高级英语第一册参考答案(张汉熙版)

高级英语期末复习资料

Lesson 1

Paraphrase

1.We are elevated 23 feet.(Para.3)

2.The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it.(Para.3)

3.We can batten down and ride it out.(Para.4)

4.The generator was doused, and the lights went out.(Para4)

5.Everybody out the back door to the cars!(Para.11)

6.The electrical systems had been killed by waters.(Para.11)

7.John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt.(Para.17)

8.Get us through this mess, will You?(Para.17)

9.She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away.(Para.21)

10.Janis had just one delayed reaction.(Para.34)

参考答案

11.We’re 23 feet above sea level.

12.The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it.

13.We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.

14.Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also

went out.

15.Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars.

16.The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water.

17.As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilty because

he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland.

18.Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely.

19.Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and

stopped.

20.Janis didn’t show any fear on the spot during the storm, but she revealed her feelings caused

by the storm a few nights after the hurricane by getting up in the middle of the night and crying softly.

Translation( E→C)

1.但是，和住在沿岸的其他成千上万的居民一样，约翰不愿舍弃家园，除非他的家人－妻

子珍妮丝和他们的七个孩子，大的11岁，小的才3岁－明显处于危险之中。

2.随着一声巨响，楼上一个房间里的法式双开门砰地一声被风吹倒了。大家听到楼上其它

玻璃窗破碎时发出的像枪一样的啪啪的响声。

3.大家都吓坏了，喘不过气来，全身都湿透了。他们坐在楼梯上，楼梯的两侧有内墙保护

着。

4.谁都清楚已经无路可逃，是死是活他们只能留在房子里了。

5.过了一会儿，一阵强风把整个屋顶掀到了空中，将其抛到了40英尺之外。

6.在飓风中心约70英里宽的范围内，风速接近每小时200英里，掀起的海浪高达30英尺。

7.未被飓风刮倒的树上像结彩似的挂满被风撕成布条的衣服，吹断的电线像黑色意大利面

条一样一圈一圈地散落在路面上。

8.在废墟里寻找残留物品本应会令人沮丧，可事实上并非如此，因为每一件未被毁坏的东

西都代表他们战胜狂风的一个小小的胜利。

Lesson 2

Paraphrase

21.Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about

them…(Para.2)

22.At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City

Hall.(Para.5)

23.The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the

very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.(Para.7) 24.…experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima

in my socks.(Para.10)

25.The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.(Para.10)

26.After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.(Para.12)

27.I was about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in,

jolting me out of my sad reverie.(Para.18)

28.…and nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the very sight of which would

send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitors.(Para.28)

29.Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character.(Para.38)

参考答案

30.Serious-looking men were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any

attention to the crowds about them.

31.At last the taxi trip came to an end and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the

gigantic City Hall.

32.The rather striking picture of traditional floating houses among high, modern buildings

represents the constant struggle between traditional Japanese culture and the new, Western style.

33.I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the prospect of meeting the mayor

of Hiroshima in my socks.

34.The few Americans and Germans also seemed to feel restrained like me.

35.After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual in greeting and to

show gratitude.

36.I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he

meant. His words shocked me out of my sad dreamy thinking.

37.…and nurses walked by carrying surgical instruments which were nickel plated and even

healthy visitors when they see those instruments could not help shivering.

38.I have the chance to raise my moral standard because of the illness.

Translation( E→C)

１.其次，我感情激动，喉咙哽咽，愁思连绵，这同日本铁路官员说什么毫不相干。

２.踏上广岛的土地，呼吸着广岛的空气，这件事本身就比我过去的任何旅行或采访任务更为激动人心。难道我不是就在犯罪的现场吗？

３.这座历经磨难的城市中的高楼大厦从我们身边一座座飞掠而过，而同时我们也随着司机急打方向盘而在车里东倒西歪。

４.出乎意料，在车站经历的那种感情冲动又回来了。当想到我现在是站在第一颗原子弹爆炸的地方时，我心头沉重。就在这儿，成千上万的人在原子弹爆炸的一刹那遭到杀害。

另有成千上万的人忍受痛苦的折磨，慢慢死去。

５.“没有多少城市能有此盛名。我自豪而高兴地欢迎你们来到广岛，一座因其牡蛎而闻名于世的城市。”

６.“在这个牡蛎之城，有两派不同的看法，一派主张保留轰炸的遗迹，另一派主张消除一切痕迹，甚至连在轰炸中心竖立的纪念碑也拆掉。”

７.“如果你要报导这座城市，请不要忘记指出这是日本最为欢快的城市，尽管城里不少人还暗暗地受着灼伤。”

８.“后来我的头发慢慢地脱落，腹部开始出现水肿。”

Lesson 3

Paraphrase

1.The words spat forth with sudden savagery, all pretense of blandness gone. (Para.18)

2.When they find who done that last night, who killed that kid an’its mother, then high-tailed it,

they’ll throw the books, and never mind who it hits, or whether they got fancy titles neither.

(Para. 19)

3.The Duchess of Croydon—three centuries and a half of inbred arrogance behind her—did not

yield easily.(Para. 19)

4.Even the self-assurance of Ogilvie flickered for an instant.(Para.20)

5.The house detective took his time, leisurely puffing a cloud of blue cigar smoke, his eyes

sardonically on the Duchess as if challenging her objection.(Para.23)

6.There ain’t much, out of the way, which people who stay in this hotel do, I don’t get to hear

about.(Para.28)

7.The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.(Para.75)

8.And when they stopped for petrol, as they would have to, their speech and manner would

betray them, making them conspicuous.(Para.85)

9.There must be no mistake, no vacillation or dallying because of her own smallness of

mind.(Para.100)

参考答案

1.Ogilvie said these words with great contempt and sudden rudeness as if he was spitting. He

threw away his pretended politeness.

2.When they find who killed the mother and the kid and then ran away, they will deal out the

maximum punishment, and they will not care who will be punished in this case or what their social position is.

3.The Duchess was supported by her arrogance coming from her noble family who had

belonged to the nobility for more than three hundred years. So she did not give in easily.

4.The Duchess was a good actress and she appeared so firm about their innocence that, for a

brief moment, Ogilvie felt unsure if his assumption about them was right. But the moment was very short and passed quickly.

5.The house detective was in no hurry. He enjoyed his cigar and puffed a cloud of blue cigar

smoke in a relaxed manner. At the same time, his eyes were fixed disdainfully on the Duchess as if he was openly daring her to object his smoking a cigar, as she had done earlier.

6.If anybody who stays in this hotel does anything wrong, improper or unusual, I always get to

know about it. There isn’t much that can escape me.

7.The Duchess kept firm and tight control of her mind which is working quickly. The Duchess

is thinking quickly, but at the same time keeping her thoughts under control.

8.Furthermore, when they stopped for petrol, as it would be necessary, their speech and manner

would reveal their identity. British English would be particularly noticeable in the South.

9.She mustn’t make any mistakes in her plan, or waver in mind and show indecision or deal

with the situation carelessly due to small-mindedness. In other words she had to take a big chance, to do something very daring, so she must be bold, resolute, decisive and rise to the occasion.

Translation( E→C)

１.她自己的紧张程度并没有减轻，因为她知道他们两人随时都有可能回来。

２.随着一股雪茄烟雾，奥吉勒维进了门。

３.奥吉勒维不紧不慢地拿掉呛人的雪茄，弹掉烟灰，把烟蒂朝右手边的装饰壁炉甩去。４.“听着，该知道的我都知道。我如果按照正当程序做我应该做的事，那么一帮警察会闪电般地到来。”

５.她立刻站了起来，和粗鲁的饭店侦探正面对峙。她满脸怒气，灰绿色的眼睛闪着光。６.“新奥尔良的街道弯弯曲曲，很容易弄错方向。”

７.“如果你那样做，就等于到警察局去自首。”

８.她再次意识到，领导的责任又落在她的肩上。此刻，她的丈夫紧张而激动，面对她与这个坏胖子之间的交锋，他只能袖手旁观。

９.她目不转睛地盯着他的脸，那张漂亮的高颧骨脸庞摆出咄咄逼人的样子。

10.“付费你钱后，我们什么好处也得不到，除了可能有几天临时的喘息时间。”

Lesson 4

Paraphrase

1.“Don’t worry, son, we’ll show them a few tricks.”(Para.2)

2.The case had erupted round my head…(Para.3)

3.No one, least of all I, anticipated that my case would snowball into one of the most famous

trials in U.S. history.(Para.9)

4.“That’s one hell of a jury!”(Para.12)

5.“Today it is the teachers,”he continued, “and tomorrow the magazines, the books, the

newspapers.”(Para.14)

6.“There is some doubt about that,” Darrow snorted.(Para.19)

7.… accused Bryan of calling for a duel to the death between science and religion.(Para.23)

8.Spectators paid to gaze at it and ponder whether they might be related.(Para.26)

9.Now Darrow sprang his trump card by calling Bryan as a witness for the defense.(Para.30)

10.My heart went out to the old warrior as spectators pushed by him to shake Darrow’s

hand.(Para.43)

参考答案

1.“Don’t worry, young man, we’ll do a few things to outwit the prosecution.”

2.I was suddenly engulfed by the whole affair.

3.I was the last one to expect that my case would develop into one of the most famous trials in

American history.

4.“This is a completely inappropriate jury, too ignorant partial.”

5.Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach scientific theory; soon the newspapers

and magazines will not be allowed to express new ideas, to spread knowledge of science.

6.“It’s doubtful whether man has reasoning power,” said Darrow sarcastically, scornfully.

7.… accused Bryan of demanding that a life or death struggle be fought between science and

religion.

8.People paid in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and

humans could have a common ancestry.

9.Darrow surprised everyone by asking for Bryan as a witness for Scopes which was a brilliant

idea.

10.Darrow had gotten the best of Bryan, who looked helplessly lost and pitiable as everyone

ignored him and rushed past him to congratulate Darrow. When I saw this, I felt sorry for Bryan.

Translation( E→C)

１.原教旨主义者坚持对《圣经》作字面解释。而另一方面，现代主义者接受达尔文提出的理论，即所有动物的生命，包括猿与人，均从同一祖先演化而来。

２.在一次这样的争论中，拉普利耶说谁只要教生物学，就一定会教进化论。

３.从周围山区来了不少人，大部分是原教旨主义者。他们是来为支持布赖恩与“外面来的异教徒”对阵而助威的。

４.“他被送上法庭是因为无知与偏执猖獗，而这两者结合在一起，势力不小。”

５.“《圣经》，”他嗓音洪亮地吼道，“是不会被那些不远千里来作证的专家赶出这个法庭的。

这些专家想证明进化论关于人类祖先出自丛林的说法和上帝按照天机、依其形象塑造了并安排世上的看法是并行不悖的。”

６.“真理是永恒的，不朽的，不需要任何凡人机构的支持。”

７.尽管在与布赖恩的口头决斗中马隆取胜，法官仍然裁定不允许科学家为被告作证。

８.“我是在盘问你那些愚蠢的看法，世上没有一个有智力的基督徒会相信这种看法。”９.达德利.费尔.马隆把对我的判决称作是“虽败犹荣”。

１０.克拉伦斯.达罗和达德利.费尔.马隆在戴顿小小的法庭上掀起的辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是思想自由和学术自由的新气氛。这种气氛与年俱增。

Lesson 6

Paraphrase

1.Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruise through

eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of freedom and adventure.(Para.1)

2.The cast of characters set before his in his new profession was rich and varied—a

cosmos.(Para.4)

3.All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a

memory that seemed phonographic.(Para.4)

4.Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its

flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well.(Para.5)

5.He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in

Nevada’s Washoe region.(Para.7)

6.…Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and

humorist.(Para.8)

7.“It was a splendid population—for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at

home…”(Para.9)

8.“Well, that is California all over.”(Para.9)

9.“What a robust people, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only lay ourselves

on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges.”(Para.19)

10.The last of his own illusions seemed to have crumbled near the end.(Para.22)

参考答案

1.Mark Twain is known to most Americans as the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Huck Finn is noted for his simple and pleasant journey through his boyhood which seems eternal and Tom Sawyer is famous for his free roam of the country and his adventure in one summer which seems never to end. The youth and summer are eternal because this is the only age and time we knew them. They are frozen in that age/season for all readers.

2.His work on the boat made it possible for him to meet a large variety of people. It is a world

of all types of characters.

3.All would reappear in his books, written in the colorful language that he seemed to be able to

remember and record as accurately as a phonograph.

4.Steamboat decks were filled with people who explored and prepared the way for others and

also lawless people or social outcasts such as hustlers, gamblers and thugs.

5.He took a horse-drawn public vehicle and went west to Nevada, following the flow of people

in the gold rush.

6.Mark Twain began to work hard as a newspaper reporter and humorist to become well known

locally.

7.Those who came pioneering out west were energetic, courageous and reckless people, because

those who stayed at home were the slow, dull and lazy people.

8.That’s typical of California.

9.If we relaxed, rested or stayed away from all this crazy struggle for success occasionally and

kept the daring and enterprising spirit, we would be able to remain strong and healthy and continue to produce great thinkers.

10.At the end of his life, he lost the last bit of his positive view of man and the world.

Figures of speech (P128—129)

１.Metaphor 2.metaphor 3.metaphor 4.metaphor 5.metonymy 6.metaphor

7.alliteration 8.alliteration 9.personification 10.antithesis

Translation( E→C)

１.马克.吐温出生时的名字是塞缪尔.朗赫恩.克莱门斯，后来才改叫马克.吐温。他一生中有三分之一的时间是在全国游历，体验新的美国历程，然后以作家和幽默家的身份，与世界分享这种历程。

２.所有这一切都会以一种多彩的语言形式在他的书中再现，这种语言与他那留声机般的记忆相融合。

３.轮船的甲板上不仅聚集了具有开创精神的主流人群，也挤满了骗子、妓女、赌徒、恶棍这样的残渣。

４.从他们身上，马克.吐温对人类有了更为敏锐的认识，看到了人们言与行之间的差距。５.对一个习惯于由西海岸引领流行趋势的现代世界来说，他对那些落脚于尚未开发的荒凉之地山的人们的描述听上去一点也不生疏。

６.他不经意地揭穿了那些受尊敬的艺术家和艺术珍宝，还尖锐地将圣地批评了一翻。

７.“这位寡妇按点吃饭；按点睡觉；按点起床－一切都那么井井有条、循规蹈矩，让人受不了。”

８.他与一个逃脱的黑奴承一条木筏顺密西西比河而下的经历就是一副美国社会的动态全景。

９.“……他们从世上消失了，在那个世界上，他们无足轻重，一事无成；在那个世界上，他们本身的存在就是个错误，就是个失败，就是一桩愚蠢的事；在那个世界上，他们没有留下任何表面他们曾经存在过的痕迹。那个世界将为他们哀悼一日，然后永远地将他们忘却。”

Lesson 7

Paraphrase

1.She thinks her sister has held life always in the palm of one hand, that “no”is a word the

world never learned to say to her.(Para.2)

2.My fat keeps me hot in zero weather.(Para.5)

3.Johnny Carson has much to do to keep up with my quick and witty tongue.(Para.5)

4.It seems to me I have talked to them always with one foot raised in flight, with my head

turned in whichever way is farthest from them.(Para.6)

5.She would always look anyone in the eye.(Para.6)

6.She washed us in a river of make-believe, burned us with a lot of knowledge we didn’t

necessarily need to know.(Para.11)

7.Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.(Para.13)

8.Meanwhile Asalamalakim is going through motions with Maggie’s hand.(Para.23)

9.Though, in fact, I probably could have carried it back beyond the Civil War through the

branches.(Para.32)

10.He just stood there grinning, looking down on me like somebody inspecting a Model A

car.(Para.36)

11.Every once in a while he and Wangero sent eye signals over my head.(Para.36)

12.“I can remember Grandmother Dee without the quilts.”(Para.73)

参考答案

1.She thinks that her sister has a firm control of her life, and that she can always has anything

she wants.

2.Because I’m fat, I feel hot even in freezing weather.

3.Johnny Carson has a witty and glib tongue. But I outdo him and so he has to try hard if he

wants to catch up with me.

4.I’m ready to leave as quickly as possible because of discomfort, nervousness, timidity, etc.

and turn my head away from them in order to avoid them as much as possible for the same reason.

5.She would always look at somebody directly and steadily, not feeling embarrassed or

ashamed.

6.She imposed on us lots of falsity and so-called knowledge that was totally useless and

irrelevant to us.

7.She was homely and poor. Besides, she was not smart.

8.Meanwhile, Dee’s boyfriend is trying to shake hands with Maggie in a fancy and elaborate

way.

9.In fact, I could have traced it back before the civil war through the family branches.

10.He just stood there with a grin on his face and looked at me as if inspecting something old and

out -of -date.

11.Now and then he and Dee communicated through eye contact in a secretive way.

12.I do n’t need the quilts to remind me of Grandma Dee. She lives in my memory.

Translation( E→C)

１.我在院子里等她来。昨天下午我和玛吉把院子扫得干干净净，笤帚扫过的地方还留有波浪纹。

２.当硬土地面扫得和屋子的地面一样干净时，当院子边缘的细沙被小小地、不规则的沟槽勾勒出线条时，任何人都可以进到院子里坐坐，看着院子里的榆树，等待微风习习吹来，而微风永远都吹不进房间里。

３.自从大火把我们的老房子烧为灰烬后，她（玛吉）就是这样：低着头，眼睛看着地，走路拖着脚。

４.有时我还能听到火焰燃烧，感到玛吉的手臂紧紧拉着我，她的头发冒着烟，她是衣裙像黑色的薄纸片一样从身上飘落下来。

５.那算不上是真正地窗户，仅仅是在屋子的侧墙上挖的洞而已，好像船上的弦窗，但既不圆也不方，外面用生牛皮固定住窗板。

６.每拍一张照片，就能看到双手在上下推动奶油搅拌器时在木头上留下的印痕。

７.被子上有一块小小的褪了色的蓝布，只有火柴盒的大小，那是从曾祖父埃兹拉在内战时期穿的军服上裁下来的。

Lesson 8

Paraphrase

1.“What is one winter more?”(Para.8)

2.Sher Takhi, who called Korphe’s widely dispersed faithful to prayer five times a day without

the benefit of amplification, filled the small room with his booming voice.(Para.23)

3.As the moon rose over Korphe K2, they danced around the fire and taught Mortenson verses

from the great Himalayan Epic of Gesar, beloved across much of the roof of the world, and introduced him to their inexhaustible supply of Balti folk song. (Para.35)

4.The fact that it wasn’t written down didn’t make it any less real.(Para.37)

5.He’d had too much trouble getting one school off the ground to think on Hoerni’s

scale.(Para.38)

6.The old man led the former climber uphill for an hour, on legs still strong enough to humble

the much younger man.(Para.45)

7.The air had fresh-scrubbed clarity that only comes with altitude.(Para.46)

8.“You have to understand, in these villages, a ram is like a firstborn child, prize cow, and

family pet all rolled into one,” Mortenson explaines.(Para.69)

参考答案

1.What does it matter if we have to go without a school for another winter?

2.Sher Takhi had a booming voice, and without the advantage of amplification it filled the small

room. He called Korphe’s believers, who were widely scattered working on their respective jobs, to pay five times a day.

3.At this time, the moon went up high in the sky above Korphe K2. The villagers danced around

the fire and taught Mortenson lines from the Himalayan Epic of Gesar, beloved across most parts of the Himalayas which is the highest part of the world, and introduced him to a tradition of Balti folk songs so rich that it could never be finished or used up.

4.The Balti didn’t have a written history, but that fact didn’t mean that its rich history didn’t

exist.

5.He had so much trouble getting the plan of building one school started successfully. And he

had to concentrate on completing this one and had no time or energy to think on the large scale of building more schools envisioned by Hoerni.

6.Although Haji Ali was old, his legs were still strong enough to leave the younger man far

behind and thus feel ashamed.

7.The air was so clear as if it had been just scrubbed. You can have such clear air only when you

get to a certain high altitude.

8.In these villages, a ram was very much valued, meaning something extremely precious like a

firstborn child, a prize cow and a family pet combined.

Translation( E→C)

１.这些石头看上去更像是古老的废墟而不是新学校的建筑石板。

２.前一个冬天，当摩顿森离开科尔飞村时，他把固定帐篷用的木桩打进冻土，并系上红蓝

两色编织的尼龙绳，来标记他心中有五间房子的学校的范围。

３.科尔飞的清真寺在过去的几个世纪里根据坏境的变化而变化，如同挤在寺里的人们一样随着时间改变了他们的信仰。

４.他和摩顿森一起测量了确切的长度，把绳子浸在钙和石灰的混合液里，然后用村子里经过时间考验的土办法标出了工地的长宽范围。

５.哈吉.阿里和儿子塔瓦哈把绳子拉得紧绷绷的，然后朝地面上用力地弹了一下，在夯实的地面上留下白色的线条，那些线条就是将来学校的墙壁竖立起来的地方。

６.当沟挖好时，哈吉.阿里冲两块切割了好久的大石头点点头，这时，六个男人抬起石头，艰难地移动着步子朝挖好的沟移动，然后将石头慢慢放到面向乔戈里峰的科尔飞村的地基角落处。

７.“公羊太大了，以至于即使塔瓦哈用尽最大的力气，也是公羊拽着他往前走，一步步接近公羊的屠宰者。”

８.“目睹这个和我在主日学校学到的《圣经》故事一模一样的场面，我不禁想到不同的信仰之间有着如此多的相似之处，并且，人们可以将其传统追溯到同一个根源。”

９.在最后一块骨头被敲碎、最后一条骨髓被吸干后，摩顿森加入到一群男人中，他们点燃了一堆篝火，那里正是他们期望的不久将竣工的学校的院子。

１０.在他们脚下一千英尺之处，即将成熟的大麦田将科尔飞染成一片翠绿色。它看山去如此渺小和脆弱，就像在一片石头海洋中漂泊的一叶小小的救生筏。

１１.“那些公羊很快就会被吃光，但这个学校将会长久地屹立着。”

１２.我意识到我经历的所有苦难，从承诺盖一所学校开始，到为建成学校而进行的长期斗争，所有这些与他为自己的村民准备做出的牺牲相比都是微不足道的。

Lesson 9

Paraphrase

1.The document they produced was eventually signed, but ultimately unfinished.(Para.3)

2.But it also comes from my own story.(Para.7)

3.But it is a story that has seared into my genetic makeup the idea that this nation is more than

the sum of its parts—that out of many, we are truly one.(Para.9)

4.Throughout the first year of this campaign, against all predictions against the contrary, we saw

how hungry the American people were for this message of unity.(Para. 10)

5.Despite the temptation to view my candidacy through a purely racial lens, we won

commanding victories in states with some of the whitest populations in the country.(Para.10) 6.We saw racial tensions bubble to the surface during the week before the South Carolina

primary.(Para.11)

7.On one end of the spectrum, we’ve heard the implication that my candidacy is somehow an

exercise in affirmative action; that it’s based solely on the desire of wide-eyed liberals to purchase racial reconciliation on the cheap.(Para.13)

8.I can no more disown him than I can disown the black community.(Para.22)

参考答案

1.After heated debate and compromises, the Construction was finally adopted by the

Constitutional Convention and 39 out of 55 delegates signed the document. But the

“ three-fifths’’ clause and the twenty years allowed for the slave trade showed the slave issue was not solved, so the process of forming a more perfect union did not end with the enforcement of the Constitution.

2.My personal background and my success story, rising from rags to riches, also teach me the

importance of unity.

3.I am deeply ingrained, through my experience in the United States, with the idea that America

is not a total of adding everything together but is the product of fusion, of sharing the same creed.

4.In spite of all announcements that America was not ready for a black president, that I would

fail in the campaign, we gained momentum in the first year of the campaign, which showed that the American people demanded unity and change.

5.People were encouraged to judge me from the perspective of a black candidate, raising the

question of whether the United States would fare better with a black president. However, we won great victories even in some of the more conservative states, states with stronger racial bias.

6.The week before the Democrats were to select their delegates to the national convention in

South Carolina, attacks on me, on blacks became more frequent, more intense.

7.At one end of the entire range of option, there are people who say that I decided to run

because I wanted to show black and white should have equal opportunity and I wanted to play on the desires of na?ve liberals to achieve racial harmony without making great effort.

8.It is impossible for me to cast him off just as it is impossible for me to repudiate the black

community.

Translation( E→C)

１.一百二十一年前，就在街对面的大厅里，一群人聚集在，用这样简朴的语言，开始了美国的民主实践，这在当时被认为是难以成功的。

２.它被原罪的奴隶制玷污了，这个问题使各州对立，并一度使制宪会议陷入僵局。后来开国者们允许奴隶卖卖延续了至少二十年，而把问题的最终解决留给了后代。

３.我的故事没有把我变成一个十分守旧的候选人。但这种经历却把这样一种观念深深地烙在我身上，美国不是一个由各种成分简单叠加构成的集合体－而是由多种成分融合成的一个整体。

４.相反地，这些言论反映了一种严重歪曲这个国家的观点。这种观点认为白人种族主义是美国特有的一种流行病，并使美国出现的问题凌架于其它美好的东西之上。这种观点认为中东冲突的根源在于我们的忠实盟友以色列的做法，而不是源于伊斯兰教激进分子扭曲和充满仇恨的意识形态。

５.这些故事－关于生存、自由、希望的故事－成为我们的故事和我的故事。曾经流过的血是我们的血，曾经流过的泪是我们的眼泪。直到今天这个阳光明媚的日子，这个黑人的教会又一次承载着这个名族的故事，传承给后代，传达给世界上更多的人。

６.仁慈与残酷，极端睿智和惊人愚昧，斗争与成就，爱与认同，怨恨与偏见，这些因素统统包含在教会中，构成黑人在美国的经历。

７.在与他的谈话中，我从没听过他用贬损的语言谈到另一个族裔，而他在与白人打交道时也总是表现得十分礼貌和尊重。

８.赖特牧师布道时对美国攻击的言论犯了一个错误－简单化，妖魔化，并把负面的东西无限夸大，导致对现实的歪曲，而这种错误我们也会犯。

Lesson 10

Paraphrase

1.Understanding this reality requires a reminder of how we arrived at this point.(Para.27)

2.“The past isn’t dead and buried. In fact, it isn’t even past.”(Para.27)

3.But for all those who scratched and clawed their way to get a piece of the American Dream,

there were many who didn’t make it—those who were ultimately defeated, in the barbershop or the beauty shop or around the kitchen table.(Para.32)

4.But it does find voice in the barbershop or the beauty shop or around the kitchen

table.(Para.32)

5.And occasionally it finds voice in the church on Sunday morning in the pulpit and in the

pews.(Para.33)

6.They are anxious about their futures, and feel their dreams slipping away; and in an era of

stagnant wages and global competition, opportunity comes to be seen as a zero sum game, in which your dreams come at my expense.(Para.34)

7.Talk show hosts and conservative commentators built entire careers unmasking bogus claims

of racism while dismissing legitimate discussions of racial injustice and inequality as mere political correctness or reverse racism.(Para.35)

8.It’s a racial stalemate we’ve been stuck in for years.(Para.37)

9.For the African-American community, that path means embracing the burdens of our past

without becoming victims of our past.( Para.39)

10.In the white community, the path to a more perfect union means acknowledging that what ails

the African-American community does not just exist in the minds of black people; that the legacy of discrimination and current incidents of discrimination, while less overt than in the past, and these feelings are real and must be addressed.(Para.42)

11.We can pounce on some gaffe by a Hillary supporter as evidence that she’s playing the race

card, or we can speculate on whether white men will all flock to John McCain in the general election regardless of his policies.(Para.44)

12.Or, at this moment, in this election, we can come together and say, “Not this time.”(Para.47) 参考答案

1.In order to understand the complexities of race we need to know the history and development

of racial relations, the sufferings and injustices the blacks were subjected to.

2.The influence of what happened in pervious times has not disappeared. Such influence can

still be seen.

3.Out of those who worked or struggled very hard to climb the social ladder, many did not

succeed. They were defeated in life’s struggle, as a result of racial discrimination.

4.Views colored by race may come up at informal conversation at the barbershop (or

barbershops) where men meet, or over dinner among family members.

5.And once in a while such sentiments are expressed in sermons and among church

congregations.

6.As a result, white Americans are very much worried about their future, feeling that their

American dream is coming to an end, feeling hopeless and helpless. So they have a hostile attitude toward those whom they consider their competitors.

7.Talk show hosts and conservative commentators became famous through exposing so-called

unreal incidents of racism and labeled reasonable discussion of unfair treatment of minorities as catering to excessive sensibility to minority cause or as racism against the whites.

8.The anger of the blacks and the resentment of the whites are not groundless. Both groups have

legitimate concerns. Yet their anger is directed toward the wrong target, thus hampering the solution of the issues which cause the anger. Neither side has come to see the problem. So a racial deadlock exists.

9.The black community should face and handle bravely the legacy of racial injustice of the past

while at the same time should not feel they are being wronged all the time.

10.For the whites, they should see clearly that the wrong done to the blacks in the past is a fact

and subtle discrimination still exists today and should be solved properly.

11.We can jump on some remarks made by some Hillary supporters against me and use this to

show that Hillary also appeals to whites to defeat me in the Democratic campaign or predict that white people would support John McCain, not because of his policy but because of his skin color.

12.Or, now and here, the American people, black and white, Asian and Hispanic and Native

American, can unite and reject the politics that produce division and conflict.

Translation( E→C)

１.法律上认可的歧视－譬如说黑人拥有房产，有时甚至采取暴力手段达此目的，或是不给非裔美国人的业主贷款，不让黑人购房者取得联邦房屋部门的抵押贷款保险，把黑人排除在工会、警察队伍或者消防部门之外－这意味着黑人家庭难以积累家产以传给后代。２.无数的黑人社区缺乏基本服务设施－没有公园让孩子们玩，没有警察巡逻，没有定期的垃圾收集，不执行建筑规范－所有这些造成了暴力、挫折和无人监管的不断循环，至今仍让我们提心吊胆。

３.黑人的愤怒常常产生不了什么作用，与此同时，这些白人的忿恨也把注意力从挤压中产阶级的真正罪魁祸首身上移开－真正的罪人是充满内部交易的企业文化，很成问题的会计惯例，只顾眼前的贪婪心态，被院外集团和特殊利益集团把持的政府，以及关注少数而不顾多数人的经济政策。

４.与某些批评我的人所说的相反，不管这些批评者是黑人还是白人，我从来没有天真到认为单凭一个选举周期，或者一个候选人，特别是像我这样不完美的候选人，就能让我们超越种族分期的问题。

５.但是我强调了一个坚定的信念－一个根植于我对上帝的信仰和对美国人民信任的信念－如果我们共同努力，就能摆脱某些过去的种族伤痕。事实上，如果我们要沿着建设一个更完善的联邦这条路继续走下去，我们别无选择。

６.在白人社区，建设更完善的联邦之路就是要承认困扰非裔美国人社区的问题并不是黑人头脑中想象出来的，而是真实存在的；种族歧视的后遗症以及当今的歧视事件，虽然没有过去那样明目张胆，却是真实存在且必须要解决的。

７.说到底，我们所需要的，正是世界上各大宗教所要求的，不多也不少－己所不欲，勿施于人。

８.联邦可能不是十全十美，但一代代人的努力表明可以使其不断完善。

Lesson 11

Paraphrase

1.Your imagination comes to life, and this, you think, is where Creation was begun.(Para.1)

2.But warfare for the Kiowas was preeminently a matter of disposition rather than of survival,

and they never understood the grim, unrelenting advance of the U.S. Cavalry.(Para.3)

3.My grandmother was spared the humiliation of those high gray walls by eight or ten

year…(Para.3)

4.It was a long journey toward dawn, and it led to a golden age.(Para.4)

5.They acquired horses, and their ancient nomadic spirit was suddenly free of the

ground.(Para.4)

6.Clusters of tree and animals grazing far in the distance cause the vision to reach away and

wonder to build upon the mind.(Para.7)

7.I was never sure that I had the right to hear, so exclusive were they of all mere custom and

company.( Para.11)

8.Transported so in the dancing light among the shadows of her room, she seemed beyond the

reach of time. But that was illusion; I think I knew then that I should not see her again.( Para.11)

9.The women might indulge themselves; gossip was at once the remark and compensation of

their servitude.(Para.13)

参考答案

1.The landscape makes your imagination vivid and lifelike, and you believe that the creation of

the whole universe was begun right here.

2.The Kiowa often fought just because they were good warriors, because they fought out of

habits, character, nature, not because they needed extra lands or material gains for the sake of surviving and thriving. And they could not understand why the U.S. Cavalry never gave up pushing forward even when they had won a battle.

3.Luckily, my grandmother did not suffer the humiliation of being put into a closure for holding

animals, for she was born eight or ten years after the event.

4.They moved toward the east, where the sun rises, and also toward the beginning of a new

culture, which led to the greatest moment of their history.

5.Now they got horses. Riding on horseback, instead of walking on foot, gave them this new

freedom of movement, thus completely liberating their ancient nomadic spirit.

6.The earth unfolds and limit of the land is far in the distance, where there are clusters of trees

and animals eating grass. This landscape makes it possible to see far into the distance and in all directions.

7.I was not sure that I had any right to overhear her praying, which did not follow any

customary way of praying, and which I guess she did not want anyone else to hear.

8.In this way she was completely moved to another state in the dancing light among the

shadows of her room, and she seemed to be timeless (what she represented would last forever).

9.On these special occasions, women might make loud and elaborate jokes and talk among

themselves. Their gossip revealed their position as servants of men and was also a reward for their servitude.

Translation( E→C)

１.虽然那里很美丽，但人们可能有受束缚、被禁锢的感觉。

２.放眼望去，四周天际近在咫尺，触手可及。这天际是树木围成的高墙和一条条幽深的裂缝。

３.七月，落基山脉面向平原的山坡上长满了亚麻、荞麦、景天和翠雀等各种植物。

４.草木樨长满了山丘，它低垂的枝叶盖到地上，密密地封住土壤。

５.基奥瓦人来到克老人的土地上，他们在黎明时，隔着巨角河可以看到山的背阴处，充足的阳光照在层层地庄稼地上。

６.在一座山顶山，我看到魔鬼塔高高插入灰蒙蒙的天空，似乎在时间诞生之时，地核开裂，地壳破裂，宇宙的运动从此开始。

７.我的祖母对太阳怀有一种敬畏，而这种神圣的敬意现在在人类身上几乎不存在了。８.在当时的视线下，那只蟋蟀就像化石一样镶嵌在月亮中。

９.我猜想，那蟋蟀到那里去生活和死亡，因为只有在那里它的渺小价值才能变得完整和永恒。

Lesson 13

Paraphrase

1.I observe with amusement how totally the concerns of the world, which once absorbed me to

the exclusion of all else except an occasional relaxation with poetry or music, have lost interest for me even to the extent of a bored distaste.( Para.2)

2.Or maybe Laura’s unwitting influence has called it out.(Para.2)

3.Dismissive as a Pharisee, I regarded as moonlings all those whose life was lived on a less

practical plane.(Para.3)

4. A hard materialism was my creed, accepted as a law of progress; any ascription of

disinterested motives aroused not only my suspicion but my scorn.(Para.3)

5.And now see how I stand, as sentimental and sensitive as any old maid doing water colours of

sunset.(Para.4)

6.I want my fill of beauty before I go.(Para.4)

7.…no longer what people believe me to be; a middle-aged journalist taking a holiday on an

ocean-going liner, but a liberated being, bathed in mythological waters, and Endymion young and strong, with a god for his father and a vision of the world inspired from Olympus.(Para.5)

8.All weight is lifted from my body; I’m one with the night…(Para.5)

9.Thus, I imagine, must the pious feel cleansed on leaving the confessional after the solemnity

of absolution.(Para.5)

10.So do I let my imagination play over the recesses of Laura’s character, so austere in the

foreground but nurturing what treasures of tenderness, like delicate flowers, for the discovery of the venturesome.(Para.8)

11.We might all take a lesson from him, knowing the latitude we can permit ourselves.( Para.17)

12.This is the new Edmund Carr with a vengeance.(Para.19)

13.… the Pacific alone dwarfs all the continents put together.(Para.34)

14.I have been exhilarated by two days of storm, but above all I love these purposeless days in

which I shed all that I have ever been.(Para.34)

参考答案

1.I was once so completely absorbed in the important affairs of the world that I devoted all my

attention, time and energy to them and only occasionally did I allow myself a little rest by reading poetry or listening to music.

2.Or maybe my suppressed inclination has been brought out under Laura’s unintentional

influence.

3.I was as puritanical as a Pharisee and I viewed with contempt all those who lived a less

practical life than my own and regarded them as creatures on the moon.

4.I firmly believed in uncompromising materialism which in my opinion represented the law of

human progress. When people claimed that they protested against damaging natural beauty out of unselfish motives, I suspected them and viewed them with contempt. I not only disbelieved people when they said they did things out of unselfish motives, I also held them in contempt.

5.Just imagine how I have changed now. Here I stand, sentimental and sensitive, like an old

unmarried woman painting a water-color picture of the sunset.

6.I want to enjoy beauty to my heart’s content before I die.

7.At this moment I am not the middle-aged journalists that people believe me to be, spending a

holiday on an ocean-going liner. I have now become a liberated person, bathed in magic waters, and I feel I am like Endymion, a young and strong youth who has a god for his father and gifted with the power to see the world inspired by the gods at Olympus.

8.I feel that I am weightless and totally absorbed by the night and feel at peace with the night.

9.I imagine devoted religious people must feel as clean and pure as I do now when they leave

the solemn confessional after gaining pardon for their sins.

10.In the same way I let myself freely imagine what the innermost part of Laura’s character

presents. She looks so severe outwardly, but inwardly she is full of tenderness---tenderness like delicate flowers waiting for the daring to discover them.

11.We human beings ought to learn from the wise bird, knowing how far we can allow ourselves

to go; knowing how much freedom of conduct we can allow ourselves to have.

12.Here I’m born anew, completely different from the past, changed excessively or to an unusual

extent.

13.The Pacific Ocean alone is much larger than all the continents combined.

14.A storm that lasted two days has made me extremely excited and happy, but above all, I love

these idle days in which I throw off all the qualities, perspectives, values and everything else that made me as what I was; I’m born anew.

Figures of speech (P319)

１.metonymy 2.metonymy 3.euphemism 4.personification 5.personification

6.transfered epithet

7.alliteration

8.metaphor

9.transferred epithet

10.onamatopoeia

Translation( E→C)

１.我怕可以观察她而不让她发觉，这让我感到愉悦，因为我可以像看电影一样欣赏她优雅的动作，不论是举杯送到唇边，还是扭头与邻座交谈，或是用她那纤细的手指从烟盒中夹取香烟。

２.当我冒昧地将这话对她将时，她对我这种笨拙的恭维报以开心的笑声，并说我最好不再写政治评论而该行写时尚评论算了。

３.这无疑是自己受某种本能的驱使，要用一些过去无暇顾及的更加高雅的享受来贪婪地填补自己生命中的最后几周，释放那些在过去受到压抑但一直潜伏在自己心中的欲望。４.我不知道也不想知道自己的地理位置。海上没有指向标。

５.倘若在白天，我们远眺大海，海面上时而翻卷起犹如白色小马奔腾的浪花，时而平静的宛若微微飘动起伏的蓝色缎面，完全见不到翻起的浪花，只有我们的轮船驶过之处才泛起一道道大理石状的波纹。

６.我最喜爱的是悬崖峭壁，其背后是高耸云端、神秘莫测的峰峦叠嶂，那山峰只有最勇敢的人才能攀登。

７.同样，我让自己的想象力尽情地探索劳拉性格的最深密之处。她的性情表面上严肃可畏，但却滋润着丰富的温柔情感，宛如娇嫩的花朵，等待有勇之士的发现。

８.他的妻子马上出门迎接他。他们都和年轻，皮肤是金褐色的。她从他手中接过捕捞的鱼，他们那年茅草棚充满了健康和爱。

９.劳拉和我有一种自娱的方法，就是等着观看太阳从地平线上消失的那一瞬间产生的一道绿色闪光。

１０.船上的图书室里摆着一个巨大的地球仪，照我看来，它的作用就是展示海洋和充满麻烦与烦恼的陆地之间的比例，仅一个太平洋就比所有的大陆加起来的面积还要大。

１１.两天的暴风雨就能让我欣喜异常，但我最喜欢的还是这些漫长的无所事事的日子，在这些日子里，我抛弃了旧我，获得了新生，可谓脱胎换骨。

１２.

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张汉熙高级英语第三版paraphrase Unit1 1、We’re elevated 23. Our house is 23 feet above sea level. 2、The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. we can batten down and ride it out. We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4、The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity so the lights also went out. 5、Everybody out the back door to the cars! Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars 6、The electricity systems had been killed by water. The electricity systems in the car had been put out by water . 7、John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8、Get us through this mess, will you? Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely. Unit2 Serious-looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them... They were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed not to pay any attention to the people around them. At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. At last the taxi trip come to an end, and I suddenly discovered that I was in front of the gigantic City Hall. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. The traditional floating houses among high modern buildings represent the constant struggle between old tradition and new development ...experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in m y socks. 一想到这样穿着袜子去见广岛市长我就感到十分困窘不安。 I suffered from a strong feeling of shame when I thought of the scene of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks only. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restraint as I was After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible. After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people as a ritual to show gratitude I was just about to make my little bow of assent,when the meaning of the last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie. I was on the point of showing my agreement by nodding when I suddenly realized what he meant. His words shocked me out my sad dreamy thinking . ...and the nurses walked by carrying nickel-plated instruments, the very sight of which would send

高级英语-张汉熙版 paraphrase

UNIT1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille 1. We're elevated 23 feet. (para 3) We' re 23 feet above sea level. 2. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. (para 3) The house has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever caused any damage to it. 3. We can batten down and ride it out. (para 4) We can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage. 4. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. (para 9) Water got into the generator and put it out. It stopped producing electricity, so the lights also went out. 5. Everybody out the back door to the cars! (para 10) Everybody go out through the back door and run to the cars. 6. The electrical systems had been killed by water. (para 11) The electrical systems in the car had been put out by water. 7. John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. (para 17) As John watched the water inch its way up the steps, he felt a strong sense of guilt because he blamed himself for endangering the whole family by deciding not to flee inland. 8. Get us through this mess, will Y ou? (para 17) Oh God, please help us to get through this storm safely. 9. She carried on alone for a few bars; then her voice trailed away. (para 21) Grandmother Koshak sang a few words alone and then her voice gradually grew dimmer and stopped. 10. Janis had just one delayed reaction. (para 34) Janis displayed rather late the exhaustion brought about by the nervous tension caused by the hurricane. UNIT 4Inaugural Address 1. And yet the same revolutionary beliet for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe (para 2) Our ancestors fought a revolutionary war to maintain that all men were created equal and God had given them certain unalienable rights which no state or ruler could take away from them. But today this issue has not yet been decided in many countries around the world. 2. This much we pledge--and more. (para 5) This much we promise to do and we promise to do more. 3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (para 5) United and working together we can accomplish a lot of things in a great number of joint undertakings. 4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (para 9) We will not allow any enemy country to subvert this peaceful revolution which brings hope of progress to all our countries. 5. our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace (para 10) The United Nations is our last and best hope of survival in an age where the instruments of war have far surpassed the instruments of peace. 6. to enlarge the area in which its writ may run (para 10) We pledge to help the United Nations enlarge the area in which its authority and mandate would continue to be in effect or in force. 7. before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental

张汉熙高级英语第三版第12 课课文翻译和单词

12 沙漠之舟 艾尔?戈尔 我头顶烈日站在一艘渔船的滚烫的钢甲板上。这艘渔船在丰收季节一天所处理加工的鱼可达15吨。但现在可不是丰收季节。这艘渔船此时此刻停泊的地方虽说曾是整个中亚地区最大的渔业基地，但当我站在船头向远处眺望时，却看出渔业丰收的希望非常渺茫。极目四顾，原先那种湛蓝色海涛轻拍船舷的景象已不复存在，取而代之的是茫茫的一片干燥灼热的沙漠。渔船队的其他渔船也都搁浅在沙漠上，散见于陂陀起伏、绵延至天边的沙丘间。十年前，咸海还是世界上第四大内陆湖泊，可与北美大湖区五大湖中的最大湖泊相媲美。而今，由于兴建了一项考虑欠周的水利工程，原来注入此湖的水被引入沙漠灌溉棉田，咸海这座大湖的水面已渐渐变小，新形成的湖岸距离这些渔船永远停泊的位置差不多有40公里远。与此同时，这儿附近的莫里那克镇上人们仍在生产鱼罐头，但所用的鱼已不是咸海所产，而是从一千多英里以外的太平洋渔业基地穿越西伯利亚运到这儿来的。 我因要对造成环境危机的原因进行调查而得以周游世界，考察和研究许多类似这样破坏生态环境的事例。一九八八年深秋时节，我来到地球的最南端。高耸的南极山脉中太阳在午夜穿过天空中的一个孔洞照射着地面，我站在令人难以置信的寒冷中，与一位科学家进行着一场谈话，内容是他正在挖掘的时间隧道。这位科学家一撩开他的派克皮大衣，我便注意到他脸上因烈日的曝晒而皮肤皲裂，干裂的皮屑正一层层地剥落。他一边讲话一边指给我看。从我们脚下的冰川中挖出的一块岩心标本上的年层。他将手指．到二十年前的冰层上，告诉我说，“这儿就是美国国会审议通过化空气法案的地方。”这里虽处地球之顶端，距美国首都华盛顿两大洲之遥，但世界上任何一个国家只要将废气排放量减少一席在空气污染程度上引起的相应变化便能在南极这个地球上最偏而人迹难至的地方反映出来。 迄今为止，地球大气层最重要的变化始于上世纪初的工业命，变化速度自那以后逐渐加快。工业意味着先是煤、后是石油消耗。我们燃烧了大量的煤和石油——导致大气层二氧化碳含的增加，这就使更多的热量得以留存在大气层中，从而使地球的候逐渐变暖。离南极极点不到一百码远，在雪上飞机降落的冰铺道上风处，科学家们一日数次地测量大气，以便绘制图表记录下无情的变化。雪上飞机在冰铺跑道上降落后，引擎仍得保持运聋以防金属部件冻住而无法发动。在我访问期间，我观看了一位科家绘出那天的测量结果，把图表上一条斜度很大的上升的线再上推进。他告诉我——在这地球的尽头——很容易看清全球大层的巨大变化的速度仍在加快。 两年半以后，在地球的另一端，在寒冷至极的北冰洋上漂浮的一块十二英尺厚的冰板上搭起的小帐篷里我又体验到了在午的阳光下睡觉的滋味。饱吃了一顿早餐后，我和同伴们一起乘雪防滑汽车北行数英里，到了约定会合地点，那儿的冰层较薄——有三英尺半厚——水下有一艘核潜艇在那儿徘徊着。潜艇破冰上来，载上新的乘客后又潜了下去。我也就开始同那些正设法以高的精确度测量极地冰帽厚度的科学家们进行交谈。许多人认北极冰层由于地球气候的转暖而正在变薄。此前我刚刚通过谈使美国海军方面与研究北极冰层的科学家达成协议，向他们提由水下声纳系统探测得到的本来属于最高机密的有关资料，这资料有助于他们了解北极冰层所发生的情况。现在我想实地考一下北极极点。我们登上潜艇约八个小时后，潜艇冲破冰层浮上面。于是，我便置身于一片神奇瑰丽的冰雪世界中。雪原上寒风劲扫，银光闪耀，其边缘则是一道由连绵起伏的小冰丘或由冰席相撞、相互挤压而形成小型山脉的冰层“压脊”勾勒出的地平线。但即使在这儿，空气中二氧化碳的含量也在不断上升，最后气温也必然会随之上升——事实上，地球气候变暖会使南北极地区在气温上升的速度上远高于世界的其他地区。随着极地气温的升高，这里的冰层会融化变薄。由于南北极的冰帽对全球的气候有着至关重要的调节作用，它们的融化将会带来灾难性的后果。 探索这些问题并不是一种纯理论性的工作。我从北极回来后过了六个月，就有一队科学家报称北极冰层的分布结构已发生显著变化；另一队科学家则在考察报告中提出了一个更有争议的说法(如今已有大量资料可以佐证)：总体说来，仅在过去十年当中，北极冰层已融化了百分之二。另外，科学家们还在几年前就已证实，在北极圈以