2007年考研英语真题及答案
2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C，and D on ANSWER SHEET 1 （10 points）
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism，many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideas of representative government，careers 4 to talent，freedom of commerce and trade，the 5 to private property，and a belief in the individual as the basis of society，6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states，large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.
On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church，9 ，there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown，12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states，some sought to end the 14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.
The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian，valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain's 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19 Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.
1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples [D] individuals
2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly [D] hopefully
3. [A] shared[B] forgot [C] attained [D] rejected
4. [A] related[B] close [C] open [D] devoted
5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return
6. [A] Presumably [B] Incidentally [C] Obviously[D] Generally
7. [A] unique[B] common [C] particular[D] typical
8. [A] freedom [B] origin[C] impact[D] reform
9. [A] therefore[B] however [C] indeed[D] moreover
10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by
11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted [D] funded
12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While
13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against
14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion [D] influence
15. [A] support[B] cry [C] plea[D] wish
16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised
17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original
18. [A] slower [B] faster [C] easier [D] tougher
19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed [D] preferred
20. [A] puzzled by [B] hostile to [C] pessimistic about [D] unprepared fo
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosi ng A，B，C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）
Text 1
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk elite soccer later months. If yo u then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professi onal ranks，you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
What might account for this strange phenomenon？Here are a few guesses：a）certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. b）winter-born bathes tend to have higher oxygen capacity which increases soccer stamina. c）soccer mad parents are more likely t o conceive children in springtime at the annual peak of soccer mania. d）none of the ab ove.
Anders Ericsson，a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University，says h e believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden，and studied nu clear engineering until he realized he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment nearly years ago，in volved memory：training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject. after about 20 hours of training his digit span had risen from 7 to 20，” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving，and after about 200 hours of training he h ad risen to over 80 numbers.”
This success coupled with later research showing that memory itself as not genetically det ermined，led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exe rcise than an intuitive one. In other words，whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize those differences are swamped by how well each per son “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information mea ningfully，Ericsson determined，was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather，it involves setting specific go als，obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcom e.
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits，including soccer. They gather all the data they can，not just predominance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own lavatory experiments w ith high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion：the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or，put another way，expert performers whether in mem ory or surgery，ballet or computer programming are nearly always made，not born.
[410 words]
21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what males expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
22. The word “mania” （Line 4，Paragraph 2）most probably means
[A] fun.
[B] craze.
[C] hysteria.
[D] excitement.
23. According to Ericsson good memory
[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.
[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.
[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.
[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.
24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that
[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.
[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.
[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.
[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.
25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey？
[A] “Faith will move mountains.”
[B] “One reaps what one sows.”
[C] “Practice makes perfect.”
[D] “Like father，like son”
Text 2
For the past several years，the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant，who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old；that gave her an I Q of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies，to envision paper after it has been folded and cut，and to deduce numerical sequences，among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields su ch queries from the average Joe （whose IQ is 100）as，What's the difference between love and fondness？Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence？It's not obvious ho w the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answe r questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
Clearly，intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it m eans to be smart？How much of intelligence can be specified，and how much can we l earn about it from neurology，genetics，computer science and other fields？
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score，even t hough IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in tw o forms：the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales （bot h come in adult and children's version）。Generally costing several hundred dollars，th ey are usually given only by psychologists，although variations of them populate booksto res and the World Wide Web. Superhigh sco res like vos Savant’s are no longer possibl e，because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peck s，rather tan simply dividing the mental are by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests，such as the Scholastic Assessment Test （SAT）and the Graduate Record Exam （GRE），capture the main aspects of IQ tests.
Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succe ed in school and in life，argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is In telligence Testing？”。Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verb al skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge，components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover，IQ tests do not necessarily predict so we ll once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership s ills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions，but under high-stress conditio ns. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is it predicted the opposite. Anyone who bas toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters，whether it‘s k nowing when to guess or what questions of skip.
[451 words]
26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test？
[A] Answering philosophical questions.
[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.
[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.
[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.
27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3？
[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.
[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.
[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.
[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.
28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's becau se
[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.
[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.
[C] vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.
[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.
29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that
[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability
[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.
[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.
[D] traditional tests are out of date.
30. What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests？
[A] Supportive.
[B] Skeptical.
[C] Impartial.
[D] Biased
Text 3
During the past generation，the American middle-class family that once could count
on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by eco nomic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip，a bad diagnosis. or a disappearing spous e can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
In just one generation，millions of mothers have gone to work，transforming basi c family economics. Scholars，policymakers，and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes，but few have looked at the side effect family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setbac k- a back-up earner （usually Mom）who could go into the workforce if the primary ea rner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offe red by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today，a disruption to family fortunes can not longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.
During the same period，families have been asked to absorb much more risk in th eir retirement income. Steelworkers，airline employees，and now those in the auto indu stry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates，stock market fl uctuation，and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model，with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depe nding on investment returns. For younger families，the picture is not any better. Both th e absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly f ashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers，with much higher deductibles and a large new does of investment risk for families‘ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family，as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and all the attendant need for physical and financial as sistance have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
From the middle-class family perspective，much of this，understandably，looks f ar less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility，and a good deal mo
re like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun，and the political fallout may no t be far behind.
[421 words]
31. Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk in that
[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.
[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.
[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.
[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.
32. As a result of President Bush's reform，retired people may have
[A] a higher sense of security.
[B] less secured payments.
[C] less chance to invest.
[D] a guaranteed future.
33. According go the author，health-savings plans will
[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.
[B] popularize among the middle class.
[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.
[D] increase the families investment risk.
34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.
[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.
[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.
[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.
35. Which of the following is the best title for this text？
[A] The Middle Class on the Alert
[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff
[C] The Middle Class in Conflict
[D] The Middle Class in Ruins
Text 4
It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their w orst accounting and compliance troubles，and improved their feeble corporation governanc e，a new problem threatens to earn them- especially in America-the sort of nasty headlin es that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite：data insecurity. Left，unti l now，to odd，low-level IT staff to put right，and seen as a concern only of data-ric h industries such as banking，telecoms and air travel，information protection is now hig h on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year- from organizatio ns as diverse as Time Warner，the American defense contractor Science Applications Int ernational Corp and even the University of California. Berkeley-have left managers hurried ly peering into their intricate 11 systems and business processes in search of potential vul nerabilities.
“Data is becoming an asset which needs no be guarded as much as any other asse t.” says I am Mendelson of Stanford University's business school “The ability guard custo mer data is the key to market value，which the board is responsible for on behalf of sh areholders” Indeed，just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Princi ples （GAAP）. perhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted Security Practices，su ggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investme nt level for security，redundancy，and recovery is a management issue，not a technica l one.” he says.
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest exccutive that trust，that most valuable of economic assets，is
easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to de stroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged-though not justified-by the la ck of legal penalty （in America，but not Europe）for data leakage. Until California re cently passed a law. American firms did not have to tell anyone，even the victim，whe n data went astray，I hat may change fast lots of proposed data-security legislation now doing the rounds in Washington. D.C. Meanwhile. the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America，disclosed on June 17th. overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission （FTC）that pu ts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate da ta security.
[416 words]
36. The statement：“It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce
[A] the fierce business competition.
[B] the feeble boss-board relations
[C] the threat from news reports.
[D] the severity of data leakage.
37. According to Paragraph 2，some organizations check their systems to find out
[A] whether there is any weak point.
[B] what sort of data has been stolen.
[C] who is responsible for the leakage.
[D] how the potential spies can be located.
38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that
[A] shareholders interests should be properly attended to.
[B] information protection should be given due attention.
[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.
[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.
39. According to Paragraph 4，what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to
[A] see the link between trust and data protection.
[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.
[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.
[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.
40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that
[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.
[B] FTC's decision is essential to data security.
[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.
[D] legal penalty is a major Solomon to data leakage.
Part B
Directions：
You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A——G tha t best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text （41——45）。The first and l ast paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do no t need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
A. Set a Good Example for Your Kids
B. Build Your Kid's Work Skills
C. Place Time Limits on Leisure Activities
D. Talk about the Future on a Regular Basis
E. Help Kids Develop Coping Strategies
F. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are
G. Build Your Kids Sense of Responsibility
How Can a Parent Help？
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for the ir kids. Even if a job's starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult's need for rapid content，the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the st art-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures，drawn from my book Rea dy or Not，Here Life Comes，that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life u nread ness”。
41.
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emergin g strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficu lty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.
42.
Kids need a range of authentic role models-as opposed to members of their clique, p op stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the famil y knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They ca n change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little g ood.
43.
Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn；parents should e responsibl e for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job Kids need plent y of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as m anaging time and setting priorities.
45.
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. T hey should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm an d think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wand ering aimlessly through early adulthood？Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult （as na？ve or ill conceived as it may seem）while becoming a partner i n exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must fell that they are re spected and supported by a family that appreciates them.
Part C
Directions：
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chi nese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）
The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of underg raduate programs in Canadian universities. （46）Traditionally, legal learning has been vi ewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers rather than a necessary part o
f the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continenta l view of legal education is establishin
g itself in a number of Canadian universities and s ome have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general ed ucation, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a dis cipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. （47）On the other, it links th ese concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists for ge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evi dence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalisti
c judgment an
d production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing an
d reflecting on law is a desirabl
e component o
f a journalist's intellectual preparation for hi s or her career.
（48）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly tha n an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, i s a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state wo rks, the better their reporting will be. （49）In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear preps of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.
Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subje cts for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue r eliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. （50）While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journal ists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These ca n only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.
Section III Writing
Part A
51. Directions：
Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its servic e.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. （10 points）
Part B
52. Directions：
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, yo u should
1）describe the drawing briefly,
2）explain its intended meaning, and then
3）support your view with an example/ examples.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）
2007年参考答案
Section I Use of English
1.B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. D
7. C
8. C
9. B 10. C
11. C 12. D 13.A 14. D 15. C 16. D 17.B 18. D 19. C 20.D
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
21.C 22.B 23.D 24.D 25.C 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.A 30.B 31.C 32.B 33.D 34.C 35.B 3 6.D 37.A 38.B 39.A 40.D
Part B
41.F 42.D 43.B 44.C 45.E
Part C
46、一直以来，在这些大学里，法律知识的学习看作是律师的专属，而不是受教育人士必备知识的一部分。
47、另一方面，以类似记者在每天采访和评论新闻时炮制联系的方式，法律把这些概念（公正、民主和自由）和日常实践联系在一起。
48、但是，记者必须比普通公民更为深刻地理解法律，这种说法是基于对新闻媒体的既定常规和特殊职责的理解。
49、事实上，我们很难想象，对加拿大宪法的基本特征缺乏清楚把握的记者如何能胜任政治方面的报道。
50、尽管律师的意见和态度可能会增加报道的深度，但记者最好还是应该依靠自己的理解并做出自己的判断。
Writing
January 20th, 2007 Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m a student in the university and a loyal reader of this library. I’m writing to tell some of my ideas, which I hope to be helpful for you.
I notice that many magazines in our library are out of date. It would be beneficial t o us students if they could be updated in time. And I suggest introducing some new jour nals so as to bring new fresh air to the library. Furthermore, since we have a huge numb er of books, it is not easy to find the right one easily. However, if we can introduce so me new searching means, such as implementing new information management system that would be useful.
Thank you for taking time reading this letter and I’m looking forward to seeing som e new changes soon.
Sincerely Yours,
Li Ming
As can be seen from the cartoon, different ideas may come from the same thing. In the picture, while trying to catch the upcoming soccer, the goal-keeper says to himself w hy it is so big. And, the striker simply thinks in a different way, that is why it is so sm all?!
What makes such a big contrary on the same tournament at the same moment? It is no doubt that they are facing the very same goal and experiencing the very same momen t. However, the subjective views result in different impression on the same object. Many of us may still remember the story of a pony crossing the river, which we learned from t he textbook in primary school. The squirrel tells him, the river is deep; and the cow tells him, the river is not deep at all. However, in the end, he tells himself a third answer. Th erefore, it is not exaggerating to say that most of us are looking into the world with pers onal ideas. Subjective mental status may result in a really big difference in personal view s, just like the goal-keeper and the striker in the drawing.
A possible solution might be to face any situation as objectively as possible. If we r ealize this in an objective way, it would be good for us to deal with what we encounter in life, especially when we are in setbacks or facing difficulties.