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2010年4月马克思主义基本原理概论真题答案

科学技术是知识形态的生产力，它可以渗透到劳动者、劳动资料和劳动对象中并引起这些基本要素的变化，转化为直接的生产力。在现代，科学技术在生产力中的地位和作用越来越重要，在经济增长中所占的比重越来越大，已经成为现代生产力的生长点、突破口和决定因素，

是先进生产力的集中体现和主要标志。因此，邓小平指出：“科学技术是第一生产力。”

新论断生产力包括先进的、一般的和落后的生产力，先进生产力是生产力大系统中最为活跃的部分。“科学技术是第一生产力，而且是先进生产力的集中体现和主要标志”，这一是对马克思、邓小平生产力理论的进一步深化。

先进生产力是集中体现科学技术发展水平并以此为标志的社会生产力。先进生产力是一个相对的、历史的范畴，在不同的历史时期有着不同的表现形式；先进生产力是生产力系统中最活跃最革命的因素，人类历史就是先进生产力不断取代落后生产力的过程；“代表中国先进生产力发展要求”的重要思想从实践主体的角度，把顺应中国先进生产力的发展要求、做先进生产力的开拓者作为党站在时代前列、始终保持先进性的根本体现，发展了马克思主义的生产力原理。

第一，科学技术对经济发展起首要的变革作用。现代科学技术广泛渗透到经济活动中，渗透到社会生产的各个环节，决定了它成为推动经济发展的决定性因素。科学技术不只是使经济在量上即规模和速度上迅速增长，也使经济发生质的飞跃，在经济结构、劳动结构、产业结构、经营方式等方面发生了变革。

第二，科学技术在生产力诸要素中起着第一位的作用。第二次世界大战之后，科学技术以空前的规模和速度进人生产，使生产力成为一个复杂的体系。在这个体系中，它自身不但直接体现为生产力，而且它作用于其他诸因素，提高劳动者的素质，促进生产工具和生产工艺的进步，扩大了劳动对象的来源和种类，从而成为推动社会生产力的重要力量。

第三，现代科学使管理日趋科学化、现代化。在社会生产力的发展中，使物的要素和人要素有机结合，即管理是使潜在生产力变为现实生产力的关键。科学技术与经济广泛结合，使得管理成为生产力的重要范畴。

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A. A B. B C. C D. D 答案：C 5. A. A B. B C. C D. D 答案：C 6.

A. A B. B C. C D. D 答案：B 7.

A. A B. B C. C D. D 答案：A 8. A. A

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