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单项选择100题

《工程材料基础》单项选择

1 再结晶退火作为软化材料的手段，常用于_____

(a) 淬火件(b) 铸件(c) 锻压件(d) 冷塑性变形后的零件

2 碳钢的最低再结晶温度大约为_____

(a) 250℃左右(b) 450℃左右(c) 650℃左右(d) 750℃左右

3 弹簧获得高弹性时热处理工艺为_____

(a) 正火(b) 淬火+高温回火(c) 淬火+中温回火(d) 淬火+低温回火

4 表面淬火的零件常选用_____

(a) 低碳钢(b) 中碳调质钢(c) T12 (d) 高碳钢

5 渗碳零件一般的选用_____

(a) c<0.25 % (b) 中碳钢(c)工具钢(d) c>0.5%

6 零件经渗碳后还需经过_____

(a) 淬火+低温回火(b) 调质(c) 不再热处理(d) 时效

7 切削加工刀具的性能主要应达到_____

(a) 高强度，高韧性(b) 硬度与强度的适当配合(c) 高的弹性模量及刚度(d) 高硬度高耐磨性及红硬性

8 切削刀具和冷变形模具用碳钢制造时，要进行_____

(a) 调质(b)再结晶退火(c) 淬火+低温回火(d) 淬火+高温回火

9 20CrMnTi钢中Ti元素主要作用是_____

(a) 提高强度(b) 提高回火抗力(c) 细化晶粒(d) 提高硬度

10 40CrNiMo钢中Cr、Ni元素的主要作用是_____

(a) 提高强度(b) 强化铁素体提高淬透性(c) 提高红硬性(d) 细化晶粒

11 1Cr18Ni9Ti钢中Ni元素的主要作用是_____

(a) 细化晶粒(b) 提高淬透性(c) 获得单相奥氏体组织(d) 提高强度

12 下列材料中，蠕变抗力最高的是_____

(a) 金属(b) 有机高分子(c) 陶瓷(d) 热塑性玻璃钢

13 下列材料中，韧性最好的是_____

(a) 金属(b) 有机高分子(c) 陶瓷(d) 热塑性玻璃钢

14 导致"泰坦尼克"号轮船沉没的最可能原因是_____

(a) 船体钢板硬度过低(b) 船体钢板弹性模量过低(c) 船体钢板硫磷含量过高

(d) 船体钢板屈服强度过低

15 下列材料中，适合作赛艇壳体的是_____

(a) 16Mn (b) 尼龙(c) 铝合金(d) 热固性玻璃钢

16下列材料中，适合作飞机蒙皮的是_____

(a) L01 (b) L Y12 (c) LD7 (d) ZL102

17下列材料中适合作汽车减速器壳的是_____

(a) KT350-10 (b) QT400-15 (c) 16Mn (d) ZG35

18 下列材料中，适合作盛放氢氟酸容器的是_____

(a) 聚四氟乙烯(b) 1Cr17 (c) 1Cr18Ni9 (d) 玻璃钢

19下列材料中，适合作汽车轮胎的是_____

(a) 顺丁橡胶(b) 硅橡胶(c) 氟橡胶(d) 丁腈橡胶

20 下列材料中，适合制作锉刀的是_____

(a) 20钢(b) 60钢(c) T8钢(d) T12钢

22 40Cr钢制汽车连杆螺栓淬火后高温回火时应_____

(a) 炉冷(b) 空冷(c) 油冷(d) 水冷

23下列材料中，适合制作手术刀的是_____

(a) 1Cr13 (b) 4Cr13 (c) 1Cr17 (d) 1Cr18Ni9

24 ZG35在铸造后应进行_____

(a) 正火(b) 去应力退火(c) 再结晶退火(d) 球化退火

25 汽车油刹车制动软管应选用_____

(a) 丁腈橡胶基复合材料管(b) 塑料管(c) 热塑性玻璃钢管(d) 铝合金管

26 下列材料中适合制作冷作模具的是_____

(a) Cr12MoV (b) 38CrMoA1A (c) HT350 (d) 5CrNiMo

27 下列材料中，适合作汽车板弹簧的是_____

(a) 20钢(b) 60Si2Mn (c) GCr15 (d) T12

28 下列材料中，适合坦克履带板的是_____

(a) ZChPbSb16-16-2 (b) ZG35 (c) ZL203 (d) ZGMn13

29 下列材料中，适合作机床床身的是_____

(a) HT300 (b) KTH300-06 (c) KTZ450-06 (d) QT450-10

30 W18Cr4V钢（高速钢）在切削加工前的预先热处理应进行_____

(a) 去应力退火(b) 再结晶退火(c) 完全退火(d) 球化退火

31在工程设计中，对易发生脆性断裂的重要零构件，应按_____进行设计

(a) 屈服强度σs(b) 抗拉强度σb(c) 断裂韧性K IC(d) 冲击韧性a k

32 制造内燃机火花塞绝缘体的合适材料是_____

(a) 氧化铝陶瓷(b) 酚醛塑料(c) 尼龙(d) 顺丁橡胶

33 制造内燃机活塞的合适材料是_____

(a) 5CrNiMo (b) W18Cr4V (c) ZAlCu5Mn (d) HT300

34 制造内燃机曲轴轴瓦内衬的合适材料是_____

(a) ZSnSb4Cu4 (b) HT200 (c) GCr15 (d) 20钢

35 用T12钢制造锉刀，淬火后的回火温度应为_____

(a) 200℃(b) 350℃(c) 450℃(d) 550℃

36 40Cr钢制内燃机连杆螺栓，淬火加热的合适温度为_____

(a) 650℃(b) 750℃(c) 850℃(d) 950℃

37 40钢钢锭在1000℃左右轧制，有时会出现开裂，最可能的原因是_____

(a) 温度过低(b) 温度过高(c) 含磷量过高(d) 含硫量过高

39 60Si2Mn制造汽车板弹簧，淬火后回火时的加热温度约为_____

(a) 150℃(b) 300℃(c) 450℃(d) 550℃

41 制造航空发动机轴瓦的合适材料是_____

(a) ZQPb30 (b) ZCuSnSb12-4-10 (c) GCr15 (d) ZCuPb15Sn8

42 制造钢桥的合适材料是_____

(a) 16Mn (b) 20钢(c) 60钢(d) T12钢

43 T8钢淬火加热的合适温度约为_____

(a) 580℃(b) 680℃(c) 780℃(d) 880℃

44 钢淬火后还要经过什么热处理_____

(a) 回火(b) 正火(c) 退火(d) 渗碳

45 35CrMo钢中Mo的主要作用是_____

(a) 提高红硬性(b) 提高耐腐蚀性(c) 消除第二类回火脆性(d) 细化晶粒

46 钢中细化晶粒的主要合金元素是_____

(a) Cr、Al、Si (b) V、Ti、Nb (c) W、Mo、Re (d) P、Cu、Mn

47 耐腐蚀性能最好的工程塑料是_____

(a) 聚砜(b) 聚四氟乙烯(c) 聚甲醛(d) 聚碳酸脂

48 材料摩擦系数最大的配对材料是_____

(a) 金属-高分子(b) 硬金属-软金属(c) 金属-陶瓷(d) 真空中纯净金属-纯净金属

49 无相变合金的强化方法主要是_____

(a) 马氏体强化(b) 时效强化(c) 变形强化(d) 细晶强化

50 钢的淬透性主要决定于_____

(a) 合金元素(b) 冷却速度(c) 工件尺寸(d) 冷却介质

51 40CrMo钢制连杆螺栓淬火并经高温回火后，应该_____

(a) 炉冷(b) 空冷(c) 水冷(d) 油冷

52 常用工程材料中，密度最高的是_____

(a) 金属材料(b) 陶瓷材料(c) 高分子材料(d) 复合材料

53 实际晶体材料强度远低于理论值的原因是晶体中存在_____

(a) 晶界(b) 溶质(c) 位错(d) 第二相

54 材料产生低应力脆断是因为材料中存在_____

(a) 位错(b) 裂纹(c) 晶界(d) 第二相

55 既可提高材料强度又可改善材料塑韧性的方法是_____

(a) 时效强化(b) 淬火强化(c) 细晶强化(d) 固溶强化

56 下列材料适合作板簧的是_____

(a) Mn13 (b) 16Mn (c) 20Mn2V (d) 65Mn

57 下列钢中耐腐蚀性最好的是_____

(a) 1Cr18Ni9Ti (b) GCr15 (c) 12CrMoV (d) Cr12MoV

59 提高材料表面硬度可提高材料的_____

(a) 抗磨损能力(b) 抗腐蚀能力(c) 抗蠕变能力(d) 抗弹性变形能力

60 不锈钢焊接时焊缝处易发生_____

(a) 小孔腐蚀(b) 缝隙腐蚀(c) 晶间腐蚀(d) 均匀腐蚀

61 牺牲阳极保护法中的阳极可选用_____

(a) Zn (b) Ti (c) Fe (d) 任何金属

62 高速钢的红硬性可保持到_____

(a) 250℃(b) 425℃(c) 600℃(d) 1500℃

63 压力容器用钢应选用_____

(a) 低碳钢(b) 中碳钢(c) 高碳钢(d) 中、高碳钢

64 为了提高钢制零件的刚度可采用_____

(a) 热处理(b) 改用合金钢(c) 增大零件尺寸(d) 加工硬化

65 螺栓高温工作时会产生_____

(a) 应力松弛(b) 变形（伸长）增加(c) 突然断裂(d) 无任何变化

67 下列钢中哪一种淬透性最好_____

(a) 40 (b) 40Co (c) 40Cr (d) 40CrNiMo

68 一般压力容器均为焊接件，因此压力容器强度设计应采用_____

(a) 断裂韧性设计(b) 静强度设计(c) 疲劳强度设计(d) 刚度设计

69 KⅠC是什么性能指标_____

(a) 强度(b) 硬度(c) 塑性(d) 韧性

70 Mn13是耐磨钢，其良好的耐磨性来自于_____

(a) 形成大量碳化物(b) 加工硬化能力强(c) 大量锰元素固溶强化(d) 铸造后就有高硬度

71 汽车齿轮可选用的材料和热处理工艺是_____

(a) 40CrNiMo／调质(b) 40CrNiMo／渗碳淬火

72 为获得合适的切削加工性能，20钢应采用_____

(a) 退火(b) 正火(c) 淬火(d) 淬火加低温回火

73 陶瓷材料的主要优缺点是_____

(a) 硬度高／塑性低(b) 硬度高／熔点低(c) 塑性好／易蠕变(d) 抗蠕变／刚度低

74 高分子材料的主要优缺点是_____

(a) 刚度高／耐腐蚀性差(b) 强度高／易蠕变(c) 塑性好／易蠕变(d) 抗蠕变／刚度低

75 高分子材料分子主干链上原子的主要结合方式是_____

(a) 共价键(b) 二次键(c) 金属键(d) 共价键和金属键

76 硬质合金材料是_____

(a) 金属材料(b) 陶瓷材料(c) 高分子材料(d) 复合材料

77 W18Cr4V钢淬火后的回火温度应为_____

(a) 200℃(b) 400℃(c) 560℃(d) 460℃

78 制造钢铆钉的合适材料是_____

(a) 10钢(b) T10 (c) 60钢(d) 20钢

79 制造滑动轴承的合适材料是_____

(a) GCr15 (b) HT200 (c) ZCuSn5Pb5Zn5 (d) Cr12MoV

80 制造高压容器的合适材料是_____

(a) 40Cr (b) T12 (c) 16Mn (d) 10钢

81 制造热锻模具的合适材料是_____

(a) 5CrNiMo (b) T12 (c) 20CrMnTi (d) Cr12MoV

82 制造冷作模具的合适材料是_____

(a) 1Cr17 (b) 60Si2Mn (c) Cr12MoV (d) GCr15

83 制造高速切削车刀的合适材料是_____

(a) W18Cr4V (b) T12 (c) 40钢(d) 20钢

84 制造汽轮机叶片的合适材料是_____

(a) 1Cr13 (b) 1Cr17 (c) 5CrNiMo (d) GCr15

85 制造汽车曲轴的合适材料是_____

(a) 10钢(b) 45钢(c) T10 (d) 20钢

86 制造拉丝模、切边模常选用_____

(a) 15CrMo (b) 1Cr18Ni9Ti (c) Cr12MoV (d) 2Cr13

87 制造精密机床主轴的合金钢为_____

(a) 20CrMnTi (b) 38CrMoAlA (c) 50CrV A (d) 9SiCr

88 下面所给出的几种合金元素,哪种元素不能提高钢的淬透性_____

(a) Co (b) Cr (c) V (d) Mo

89 某汽车制造厂要给汽车变速箱齿轮选材,请问哪种材料最合适_____

(a) T12 (b) W18Cr4V (c) 16Mn (d) 20CrMnTi

90 对于金属材料来讲,下面哪一个性能指标是不能通过合金化或者热处理改变的_____

(a) 疲劳强度(b) 弹性模量(c) 断裂韧度(d) 屈服强度

91 下面所给的三种常用的淬火介质,按冷却能力由大到小的排列顺序为_____

(a) 水,盐水(10%的浓度),机油(b) 盐水(10%的浓度),水,机油

92 零件产生过量弹性变形的原因是_____

(a) 刚度不足(b) 强度太低(c) 塑性太差(d) 韧性太差

93 采用异类材料匹配可以显著减轻哪类磨损_____

(a) 粘着磨损(b) 磨粒磨损(c) 疲劳磨损(d) 腐蚀磨损

94 经过冷轧后的15钢钢板,采用何种热处理可以降低硬度_____

(a) 淬火(b) 回火(c) 去应力退火(d) 再结晶退火

95 我国南京长江大桥是采用_____钢建造的

(a) 16Mn (b) 20 (c) 1Cr13 (d) T18

96 位错属于晶体缺陷的哪一种_____

(a) 点缺陷(b) 线缺陷(c) 面缺陷(d) 体缺陷

97 铁素体属于下面哪一种_____

(a) 间隙固溶体(b) 置换固溶体(c) 化合物(d) 中间相

98铁碳相图中的转变下面哪个是非恒温转变_____

(a) 共晶转变(b) 匀晶转变(c) 共析转变(d) 包晶转变

99 莱氏体是以下哪两个相组成的混合物_____

(a) 铁素体和奥氏体(b) 奥氏体和渗碳体(c) 铁素体和渗碳体(d) 珠光体和渗碳体

100下面哪一项不是复合材料性能特点_____

(a) 比强度和比模量高(b) 良好的抗疲劳和破断安全性能

(c)优良的高温性能和减震性能(d) 弹性模量不易改变

参考答案

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______ you free last night？ A. Were B. Was C. Are D. Do [解析]last night应于过去式连用。因为它表示具体的过去时间。又因主语为you，故选A. 例题5. 词语解释 I‘m so glad to see you. A. sad B. angry C. pleased [解析]glad意为高兴的选项中只有pleased有此意，故选C. An elephant is a large animal. A. big B. tall C. heavy [解析]large意为大的，只有选项A与其意相近，故选A. This shop sells a lot of things. A. little B. many C. some [解析]a lot of的意思是许多的，只有选项B与其相同，故选B. 这3道题的目的为选意义相同或相近的词，这就要求同学们在学习英语的过程中注意这类词的相互联系。学习生词时力求用过去学的词或短语来解释。

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11选10词汇题练习含答案6套

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