柱顶端四散落下，沉积于烟囱的周围，从而形成含量很高基本没有土、石等杂质的矿物堆。

除了矿物质，这些“黑烟囱”让科学家们兴奋的更重要原因是，它的周围活跃着一个崭新的生物群落———热水生物，比如长达三米而无消化器官，全靠硫细菌提供营养的蠕虫，又如白螃蟹之类。说明地球上不仅有人们所熟悉的，在常温和有光的环境下通过光合作用生产有机质的“有光食物链”，还存在着依靠地球内源能量即地热支持，在深海黑暗和高温高压的环境下，通过化合作用生产有机质的“黑暗食物链”，从而构成了繁荣的深海生物圈。换言之，因为处在海洋深处，阳光无法照射到那里，它们不能依靠光合作用来合成生命物质，只能通过自身的化学反应合成生命物质来生存。

在这里，海水的水温高达350摄氏度，生物生活在既无氧也无光的高温高压环境下，并依靠氧化大量有毒有害的硫化物获得生命的能量。这种生存环境，很类似地球早期环境的极端高温环境：热泉水温高达350摄氏度，周围水温为2摄氏度、缺氧，遍布还原性的有毒气体和金属离子。

一些生物基因组的研究显示，这些生物非常原始，接近所有生命的共同祖先。科学家们为此提出，生命莫非就是起源于这些“黑烟囱”的周围？

另外，海底“黑烟囱”周围生物的多样性和生物密度也可与热带雨林相媲美，目前新发现的

生物种类已经达到了10个门类500多个种属。

近些年来，海底热液活动及其多金属硫化物、生物资源为国际社会常年关注，成为国际科学前沿的课题。虽然对热液硫化物的探索和开发谈不上争夺，但各国科学家们都很明确，谁对“黑烟囱”的了解更多，谁就有可能在生物和基因科学中取得先机，谁就有可能揭开生命起源之谜。因此，对深海的进一步探索和了解，各国都不甘落后。

（选自《青年文摘》2008年3月下，有改动）

23．生活在海底“黑烟囱”周围的生物有哪些生存方式?(3分)

24．请根据“黑烟囱”的形成过程，给“黑烟囱”下一个科学的定义。(4分)

25．“黑烟囱”对深海生物及人类有什么意义?(3分)

26．下列判断哪些是错误的?请简述理由。(4分)

（1）科学家们重视研究“黑烟囱”是因为它的周围活跃着一个崭新的生物群落．说明了地球上不仅有“有光食物链”．还存在着“黑暗食物链”。

(2)“黑烟囱”周围虽然是无氧无光的高温高压环境，却生存着许多生物，其生物密度和多样性不亚于热带雨林。

(3)经过研究，科学家发现“黑烟囱”周围的生存环境．很类似地球早期环境的极端高温环境。这些生物，接近所有生命的共同祖先，由此推导出生命起源于“黑烟囱”的新结论。

（二）13.星光如此灿烂14.天空15.晴朗、静谧

16.“你会看见原野上到处长满花的树”并不是实写。而代指春天到来后大自然展现出的生机勃勃的景象

17.静谧、美丽的夜景，传达出诗人对大自然、对生活的热爱之情。

（三）18.刷刷刷连粗

19.雨后观云乘坐飞机在高空中观赏彩云

20.第四段巧用拟人手法，描摹细腻生动，引人遐想。。而“云散了，天晴了”一句就显得过于平淡了。

21.首尾呼应，收束全文，突出了对云彩的喜爱之情。

22.示例：山峦高高低低，连绵起伏，一直延伸到远方，有的如利剑穿空，有的如万马奔腾，有的如顽皮的孩子，有的如沉思的老人……千奇百怪，无所不有。

（四）23.靠硫细菌提供营养，通过自身的化学反应合成生命物质（通过化合作用生产有机质）氧化大量有毒有害的硫化物获得生命的能量。

24.“黑烟囱”是海水侵入海底裂缝，受地壳深处热源加热，溶解地壳内的多种金属元素，再从洋底喷出冷凝而成的烟囱状的硫化物堆积物。

25.为深海生物提供了生存环境，为人类提供所需要的宝贵矿物，为揭开生命起源之谜提供可能性。

26.（1）（3）错。文章说“黑烟囱”周围活跃着一个崭新的生物群落是让科学家们重视研究的“更重要原因”，说明还有其他原因，而选项（1）说成是唯一原因。文章是提出生命莫非就是起源于这些“黑烟囱”的周围的假设，而选项（3）说成“由此推导出生命起源于‘黑烟囱’的新结论”。

人教版九年级英语中考模拟试题

2016年云南省初中学业水平模拟考试英语试题卷（2015年听力） (全卷四个部分，共8页；满分120分，考试用时120分钟) 第一部分听力（共四节，满分30分）第一节听句子，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出与所听句子内容相关的图画。每个句子听两遍。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） 1. A. B. C. 2. A. B. C. 3. A. B. C. 4. A. B. C. 5. A. B. C.

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