考研英语 独立主格结构

Nominative Absolute

独立主格结构

独立主格结构指带主语的动词分词、介词、或副词词组。何谓独立主格结构？

它是指与主语之间无任何语法关系的名词或代词加上一个分词的结构。它不修饰单个的词，而修饰整个句子。独立主格结构可位于句子的任何部位。它构成一个单独实体，并具有如下两种功能：(1) 解释原因或情景 (2) 提供主句中重点部分的相关细节。

例Freud distinguished three kinds of anxiety, each arising from a different source of perceived danger.

"each"是独立主格结构，"arising from"是动词短语。注意这个独立主格结构是一个"干巴巴"的句子。通过改变动词形式，它的面貌可焕然一新：Each arises from a different source of perceived danger.

再看以下例句

Before: His nose was running and his hands were shaking. He left the theater like that.

Interesting: His nose running and his hands shaking, he left the theater.

Before: He is known for his bad temper, so I fear the encounter.

Interesting: I fear the encounter, his temper being what it is.

Plain: If the weather is favorable tomorrow, we will spend the entire day climbing Huang Shan.

Good: Weather permitting, we will spend the entire day tomorrow climbing Huang Shan.

Plain: Let's pray that the Southeast Asian economy will soon return to normal. Good: The Southeast Asian economy, God willing, will soon return to normal. Plain: Early radio reports exaggerated the success of the raid on the Embassy.

Some even indicated that the Vietcong had occupied several floors of the

building.

Better: Early radio reports exaggerated the success of the raid on the Embassy, some even indicating that the Vietcong had occupied several floors of the

building.

Plain: Even though the drug controversy was still festering around him, in the end, defending Australian Open champion Petr Korda walked away with a salute

to a cheering crowd.

Better: In the end, defending Australian Open champion Petr Korda, the drug controversy around him still festering, walked away with a salute to a

cheering crowd.

有些短语在语法上可与它所在句中的其它成分分离。这种结构不修饰句子的任何一个

词，而修饰句子的整体意思。

分词连同它所修饰的名词或代词可构成独立主格结构。同位语和插入语有时也被认为是独立主格结构

有用句型

During the early years of the Cultural Revolution, dried mushrooms on dinner tables were an unheard-of luxury, and pork chops unthinkable.

We see Van Gogh in the role of prophet in "Self Portrait," his emaciated, luminous head with its burning eyes set off against a whirlpool of darkness.

Professor Wang's handwriting was precise, fussy, spidery, his notepad pale mauve.

(主语+系动词+形容词, +独立主格结构<主语+形容词>)

3高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构

高中英语语法通霸3： 独立主格结构和with的复合结构 考点1.独立主格结构的构成 A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语 前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 错误！未定义书签。错误！未找到引用源。）。 His homework was finished, he went out to play.× 这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。上句可以变为： His homework finished, he went out to play. 这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。 破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。 练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。 1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home. 2.He arrived at home. His face was red. 3.My homework was finished. I went out to play football with my friends. 4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me. 5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done. 6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home. B.独立主格结构的构成 ①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系） Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityou tomorrow. ②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系） The test finished, we began our holiday. ③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来） He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. ④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit. ⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with cold. ⑥名词(代词) +介词短语 Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm. ⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子： ①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving. （前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving. (前面粗体部分是独立主格结构) 可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。但是作定语时，常用with的复合结构。 The woman with a baby on her back is my aunt. 背上背孩子的那个女的是我阿姨。 在独立主格结构中，当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均可以不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。 但 with 的复合结构不受限制。 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. A policeman ran after him, with a stick in his hand. 1.With a lot of difficult problems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settledB. settling C. to settle D. being settled 2.With all the magazines I needed ______, I left the post office. A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought 3.With electricity ______, we couldn’t drive the machine. A. was cut off B. being cut off C. cut off D. having cut off 4.Everything ______ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking 5.______ more and more forests damaged, some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out. A. AsB. ForC. WithD. By 6.【2010山东】The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked. A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid 7.Many students ______ around, I explained the story into details. A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing 8.【2012辽宁】The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ______ them. A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows 9.Tom looked at Jenny, tears ______ his eyes, and shouted the words ______ in his heart for years. A. filling; having been hidden B. filled; hidden C. filling; hidden D. filled; hiding 10.With the boy ______ the way, we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to ZhongshanPark. A. leading; finding; leading B. to lead; found; to lead C. led; finding; led D. leading; found; led 11.______, he had to stay at home q329950885 looking after her. A. Being ill B. His wife was ill C. His wife being ill D. Because he was ill 12.______,John returned to school from his hometown. A. The summer vacation being over B. The summer

独立主格结构+英语句子结构.docx

独立主格结构 独立主格结构（ Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动 词(不定式、动名词和分词 )或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 详细概述 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主 语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用V-ing ， 被动用 V-ed 。 非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的代词又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。独“ 立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。 功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、 条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home.开完会后我们都回家了。 Her work done , she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 表示条件

The condition being favourable, he may succeed.若条件有利，他或许能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxes, we had to walk.没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care,the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors,silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 用法 独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home.工作完成后，我们就回家了。 用作条件状语 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。

高中英语语法(8)-独立主格结构

第八章独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。（such an able man和to help you 之间存在着主谓关系） = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后，他母亲开始给他讲故事。（seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he，注意是“主格”） = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙，他只好步行去学校。（lost 的逻辑主语是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost） = Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school. A．不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。 1．动词不定式用主动的形式 在独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner. 他母亲今晚要来,他正在忙着准备饭菜。（= As his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.） ——will you go to the comcert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗？ ——sorry.So many exerise-books to check,I rially can't afford any time. 对不起，有这多的作业要批，我真的抽不出时间。 （＝Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight,I really can't afford any time.） The four of us agreed on a division of labour,each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 （＝The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树，花和草后，我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.) B．-ing形式“独立主格结构”

20XX独立主格结构英语句子结构

独立主格结构 独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是或者代词，后一部分是非(不定式、动名词和)或形容词、、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子xx状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 详细概述 非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立结构”。其中，非谓语动词主动用V-ing，被动用V-ed。 非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语，逻辑主语的又是主格，故常称为“独立主格”。“独立结构”在句中起状语作用，相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。 功能 独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中，其作用相当于一个，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。例如： 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。表示条件 The condition being favourable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许

能成功。 表示原因 There being no taxes, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 1 / 15 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) 用法 独立主格结构主要表示发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 用作时间状语 The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作 完成后，我们就回家了。 用作条件状语 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次xx小游。

英语中的比较结构1

比较结构 3-2：as...as one can=as...as possible as...as one can尽可能地…… =as...as possible 1．造句方法 (l)先造一个含有形容词或副词的句子 例：You must study hard. （你一定要用功。） He remained quiet. （他保持沉默。） (2)在hard或quiet之前置入第一个as (adv.一样地) 即：You must study as hard. He remained as quiet. (3)句尾添入as one (you,he...) can或possible,即告完成即：You must study as hard (as you can./as possible.) （你要尽可能地用功。） He remained as quiet (as he could./as possible.) （他尽可能地保持安静。）

2．理论基础 (1)as one can之后省略了与前面主句中相同的谓语部分，以避免累赘 例：You must study as hard as you can study hard. ---- You must study as hard as you can. He remained as quiet as he could remain quiet. ---- He remained as quiet as he could. (2)as possible系为as it is (was) possible简化而成，it是代词，代替前面相同的谓语部分 例：You must study as hard as it is possible. = You must study as hard as studying hard is possible. He remained as quiet as it was possible. = He remaind as quiet as remaining quiet was possible. 由于as it is possible经常使用的关系，已演变成将it is省略而形成as possible的短语。即：You must study as hard as possible. He remained as quiet as possible. 比较结构 3-5：as...as ever lived

高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结构.doc

2019高考英语语法：withwithout引导的独立主格结 构 withwithout 引导的独立主格结构 介词withwithout +宾语+宾语的补足语可以构成独立主格结构，上面讨论过的独立主格结构的几种情况在此结构中都能体现。 A.with+名词代词+形容词 He doesn誸like to sleep with the windows open. 他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。 = He doesn誸like to sleep when the windows are open. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. 他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。 = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. 注意： 在”with+名词代词+形容词”构成的独立主格结构中，也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式。 With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐。 With his father well-known, the boy didn誸want to study. 父亲如此出名，儿子不想读书。 B.with+名词代词+副词 Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on. 所有的灯都打开时，我们的学校看上去更美。

= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on. The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前，小孩在后走着。 = The boy was walking and his father was ahead. C.with+名词代词+介词短语 He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.或 He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。 = He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand. Vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth.或 Vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth. 文森特坐在课桌前，嘴里衔着一支笔。 = Vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth. D.with+名词代词+动词的-ed形式 With his homework done, Peter went out to play. 作业做好了，彼得出去玩了。 = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play. With the signal given, the train started. 信号发出了，火车开始起动了。 = After the signal was given, the train started. I wouldn誸dare go home without the job finished. 工作还没完成，我不敢回家。

5种基本句型和独立主格结构讲解

英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1：Subject (主语) ＋Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3）Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋Link. V(系动词) ＋Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如： 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋V erb (谓语) ＋Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例： 1) He took his bag and left.（名词）他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式）她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。 四、句型4：Subject(主语)＋Verb(谓语)＋Indirect object(间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如： 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2）The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为： 1）Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2）The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5：Subject(主语)＋Verb (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语＋补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： 1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词） 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

英语语法比较结构

知识模块12：比较结构<标准文本> 【考点概述】 比较结构是英语学习的一个难点，也是考研英语的易考点。该模块的学习重点是理清比较对象之间的关系，同时，这也是比较结构学习的一个难点。除此之外，还要把握住特殊形式的比较词，比如not so much…as…和no more…than…。 【考情分析】 在完型填空中，往往会就比较结构中的形容词、副词以及比较结构设置考点，解答此类题的关键是把握清楚比较结构中比较对象的关系并依托上下文语境，填入正确的词汇。 在阅读理解中，比较结构出现的频次很高，解答重点主要在于弄清比较对象，以及比较对象之间的比较关系，也就是分清楚作者对于比较对象之间的肯定和否定意味。要注意细节题及推断题中命题人据此设置的陷阱，如比较对象的张冠李戴。 在翻译中比较结构的考查较常见，而且往往是难点和失分点。考生需要在弄清比较对象及其比较关系的基础上，用通顺的语言将比较关系表达出来。有些固定表达的固定译法要记住，到时直接译出即可。 在写作题目中，利用比较结构可以丰富句式，但是要保证正确，以免出错而失分。比较结构虽然较难，但掌握起来也有规律，要讲究方法。我们可以将比较结构的处理总结为三步：⑴识别比较结构的标志词；⑵找出比较对象；⑶理解比较关系。只要按照这三步走，再结合本章知识点的讲解，学习和掌握比较结构就容易得多。 一、定义 形容词和副词的比较级运用于句子当中便形成了比较结构。 二、结构 比较结构种类较多，最主要的有两种：as...as结构和more...than结构。比较结构一定要分清楚比较对象，以及对于比较对象的肯定、否定关系。 （一）as...as结构 1.as...as结构的基本模式是：as +形容词或副词原级+ as，表达的基本意思为“……和……一样” 例1：He is as energetic as a young man. 他像年轻人一样充满活力。 例2：He considered her opinion as valuable as ours. 他认为她的意见和我们的一样有价值。 2. as...as的否定结构及其变体分别是not so/as...as和not so much/many...as…（该用法在意思上也等同于not so much…but…），表达的意思是“……不如……” 例1：John is not so bright as Bob. 约翰不如鲍勃聪明。 例2：She hasn’t written so many essays as her brother. 她写的文章不如她哥哥多。

英语语法之独立主格结构

独立主格结构 非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语，从而在结构上与主语不发生关系，我们称之为独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立，它还是一种从属的结构。 一、非谓语动词独立主格结构 在独立主格结构中，非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。Such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later. He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. A．不定式“独立主格结构” 在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。 His mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner. The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the book. Many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. B．-ing形式“独立主格结构” Being ill, he went home. Seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine. 功能 1．表示时间的-ing形式作“独立主格结构” Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class. The chairman began the meeting, everyone being seated.

英语独立主格结构说明

英语独立主格结构说明 一、独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语)，加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。它有以下三个特点： (1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 (2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。 (3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构的用法 它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相 当于一个状语从句或并列句

(1)作时间状语 The work don e(二After the work had bee n done) , we went home.工作完成后，我们才回家。 (2) 作条件状语 Weather permitt ing( = If weather permits) , they will go on an out ing to the beach tomorrow. 女口果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 (3) 作原因状语 An importa nt lecture to be give n tomorrow(二As an importa nt lecture will be give n tomorrow) , the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 (4) 作伴随状语

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed un der his head(二a nd his hands were crossed un der his head). 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 (5) 表补充说明 A hunter came in, his face red with cold(=and his face was red with cold). 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。 注：独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时，相当于一个状 语从句，一般放在句首，表示原因时还可放在句末；表伴随状况或补充说明时，相当于一个并列句，通常放于句末。 一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式 独立主格结构(the absolute structure )是由名词或代词加上分词或 分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结

考研英语语法解析：独立主格结构_毙考题

2019考研英语语法解析：独立主格结构_毙考题 独立主格结构 独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。 独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有其他修饰成分。(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。 例如: Today being Sunday, the library isn t open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。 (原因)改为从句: As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn t open. 例如: There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了，我们只好坐出租车了。 Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi. The signal given，the bus started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。 (时间)改为从句:

After the signal was given, the bus started. The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。 The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand. The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考试结束了，两个月之后进行期末考试. The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later. Weather permitting, we 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天气允许的话，我们就去参观长城。 If weather permits, we 11 visit the Great Wall. The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。(伴随状语) 上文例句中sword in hand是由名词+介词短语构成，表示伴随的情况。这种表示伴随情的独立主格结构，有时可以用with 引出，二者的意思是一样的，with结构更加口语话，更加常用。 She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。 The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老师胳膊底下挟着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。 The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.

高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解

独立主格 一、独立主格结构的含义和实质 “独立主格结构”（absolute construction）又叫“独立结构”，是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语，结构上与主句不发生关系，因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实，所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立，它还是一种从属分句，与主句紧密联系在一起，共同表达一个完整的意思，通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。 二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能 独立主格结构可以分为两部分：一部分是名词或代词，起逻辑主语的作用；另一部分是非谓语动词分句（现在分词、过去分词、不定式）或无动词分句（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语），表示前面名词或代词的动作或状态。 基本形式是：名词普通格/代词主格+现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语，with引导的复合结构。 1．名词/代词+ 现在分词 现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。 例The man lay there, his hands trembling. So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off. His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep. 注：“独立结构”中的being或having been 有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。 2．名词/代词+过去分词 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。 例The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head. The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film. Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move. 后面两个句子也可以看成省略掉了having been，being。如果加上，这两个句子就又变成了现在分词分句。 3．名词/代词+不定式 不定式表示的是将来的动作。 例He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. These are the first two books，the third one to come out next month. We shall get together at 7:30, the procession（游行）to start moving at 8 sharp. 4. 名词/代词+名词 名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 例Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon. 5．名词/代词+形容词短语 形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。 例The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. I heard that she got injured in the accident，my heart full of sorry. 这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。 6．名词/代词+副词 副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。