2011年济南中考语文英语数学物理化学试题及答案

2011年济南市英语中考试题及答案

一、听力测试

A）听录音，在每组句子中选出一个你所听到的句子。每个句子读两遍。（5分）

1. A. I can see a map on the wall.

B. You must look after your watch.

C. She flies kites in the park every autumn.

2. A .Do you like Chinese tea?

B. Would you like some hot water?

C. Are there any trees in the picture?

3. A. What food do you like?

B. Whose coats are these?

C. Where are our books?

4. A. The best time to come to China is in spring.

B. There was a strong wind the day before yesterday.

C. Jim couldn't wash himself or get dressed

5. A. I've never been to that farm before.

B. Some of the players were hard to stop.

C. I told her to stay in bed till tomorrow.

B）在录音中，你将听到五段对话及五个问题。请根据对话内容及问题选择正确答案。每段对话及问题听两遍。（5分）

6. A. Lucy's new hat B. Lucy's new kite.

C. Lucy's new bike.

D. Lily's old hat

7. A. A cup of tea. B. Some orange.

C. A glass of water.

D. Something to eat

8. A. The blue one. B. The red one.

C. The green one.

D. Neither.

9. A. At 8:00. B. At 8:30. C. At 9:00. D. At 9:30.

10. A. It's made in Shanghai. B. It's made of cotton.

C. It's made of wool

D. It's made in Jinan.

C)在录音中，你将听到一段对话及五个问题。请根据对话内容及问题选择正确答案。对话及问题读两遍。(5分)

11. A. At school.B In KFC.

C. At home.

D. In a food shop.

12. A, Chicken. B. Vegetable sandwiches.

C. Bread and milk

D. Chicken sandwiches.

13. A. Wash his face. B. Wash his hands.

C. Clean his teeth.

D. Wake his father up.

14. A. He's working. B. He's going to the station.

C. He's sleeping.

D. He's meeting his friend.

15. A. He went to the station to meet his friend.

B. He wrote to his friend till late last night

C. He couldn't find the way to the station last night

D. He read a book till late last night

D)在录音中，你将听到一篇短文及五个问题。请根据短文内容及问题选择正确答案。短文及问题读两遍。(5分

16. A. It was windy. B. It was cloudy.

C. It was wet.

D. It was dry.

17. A. She was going home

R She was going to her friend's house.

C. She was going to her office.

D. She was going to her uncle's house.

18. A. Because it was windy.

B. Because she couldn't find her glasses.

C. Because she couldn't find her friend's house.

D. Because it was raining and the traffic was bad.

19. A. She turned off the radio.

B. She drove slowly.

C. She went to a hotel.

D. She read the road signs.

20. A. The first thing. B. The second thing.

C. The third thing.

D. The fourth thing.

Ⅱ．单词辨音：从每组单词中，选出一个划线部分读音与所给音标读音相同的词。(5分)

21. /ei/ A. bread B. meat C. great D. seat

22. /C/ A. sock B. move C. love D. who

23. / B:/A. walk B. salt C. half D. also

24. /W/ A. brother B. both C. than D. those

25. /d/ A. hoped B. rained C. lasted D. talked

Ⅲ．选择填空：从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。(20分)

26.This is empty bottle. Could you give me full one?

A. a, a

B. an, a

C. the, the

D. /, a

27.It's too hot today. Please give a bottle of orange.

A. mine

B. he

C. her

D. our

28. our football team failed in the match, we did our best.

A. Though

B. But

C. Because

D. As

29. Xi'an is one of capital in China.

A. older, city

B. the older, city

C. oldest, cities

D. the oldest, cities

30. The river is very long and it is about .

A. 20 metres wide

B. 15 metres long

C. 30 metres high

D. 50 metres tall

31. — a year does your school have sports meetings?

—Twice a year.

A. How often

B. How soon

C. How long

D. How many times

32. Taiwan is part of China. It is the southeast of our country.

A. to

B. on

C. in

D. at

33. These books should to the library on time.

A. send

B. be returned

C. give back

D. be got back

34. —Would you like to go and watch the football game with me?

—.

A. Not at all

B. Excuse me, I can't

C. Yes, I'd love to

D. That's right

35. The plane to Hongkong at this time of day.

A. takes off

B. gets to

C. leaves for

D. takes away

36. Reading in bed isn't our eyes.

A. good at

B. weak in

C. bad for

D. good for

37. children there are in a family, their life will be.

A. The less, the better

B. The fewer, the better

C. Fewer, richer

D. More, poorer

38. He has for three or four days.

A. got a headache

B. fallen ill

C. caught a cold

D. had a cough

39. They decided at the end of this month.

A. to leave

B. going back

C. travel

D. not start out

40. —Where have you been these days?

—I have been to Bei Daihe with a friend .

A. in Chinese

B. of Japan

C. of American's

D. from Canada

41. We find it to do some reading every day.

A. easily

B. be enjoyable

C. helpful

D. interested

42.Which of the diagrams below shows the air temperature of Beijing in a year?

43. Mike learns a lot about internet. And .

A. I don't, either

B. so do I

C. so am I

D. I am, too

44. My father will have a holiday next month. He'll take me to Qingdao.

A. ten days

B. ten day's

C. ten-days

D. ten days'

45. He asked me .

A. who did kick the first goal in the World Cup

B. when was the APEC meeting held

C. when China became a member of the WTO

D. where will the 2008 Olympics be held

Ⅳ.完形填空：阅读短文，然后从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入文章中相应空白处的最佳答案。(5分)

Many people have to work 46 . Some people do not mind. Other people think it's terrible.

One man thinks that working at the weekends can be 47 . He is George Smith. Mr Smith works in an office, in Brighton, England.

On Saturday, May 24, 1986, he went to the office to do some work. After he 48 the lift, it stopped between floors. Mr Smith could not get out of the lift. He began to shout, but 49 heard him. Then Mr Smith remembered that it was a holiday in England. No one was going to come to work 50 Tuesday.

There was 51 for Mr Smith to do. He had to wait until one of his workmates came to work and found him. With

nothing to 52 , Mr Smith was very hungry and had to sleep most of the time.

Early on Tuesday morning, one of his workmates came into work and found the lift 53 . When the lift was opened, Mr Smith came out cold, weak, and tired. He had been in the lift for 54 hours!

Now Mr Smith says, "I only use lifts if they have 55 in them. "

46. A. from Monday to Friday B. at the weekends

C. on weekdays

D. from morning till night

47. A. dangerous B. happy C. angry D. free

48. A. got off B. got into C. got out of D. got to

49. A. someone B. everyone C. no one D. either

50. A. on B. to C. from D. until

51. A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything

52. A. read or write B. eat or drink C. cook D. know the time

53. A. was not there B. was not closed C. was not working D. was working

54. A. nearly 24 B. about 40 C. more than 60 D. over 94

55. A. pans B. beds C. exits D. telephones

V.阅读理解：阅读短文,．然后从每题A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。(15分)

(A)

John sent his mother expensive presents on his mother's birthday every year. He liked to show her how rich he was.

"I must find something wonderful for her, and it must be the only one in the whole world. "John thought.

He advertised (登广告) in the newspapers. " Wanted—the best present for the woman who has everything. "

For many days his telephone did not stop ringing. People phoned him from all over the world. They wanted to sell him "the best present". But they did not have anything that was the only one in the whole world.

Then less than a week before his mother's birthday, a man came to his office. He was carrying a cage, and in the cage there was a large bird.

"This bird, "the man said, "can speak ten languages and sing any pop song. There is no other bird like it in the world. "

"I will listen to it, "John said. "If what you said is true, I will buy the bird from you. "

The man spoke to the bird. "Talk to me in French, " he said. The bird spoke to him in French. "Tell me a joke in Japanese, " he said. The bird told him a joke in Japanese. "Sing a famous pop song, "he said. The bird sang a famous pop song.

"I'll buy it, "John said. "How much do you want?"

"One hundred thousand dollars, "the man said. This was a lot of money but John paid him. Then he sent the bird to his mother with a birthday card.

The day after his mother's birthday he phoned her. "Well, mother, "he said, "Is the bird wonderful?"

"Oh, it was delicious, dear, "she said.

56. Why did John send her mother expensive presents for her birthday every year?

A. Because he loved his mother very much.

B. Because his mother needed these presents.

C. Because he wanted to show he had a lot of money.

D. Because he was the richest man in the world.

57. How did people know John wanted the best present in the world?

A. They rang John up.

B. They knew it from the newspapers.

C. John phoned them one by one.

D. They knew it on TV.

58. When did the man with a bird come to visit John?

A. Two weeks before John's mother's birthday.

B. On John's mother's birthday.

C. About five days before John's mother's birthday.

D. Less than a week after John's mother's birthday.

59. Why did John pay the man a lot of money for the bird?

A. Because it was such a beautiful bird.

B. Because he wanted to help the poor man with the bird.

C. Because the bird could look after his mother.

D. Because John thought the bird could make his mother happy.

60. What does the sentence "It was delicious, "really mean in the story?

A. His mother ate the bird.

B. His mother let the bird fly away.

C. His mother began to learn languages from the bird.

D. His mother thought it was the most expensive present in the world.

(B)

Bamboo (竹子) is one of nature's (自然) most surprising plants. Many people call this plant a tree, but it is a kind of grass.

Like other kinds of grass, a bamboo plant may be cut very low to the ground, but it will grow back very quickly. A Japanese scientist reported one bamboo plant which grew 1. 5 metres(4 feet) in 24 hours! Bamboo grows almost everywhere in the world except Europe. There are more than 1, 000 kinds of bamboo.

Not all bamboo looks the same. Some bamboo plants are very thin. They may only grow to be a few centimetres wide while others may grow to more than 30 centimetres (1 foot) across. This plant also comes in different colours, from yellow to black to green.

Bamboo has been used to make many things such as hats and kitchen tools( 厨房用具). Because it is strong, bamboo is also used to build buildings.

Many Asian countries have used bamboo for hundreds of years. They often use bamboo for buildings and supporting (支撑) new buildings and bridges while they are being built.

In Africa, poor farmers are taught how to find water using bamboo. These African countries need cheap way to find water because they have no money, and their fields often die from no rain and no water. Bamboo pipes( 管子) help poor farmers bring water to their thirsty fields without spending a lot of money.

61. How is bamboo like grass?

A. It grows quickly.

B. It's wood. `

C. it is easy to cut.

D. It is very thin.

62. Though you can see bamboo everywhere, it doesn't grow .

A. in China

B. in Europe

C. on mountains

D. in Africa

63. Why is bamboo used by African poor farmers? Because .

A. it is cheap

B. it has different colours

C. it is strong

D. it has been used by Asians

64. Bamboo pipes can .

A. make money

B. be trees

C. grow quickly

D. carry water

65. In Asia, bamboo has been used for .

A. a short time

B. many thousands of years

C. many hundreds of years

D. about 100 years

(C)

Most people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works(作品) of art made at different times from 1, 500 B. C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world's population is left-handed.

Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person's two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the left hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain (大脑). The right side of the brain, which makes a person's hands and eyes work together, controls(控制) the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists than among people in other jobs.

No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged(损害) when they are born. However, this doesn't happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason (原因) why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene (基因) for right-handedness, he/she may become either right-or left-handed according to the chance (偶然性) and the people they work or live with.

Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don't have to.

66. After studying works of art made at different times in history, the scientists found .

A. the art began from 1, 500

B.

C.

B. the works of art ended in the 1950s

C. most people shown in the works of art are right-handed

D. most people shown in the works of art are left-handed

67. How many people in the world are left-handed now?

A. Less than one sixth.

B. More than a half.

C. About 40%.

D. The passage doesn't tell us.

68. What is the left hand for most people used to do?

A. It's used to find or hold things.

B. It's used to work with things.

C. It's used to make a person's eyes work together.

D. It's the centre for thinking and doing problems.

69. According to (根据) the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed.

B. Left-handedness is cleverer than right-handedness.

C. Today children are not made to use their right hands only.

D. Scientists think there must be some reason why people become left-handed.

70. The best title(标题) for this passage is .

A. Scientists' New Inventions

B. Left-handed People

C. Which Hand

D. Different Brains, Different Hands.

Ⅵ．词形、词类转换：根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。有的需要加助动词或不定式符号。(5分)

71. The (clean) clean the roads early in the morning.

72. Tom was the (five) runner past the finishing line.

73. You'd better (not drink) too much water before you go to bed.

74. The old man looked at them ( angry) and couldn't say a word.

75. The panda has been (die) for about two months.

76. In summer it (rain) little in this city, so everyone must save water.

77. Look! The Greens (get) ready for the journey.

78. So far, most of the children (see) the film "Harry Potter".

79. There (be) a talk on science in our school tomorrow afternoon.

80. I (forget) the time for the meeting, so I was late.

Ⅶ．改写句子：按括号中的要求完成改写后的句子，每空一词。(10分)

81. Alice does the shopping on Sundays. (改为否定句)

Alice the shopping on Sundays.

82. He spent a whole morning cleaning the room. (就划线部分提问)

he cleaning the room?

83. "Did you sleep well last night?"David asked her. (改为复合句，句意不变)

David asked her well last night.

84. The foreigners want to know how they can learn Chinese Kongfu well. (改写句子，句意不变)

The foreigners want to know learn Chinese Kongfu well.

85. There were not any telephone calls made in English between the two countries years ago. (改写句子，句意不变)

the telephone calls in English the two countries years ago.

86. Before talking, he told me his name and I told him my name, (改写句子，句意不变)

We before talking.

Ⅷ．完成句子：根据汉语意思完成英语句子，每空一词。(10分)

87．你认为泉城广场和新建的泉城路怎么样?

do you the Quancheng Square and the new Quancheng Road?

88．嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。

It's not polite to those people in trouble.

89．交警告诉这位司机不要再犯同样的错误。

The traffic policeman told the driver not to any more.

90．学英语最好的方法是尽可能的多说。

The best way to learn English is to speak it .

91．在二十一世纪，那些观念陈旧的人将落后于时代。

In the 21st century, those people old ideas will the times.

92．人世后，中国的发展开始与世界同步。

The development of China and the world started to be after China joined the WTO.

Ⅸ．书面表达(10分)

请根据下面六幅图，以“A Thankful(感激的)Bird”为题，用英语以第三人称的形式写一篇约80个单词的短文。

要求：1．短文内容要符合图画情景：

2．语句通顺、情节连贯、书写工整。

A Thankful Bird

参考答案

一、1.C 2. B 3. A 4.C 5. A 6.C 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. C /2.D /3.B 14. C 15. A 16. C

17. B 18. D 19. B 20. C

二、21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. B

三、26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. A 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A 36. D 37. B 38. D

39. A 40. D 41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. C

四、46. B 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 5/. A 52. B 53

C 54. C 55. D

;

五、56.C 57. B 58. C 59. D 60. A 61. A 62. B 63. A 64. D 65. C 66. C 67. A 68. A

69. B 70. C

六、7/. cleaners 72. fifth 73. not drink 74. angrily 75. dead 76. rains 77. are getting 78. have seen

79. will/is going to be 80. forgot

七、

81. doesn't do 82. How long did, spend 83. if/ whether she slept 84. how to 85. None of, were made, between 86. told each other's names

八、

87. What, think of/about 88. laugh at 89. make the same mistake(s) 90. as much as possible 91. with, be left

behind 92. neck and neck

九、略

听力测试录音稿

A)听录音，在每组句子中选出一你所听到的句子。每个句子读两遍。

1. She flies kites in the park every autumn.

2. Would you like some hot water?

3. What food do you like?

4. Jim couldn't wash himself or get dressed.

5. I've never been to that farm before.

B)在录音中，你将听到五段对话及五个问题。请根据对话

内容及问题选择正确答案。每段对话及问题读两遍。

6. M; Excuse me. What's under the tree?

W; It's Lucy's new bike.

Question: What's under the tree?

7. W: Excuse me. Would you like something to drink something to eat?

M:Well,I'd just like a cup of tea.

Question: What does the man want?

8. W; Which sweater do you like, the blue one or the red one?

M:The red one, please. Question: Which sweater does the man like?

9. M: What time shall we go to the park?

W: What about eight o'clock?

M: But I won't be free until nine.

W: OK. See you then.

Question: What time will they go to the park?

10. W: Your T-shirt is very nice. What's it made of?

M:I think it's made of cotton.

W: Is it made in Shanghai?

M: No,it's made in Jinan.

Question: Where's the man's T-shirt made?

C)在录音中，你将听到一段对话及五个问题。请根据对话内容及问题选择正确答案。对话及问题读两遍。Mum: Hi,Sam! It's eight o'clock now. Get up quickly. It's time for breakfast Mum-.Sandwiches, bread and milk. Sam: Are they chicken sandwiches or vegetable ones?

Mum: Chicken sandwiches. Sam:Great! They're my favourite. Mum: Wash your hands before you eat Sam:OK,Mum. But where's Dad? Mum:He's sleeping. Sam:Why? It's so late now. It's half past eight Dad is too

lazy. Mum: No, Sam. He slept rather late last night because he went to the station to meet his friend. Do not wake him up. Let him sleep a little more. Sam:Ok,Mum.

Questions:

11. Where are Sam and his mother?

12. What's Sam's favourite food?

13. What does Sam's mother ask him to do before eating?

14. What's Sam's Dad doing now?

15. Why did Sam's Dad sleep late last night?

D)在录音中，你将听到一篇短文及五个问题。请根据短文内容及问题选择正确答案。短文及问题读两遍。It was late at night The traffic was usually bad at the moment in the city. Miss Brown wanted to be on time to her friend's house. She was afraid because it was raining, and the traffic in the rain was worse than usual Miss Brown also had bad eyes. She didn' t

think she looked beautiful when she wore glasses, so she didn't wear glasses any more. She was trying to read the road signs, but she could not see them. The first thing she did was that she started to drive slowly. The second thing she did was that she turned on the radio. When she listened to the radio she did not feel afraid or a-lone. The third thing she did was that she went to a hotel and slept She drove to her friend's house the next morning when the traffic was good. The third thing she did was the best idea. She did not want to lose time, but she really wanted to make herself safe.

Questions:

16. what was the weather like that night?

17. Where was Miss Brown going?

18. Why was Miss Brown afraid?

19. What was Miss Brown's first thing to do?

20. Which was Miss Brown's best idea?

2011年山东省济南市中考物理试卷

一、单项选择（共11小题，每题2分，共22分）

14.“朝辞白帝彩云间，千里江陵一日还。两岸猿声啼不住，轻舟已过万重山。”这是唐代诗人李白《早发白帝城》中的诗句。从物理学的角度看，我们说乘船的人是静止的，所选的参照物是 A.彩云 B.两岸 C.轻舟 D.高山

15.在抗洪救险中，解放军战士穿的救生背心，夹层里填充的是泡沫塑料块。这是因为泡沫塑料具有较小的

A.密度

B.弹性

C.硬度

D.导电性

16.2010年上海世博园中，超过一半的照明系统采用了LED 灯。同样的耗电量，LED 灯的发光量可达白炽灯的10倍以上。制作LED 灯的发光二极管主要使用的是

A.复合材料

B.超导材料

C.纳米材料

D.半导体材料

17.下列四幅实验装置图，对发电机的发明有直接影响的是

18.2011年5月22 日，大明湖畔出现“佛山倒影”奇观，图为目击者当时拍下的照片。“佛山倒影”奇观形成的物理学原理是

A.光的直线传播

B.光的反射

C.光的折射

D.光的色散

19.针对前段时间的旱情，我市气象部门多次进行了“人工增雨”作业，效果良好。在空中中喷洒干冰（固态二氧化碳）是“人工增雨”的一种常用方法，喷洒的干冰可以促使空气中的水蒸气变成小冰晶，冰晶下降过程中变成雨滴。在“人工增雨”作业中，空气中的“云”发生的物态变化有

A.凝华和熔化

B.凝华和液化

C.凝固和熔化

D.凝固和液

20.在探究“影响滑轮组机械效率的因素”时，小明同学用图所示甲、乙两个不同的滑轮组来验证的猜想是：滑轮组的机械效率可能与 A.被提升物体的重力有关 B.动滑轮的重力有关 C.物体被提升的高度有关 D.承重绳子的段数有关

21.热气球在空中匀速上升的过程中，它的 A.动能增大，势能不变，机械能增大 B.动能不变，势能减小，机械能减小 C.动能减小，势能增大，机械能不变 D.动能不变，势能增大，机械能增大

A B C

D 甲 乙

22.图所示的电路中，①、②、③是连接在电路中的三只电学仪表；闭合开关S后，灯L1、L2均正常发光。则

A. ①是电流表，②、③是电压表

B. ①、②是电流表，③是电压表

C. ①、③是电流表，②是电压表

D. ②是电流表，①、③是电压表

23.小明将一个西瓜和一个梨子放入水缸中，发现西瓜浮在水面上，而梨子却沉入水底，如图所示。此时西瓜与例子受到的浮力相比较

A.西瓜受到的浮力大

B.梨子受到的浮力大

C.它们受到的浮力一样大

D.无法比较浮力大小

24.豆浆和油条是我国北方居民的传统套餐。众所周知，热豆浆在夏天冷却得较慢，而冬天冷却得较快。提出一个有科学探究意义并且易于操作的问题：

A.液体冷却的快慢跟季节、室温及其质量有什么关系？

B.液体冷却的快慢跟它和环境间的温度差有什么关系？

C.液体冷却的时间跟它和环境间的温度差有什么关系？

D.液体冷却的速度跟它和环境间的温度差有什么关系？

二、多项选择题（本大题共4小题，每小题3分，共12分．每小题给出的四个选项中，至少有两个选项符合题目的要求）

25.下面是与某个初中生相关的一组数据，其中基本符合实际的是

A.身高：160cm

B.体温：37℃

C.密度：1g/cm3

D.提力：2000N

26.关于各种机器工作时能量转化的情况，下列说法正确的是

A.内燃机工作时将内能转化为机械能

B.太阳电池工作时将电能转化为光能

C.发电机工作时将机械能转化为电能

D.电动机工作时将电能转化为机械能

27.随着人们生活水平的不断提高，汽车作为常用的交通工具逐步进入寻常百姓家。有关汽车中各部件的下列说法，正确的是

A.车轮的表面刻有凹凸不平的花纹是为了增大摩擦

B.安全带可以防止紧急刹车时由于惯性造成的伤害

C.普通遥控车钥匙是利用超声波来传递相关信息的

D.汽油机一个工作循环经历四个冲程对外做功一次

28.大明湖扩建、小清河改造、护城河通航、京沪高铁济南西站的建立，极大地提高了我市人民的生活品质，泉城特色也更加突出。关于泉城美景的下列说法，正确的是

A.大明湖畔昼夜温差比市区其他地方小，是因为水的比热容小

B.小清河沿岸花香四溢，是因为分子永不停息地做无规则运动

C.趵突泉通往大明湖的航线上的“船闸”，运用了连通器的原理

D.京沪高铁沿线，靠近居民楼的地方安装围墙是为了减弱噪声

三、解答题（共11小题，满分56分）

29.（4分）图所示为收音机、电视机或MP3播放机上的“音量”或“Volume”旋钮，转动它可以改变这些设备发出的声音的的大小；与这些旋钮联动的电路元件实质是一个。

30.（4分）原子是由原子核和组成的。尽管原子核非常小且十分牢固，但却蕴含着巨大的能量——核能，利用原子核发生时产生的核能来发电是人们和平利用核能的一个重要方向，目前我国利用这一原理已建成并运营的核电站有秦山核电站等六座。

31.（4分）“让我们荡起双桨，小船儿推开波浪，海面倒映着美丽的白塔，四周环绕着绿树红墙，小船轻轻飘荡在水中，迎面吹来了凉爽的风。。。。。。”悠扬的歌声曾经伴随着几代人的成长，这首脍炙人口的歌曲中也蕴含着许多物理知识。请你写出其中的两个：；；

32.（4分）在现代生活和工农业生产中，经

33.（3分）请在图中画出弹簧测力计对石头的拉力的示意图。

34.（3分）一个既能吹出冷风又能吹出热风的电吹风，内部由一根电阻丝，一个电风扇和两个开关组成。为了保护电吹风在正常使用中不被损，设计上不允许电阻丝单独工作。图的方框内已画出了电吹风连接

线的插头部分，请你在图中完成该电吹风的内容电路图（电风扇可用电动机的符号表示）。

35.（8分）小明家的卫生间里安装了一只节能灯、一个换气扇和一个贮水式电热水器，其中电热水器的铭牌如图所示。生活中常见的“不同规格（铅锑合金）熔丝的额定电流与熔断电流”如下表。

几种不同规格（铅锑合金）熔丝的额定电流与熔断电流

直径D/mm 额定电流I额/mm 熔定电流I额/mm 直径D/mm 额定电流I额/mm 熔定电流I额/mm

0.98 5 10 1.51 10 20

1.02 6 12 1.67 11 22

1.25 7.5 15 1.75 1

2.5 25

通过计算回答：

（1）该电热水器正常工作时的电流多大？

（2） 该电热水器正常工作时的电阻为多少欧？

（3） 该电热水器正常工作2min 消耗多少焦的电能？

（4） 若该卫生间内的电路中安装了熔断器，应选用上表中哪种规格的熔丝？简述理由。

36.（8分）小明同学离学校3km ，他上学所用自行车的相关数据如右表所示；小明的质量为54kg ，双脚站立时与地面的接触面积为3×10-2m 2。取g=10N/kg ，通过计

算回答：

（1）若小明骑自行车行驶的速度为5m/s ，他骑车去学校大约

需要多长时间？

（2）小明骑车去学校的路上，车对水平路面的压强多大？

（3）小明步行上学时对水平路面的压强与骑车上学时车对路面的压强相比，哪个大？

37.（6分）物理课上，老师给大家做了如图所示的两个实验，要求大家根据实验中看到的现象提出一个问题。

（1）经过讨论，大家提出的问题是：同一道题中电流的大小跟它们两端的 有什么关系？

（2）为了探究这一问题，各小组都选择了如图所示的各种实验器材。其中，小刚组的同学连接的部分实验电路如图所示，请你用笔画代替导线帮他们完成电路的连接。

（3）检查电路连接无误后，各组同学开始实验。小刚组和小强组记录的实验数据分别见表一和表二。

表一 表二

这两个小组的同学对实验数据进行分析后，得到了相同的实验结论。他们的实验结论是： 。

（4）尽管这两个小组的同学得到了相同的实验结论，小强还是发现了两组数据之间的不同。进而提出了一个新的问题：电压相同时，电流与电阻之间存在着怎样的关系呢？

为了尽快解决这一问题，他们应采取的方法是 。 38.（6分）小军和小民班的同学在老师的指导下，用图甲所示的装置“探究凸透镜成像的规律”。

（1）开始时，小军和小敏先用眼睛来观察一下凸透镜成像的各种情况，于是，他们先把凸透镜固定在光具座上10cm 处，小军负责将蜡烛从透镜一侧50cm 处逐渐向透镜靠近，小明从另一侧透过透镜观察烛焰，并按观察到的像的大小进行编号，然后整理记录观察到的几个像的情况入图乙所示。小军想知道观察到的各个像的先后顺序，小民有些已记不清楚。请你帮他列出来： 。

自行车重 180N

车轮直径 0.61m

行驶时轮胎与地面接触总面积 1×10-2m 2

轮胎承受的最大压强 1.2×105Pa 电阻R =5Ω

电压U /V 1 2 3

电压I /A 0.21 0.39 0.59 电阻R =10Ω 电压U /V 1 2 3 电压I /A 0.09 0.21 0.31 +

+

1 2 3 4 5 6 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50

（2）观察完毕，小军和小民进入深入的研究。他们按照图甲所示安装各种器材后，点燃蜡烛，不断改变蜡烛和光屏的位置，但无论如何沿光具座移动蜡烛和光屏，在光屏上始终找不到烛焰的像。出现这一现象的原因是。

（3）解决了上述问题后，作为摄影爱好者的小敏同学决定重点探究凸透镜成缩小实像的条件，他和小军依次选取了物距为50cm、40cm、30cm、20cm的几种情况记录下相关实验数据和观察到的成像情况如下表。

探究实验记录表（凸透镜焦距f=10cm）

实验次

物距u/cm像的放大或缩小像的正立或倒立像的虚实像距v/cm

数

1 50 缩小倒立实像12.5

2 40 缩小倒立实像13.4

3 30 缩小倒立实像15.1

4 20 放大倒立实像20.3

他们在分析了上述实验数据后，得出的实验结论是：当物体位于凸透镜三倍焦距以外时，成缩小、道理的实像。

请就小民和小军的这一探究过程和实验结论发表你的见解和建议。

。

39.（6分）牛顿第一定律是在大量经验事实的基础上，通过推理抽象概括出来的。

（1）这里所说的“大量经验事实”指的是：以一定初速度沿水平面滑行的滑块，受到的摩擦力越小，它停止运动前滑行的距离就越；通过的“推理”是：如果受到的摩擦力减小到零，物体将保持这一初速度做，进而“抽象概括”出牛顿第一定律。

（2）在大量经验事实的基础上，通过推理抽象概括出规律是一种重要的思想方法，可以深刻的揭示出物理想像的本质。当年，牛顿还曾用这一方法研究过另一个问题：

牛顿注意到：人们沿水平方向抛出去的石块，运动一段距离后会落回地面；沿水平方向抛石块的力越大，石块的落地点就会越远，他想，如果使用一门大炮用非常非常大的力沿水平方向将石块抛出，会怎样呢？考虑到地球是圆的，于是他做出了一个大胆的推理：石块将会。（友情提示：你可以画个图来帮助思考！）

现在牛顿通过推理得出的这个结论已经变成了现实，这就是在现代通信等领域大显身手的。

2011济南中考物理试题（物理部分）答案

单项选择

14—24

CADBB ADDCA C

多项选择

25.ABC26.ACD27.ABD28.BCD

填空题

29响度、变阻器30、核外电子、裂变。31杠杆原理；力的作用是相互的；里的效果可以改变物体的形状；平面镜成像或光的反射、相对运动；空气流动加快了汗液蒸发等。填两项即可32欧姆、电阻。

作图题

33、34、

计算题

35?6.8A?32.3?1.8×104J?

36?600S?7.2×104Pa?3.6×104Pa

实验题

37?电压?

?电流一定时，导体中的电流与两端的电压成正比。?因两实验小组所用电阻不同，比较相同点压下的电流即可

38?123564?烛焰、凸透镜、光屏的中心不在一条直线上。?实验数据太少、收集证据不足39?远、匀速直线运动。?落不到地面上、永远绕地球转动、人造卫星。

济南市2011年初三年级学业水平考试

化学试题

第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共60分）

一、单项选择题（本大题包括24小题，每小题2分，共48分。每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选

项最符合题目的要求）

相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 S 32 Cl 35.5

K 39 Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64 Zn 65 Ag 108 Ba 137 1．下列变化中，属于化学变化的是

A ．木炭燃烧

B ．切割金属

C ．滴水成冰

D ．汽油挥发 2．泉城济南，山清水秀，保护环境，人人有责。下列做法中，不．利于．．环境保护的是 A ．工业废水处理达标后排放 B ．严禁麦收后焚烧小麦秸秆 C ．生活垃圾分类处理 D ．欢度春节时大量燃放烟花爆竹 3．饮食健康是大家比较关心的话题。下列做法中，对人体无害．．的是 A ．肉类制品添加大量的防腐剂 B ．煲汤时放入适量的加碘盐 C ．种植蔬菜喷洒剧毒农药杀虫 D ．生产豆芽时加入高效增白剂 4．下列结构示意图表示的原子中，最易形成阳离子的是

5．化学实验是进行科学探究的重要途径。下列实验操作中，符合操作规范的是

A ．用燃着的酒精灯引燃另一只酒精灯

B ．直接把鼻孔凑到试剂瓶口闻浓盐酸的气味

C ．用手拿着试管放在酒精灯上加热

D ．在点燃氢气之前先检验氢气的纯度

6．化学与生产、生活、社会发展紧密相连。下列说法中，不正确．．．的是 A ．使用可降解塑料代替普通塑料，可减轻白色污染 B ．健身器材表面涂刷油漆，可防止生锈

C ．用乙醇汽油代替含铅汽油做燃料，有利于环境保护

D ．在室内点煤炉，放一盆水可防止煤气中毒

7．通过微观分析来解释宏观现象是化学学科的特点。下列有关说法中，错误．．的是 A ．水发生分解反应是破坏旧分子、形成新分子的变化 B ．在化学反应中，分子可分，原子也可分 C ．分子、原子、离子都是构成物质的一种微粒 D ．复分解反应的实质是参加反应的物质间的离子交换

8．交警常用“酒精检测仪”检查司机是否饮酒，其检测原理是让司机呼出气体中的酒精与检测仪中的物

2 ＋17 7

8 D ． 2 1 8 C ． ＋11 2 4 A ． ＋6 2 6 B ． ＋8

质发生化学反应：C 2H 5OH + 4CrO 3+ 6H 2SO 4= x Cr 2(SO 4)3 +2CO 2↑ + 9H 2O ，其中x 数值和三氧化铬（CrO 3）中铬元素的化合价分别是 A ．2 ，+3 B ．4 ，+3 C ．2 ，+6

D ．4 ，+6

9．三瓶失去标签的无色溶液，已知分别是H 2SO 4溶液、Ba(OH)2溶液、KCl 溶液中的各一种。下列四种试剂中，能将上述三种无色溶液一次鉴别出来的是 A ．Na 2CO 3溶液 B ．NaOH 溶液 C ．CaCl 2溶液

D ．酚酞试液

10．除去下列各物质中混有的少量杂质，所用试剂和操作方法均正确的是

序号 物质 杂质 所用试剂和操作方法

A H 2

HCl 通过足量的NaOH 溶液，干燥 B Na 2CO 3溶液 Na 2SO 4 加入过量的Ba(NO 3)2溶液，过滤 C NaCl 固体 细沙 加入足量的水，过滤 D

铁粉

Fe 2O 3

加入适量的稀盐酸，过滤

11．甲、乙两种不含结晶水的固体物质的溶解度曲线如图所示。

根据图示判断，下列有关说法中，不正确．．．的是 A ．甲、乙两物质的溶解度都随温度的升高而增大 B ．在t 1℃时，甲、乙两物质饱和溶液溶质的质量分数相等 C ．将t 1℃时甲的饱和溶液升温（溶剂不蒸发），溶液浓度增大 D ．当甲物质中含有少量乙时，可用冷却热饱和溶液的方法提纯甲 12．将一定质量的铁粉和银粉的混合物加入Cu(NO 3)2的溶液中，反应结束后，过滤。下列对滤渣成分的

说明中，正确的是

A ．滤渣中一定有单质铁

B ．滤渣中一定有单质铁和单质铜

C ．滤渣中一定有单质铜和单质银

D ．滤渣中一定有单质铁和单质银

13．在一硬质玻璃管中盛放着8g Fe 2O 3，通入CO 气体高温加热一段时间，冷却后，测得玻璃管内固体

物质减少了1.2g ，则此时玻璃管内固体物质中铁元素的质量为下列的在 A ．6.8g

B ．5.6g

C ．2.8g

D ．1.2g

第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共90分）

三、非选择题（本大题包括24小题，共90分）

【化学部分】

相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24 S 32 Cl 35.5

K 39 Ca 40 Fe 56 Cu 64 Zn 65 Ag 108 Ba 137 得 分 评卷人

甲

乙

t 1

t 2

温度／℃

溶解度

/g

40．（4分）按照要求从氢氧化镁、铜、氧化钙、碳酸钠、氧气中选择合适的物质，将其化学式．．．

填入空格中。

（1）一种非金属单质： ；（2）一种金属氧化物： ；

（3）一种难溶的碱： ；（4）一种可溶的盐： 。

41．（4分）国家卫生部规定：自2011年5月1日起，室内公共场所禁止吸烟。香烟产生的烟雾中主要含有一氧化碳、尼古丁和焦油，这三种物质被称为香烟三大杀手。试回

答下列问题：

（1）在一氧化碳、尼古丁和焦油三种物质中属于无机物的是 。

（2）尼古丁的化学式为C 10H 14N 2，该物质的一个分子中C 、H 、N 三种原子的个数之比为 （填最简整数比）。

（3）尼古丁中，CN 两种元素的质量比为 （填最简整数比）。 （4）下列说法中，不正确．．．的是 （填写下列各项的序号）。 ①吸烟会产生依赖性 ②焦油能诱发细胞病变 ③被动吸烟无害 ④生活中应远离有毒物质 42．（4分）硫元素和人类的生存与发展联系密切，在战国时期，我国的炼丹家们就开始了对硫单质及含硫化合物的研究和应用。下图是硫及其化合物的转化流程：

（1）上述A 、B 、C 、D 四种物质中，硫元素化合价为零的物质是 。 （2）请写出B →C 的化学方程式： 。

（3）硫酸具有强烈的腐蚀性，如果不慎粘在皮肤上应立即用： ，然后涂上3%~5%的碳酸氢钠溶液，必要时再到医院治疗。

（4）煤和石油中都含有硫元素，它们燃烧的废气中含有硫的氧化物，硫的氧化物与水及氧气反应会导致硫酸型酸雨的形成。下列各项中，不利于．．．减少酸雨危害的是 。 ①减少汽车尾气排放 ②开发利用风能、太阳能 ③增加燃煤用量 ④工业废气达标排放 43．（4分）我们的祖先很早就掌握了用孔雀石（主要成分是Cu 2(OH)2CO 3）和木炭一起加热进行火法炼铜的工艺，在300多年前的商代就制作出

“后母戊

鼎”（如图）等许多精美的青铜器。有关的化学反应是： ① Cu 2(OH)2CO 3△

2CuO+ CO 2↑+ H 2O ②2CuO+ C △

2Cu+ CO 2↑ 在西汉时期就开始了湿法炼铜的应用，当时刘安所著的《淮安万毕术》中，

就有“曾青得铁化为铜”的记载。试回答下列问题：

（1）上述反应①属于 反应（填“化合”“分解”“置换”“复分解”之一）。 （2）青铜属于 （填“氧化物”“单质”“化合物”“合金”之一）。

得 分 评卷人

得 分 评卷人

得 分 评卷人

A 氧气 点燃 S

H 2SO 4 水

SO 3

氧气 催化剂 SO 2 B C D

（3）单质铁的金属活动性 单质铜的金属活动性（填“大于”“等于”“ 小于”之一）。 （4）以“绿色化学”的观点，对照火法炼铜，谈谈湿法炼铜的优点： 。 44．（6分）如图所示为实验室中常见的气体制备、净化、收集和性质实验的部分仪器。试根据题目要求，回答下列问题：

（1）以石灰石和稀盐酸为原料制取并收集干燥．．、纯净．．．的二氧化碳气体。（提示：盐酸中会发出的少量HCl 气体可用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液吸收）

①所选仪器的连接顺序为 (填写仪器序号字母)。 ②生成二氧化碳时，所发生反应的化学方程式为 。 （2）为探究二氧化碳的性质，进行如下实验。

①将二氧化碳通入水中，用pH 试纸粗略测定二氧化碳水溶液的酸碱性强弱，请简述测定方法： 。

②将二氧化碳通入氢氧化钠溶液中，并无明显反应现象。欲用化学方法证明CO 2和NaOH 溶液确实发生了化学反应，请从NaCl 溶液、CaCl 2溶液、稀硫酸三种试剂中选用一种试剂进行实验，简述证明的理由：

。

③将少量的CO 2气体通入盛有大量澄清Ca(OH)2溶液的大烧杯中，烧杯中溶液的质量与之前相比会 （填写下列各项序号）。

A.增大

B.减小

C.不变

D.无法判断

45．（6分）有某种固体混合物，已知该混合物种可能含有FeCl 3、Na 2SO 4、NH 4NO 3、CuSO 4

四种物质中的两种或多种。按下图所示进行实验，出现的现象如图

中所述（设过程中所有发生的反应都恰好完全反应．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．）。

得 分 评卷人

得 分 评卷人 E A

B

浓

硫酸

C 饱

和碳酸氢钠溶液

D 澄清石灰水

F