人邮计算机英语第三版课后习题答案.doc
人邮计算机英语第三版课后习题答案
Unit 1 〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1) A general-purpose computer has four main sections. They are the arithmetic and logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the input and output devices, collectively termed I/O. They are interconnected by busses, often made of groups of wires.
(2)The control unit is often called a control system or central controller.
(3) ● Read the code for the next instruction from the cell indicated by the program counter.
● Decode the numerical code for the instruction into a set of commands or signals for each of the other systems.
● Increment the program counter so it points to the next instruction.
● Read whatever data the instruction requires from cells in memory, or perhaps from an input device. The location of this required data is typically stored within the instruction code.
● Provide the necessary data to an ALU or register.
● If the instruction requires an ALU or specialized hardware to complete, instruct the hardware to perform the requested operation.
● Write the result from the ALU back to a memory location or to a register or perhaps an output device.
● Jump back to the first step.
(4) The two classes of operations ALU is capable of performing are arithmetic and logic.
(5) Logic operations involve Boolean logic: AND, OR, XOR and NOT.
(6) A computer's memory can be viewed as a list of cells into which numbers can be placed or read. Each cell has a numbered "address" and can store a single number.
(7) The two principal varieties of computer main memory are random access memory or RAM and read-only memory or ROM.
(8) In a PC, the specialized program called the BIOS orchestrates loading the computer's operating system from the hard disk drive into RAM whenever the computer is turned on or reset. (9) Software that is stored in ROM is often called firmware because it is notionally more like hardware than software.
(10) I/O is the means by which a computer receives information from the outside world and sends results back.
〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
(1)input (2) microprocessor (3) program (4) bus (5) hardware (6) memory (7) output (8) cell (9) register (10) address
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1) 他进城的目的是买一台新计算机。
(2) 大多数在线服务都有自己的浏览器。
(3) 软盘可以是双倍密度的或者高密度的。
(4) 公式包括单元的地址。
(5) C语言也许最适宜被称为“中级语言”。
(6) 每一个浏览器都有内置的功能来理解HTML。
(7) C语言是世界上最流行的计算机语言之一。
(8) Java技术既是一种编程语言，也是一个平台。
(9) 实际上，一个视窗管理器可以被看作是命令行操作系统的图形用户界面。
(10) 数据库管理系统处理用户对数据库的操作请求。
〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
(1)hardware (2) operate (3) device (4) other (5) effective (6) moving (7) considered (8) designer (9) exists (10) speed
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)The computer enclosure is used to protect the components and circuitry housed therein from physical damage, and to prevent electromagnetic signals generated by components of the computer
from escaping and causing electromagnetic interference (EMI) to other electronic devices in the vicinity of the computer.
(2)A typical computer enclosure includes a chassis, an expansion card seat, a front bezel and
a plurality of components connectable to external apparatus and systems.
(3) A general computer system is basically built with a motherboard, interface cards and peripherals.
(4) The motherboard is the physical arrangement that contains the system's basic circuitry and components.
(5) Memory is a semiconductor storage device for holding programs or data. There're three basic
forms of memories. They are dynamic storage, non-volatile memory and static memory.
In dynamic storage, data must be constantly refreshed and data are erased when power is no longer applied to the cell. In non-volatile memory, data remains permanently in the cell even when power
is not applied, and in static memory data does not need to be refreshed but its data is lost
when power is no longer applied to the cell.
(6) RAM differs from ROM in that when power is disconnected from RAM, the data stored in random access memory is lost whereas when power is disconnected from ROM the data stored in read only memory remains.
(7) ROM can be further categorized into a programmable read only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), and electrically erasable programmable read only memory (EEPROM). Whereas, RAM can be further categorized into a static random access memory (SRAM) and
a dynamic random access memory (DRAM).
(8) A computer data processor is often referred to as a microprocessor. A microprocessor is a circuit that combines the instruction-handling, arithmetic, and logical operations of a computer
on a single semiconductor integrated circuit. Microprocessors can be grouped into two general classes, namely general-purpose microprocessors and special-purpose microprocessors.
(9) A hard disk drive (HDD) is a device that stores or reproduces data in a desired storage location
by moving its magnetic head to the desired location in a head load state. The hard disk drive
is standard equipment for personal computer, server or industrial computer.
(10) Generally, the HDD is electrically connected with a motherboard of the computer by means
of a signal cable assembly and a power cable assembly interconnected between the motherboard
and the switching power supply.
Unit2 〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)A cathode ray tube (CRT) displays a picture by displaying a plurality of pixels on a screen
using electric charges which are discharged from a cathode ray tube and impact a fluorescent plate.
(2)CRT monitors are large and bulky due to the large vacuum tubes that enclose the cathode and extend from the cathode to the faceplate of the display. Additionally, CRTs require a relatively
high voltage power supply to sufficiently accelerate electron beams for displaying images.
(3) The flat panel display may include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a plasma display panel
(PDP), an organic light emitting display (OLED), and a field emission display (FED), etc. (4) A printer is an image formation device which receives data from a host computer and then forms a corresponding image onto a recordable medium such as a sheet of paper.
(5) Dot-impact printer, inkjet printer, laser printer, and thermal printer the most popular printers.
(6) Inkjet printing has gained wide acceptance by consumers in the printing industry because it is fast in printing speed and is a relatively inexpensive form of printing and yet it produces high resolution printed images.
(7) The laser printer has advantageous operating characteristics of low noise, high speed and high resolution.
(8) A sound card often includes a powerful numeric processor, such as a digital signal processor (DSP), which can perform frequency modulation synthesis for the various functions of the sound board.
(9) In typical networks, computer systems use NICs to enable them to communicate over networks with other computer systems.
(10) A network interface card typically provides a physical connection between a host and a network or networks, as well as providing media access control (MAC) functions that allow the host to access the network or networks.
〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
(1) screen (2) monitor (3) pixel (4) cathode (5) faceplate
(6) voltage (7) reciprocate (8) continuous (9) resolution
(10) character
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1) 操作系统是管理计算机资源的程序。
(2) 典型的计算机数据库包括数据记录和文件的集合。
(3) 压缩过的文件通常要使用像PKZip或WinZip这样的实用工具软件解压。
(4) 只通过行号和列标（如“A1”）来调用单元格称作相对引用。
(5) 软盘不能保存太多的数据，但绝大多数计算机都能够读取它们的信息。
(6) 万维网涉及因特网上所有可以公共访问的文档。
(7) 数据库管理系统允许用户对安全性和数据完整性请求进行控制。
(8) 要执行数学运算，函数比公式更有效。
(9) 在更大的网络中，从一个交换点到另一个交换点的旅行被称为“中继”。
(10) 统一资源定位符基本上就是赋给浏览器的一个文件的地址。
〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
(1) laser (2) mix (3) layers (4) heat (5) cooled
(6) become (7) controlling (8) reflect (9) absorb
(10) digital (11) results (12) reformed
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容填空
(1) five, a major technological development
(2) vacuum tubes, magnetic drums, very expensive, heat
(3) machine language, one
(4) UNIVAC, ENIAC computers
(5) transistors, punched cards, printouts
(6) symbolic, or assembly, languages, to specify instructions in words, COBOL, FORTRAN
(7) the integrated circuit, a mass audience, smaller and cheaper
(8) The microprocessor, a single silicon chip
(9) IBM, 1984
(10) artificial intelligence
(11) Quantum computation, nanotechnology
(12) natural language input, learning and self-organization
Unit3〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)Computer software consists of programs. It enables a computer to perform specific tasks. The term includes application software, system software and middleware.
(2) A machine language consists of groups of binary values signifying processor instructions (object codes), which change the state of the computer from its preceding state.
(3) System software helps run the computer hardware and computer system. It includes operating systems, device drivers, diagnostic tools, servers, windowing systems, utilities and more. (4) Programming software usually provides tools to assist a programmer in writing computer programs and software using different programming languages in a more convenient way. The tools include text editors, compilers, interpreters, linkers, debuggers, and so on.
(5) Application software allows end users to accomplish one or more specific (non-computer related) tasks. Typical applications include industrial automation, business software, educational software, medical software, databases, and computer games.
(6) They are platform software, application software and user software.
(7) Platform software includes the firmware, device drivers, an operating system, and typically
a graphical user interface.
(8) Typical examples of application software are Office suites and video games.
(9) User software includes spreadsheet templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, and scripts for graphics and animations.
(10) Instructions may be performed sequentially, conditionally, or iteratively. Sequential instructions are those operations that are performed one after another. Conditional instructions are performed such that different sets of instructions execute depending on the value(s) of some data. In some languages this is known as an "if" statement. Iterative instructions are performed repetitively and may depend on some data value. This is sometimes called a "loop".
〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
(1) load (2) compile (3) value (4) instruction (5) interpret
(6) alphabet (7) assembler (8) utility
(9) communication (10) programmer
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1) 机器语言由一些能被特殊处理器所理解的未加工的数字组成。
(2) 任何一个特别病毒的实际效果取决于编写该病毒的程序员是如何编程的。
(3) 几个月不升级的抗病毒软件面对当前的病毒不能提供什么保护。
(4) 一般地说，内存以千字节或兆字节来度量，磁盘空间以兆字节或吉字节来度量。
(5) 超文本传输协议是浏览器自己的协议，一般用于传递HTML格式的文件。
(6) 局域网是一个由相互接近的、特别是在一个房间内或一个建筑内的计算机连接起来的网络。
(7) 对于移动用户来说，防火墙允许通过使用安全登录规程和鉴定证书来远程访问私有网络。(8) 从因特网用户的观点看，下载文件是从另一个计算机（或从另一个计算机的网页）上请求它并接收它。
(9) 在1957年苏联发射了人造地球卫星之后，美国军事部门开始建立高级研究计划署（ARPA）以资助一
些有时与军事含糊地相关的研究。
(10) 通常一个芯片组被集成在一个芯片上。
〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
(1) related (2) customers (3) fields (4) information (5) accessible
(6) emphasis (7) mainframe (8) implies (9) method (10) directory
Unit4〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1) An operating system is the core software component of your computer. It performs many functions and is, in very basic terms, an interface between your computer and the outside world. (2) It translates commands from the operating system or user into commands understood by the component part it interfaces with. It also translates responses from the component part back to responses that can be understood by the operating system, application program, or user.
(3) System tools (programs) are used to monitor computer performance, debug problems, or maintain parts of the system.
(4) Because operating systems are written by human programmers who can make mistakes.
(5) Errors in operating systems cause three main types of problems are system crashes and instabilities, security flaws and malfunctions.
(6) A system crash is the act of a system freezing and becoming unresponsive which would cause the user to need to reboot.
(7) Unauthorized intruders may try to use these to gain illegal access to your system. You should patch these flaws often to help keep your computer system secure.
(8) There are many types of operating systems. The most common is the Microsoft suite of operating systems.
(9) Time-sharing systems can be classified as multi-user systems and single-user operating systems. Multi-user computer operating systems allow multiple users to access a computer system simultaneously while single-user operating systems are usable by only one user at a time. (10) Embedded operating systems are the operating systems designed for being used in embedded computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines like PDAs with less autonomy. 〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
(1) install (2) command (3) translate (4) mistake (5) release
(6) control (7) crash (8) instability (9) reboot (10) workstation
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1) 它把操作系统装入内存并启动操作系统。
(2) 在计算机上，有两种基本项目需要组织。
(3) 字体可以用于计算机屏幕显示和打印机的硬拷贝输出。
(4) 光纤是一个可以传输光束的玻璃细丝。
(5) 当你在键盘上输入时，这些字符和数字就出现在监视器上。
(6) 内联网是私有网络。许多内联网分散在世界各地。
(7) 在计算机屏幕上，文件夹通常看上去像黄色或蓝色的纸文件夹。
(8) 一旦完成源内容的编码，制作流媒体的过程就完成了。
(9) 从语法结构上说，一个域名包括用圆点隔开一系列名称（标志）。
(10) 你在显示器上看到的视频质量取决于视频卡和你所选择的显示器。
〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
(1) loaded (2) boot (3) applications (4) use (5) requests
(6) defined (7) interact (8) through (9) command (10) graphical
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容填空
(1) let a number of programmers access the computer at the same time
(2) This real-time sharing of resources
(3) medium-sized minicomputers
(4) multitasking capability, multiuser capability, portability, UNIX programs, library of application software
(5) printing out one file, the user edits another file
(6) compartmentalizing the document, don't override the changes of another user
(7) permits it to move from one brand of computer to another
(8) integral utilities, tools
(9) the kernel, which schedules tasks and manages storage, the shell, which connects and interprets users' commands, calls programs from memory, and executes them, the tools and applications that offer additional functionality to the operating system
(10) the command driven Bourne Shell, the C Shell (no pun intended), menu-driven shells Unit5〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)A data structure is a specialized format for organizing and storing data. General data structure types include the array, the file, the record, the table, the tree, and so on. (2)In computer programming languages, an array is a group of objects with the same attributes that can be addressed individually, using such techniques as subscripting.
(3) Yes, it must.
(4) Some operating systems and applications describe files with given formats by giving them
a particular file name suffix.
(5) The organization of data in the record is usually prescribed by the programming language that defines the record's organization and/or by the application that processes it.
(6) In computer programming, a table is a data structure used to organize information, just as it is on paper.
(7) In data processing, a table, also called an array, is an organized grouping of fields. Tables may store relatively permanent data, or may be frequently updated.
(8) In a relational database, a table, sometimes called a file, organizes the information about
a single topic into rows and columns.
(9) A decision table is often called a truth table. It contains a list of decisions and the criteria on which they are based.
(10) An HTML table is used to organize Web page elements spatially or to create a structure for data that is best displayed in tabular form, such as lists or specifications.
〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
(1) interrupt (2) record (3) table (4) list (5) subscript
(6) suffix (7) define (8) row (9) sector (10) sort
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1)星型拓扑通常由双绞线实现，特别是非屏蔽双绞线。
(2) 视频卡是计算机的一部分，它把视频数据转换成你在显示器上能看到的可视信息。
(3) 多用户操作系统允许不同的用户同时利用计算机资源。
(4) 地址是因特网上信息网站、一个特定文件（如网页）或一个电子邮件用户的唯一位置。
(5) 多年来，ARPA已经在计算机科学研究方面资助了许多项目，其中很多都对现代工艺水平有深远的影响。
(6) 当然实际上，随着更复杂软件应用的出现，计算机语言只不过又产生了软件故障的新类型。
(7) 计算机病毒是一个程序，当首次感染可执行文件或硬盘和软盘的系统区域后开始传播自己并制作自己
的拷贝。
(8) 当所有RAM都被使用了（如许多程序同时打开），计算机就把数据交换到硬盘上，给用户的印象是好
像还有些内存。
(9) 编译程序忽略全部注释。
(10) 你不用离开Word就可以用电子邮件发送你的文档。
〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
(1) database (2) random (3) records (4) leaves (5) end
(6) beyond (7) nodes (8) two (9) power (10) depth
第十单元，〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1) The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. government conceived Internet in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANET. Its original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a research computer at one university to be able to "talk to" research computers
at other universities.
(2) The most widely used part of the Internet is the World Wide Web (often abbreviated "WWW"
or called "the Web"). Its outstanding feature is hypertext, a method of instant cross-referencing.
(3) A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web.
(4) Technically, an Internet browser is a client program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to make requests of servers throughout the Internet on behalf of the browser user.
(5) A URL is the unique address for a file that is accessible on the Internet.
(6) Hypertext is the organization of information units into connected associations that a user can choose to make.
(7) TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication language
or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).
(8) TCP/IP and the higher-level applications that use it are collectively said to be "stateless" because each client request is considered a new request unrelated to any previous one (unlike ordinary phone conversations that require a dedicated connection for the call duration). (9) HTTP is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.
(10) Any Web server machine contains, in addition to the Web page files it can serve, an HTTP daemon, a program that is designed to wait for HTTP requests and handle them when they arrive. 〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
1) permission (2) route (3) attack (4) adaptation
(5) conversation (6) hypertext (7) phrase
(8) button (9) browser (10) download
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1) 在两个网络之间有多条路径时，它也会选择最佳路径。
(2) 如果要把你的工作硬拷贝出来的话，打印机就是你计算机的基本部分。
(3) 阿帕网可以使相隔数千英里的人合作。
(4) SQL是标准用户和应用程序与关系数据库的接口。
(5) 变量作用域就是变量在源代码上有效的区域。
(6) 注意目录自身也是文件，所以一个目录通常也可以包括其他目录。
(7) 数据库是数据的集合，这些数据经过组织，检索起来就更容易、更有效。
(8) 实时操作系统用来控制机械、科学仪器和工业系统。
(9) 通常被删除的文件仍然存在，除非操作系统重新使用了那些包含删除信息的介质空间。
(10) 尽管它的解释形式不是很快，但它的编译形式的速度却很快，往往可以与其他语言如C++相匹敌。。〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
(1) transceiver (2) receives (3) frequency (4) globally (5) voice
(6) unique (7) multipoint (8) exchanged (9) scheme (10) verification
第九单元，〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1) A computer network is composed of multiple computers connected together using a telecommunication system for the purpose of sharing data, resources and communication. (2) A personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), campus area network (CAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), or wide area network (WAN).
(3) By network layer, connection method, functional relationship, network topology, services provided and protocol.
(4) A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer devices (including telephones and personal digital assistants) close to one person. Personal area networks may be wired with computer buses such as USB and FireWire.
(5) LAN stands for Local Area Network. Current LANs are most likely to be based on Ethernet technology. The defining characteristics of LANs include their much higher data transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines.
(6) It is a specific internetwork, consisting of a worldwide interconnection of governmental, academic, public, and private networks based upon the Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed by ARPA of the U.S. Department of Defense.
(7) A network card is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network.
(8) A hub is a piece of hardware which provides the connectivity of a segment of a network by directing traffic through the network.
(9) Switches are the device of networking that directs traffic to the correct node by filtering and forwarding packets between Nodes.
(10) Routers are the networking device that forwards data packets along networks by using headers and forwarding tables to determine the best path to forward the packets.
〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
(1) network (2) telecommunication (3) protocol (4) workgroup
(5) hub (6) uplink (7) intranet (8) authorization
(9) adapter (10) packet
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1) 桥式路由器是结合了路由器的网桥。
(2) 没有什么能比计算机更好地体现现代生活。
(3) BIOS测定显卡是否可以使用。
(4) 星型拓扑有何优点与缺点？
(5) 网络一般是指一组计算机共同工作。
(6) 理想的情况是，定期备份整个系统。
(7) 总线型拓扑把每个计算机（节点）连接到一个单段干线。
(8) 通常高级语言都可以被解释或编译。
(9) 防火墙是网络网关服务器上的一组相关程序。
(10) 公式被输入到单元格后，就立即计算了。
〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
(1) bandwidth (2) transfer (3) point (4) expressed (5) bytes
(6) modem (7) sustain (8) communications (9) slower (10) bottleneck
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容填空
(1) share information and resources
(2) a flexible data communication system
(3) an infrastructure network, an ad-hoc network, access points, direct communications, stations located near each other
(4) the portable computer
(5) it permits a computer or other device to send and receive data from external sources
(6) the transmitter, receiver, associated circuitry, a baseband signal to the transmitter, the radio receiver
(7) mobile computer devices, physical access to a land line communication port
(8) a modulator/demodulator portion (a baseband processing unit or baseband chip), a central processing unit (CPU), processor, an interface
(9) establishing a communication link, a gateway, the Internet
(10) a type of relay station, amplifies, the base station of a radio network
第八单元，〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1) An object is a software bundle of related state and behavior.
(2) In objectoriented programming, a class is a template definition of the methods and variables
in a particular kind of object.
(3) ● A class can have subclasses that can inherit all or some of the characteristics of the class. In relation to each subclass, the class becomes the superclass.
● Subclasses can also define their own methods and variables that are not part of their superclass.
(4) The class hierarchy is the structure of a class and its subclasses.
(5) In objectoriented programming (OOP), inheritance is a feature that represents the "is a" relationship between different classes. Inheritance allows a class to have the same behavior as another class and extend or tailor that behavior to provide special action for specific needs.
(6) An interface is a contract between a class and the outside world. Interfaces form a contract between the class and the outside world, and this contract is enforced at build time by the compiler.
(7) A package is a namespace that organizes related classes and interfaces in a logical manner.
(8) Because software written in the Java programming language can be composed of hundreds or thousands of individual classes, it makes sense to keep things organized by placing related classes and interfaces into packages.
(9) Object oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around "objects" rather than "actions" and data rather than logic.
(10) The concept of data classes allows a programmer to create any new data type that is not already defined in the language itself.
〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
1) object (2) class (3) procedure (4) prototype
(5) characteristic (6) inherit (7) hierarchy (8) bookmark
(9) manipulate (10) message
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1) 可以通过点击选定文本之外的任何位置或按任一方向键来取消选定。
(2) 到了19世纪50年代后期，许多人在研究人工智能，大部分都在研究编程计算机。
(3) 人工智能是制造智能机器、特别是制作智能计算机程序的科学和工程学。
(4) 在打开或执行一个新程序或其他包含可执行代码的文件之前，先扫描病毒，无论它们来自哪里。
(5) 它也可以放大载波信号、接收数据包（或许在网络堵塞期实现缓冲）及发送数据。
(6) 视频卡的内存越大，图形处理器的速度越快，玩游戏或运行精细图形设计软件时的显示效果就越好。
(7) 只要两个计算机能够辨认同一协议，它们就能够在同一网络中或者通过调制解调器不费力气地通信，而且不管它们是否属于同一类型。
8) C语言的研制始于19世纪70年代初期。
(9) BASIC最大的问题是可移植性差。
(10) CPU和内存通常在主板上。
〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
(1) environment (2) enforces (3) single (4) servers (5) applet
(6) interact (7) compiler (8) executable (9) dynamic (10) interpretation
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1) Computer graphics is a subfield of computer science and is concerned with digitally synthesizing and manipulating visual content.
(2) A broad classification of major subfields in computer graphics might be:
● Geometry: studies ways to represent and process surfaces
● Animation: studies with ways to represent and manipulate motion
● Rendering: studies algorithms to reproduce light transport
● Imaging: studies image acquisition or image editing
(3) Because the appearance of an object depends largely on the exterior of the object, boundary representations are most common in computer graphics.
(4) constructive solid geometry;discrete differential geometry;digital geometry processing; point-based graphics;subdivision surfaces;out-of-core mesh processing.
(5) The subfield of animation studies descriptions for surfaces (and other phenomena) that move or deform over time.
(6) ● Performance capture
● Character animation
● Physical simulation (e.g. cloth modeling, animation of fluid dynamics, etc.)
(7) Rendering converts a model into an image either by simulating light transport to get physically-based photorealistic images, or by applying some kind of style as in non-photorealistic rendering.
(8) The two basic operations in realistic rendering are transport (how much light gets from one place to another) and scattering (how surfaces interact with light).
(9) ● physically-based rendering — concerned with generating images according to the laws of geometric optics.
● real time rendering — focuses on rendering for interactive applications, typically using specialized hardware.
● non-photorealistic rendering.
● relighting — recent area concerned with quickly re-rendering scenes.
(10) One of the first displays of computer animation was Futureworld (1976), which included an animation of a human face and hand — produced by Ed Catmull and Fred Parke at the University of Utah.
第七单元，〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1) In computing, a database can be defined as a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer so that a program can consult it to answer queries.
(2) The computer program used to manage and query a database is known as a database management system (DBMS).
(3) The term "database" originated within the computing discipline.
(4) Typically, for a given database, there is a structural description of the type of facts held in that database: this description is known as a schema. The schema describes the objects that are represented in the database, and the relationships among them.
(5) The model in most common use today is the relational model.
(6) Many professionals consider a collection of data to constitute a database only if it has certain properties: for example, if the data is managed to ensure its integrity and quality, if it allows shared access by a community of users, if it has a schema, or if it supports a query language. However, there is no agreed definition of these properties.
(7) Yes, a great deal of the internal engineering of a DBMS is independent of the data model. It is concerned with managing factors such as performance, concurrency, integrity, and recovery from hardware failures.
(8) The flat (or table) model consists of a single, two-dimensional array of data elements, where all members of a given column are assumed to be similar values, and all members of a row are assumed to be related to one another.
(9) In a hierarchical model, data is organized into a tree-like structure, implying a single upward link in each record to describe the nesting, and a sort field to keep the records in a particular order in each same-level list.
(10) Three key terms are used extensively in relational database models: relations, attributes, and domains. Users (or programs) request data from a relational database by sending it a query that is written in a special language, usually a dialect of SQL.
〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
(1) loop (2) query (3) property (4) model (5) failure
(6) index (7) link (8) attribute (9) filter (10) locate
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1) 便携式电脑（膝上型电脑）是微型计算机，小得足以放在膝盖上使用。
(2) 公式被输入在电子表格的单元格中并必须以等号“=”开头。
(3) 打印机的主要类型有：点阵式、菊瓣轮式、喷墨式和激光打印式。
(4) 阿帕网可以使相隔数千英里的人合作。
(5) 超文本标识语言是表示网页的最常用的语言。
(6) 记录元素代表不同类型的信息，可以通过名字访问。
(7) 在数值计算和计算机应用中，矩阵用于组织表格形式的数据。
(8) 在因特网中，一个节点或一个止点都可以是网关节点或主（端点）节点。
(9) 反向环是由两个相反方向的环构成的环型拓扑。
10) 在最简单的网络中，无须用交换机来发送和接收网内的消息。
〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
(1) collection (2) accessed (3) updated (4) types (5) organizational
(6) relational (7) reorganized (8) distributed (9) network (10) classes
Ex.6〗根据课文内容填空
(1) all types of anomalies, in the domain/key normal form
(2) hierarchical
(3) object databases
(4) PICK aka MultiValue, MUMPS
(5) a sorted list of the contents of some particular table column
(6) matching some criterion
(7) atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability
(8) improve performance or availability of the whole database system, Master/Slave Replication, Quorum, and Multimaster
(9) the entire range of computer software, large multi-user applications
(10) JDBC, ODBC
第六单元，〖Ex. 1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1) C is a computer programming language. That means that you can use C to create lists of instructions for a computer to follow.
(2) Yes, it is. It has won widespread acceptance because it gives programmers maximum control
and efficiency.
(3) This means that once you write your C program, you must run it through a C compiler to turn your program into an executable that the computer can run.
(4) The form of the C program is the human-readable form.
(5) If you are using a UNIX machine, the C compiler is available for free.
(6) A widely used commercial compiler is Microsoft Visual C++ environment which compiles both
C and C++ programs. No, unfortunately, this program costs several hundred dollars.
(7) If you mistype the program, it either will not compile or it will not run.
(8) If the program does not compile or does not run correctly, edit it again and see where you went wrong in your typing. Fix the error and try again.
(9) The way your program remembers things is by using variables. A variable has a name (in this case, b) and a type (in this case, int, an integer).
(10) In C, there are several standard types for variables. They are int —integer (whole number) values, float —floating point values and char —single character values (such as "m" or "Z") . 〖Ex. 2〗根据下面的英文解释，写出相应的英文词汇
(1) string (2) prompt (3) form (4) compilation (5) quit
(6) symbol (7) block (8) variable (9) return (10) microcomputer
〖Ex. 3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1) 大部分通用计算机是桌面系统。
(2) 学会熟练地操作电脑不容易。
(3) 通过使用键盘上的方向键移动光标。
(4) BIOS检查看是冷启动还是重新启动。
(5) Java字节代码帮助实现了“一次写成，到处可用”。
(6) 输入计算机的文本通常显示在光标位置。
7) Windows的文件名及文件夹名可以包含多达250字符。
(8) 操作系统（OS）是最先装入计算机的软件。
(9) 免费软件是无附加任何条件的可以免费使用的软件
10) 网桥有时也和路由器结合在一起，组成叫做桥式路由器的产品。
〖Ex. 5〗将下列词填入适当的位置（每词只用一次）
1) widely (2) applications (3) community (4) written (5) standardized
(6) popularity (7) replaced (8) superset (9) concepts (10) similar
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1) C++ is a general purpose programming language invented in the early 1980s by Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs.
(2) The purpose of C++ is to precisely define a series of operations that a computer can perform to accomplish a task.
(3) It means they have to be told exactly what to do and this is defined by the programming language you use. Once programmed, they can repeat the steps as many times as you wish at very high speed.
(4) It can put data into a database or pull it out, display high speed graphics in a game or video, control electronic devices attached to the PC or even play music and/or sound effects.
(5) No, they tend to be done in variants of Basic.
(6) The answer: almost none. It is a nearly universal programming language and can be found on most microcomputers, and all the way up to big computers costing millions of dollars.
(7) ● Download and Install Borland Turbo C++ Explorer
● Download and Install Microsoft Visual C++ 2005 Express Edition
● Download and Install Open Watcom C/C++ Compiler
(8) Yes, there is. Because open source code can be viewed and used by anyone.
(9) The top three most popular programming languages according to the quarterly https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa15448709.html, survey are Java, C and C++.
(10) You need to be artistic or have an artist friend. You'll also need music and sound effects.