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英国议会制辩论

英国议会制辩论
英国议会制辩论

二.英国议会制辩论

1. 辩论队

每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场,每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为"正方",驳斥辩题的队伍称为"反方"。代表正方的两支队伍是正方上院和正方下院,代表反方的两支队伍是反方上院和反方下院。每支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争,最后决出1至4名。

2.选手发言顺序

所有辩手须按照以此顺序进行发言。

3.发言计时

每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟,辩手提出“质询”的时间应在发言人讲话的第2到第6分钟之间。

发言计时从辩手开始说话为始,所有发言内容(包括致謝、开场白等)都在计时范围内。计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意:

1’00”响铃一次(允许开始提出“质询”)

6’00”响铃一次(提出“质询”的时间结束)

7' 00”连续响铃两次(发言时间结束)

7' 15”连续响铃(发言“缓冲”时间结束)

在连续两次响铃结束后,辩手有15秒“缓冲”间,在这段时间内允许选手进行总结。“缓冲”时间内不应提出新观点,且裁判可能会判此时间段内提出的新观点与论据为无效。在“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被裁判扣分。

4.辩手角色分配

每个辩手都有特定角色且每段发言都须有明确具体的目的。下面列出的辩手角色及职责可提供借鉴,但比赛中的辩手角色既不仅限于此,也并非皆须面面俱到。由于具体辩论情况不一,在正方支持辩题、反方驳斥辩题的前提下,辩手可能会完成设定角色以外的任务,其发言也可能不仅限于以下陈列的目的。

除了两方最后一位辩手(正方和反方党鞭),其他所有辩手都应引入新的论据和材料(但并不须是新观点)。除了首相,所有辩手都应反驳对方辩手的观点。辩手的职位分为“首相”或“正方领袖”“反方领袖”“副首相”“反方副领袖”“正方成员”“反方成员”“正方党鞭”“反方党鞭”。每位辩手具体职责如下:

注:辩题会在全部辩手聚集后公布,辩题公布后15分钟开始辩论。每轮的辩题都不相同。大多辩题源于时事或长期热议话题,题目措词清晰明确。

5.辩论的重点和内容

英国议会制辩论中,正方辩手应论证辩题为真,反方辩手应阐明辩题为假或说明正方辩手提出的辩护无法论证辩题为真的原因。双方都应通过直接或间接的方式反驳对方辩手提出的观点。

辩题的措辞平白中立,辩手应尊重辩题原意,并将辩论核心构建于辩题原意之上。正方上院诠释辩题时,不应试图歪曲辩题本意。正方上院首相应在演讲开始为辩题中可能混淆辩论的词语给出定义。

大多数情况下正方上院对辩题的解释将会成为整场辩论的基础。如果正方上院没能明确阐释辩论的重点,或者完全误读了辩题,反方上院可以重新定义辩题。下院队伍不能再改变辩题中对重要词汇的定义。

6.准备

所有赛场的辩论都将在辩题公布后的15分钟后开始。辩手可以在这15分钟的准备时间里査阅纸质资料。禁止在辩题公布后査阅电于媒介的资料、电子存储的信息和在电子平台上进行信息检索。只能査看预先准备好且打印出来的资料。

在准备时间内辩手可以与本队辩友进行讨论。辩手不能在准备时间内与其他任何人(包括其他队伍的教练、其他队伍辩手、教导人员、裁判等)进行讨论。正方上院有权在辩论场地进行讨论,抽到其他位置的队伍将在赛事指定的不同场所进行讨论。

辩论开始,辩手务必进入辩论场地,未能在规定时间内到达场地的辩论队将被剥夺参赛权利。裁判长有权剥夺辩手参赛权。为保证比赛顺利进行,被剥夺资格的队伍将被换成替补队伍。

7.质询

选手可以在辩论的第1分钟末至第6分钟末期间的任意时间口头提问或起身要求质询,被提问的辩手可以接受或回绝质询。如果接受质询,提问辩手有15秒时间提出异议或提出问题。质询和回答时间记在被提问辩手的发言时间中。提问与回答双方辩手对质询的把握能力,将会被裁判列入裁定辩论队名次及辩手评分内。质询的次数以及优先度不计入评分范围。

The British Parliamentary format

Four teams of two debaters participate in each British Parliamentary debate round. The teams supporting the motion are referred to as the "Government". The teams arguing against the motion are known as the "Opposition". Two teams represent the Government: the Opening Government and the Closing Government. Two teams represent the Opposition: the Opening Opposition and the Closing Opposition. Each of these teams competes against all other teams in the round and will be ranked 1st through 4th at the conclusion of the debate.

Speaker Order

Each speaker will present a single speech in the order prescribed below.

Speech timing

Each speech will be 7 minutes. Points of Information (POI) are allowed after the first minute and before the last minute of all speeches.

Timing of the speech begins when the speaker begins speaking; all materials—including acknowledgments, introductions, etc.—will be timed. A timekeeper will provide a series of signals during each speech as follows:

Once the double

ring has sounded,

speakers have a

15-second ‘grace period’, during which they should conclude their remarks. The grace period is not a time for new matter to be introduced, and any new matter offered in the grace period may be discounted by the adjudicators. Speakers contin uing after this ‘grace period’ may be penalized by the adjudication

panel.

Speaker Roles

Each speaker has a role and each speech has a specific purpose. The descriptions of speaker roles listed below are suggestive and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive. For reasons that vary from debate to debate, speakers may sometimes need to fulfill roles not mentioned here and speeches may be constructed to serve other purposes as long as Proposition speakers affirm the motion and Opposition speakers oppose it.

All speakers, except the final speakers for the Proposition and Opposition (Proposition and Opposition Whips), should introduce new material (but not necessarily new arguments). All debaters should refute the opposing teams’ arguments, except the P rime Minister.

The Motions

A single motion will be announced twenty minutes prior to the beginning of the debate and

will be presented to all debaters simultaneously in a general assembly. A different motion will

be used for each round.

Motions typically focus on current issues or timeless controversies and are phrased in a way

that is intended to be specific and unambiguous.

Focus and content of debates

British Parliamentary debating is a contest of ideas in which the Government teams are responsible for providing reasons why the motion is true and the Opposition teams are responsible for providing reasons why the motion is not true or why the Government has failed to prove the motion true. All teams have a responsibility to refute, either directly or indirectly, arguments presented by the opposing side.

Motions are written in plain language. The debaters—particularly the Opening Government team—should respect the meaning and focus of the motion. While the Opening Government team may clarify the meaning of terms in the motion, they should not attempt to alter the meaning of the motion. The Leader of the Government should provide any clarification of terms at the beginning of his or her speech.

In the majority of cases, the clarification provided by the Opening Government team will serve as an adequate foundation for the rest of the debate. Should the Opening Government fail to make clear the focus of the debate, or if the interpretation offered by the Opening Government team completely inhibits meaningful debate or completely misinterprets the meaning the motion, the Opening Opposition may offer clarification of the terms of the motion. No teams beyond the Opening Government and Opening Opposition may substantially modify the terms of the motion.

Preparation

All debates shall commence 15 minutes after the motion has been announced. Debaters may consult any written materials during the preparation time. Electronic media, electronic storage and retrieval devices are all prohibited after motions have been released. Printed and prepared materials may be accessed during a debate.

Debaters may confer with their debate partner during preparation time. Debaters may not confer with any other individuals (i.e.: coaches, other debaters, trainers, adjudicators, etc.) during the preparation time.

The Opening Government shall have the right to prepare in the debating venue. All other teams must prepare in separate locations specified by the Tournament.

Teams must arrive at their chamber immediately after the commencement of debate. Teams failing to arrive in time will forfeit the debate, at the discretion of the Chair of the panel, and shall be replaced by a swing team for the completion of the round.

Points of Information

Debaters may offer a Point of Information (either verbally or by rising) at any time after the first minute, and before the last minute, of any speech.

The debater holding the floor may accept or refuse any Points of Information within this time. If accepted, the debater making the request has 15 seconds to make a statement or ask a question. During the Point of Information, the speaking time of the floor debater continues. Management of Points of Information—for both the debaters offering and answering Points of Information—will be considered in the adjudicators’ ranking of teams and assignment of individual speaker points.

No other parliamentary points such as points of order or points of personal privilege are allowed.

英国议会制辩论规则

英国议会制辩论规则

世界大专辩论赛(WUDC)的规则(英国议会制辩论赛) “辩题”,即辩论所围绕展开的议题。辩题将辩手分为正反两方,且双方均有合理辩论的余地。 通常,辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或三十分钟公布;每轮辩题均不相同。有时,辩题范围(如“环境问题”,“国际关系”等)甚至辩题本身也会在大赛开始前公布。 辩题将在一个中央地点向所有辩手公布。准备时间为十五至三十分钟,由大赛主办方规定。通常,辩手在准备时间内可以与自己的搭档讨论。某些情况下,主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。此间,辩手可以参阅任何纸质资料。世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用任何纸质材料;而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间内使用事前准备好的资料。准备期间,通常可以使用电子词典,但禁止使用其它一切电子设备。 辩论模式 每场辩论由四队参加:正方两队,反方两队。各队独立准备。每队两名辩手,每位辩手按如下顺序陈词,不超过7分钟。 辩论模式简要

辩手辩手名称时间 正方一队,一辩首相"Prime Minister" 7 分钟 反方一队,一辩反对党领袖"Leader of the Opposition" 7 分钟 正方一队,二辩副首相"Deputy Prime Minister" 7 分钟 反方一队,二辩反对党副领袖"Deputy Leader of the Opposition"7 分钟 正方二队,一辩内阁成员"Member for the Government" 7 分钟 反方二队,一辩反对党成员"Member for the Opposition" 7 分钟 正方二队,二辩内阁党鞭陈词"Government Whip" 7 分钟 反方二队,二辩反对党党鞭陈词"Opposition Whip" 7 分钟 议会制辩论质询

英国议会辩论制介绍

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英国议会制辩论赛介绍

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2)辩手提出“质询”(POI,Point of Information 简称)的时间应在第2到第6分钟之间。“质询”是指在对方发言时,针对发言者正在申述的论点提出的本方观点。 3)发言计时从辩手开始说话为始;所有必要内容(包括说明、介绍等)均在计时范围内。 4)计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意: 第1分钟末响铃一次(允许开始提出“质询”); 第6分钟末响铃一次(提出“质询”的时间结束); 第7分钟末连续响铃两次(发言时间结束); 7分15秒连续响铃(发言缓冲时间结束)。 注:在连续两次响铃结束后辩手有15秒“缓冲”时间,在这段时间内允许选手总结已出具论点;缓冲时间内,不允许出具新论据,否则所提新论据可被判为无效;“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被扣分。 4. 辩手角色分配(仅供参考) 1)除了辩论双方的第四辩手,其它所有辩手都需要提出自己的论点。 2)除了“首相”,其他辩手角色都要反驳对方的辩论。

辩论英国议会制bp赛制介绍

英国议会制(B P)赛制介绍Introduction about British Parliamentary Style (一)辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场,每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为”正方”,驳斥辩题的队伍称为”反方”。正、反两方分别由两支队伍构成,并分别发表开篇陈述和总结陈词。每一支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争,最后决出1至4名。 (二)选手发言顺序 每位选手都应按以下顺序进行发言: (三)发言计时 每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟。辩手提出”质询”的时间应在第2到第6分钟之间。”质询”是指在对方发言时,针对发言者正在申述的论点提出的本方观点。 发言计时从辩手开始说话为始;所有必要内容(包括说明、介绍等)都在计时范围内。计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意: ·第一分钟末响铃一次(允许开始提出”质询”)

·第六分钟末响铃一次(提出”质询”的时间结束) ·第七分钟末(7’00’’) 连续响铃两次(发言时间结束) ·超时15’后(7’15’’) 连续响铃(发言缓冲时间结束) 在连续两次响铃结束后辩手有15秒“缓冲”时间,在这段时间内允许选手总结已出具论点。“缓冲”时间内不允许出具新论据,在“缓冲”时间内提出的新论据可以被裁判判为无效。在”缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被裁判团扣分。 (四)辩手角色分配 每个选手都有一个定位,每一个发言都有其特殊目的。下面列出的辩手角色描述具有借鉴作用,并非必须完全遵循。根据不同的辩论形式,辩手有时需要在完成本角色需要说明的部分之外,还要表述其它方面的观点,在正方支持辩题、反方驳斥辩题的基础上,发言结构仍需满足其它论证的需要。 除了辩论双方的第四辩手,其它所有辩手都需要提出自己的论点。除了”首相”,所有辩手都要反驳对方辩友的辩论。

英国议会制辩论常用语精华总结BPdebate

Honorable judges, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen..... LOGICAL & CLEARLY Ways to open a debate To set the framework for our opinion, we believe it is necessary to state…We would like to introduce our stand by giving the following definitions. …In order to effectively debate this topic, we would like to propose…. A number of key issues arise which merit (deserve) closer examination. In the first place we would like to make clear that…. The main argument focuses on…. 1.Giving Reasons and offering explanations: To start with…, The reason why..., That's why..., For this reason..., That's the reason why..., Many people think....,

Considering..., Allowing for the fact that..., When you consider that..., 2. Asking for an opinion from the other party I would be glad to hear your opinion of …我很乐意听听你对……的意见。 I was wondering where you stood on the question of …我想知道你对……问题怎么看。 well…what do you think (about What's your view on the matter 就这件事你的看法呢 how do you see it你怎么看它 do you think that…你认为…吗 3.Stating an opinion陈述观点 I think..., In my opinion..., I believe… I'd like to point out that我想指出的是… Speaking for myself站在自己的立场上说… I'd like to say this…我会这样说… I suppose...,

英国议会制辩论讲座(BP制) - 第六讲党鞭结辩

China Debate Education Network Curriculum Outline Summarizing Arguments in Whip Speeches* 中国辩论教育网络课程大纲 党鞭陈词的论点总结 Notes Summarizing arguments in “Whip” speeches 党鞭陈词中的论点总结 I. Role of Whip speakers 一、党鞭的角色职责 A. Government Whip A.政府党鞭 1. Direct refutation of previous 1.直接反驳前面的反三 opposition speaker 2. Summary: direct 2.总结:直接比较政府和反对党 comparison of government and opposition positions ‐ A Whip speech should be a -党鞭陈词应该是一项归纳重组的工作,应将我方占 reframing job, to regroup all the 优势的论点总结归纳好。 advantageous arguments to that side of the debate. ‐An experienced whip will try to -一个有经验的党鞭会试图将整场辩论纳入己方熟悉 reframe the whole debate by 和喜爱的领域然后加以归纳总结 leading the argumentation process into a familiar and favorable territory to that side of the debate. B. Opposition Whip B.反对党党鞭 1. Summary: direct 1.总结:直接比较政府和反对党 comparison of government and opposition positions 2. Indirect refutation (included 2.间接反驳(包含在总结中) in the summary) ‐Direct refutation may cause the -直接反驳将导致反对党党鞭陷入正方的陷阱:他将 Opposition Whip to fall into a 不得不使用对方的词汇和角度去辩论 trap by debating using the other side’s vocabulary and perspective. ‐Refutation is a necessary part -但反驳对于反四又很重要,鉴于不宜直接反驳,间 of this speech. Since it cannot be 接反驳则更显明智。 * Created September 2012

英国议会制辩论规则

世界大专辩论赛(WUDC)的规则(英国议会制辩论赛) “辩题”,即辩论所围绕展开的议题。辩题将辩手分为正反两方,且双方均有合理辩论的余地。 通常,辩题于各轮比赛开始前十五或三十分钟公布;每轮辩题均不相同。有时,辩题围(如“环境问题”,“国际关系”等)甚至辩题本身也会在大赛开始前公布。 辩题将在一个中央地点向所有辩手公布。准备时间为十五至三十分钟,由大赛主办方规定。通常,辩手在准备时间可以与自己的搭档讨论。某些情况下,主办方也允许辩手与教练或带队老师讨论。此间,辩手可以参阅任何纸质资料。世界大专辩论赛允许辩手在辩论过程中使用任何纸质材料;而其他比赛仅允许辩手在准备时间使用事前准备好的资料。准备期间,通常可以使用电子词典,但禁止使用其它一切电子设备。 辩论模式 每场辩论由四队参加:正方两队,反方两队。各队独立准备。每队两名辩手,每位辩手按如下顺序词,不超过7分钟。 辩论模式简要 辩手辩手名称时间 正方一队,一辩首相"Prime Minister" 7 分钟 反方一队,一辩反对党领袖"Leader of the Opposition" 7 分钟 正方一队,二辩副首相"Deputy Prime Minister" 7 分钟 反方一队,二辩反对党副领袖"Deputy Leader of the Opposition"7 分钟 正方二队,一辩阁成员"Member for the Government" 7 分钟 反方二队,一辩反对党成员"Member for the Opposition" 7 分钟 正方二队,二辩阁党鞭词"Government Whip" 7 分钟 反方二队,二辩反对党党鞭词"Opposition Whip" 7 分钟 议会制辩论质询 在所有词中,除第一分钟及最后一分钟外,辩手都可以口头示意或直接起立提出质询。正在发言的辩手可以接受或拒绝该质询。一旦质询被接受,质询者有15秒的时间述自己的意见。质询时间将被计算在词时间。 如质询被接受,质询者可以提问、提出一个简要论点或者对某一观点进行简要反驳。正在发言的辩手应该立即对质询作出回应。 议会制辩论中只允许质询这一种干预形式。 辩手职责以及词目的 每位辩手在辩论中各司其职,每一次词也各有其目的。下表列出了辩手职责和词目的,但无法穷尽,也非硬性规定。根据每场辩论的具体情况,辩手可能需要履行下表未提及的职责,词目的也可能有所变化,但只要遵循“正方维护辩题、反方攻击辩题”的规则即可。裁判将根据各队论点的有力程度为各辩手评分,而不是简单地根据其完成自己职责的程度评分。以下列出的职责仅供参考。 . .

英国议会辩论制介绍

英国议会辩论制介绍 Revised by Chen Zhen in 2021

本届比赛采用英国议会辩论制(也称为世界大学辩论赛制式),即British Parliamentary Debating,简称BP Format 。 1. 辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场,每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为“正方”,驳斥辩题的队伍称为“反方”。正、反两方分别由两支队伍构成。每一支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争,最后决出1至4名的排名次序。 2. 辩论队伍及选手发言顺序 注: 1)一轮比赛由4支队伍参 加,每队2人;正方的上院和正方下院 代表政府; 2)每场比赛 开始前,抽签决定4支队伍 的4个角色;其中2支队伍 为正方、2支队伍为反方, 互相为竞争关系; 3)表中R 为角色,数字1- 8为发言顺序; 4)每人发言时间为7分钟(含接受和回答POI 质询的时间)。 3. 发言计时 正方上院(OG ) Opening Government R1: Prime Minister/Leader R3: Deputy Prime Minister 反方上院(OO ) Opening Opposition R2: Leader R4: Deputy Leader 正方下院(CG) Closing Government R5: Member R7:Whip 反方下院(CO) Closing Opposition R6:Member R8:Whip

1)每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟。 2)辩手提出“质询”(POI,Point of Information 简称)的时间应在第2到第6分钟之间。“质询”是指在对方发言时,针对发言者正在申述的论点提出的本方观点。 3)发言计时从辩手开始说话为始;所有必要内容(包括说明、介绍等)均在计时范围内。 4)计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意: 第1分钟末响铃一次(允许开始提出“质询”); 第6分钟末响铃一次(提出“质询”的时间结束); 第7分钟末连续响铃两次(发言时间结束); 7分15秒连续响铃(发言缓冲时间结束)。 注:在连续两次响铃结束后辩手有15秒“缓冲”时间,在这段时间内允许选手总结已出具论点;缓冲时间内,不允许出具新论据,否则所提新论据可被判为无效;“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被扣分。 4. 辩手角色分配(仅供参考) 1)除了辩论双方的第四辩手,其它所有辩手都需要提出自己的论点。 2)除了“首相”,其他辩手角色都要反驳对方的辩论。

英国议会制辩论讲座(BP制) - 第七讲反驳

I. Definition o f r efutation Notes A. Refutation i nvolves o ne d ebater directly r esponding t o a n argument o f a n o pposing d ebater. B. Refutation i nvolves a d ebater objecting t o a n a rgument r aised by s omeone o n t he o ther s ide. II. Purpose o f r efutation A. To d eny a c ompeting a rgument B. Weaken o r e ven d estroy a n argument C. To f orce t he o riginal d ebater t o generate a b etter a rgument. III. Methods o f r efutation A. Internal m ethod—considering t he standards o f g ood a rguments 1. Acceptability o f e vidence 2. Relevance o f l ink 3. Sufficiency o f l ink B. External m ethod 1. Creating c ounter a rguments 2. Objecting t o o pposing a rguments with a rguments o f y our o wn * C reated S eptember 2012 反驳的定义反驳涉及到一个辩手直接就对方辩手的论点做出反应反驳涉及到一个辩手反对对方辩手所主张的论点反驳的目的否认争议中的论点 弱化甚至摧毁一个论点迫使原来(提出旧论点)的辩手提出更好的论点反驳方法内部手段:从论证逻辑角度加以批驳证据的可接受性逻辑链的关联性 逻辑链的充分性 RAS三角:良好论点所 应符合的特征 可接受性 关联性充分性 外部手段 建立相抗论点 以我方既有论点反驳对方论点

Introduction to British Parliamentary Debate 英国议会制辩论赛简介

Introduction to British Parliamentary Debate British Parliamentary Debate is very widespread,and has gained major support in the United Kingdom,Ireland,Europe,Africa,and United States.It has also been adopted as the official style of the World Universities Debating Championship and the European Universities Debating Championship. The Motion Every debate has a motion;this is the issue for discussion. A good motion has clear arguments in favour of it and against it. The motions used in most debating competition will be controversial issues,and a young person who frequently reads newspaper and thinks about what they are reading will be well equipped to win in debate. The motion is expressed“This House…”:this is a convention and“The House”is all the people present at the debate. Team Constitution (Two sides and Four factions) 1.Opening Government(first faction): Prime Minister Deputy Prime Minister 2.Opening Opposition(second faction): Leader of the Opposition Deputy Leader of the Opposition 3.Closing Government(third faction): Member for the Government Government Whip 4.Closing Opposition(fourth faction): Member for the Opposition Opposition Whip Team Rules Each team is allocated whether they will propose or oppose the motion. The teams are allocated whether they will speak first or second on their side of the motion. You must not contradict the other team on your side,but you are competing against them. You must show the judges that you can debate more persuasively that the teams on

英国议会制辩论(BP)一辩稿

Thank you chairman! Honorable judges, ladies and gentlemen, good morning! I’m very gland to be the prime minister. Our side firmly believes that The advantages of mobile devices outweigh the disadvantages over interpersonal distance. 定义: Mobile device, in this case,means the mobile phone. It’s a kind of intelligent and multiple mobile equipment which covers information, communication, entertainment,internet and so on. There is no doubt that mobile phoneis an important tool and plays anindispensable role in our life. Now let’s have a look at the definition of interpersonal distance. Distance, we must admit that it includes the aspects of time, space and emotion. So our group will demonstrate the impact of mobile phones on narrowing the distance between people from these three aspects. 观点: (一)情感距离 First of all, the mobile phone makes communication between people easier, convenient and fast, directly narrow the emotional distance between the people.

英国议会制辩论优秀辩题

The International Olympic Committee should remove any age requirements for children to compete in the Olympics. All money currently spent on Confucius Institutes abroad should be spent instead on alleviating domestic poverty. China should hold the passengers of cars driven by drunk drivers criminally liable. China should require students to learn "red songs" (Hong Ge) at all levels of education. 。 China should allow international adoption to homosexual couples whose union is legally recognized in their home jurisdiction. China should require all foreign direct investment projects in Africa to hire least 50% of their workforce locally. Contestants who have undergone cosmetic surgery should be prohibited from competing in beauty pageant. China should establish an inheritance tax on the rich intended to prevent the transference of wealth between generations. China should criminalize academic dishonesty. THW arm the workers of charitable organizations working in unstable areas.

英式辩论赛

英国议会制辩论及其对高校英语教学的启示 2009-11-04 23:36:05 作者:任亮娥绍兴文理学院外国语学院来源:绍兴文理学院学报浏览次数:217 网 友评论0 条 英国议会制辩论是英国和世界大学生辩论赛通用的一种辩论模式。通过介绍其来源、特点、形式、程序、要求及规则,说明对高校英语教学的启示。合理有效地采用辩论式 教学方法,对提高大学生的英语语言综合能力和良好的个人素质有促进作用。 中图分类号:G642.41 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008-293X(2008)11- 0062- 04 1.引言 ^ 20世纪80年代中期,北京大学代表中国高校参加了新加坡创办的亚洲大专辩论赛后,大学生辩论赛开始风靡全国,各种形式的国内国际辩论赛开始层出不穷,许多高校成立.了辩论协会,为大学生搭建了展现自我、交流思想、追求真理、探索问题、关注社会热点的平台.成为大学校园中一项学生乐于参加的校园文化活动。在普遍开展的辩论活动中,英语辩论赛也越来越受3高等院校的重视。目前国家级与国际级英语辩论赛有"外研社杯"全国英语辩论赛(FLTRP Cup Nat ional Debate Tournamsnt)、亚洲大专英语辩论赛(Asian University Debate Championshi ps)、全亚校际辩论锦标赛(All-Asians Intervarsity Debate Championships)、世界大学英语辩论赛(Wetld Uni versity Debate Cham p ionships)、国际辩论教育协会英语辩论赛(International Debate Education Associat ion简禾尔IDEA)。 "外研社"杯英语辩论赛创办于1997年,现已成功举办了十届,是目前全国规模最大、水平最高的英语辩论赛。这一活动的开展促进了我国高校的外语教学,也激发了广大高校学生的外语学习兴趣,加强了校际间的广泛交流与合作,对于培养大学生的良好素质具有许多积极的意义。近年来,外研社组织优胜选手参加了三届世界大学生辩论赛(WUDC),这标志着我国高校与国际间高校的交流和合作拉开了序幕,而且在2007年1月加拿大温哥华第27届世界大学英语辩论赛中,第十届"外研社"杯全国英语辩论赛亚军身份参赛的清华大学代表队经过几轮鏖战,一举夺得组(英语作为一种外语)冠

英国议会制辩论

英国议会制辩论——绅士的博弈 古人云:君子爱财,取之有道。倘若如此,那么英国议会制辩论可谓是:智者善辩,赢之在理了。 不同于美式辩论的唇枪舌剑,步步紧逼,英式议会制辩论更看重辩手本身对辩题的理解程度和自身逻辑思维的清晰度,强调不论在何时双方都应在平等的平台上竞争,并且评价的标准在于双方的参与度以及对辩题的贡献度,远非是否一方将另一方置之死地。因此,整个英式辩论的过程也更加和谐一些。但这绝不意味着其精彩程度会减少一分一毫。相反,去掉那些浮华的小伎俩之后,其思想的碰撞显得更加的激烈和纯粹。 纵观整场辩论,正反双方各四人有且仅有一次正式发言机会,时长7分钟,正反两方交替进行。在这短短7分钟之中,辩手要完成从反驳到立论,接受POI(point of information)及回答等一系列在其他形式辩论中可以用一整场时间完成的任务。这就要求选手需要具备: 1. 清晰的逻辑思维。 赛前从辩题下发到上场时间只有30分钟,这就要求选手必须快速形成思路并且确保及时在接受POI是还能保证思路的连贯性。

2. 较好的语言驾驭能力。 要确保7分钟内表达己方的思想选手必须能够恰当的遣词造句清楚,完整的让评委和对方辩友了解自己的思路。 3. 快速随机应变以及危机处理的能力 在完成演讲的同时,对方辩友极有可能提出质询,很多情况还会出现好几个人同时提出质询的情况。这就要求选手能够在组织思路的同时还能衡量时机是否合适接收质询以及接受谁的质询,从而达到最有利于传递己方思想的效果。 除此之外,演讲时间的分配也尤为重要。一般来说,前2-3分钟用于反驳对方观点,剩下的时间用来建立己方立场以及接受POI。这样做既能保证与对方的互动又能确保有足够的时间阐述清楚己方观点。 英式议会制辩论另一个重要特色就是POI。怎样提出以及接受POI都是选手需要审慎思考的地方。一般来说,每个辩手以接受1-3个POI为宜。过多不利于己方观点阐述,过少则有失互动之嫌。接受的时间一般选在一个论点完成之后,这样有利于保持思路的完整性和连贯性,使得评委和对方辩友更易听懂,切忌在发展一个论点的中途接受POI。而对于提出POI而言,理论上来说是越多越好。一旦发现对方逻辑错误或者论证不合理的地方,应马上起立提出POI。好的POI能够有效的捍卫你的立场同时让对方招架不及。因此,选手应当

英国议会制辩论

英国议会制辩论

二.英国议会制辩论 1. 辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场,每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为"正方",驳斥辩题的队伍称为"反方"。代表正方的两支队伍是正方上院和正方下院,代表反方的两支队伍是反方上院和反方下院。每支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争,最后决出1至4名。 2.选手发言顺序 所有辩手须按照以此顺序进行发言。

3.发言计时 每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟,辩手提出“质询”的时间应在发言人讲话的第2到第6分钟之间。 发言计时从辩手开始说话为始,所有发言内容(包括致謝、开场白等)都在计时范围内。计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意: 1’00”响铃一次(允许开始提出“质询”)6’00”响铃一次(提出“质询”的时间结束)

7' 00”连续响铃两次(发言时间结束) 7' 15”连续响铃(发言“缓冲”时间结束) 在连续两次响铃结束后,辩手有15秒“缓冲”间,在这段时间内允许选手进行总结。“缓冲”时间内不应提出新观点,且裁判可能会判此时间段内提出的新观点与论据为无效。在“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被裁判扣分。 4.辩手角色分配 每个辩手都有特定角色且每段发言都须有明确具体的目的。下面列出的辩手角色及职责可提供借鉴,但比赛中的辩手角色既不仅限于此,也并非皆须面面俱到。由于具体辩论情况不一,在正方支持辩题、反方驳斥辩题的前提下,辩手可能会完成设定角色以外的任务,其发言也可能不仅限于以下陈列的目的。 除了两方最后一位辩手(正方和反方党鞭),其他所有辩手都应引入新的论据和材料(但并不须是新观点)。除了首相,所有辩手都应反驳对方辩手的观点。辩手的职位分为“首相”或“正方领袖”“反方领袖”“副首相”“反方副领袖”

英国议会辩论制介绍审批稿

英国议会辩论制介绍 YKK standardization office【 YKK5AB- YKK08- YKK2C- YKK18】

本届比赛采用英国议会辩论制(也称为世界大学辩论赛制式),即British Parliamentary Debating,简称BP Format 。 1. 辩论队 每轮英国议会制辩论比赛中有4支辩论队同场,每队2人。支持辩题的队伍称为“正方”,驳斥辩题的队伍称为“反方”。正、反两方分别由两支队伍构成。每一支队伍都需要与另3队进行竞争,最后决出1至4名的排名次序。 2. 辩论队伍及选手发言顺序 注: 1)一轮比赛由4 支队伍参加,每队2人;正方的上院和正方下院代表政府; 2)每场 比赛开始前,抽签决定4支队伍的4个角色;其中2支队伍为正方、2支队伍为反方,互相为竞争关系; 3)表中R 为角色,数字1-8为发言顺序; 4)每人发言时间为7分钟(含接受和回答POI 质询的时间)。 3. 发言计时 1)每位辩手的发言的时间均为7分钟。 正方上院(OG ) Opening Government R1: Prime Minister/Leader R3: Deputy Prime Minister 反方上院(OO ) Opening Opposition R2: Leader R4: Deputy Leader 正方下院(CG) Closing Government R5: Member R7:Whip 反方下院(CO) Closing Opposition R6:Member R8:Whip

2)辩手提出“质询”(POI,Point of Information 简称)的时间应在第2到第6分钟之间。“质询”是指在对方发言时,针对发言者正在申述的论点提出的本方观点。 3)发言计时从辩手开始说话为始;所有必要内容(包括说明、介绍等)均在计时范围内。 4)计时人员将在以下时间点向选手示意: 第1分钟末响铃一次(允许开始提出“质询”); 第6分钟末响铃一次(提出“质询”的时间结束); 第7分钟末连续响铃两次(发言时间结束); 7分15秒连续响铃(发言缓冲时间结束)。 注:在连续两次响铃结束后辩手有15秒“缓冲”时间,在这段时间内允许选手总结已出具论点;缓冲时间内,不允许出具新论据,否则所提新论据可被判为无效;“缓冲”时间后仍继续发言的辩手将被扣分。 4. 辩手角色分配(仅供参考) 1)除了辩论双方的第四辩手,其它所有辩手都需要提出自己的论点。 2)除了“首相”,其他辩手角色都要反驳对方的辩论。

BP英国议会制辩论指南UniversityBPGuide

Introduction: This guide is aimed primarily at those of you who have little to no British Parliamentary experience. It is intended to illustrate the mechanics and basic tactics of BP. Sometimes beginners can be discouraged by BP because of various factors in the round. But BP done well can be an incredibly rewarding experience, and trying BP can improve the way you debate in other styles. This guide also includes a DVD of the Hugill 2003 Final as an example of a BP round. The Basics: In BP there are 4 teams in each round. Two teams represent the Government, and two teams represent the Opposition. The Government supports the resolution, and the Opposition opposes the resolution. The teams are also divided into the Opening and Closing halves of the debate. The teams are organized like this in the room: | Opening Government (OG) | Opening Opposition (OO) ______|______ | Closing Government (CG) | Closing Opposition (CO) | There are two speakers on each team. Each speaker has a title. The titles are: OG: Prime Minister OO: Leader of the Opposition Deputy Prime Minister Deputy Leader of the Opposition CG: Member of the Government CO: Member of the Opposition Government Whip Opposition Whip The speaking order is as follows: 1.Prime Minister First Speaker, OG 2.Leader of the Opposition First Speaker, OO 3.Deputy Prime Minister Second Speaker, OG 4.Deputy Leader of the Opposition Second Speaker, OO 5.Member of the Government First Speaker, CG 6.Member of the Opposition First Speaker, CO https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ab16847090.html,ernment Whip Second Speaker, CG 8.Opposition Whip Second Speaker, CO Debates are presided over by a Speaker, who is often the Chair of the adjudicator panel. The Speaker keeps time and calls debaters to the floor.

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