山西省五校2017届高三第五次联考英语试题
山西省五校2017届高三第五次联考英语试题
第I卷
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15.
B. ￡9.18.
C. ￡9.15.
1. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a hotel.
B. In a clinic.
C. In a library.
2. When is the woman able to get her photos?
A. Half an hour later.
B. One hour later.
C. Two hours later.
3. Why doesn’t the woman buy the necklace?
A. Because sh e doesn’t like it
B. Because she thinks it is expensive.
C. Because she considers it of low quality.
4. What is the man probably?
A. A taxi driver.
B. A policeman.
C. A train station worker.
5. What does the man suggest?
A. Booking a table.
B. Meeting around 6100.
C. Meeting inside the restaurant.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the man’s major?
A. Finance.
B. Business administration.
C. English literature.
7. What course did the man like best as a student?
A. Project management.
B. English literature.
C. Computer engineering.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why didn’t the woman go to school yes terday?
A. Her throat hurt
B. She caught a cold. C Her leg was broken.
9. What does the man advise the woman to do at first?
A. Have enough rest
B. Take another day off.
C. Drink plenty of water.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How much does the four-week course cost?
A. ￡l,000.
B. ￡1,100.
C. ￡1,200.
11. Which course will the man choose?
A. The one in July.
B. The one in August.
C. The one in September.
12. What does the woman advise the man to do?
A. Stay with a family.
B. Send the college his picture.
C. Write to the college with his information.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13. How does the woman find Hainan Island?
A. It deserves visiting.
B. It is sunny all year around.
C. It is cool all year around.
14. What is the Hainan’s avera ge temperature in July?
A. 6℃ to 16℃
B. 16℃ to 24℃. C 25℃ to 29℃.
15. Which month is among the rainy seasons in Hainan?
A. June.
B. March.
C. December.
16. Which is famous for history?
A. Yalong Bay National Holiday Resort.
B. The Five Officials Memorial Temple.
C. Nanshan Cultural and Tourist Zone.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When do people celebrate All Saints’ Day every year?
A. On November 1.
B. On October 30.
C. On October 31.
18. Who may like Halloween best?
A. Children.
B. Women.
C. Adults.
19. Which vegetable is the mark of Halloween?
A. Tomato.
B. Potato.
C. Pumpkin.
20. What do the adults give to the children?
A. Fruit or candy.
B. Treat-money or candy.
C. Treat-money or vegetables.
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Are you wishing for the days when your feed was filled with posts from friends you care about the most? The good news is that you can fix your Facebook News Feed to show more posts that interest you and fewer that do not. By taking just a few minutes to fix your feed, you may be able to enjoy Facebook again.
●No need to unfriend anyone.
Just set your feed to see what you want to see and hide what you do not want to see.
See important friends first
Facebook lets you choose which friends’ posts show at the top of your News Feed. Maybe you have dear friends who do not post often, but you want to be sure you see their posts first.
You can easily choose whose posts you want to see first by changing your News Feed settings.
●Procedures：On the Facebook website* tap the Down arrow in the upper right corner of the blue bar at the top of the screen Then, choose “News Feed Preferences.” Then click on “List who to see first.” Choose the names of people whose posts you want to see at the top of your News Feed. The final step is to click “Done” at the bottom. Block friends’ posts without unfriending anyone
You may be best friends with someone in real life but have no interest in their Facebook posts. Maybe they post angry messages or childish videos. Facebook lets you secretly block friends’ posts from your feed. No one will know you blocked them unless you tell them.
●Procedures：The process is simple. Tap the Down arrow in the upper right comer of the blue bar at the top of the Facebook page. Then, choose “News Feed Preferences.” Next, choose “Unfollow people to hide their posts.” Then, mark the friends you want to unfollow. This will prevent their posts from appearing in your News Feed. When you finish blocking just tap “Done”.
21. What does the text guide people to do?
A. To update information on Facebook.
B. To reset Facebook for receiving posts.
C. To search for favourite posts on Facebook.
D. To download an application for Facebook.
22. How many steps docs it take to reset your favorite posts?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C.5.
D. 6.
23. Why do you want to block some of your friends’ posts?
A. Because their posts may bother you.
B. Because you are too busy to read them.
C. Because they are not your best friends.
D. Because you want to stay away from them.
24. What will happen if you mark your friends as “Unfollow”?
A. They will not get in touch with you.
B.You will make them angry with you.
C. They will not see your posts on Facebook.
D. Your News Feed will not show their posts.
B
Freda Bright says, “Only in opera do people die of love.” It’s true. You really can’t love somebody to death. I’ve known people to die from no love, but I’ve never known anyone to be loved to death. We just can’t love one another enough more.
A heart-warming story tells of a woman who finally decided to ask her boss for a raise in salary. All day she felt nervous and apprehensive. Later in the afternoon she summoned the courage to approach her employer. To her delight, the boss agreed to a raise. The woman arrived home that evening to a beautiful table set with their best dishes. Candles were softly glowing. Her husband had come home early and prepared a festive meal. She wondered if someone from the office had tipped him off, or did he just somehow know that she would not get turned down? She found him in the kitchen and told him the good news. They embraced and kissed, then sat down to the wonderful meal. Next to her plate the woman found a beaut ifully lettered note. It read: “Congratulations, darling! I knew you’d get the raise! These things will tell you how much I love you.”Following the supper, her husband went into the kitchen to clean up. She noticed that a second card had fallen from his pocket. Picking it off the floor, she read: “Don’t worry about not getting the raise! You deserve it anyway! These things will tell you how much I love you.”
Someone has said that the measure of love is when you love without measure. What this man feels for his wife is total acceptance and love, whether she succeeds or fails. His love celebrates her victories and soothes her wounds. He stands with her, no matter what life throws in their direction.
25. When the woman saw all her husband had prepared, what was the first feeling of her?
A. Confusion.
B. Sweetness.
C. Excitement.
D. Happiness.
26. What is the meaning of the underlined part “tipped him off”？
A. Scolded him.
B. Informed him.
C. Threatened him.
D. Comforted him.
27. What can we know about the author’s husband from the second paragraph?
A. He likes cooking.
B. He often writes to his wife.
C. He is a careful and clever man.
D. He had already known the result.
C
Many details in life appear to be neglected by us in a hurry urban life. Some think that our passion has been ironed out by tough life. Some people come to the sensation that they have already been numbed (麻木) by the fast-paced life Maybe all these contribute a little to the present situation, or maybe none. Actually, in the modem city, what we lack more and more desperately is a heart of gratefulness.
Once a time, I began to lose my direction and become numb without too much affection in this material-flooding world. I was not sure whether the reason why I locked tightly my heart was to fear loneliness or to protect myself. Less and less emotion and smile, so someone said that I was awfully icy to others. Not until one day when I was stricken by a sense of gratitude did I totally change myself. Gratefulness touches deeply the tenderness of my heart. It is like the soft melody of “kiss the rain”, so tender, so emotional and so fascinating, leaving me out of all the worldly troubles.
Yes, life needs gratefulness. Gratefulness is not only confined to love, but also to friend-ship, family bonds, mutual cherishing as well as constant missing each other. A tiny gratefulness can give us a lasting positive mood, which requires our consciousness and gratefulness. Then with a heart of gratefulness, everything turns out to be beautiful.
Yes, God is fair to anyone. When he closes one of your doors, he will open another for you. Even though I just have a window, I can still embrace sunshine, fresh air, beautiful landscapes. Though the eyesight might be somewhat narrow, it is my world after all.
Every drop in life and every silk of gratefulness direct me to my real heart and mind.
28. According to the author in the paragraph 1, the reason why many details are neglected is that .
A. we live a hurry urban life
B. we lack a heart of gratefulness
C. our passion has b?en ironed out
D. we have been numbed by the fast-paced life
29. What’s the possible reason why the author lost his direction and became numb?
A. He had no interest in others.
B. His life was filled with fears.
C. He feared loneliness or needed self-protect ion.
D. He had too much affection in this material-flooding world.
30. What is it that moved and changed the author?
A. Smile.
B. Melody.
C. Friendship.
D. Gratefulness.
31. What can we learn about gratefulness according to the third paragraph?
A. It requires consciousness.
B. It should be cherished.
C. It makes the world full of sunshine.
D. It contains love, friendship and family bonds.
D
As Canadians approach the ends of their career, they start to wonder how much they need to save to maintain their standard of living in retirement. This is not an easy question as many variables are unknown. The first is life expectancy.
Life expectancy is one of the most misunderstood aspects of retirement income planning— yet, it is one of the most important factors. Most people assume that life expectancy is the same as lifespan. This is not correct. Instead life expectancy is a medium number of years—such that 50 percent of a particular age group will die before this number of years, and the other 50 percent will die after this period
How you save for retirement is also important. What you care about in retirement is how much income you have after tax and after inflation. You want to know what lifestyle you can maintain in retirement.
If you saved for retirement only using registered retirement savings plan (RRSP), you will need a larger account balance, as every dollar that you redeem from an RRSP is fully taxable while funds withdrawn from a tax-free savings account (TFSA) are free of tax. And if you were lucky enough to save funds outside these structures (non-registered investments, real estate, bank accounts and so on), only the earnings on these funds are taxable.
Government pension rights arc important in retirement income planning. Old Age Security (OAS) offers up to $ 569 a month and the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) gives a maximum of $ 1,065 a month. The average right for new beneficiaries is $640 a month.
But let’s look at this from another point of view. When you retire, one of the greatest risks that you have is running out of money. If you can maintain your lifestyle on your personal investment, then delaying the start of your CPP pension can be viewed as a version of longevity insurance.
32. Why is it difficult to solve the question mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. Because of people’s mind.
B. Because of living standard.
C. Because of people’s lifestyle.
D. Because of changeable factors.
33. Which of the following factors is the most important on saving for retirement?
A. Life expectancy.
B. The way to save.
C. Personal investment.
D. Government pension rights.
34. How do people avoid risks after retirement according to the text?
A. Keeping account balanced.
B. Making a spending planning.
C. Saving funds outside the mentioned structures.
D. Maintaining personal investment and delaying CPP.
35. What might be the best title for the passage?
A. Canadians’ Pension Plan
B. Saving For Retirement
C. Extending Life Expectancy
D. Managing Personal Account
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Cycling for Weight Loss
Like many aspects of health and fitness, weight loss is actually a combination of several factors. Any weight loss method really should influence all of these elements. 36
Calorie Bum
about 320 calories.
When losing weight, if you burn more calories than you eat, weight loss will result. Your body stores any calories you eat that you don’t immediately need as body fat. Generally, one pound of body fat contains about 3,500
Building Muscle
In truth, however, the real weight loss power of cycling doesn’t come from this initial caloric loss. In fact, compared to the 400-and-something calories that a comparable 30-minute run could burn, cycling leaves quite a bit to be desired. 39
Because cycling challenges your muscles to handle a considerable amount of resistance repeatedly-something
your muscles via cycling will help you lose more weight in the long-term.
A. Bicycling can help you burn calories.
B. Cycling just happens to meet the factors perfectly.
C. What makes cycling such an effective weight loss tool?
D. Therefore，to lose one pound, you’re going to need to burn 3,500 calories.
E. But cycling has one obvious advantage over running: muscular development.
F. Combining bicycling with a calorie-controlled diet can help you reach your goal
G. It’s reported that each pound of muscle increases your daily caloric burn by about 6 to 10 calories.
第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Yesterday after school I took my boys through the drive thru (汽车餐厅)at McDonald’s. It was a 41 day and they wanted a nice cool treat. So I said yes. So off we went 42I ordered, I remembered a promise I made to myself
was only $2. 95. Can you believe it? $ 2. 95!!!
41. A. hot B. cold C. rainy D. pleasant
42. A. Although B. Since C. If D. As
43. A. time B. day C. month D. step
44. A. care about B. dream of C. go through D. deal with
45. A. unnecessary B. easy C. awful D. unusual
46. A. another B. his C. that D. each
47. A. turn B. order C. preference D. duty
48. A. pulling up B. breaking down C. calming down D. carrying on
49. A. warn B. get C. force D. talk
50. A. energy B. money C. chance D. determination
51. A. less B. higher C. bigger D. more
52. A. ever B. still C. never D. even
53. A. fearing B. learning C. hesitating D. failing
54. A. exactly B. merely C. likely D. probably
55. A. impossible B. powerful C. conditional D. shameful
56. A. lend B. send C. bring D. add
57. A. pitifully B. thankfully C. regretfully D. obviously
58. A. reason B. result C. point D. amount
59. A. did B. accepted C. refused D. ignored
60. A. spent B. lost C. wasted D. kept
第II卷
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Etiquette (礼仪)to society is 61 clothing is to the individual. Without clothes men would go in shameful nudity which would 62(certain) lead to the corruption of morals? and without etiquette society would be in a pitiable state and the necessary 63 (communicate) between its members would he disturbed by needless offences and troubles.
70case you Rive of-fences or make enemies.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加；在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
When talking about sport, I always feel very exciting, because I like sport so much. I love playing tennis, bat it is my favorite sport. One day that I came home after school, I turned on TV and watch a tennis match. At first, I was attracted by the two beautiful tennis player. When I watched the match for ten minutes I found it wonderful From now on, I star-ted to watch tennis matches. I have learned to play the tennis, and I often invite my friends play with me. My love to tennis are more than I could express. I am so luckily to have some friends who share the same interest with me.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，你的英国好友Lucy来信问你计划在大学学什么专业。就此请你用英语写封回信，主要内容包括：
1. 你的专业选择；
2. 你选择该专业的理由；
3. 为此你打算怎么做。
注意：
1. 词数100左右，
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好，不计人总词数.
Dear Lucy,
I’m writing to tell you about the major I will choose in the university.
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
山西省五校2017届高三第五次联考英语试题答案1～5 BCBAA 6～10 BAACC 11～15 BCACA 16～20 BAACB
21～24 BCAD 25～27 ABC 28～31 BCDC 32～35 DADB 36～40 BADEG
41～45 ADACB 46～50 CBADB 51～55 DCBAC 56～60 DBCAD
61. what 62. certainly 63. communication 64. tracks 65. were
66. the 67. friendly 68. advise 69. to do 70. in
短文改错
When talking about sports I always fed very exciting, because I like sport so much. I love playing tennis,
excited
then
tennis, and I often invite my friends ∧ play with me. My love to tennis are more than I could express. I
to is
lucky
书面表达
One possible version:
Dear Lucy,
I’m writing to tell you about the major I will choose in the university. I have decided to major in computer science. There are some reasons why I made such a decision. Firstly, with the development of society, comput-ers are playing an important role in many aspects of our life Secondly, browsing the Internet is one of my hob-bies, so I think I can study computer science well. Last but not least, being good at computer science may help me find a good job after graduating from college.
I know there is a long way to go before I enter a college. So now I must devote myself to study and try my best to get good grades in all subjects. If I can learn computer science as I wish, I will focus on it and study hard to develop some software.
Best wishes I’m looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
安徽省蚌埠 四校联考英语试题
安徽省蚌埠田家炳中学、蚌埠市九中、五中、铁路中学四校联考2019-2020学年12月月考 高二英语 考试时间：120分钟试卷分值：150分 第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分） 第一节：听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. What does the woman think of cloning? A. It has no side effect at all. B. It should be strictly forbidden. C. It may cause trouble for humans. 2. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers? A. Friends. B.Husband and wife. C.Teacher and student. 3.What do they hope to do? A.Stop cigarette production. B.Advise people not to smoke. C.Stop young people smoking. 4.What teacher are they talking about? A.Their Chinese teacher. B.Their history teacher. C.Their politics teacher. 5.What does the man think the weather will be like in April? A.Cool. B.Hot. C.Windy. 第二节：听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 6.Where is the woman probably going this afternoon? A.To the library.
2019年浙江省五校联考高考语文模拟试卷(解析版)
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2019-2020年高三“五校”联考语文试题含答案 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分，考试时间150分 钟，第Ⅰ卷1页至6页，第Ⅱ卷7页至12页。 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条 形码。答卷时，考生务必将答案涂写在答题卡上，答在试卷上无效。考试结束后，将本试卷 和答题卡一并交回。 祝各位考生考试顺利！ 第Ⅰ卷 注意事项： 1.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮 擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。 2. 本卷共12小题，每小题3分，共36分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是最 符合题目要求的。 一、（15分） 1．下列加点字的读音全部正确的一项是（） A.烘焙．（bèi）徇．(xún)私绮．(qǐ)丽铩．(shā)羽而归 B.矫．(jiáo)情酩．(míng)酊通缉．(jī) 屡见不鲜．(xiān) C.懵．(měng)懂脑髓．(suǐ) 聒．(guō)噪提纲挈．(qiè)领 D.粗犷．(guǎng) 晕．(yūn)眩折．(zhé)耗咄咄．(duō)逼人 2．下列各组词语中没有错别字的一项是（） A.戳穿毕竟金刚钻掎角之势 B.告罄凋蔽亲和力至高无尚 C.瞑目骠勇掉书袋砾石流金 D.殉职熨贴暴冷门溘然长逝 3.在下面一段话空缺处一次填入词语，最恰当的一项是（） 我国每年出版的专著，但不少传播有限，特别是那些蕴含真知灼见、启 人、极具现实意义的论著，并没有得到进一步推广和传播，以致，这是非 常可惜的。 A、汗牛充栋心智默默无闻 B、叠床架屋心志默默无闻
C、叠床架屋心志湮没无闻 D、汗牛充栋心智湮没无闻 4．下列各句中，没有语病的一项是（） A.三联书店总经理樊希安接受采访时表示，经过十天试运营后，三联韬奋书店将于4月18日正式成为24小时不打烊的京城首家书店。 B.中国政府联合工作组和中国驻马来西亚大使馆工作人员12日在吉隆坡与马方举行联合工作会议，继续处理马来西亚航空公司客机失联事件磋商协调。 C.国际法庭因认定日本在南极海的“调查捕鲸”实质为“商业捕鲸”，判定其违反了国际公约，于3月31日颁布判决书，下令禁止日本船只在南极海以任何名义捕鲸。 D.今年首次月全食出现在北京时间4 月15日下午，北美洲和南美洲的大部分地区都可看到月全食的全过程，但中国大部分地区无缘目睹。 5．下列文学常识表述错误的一项是（） A.北宋中叶的文坛领袖欧阳修，其散文平易晓畅，委婉多姿，其中一组有连续性的八篇游记，称为“永州八记”，是山水散文的精品。 B.《草堂诗余》《东坡乐府》《稼轩长短句》都是词集。 C.《左传》是我国第一部叙事详备的编年体史书，也是一部杰出的历史散文著作。 D. “四书”“五经”中“四书”是指《论语》《大学》《中庸》《孟子》，“五经”是指《诗》《书》《易》《礼》《春秋》。 二、（9分） 阅读下面的文字，完成6--8题。 手机或许不是人的一个单纯用具。实际上，它已经变成了人的一个器官。手机似乎长在人们的身体上面。它长在人们的手上，就如同手是长在人们的身体上面一样。手机是另一个说话器官，是一个针对着远距离的人而说话的器官，因为有了手机，人的语言能力增加了，人们可以将语言传送到非常遥远的地方。同样，人们的听觉也增加了，耳朵居然能神奇般地听到千里之外的声音。我们看到了人体身上的新的四位一体：手，嘴巴，耳朵和一个金属铁盒----手机。它们共同组成了身体上的一个新的说话机器。 手机深深地植根于人体，并成为人体的一个重要部分。离开了人体，离开了手，它就找不到自己的意义。正如人们对它的称呼“手机”那样，它只有依附于手，才能获得它的存在性。手机能够在任何时间和任何空间同另一个人进行交流。手机这一最基本的无限延展的交流能力，能使人轻而易举地克服时空间距离而超越孤立的状态。这是人们使用手机的最根本和最初的原因。一个危机时刻的人，如果有手机相伴，就可能会迅速地解除这种危机。
高三联考英语试题
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2020届湖南湖北四校高三学情调研联考英语试题Word版
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2018年春四校联考英语试题
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高三“五校”联考语文试卷
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上海市十一校2019届高三12月联考语文试题及答案
上海市2019届高三十一校联考语文试卷 一、阅读80分 （一）阅读下文，完成1～6题（17分） 在声音中发现城市 ①先有城市，后有城市声音。当代环境美学家阿诺德·伯林特提出：“工厂的声音、交通的噪声、广播和录音机的声音与人声共同构成了立体的听觉环境，这种声景广泛存在，墙壁也不能阻隔，一切事物都处于声音的包围之中”。伯林特可以被看作是“现代城市声音”研究的始作俑者。在那些熙熙攘攘、瞬息万变、此起彼伏、有序或无序的城市声音中，是否具有普遍的规律及更高的价值？这就是今天我们要讨论和交流的问题。 ②与宁静的大自然和乡村相比，城市本身是一种结构复杂、功能多样的矛盾组合体。一方面，它是理性的，人们必须遵守各种法规、程序、条例、规则等；另一方面，城市又是感性的，充满了各种各样的色彩、声音、味道和不透明的心理活动，这两方面既相互叠合、交织、缠绕，又相互排斥、矛盾、斗争，使城市不断陷入困境和危机，同时也激发出城市特有的活力和创造力。依托于听知觉，并同心理、意识紧密相连的“声音”，是人在城市中每时每刻都不能脱离的感性工具和桥梁，就此而言，“城市”和“声音”的关系自然非比寻常。但我们首先面临的问题却是：“声音”怎样才能成为城市研究的对象？ ③首先，需要讨论“声音”和“语言”谁更重要。和常识相反，在中国古代有“言外之意”一说，所谓“言”是“符号”，而“意”则是以“声音”为载体的内容和意义。这表明“声音”不仅不能等同于“符号”，还往往蕴含着比后者更真实的意图和更重要的意义。奥地利哲学家马赫把“实体”等同于“感觉”，尽管有些“过犹不及”，但至少可以使人重新认识感觉、语言和实体的关系，即包括听觉在内的人的感觉，在现实实践中绝不是无足轻重的。 ④其次，还要讨论一下“视觉”和“听觉”谁更重要。现代科学告诉我们，人类有99％以上的信息是通过视觉和听觉获取的。和历史上的文化活动主要依赖“听觉”不同，当今世界又称“景观社会”，目前居“统治”地位的是视觉观念，这是当代人生存“视觉化”及其多种后遗症的根源。就此而言，重建主体的“听知觉”和“声音文化能力”，对于矫正正在彻底“数字化”和“图像化”的当代文化具有重要现实意义。 ⑤由此可得出两条基本原理：一是____________，二是____________。这同样也适用于城市。在异常清晰稳定的空间、政治、经济、文化等“城市符号”背后，还存在着大量以感性方式存在、不断生成又不断流失、主要同人的感觉打交道的“东西”。尽管它们长期被“熟视无睹”或“充耳不闻”，但作为城市有机体成长变化、城市人喜怒哀乐最直接的记录和呈现，其价值和意义并不亚于各种“显性”表达。此外，尽管“声音”和“图像”同属城市的感性存在方式，但由于“听觉”和人的意识、心理联系密切，而“视觉”更加官能化和欲望化，特别是在视频技术和数字化图像日渐占据主导的当下，研究和重建基于“听觉”的城市声音系统．明显有助于构建一种更加均衡和协调的城市文化生态。 ⑥“城市声音”作为一种城市的感性符号和活动，主要属于城市诗学、城市美学和城市文化学研究的对象和内容。它们在城市研究中长期缺席或可有可无，恰好说明为什么当代城市越来越
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