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专四语法知识考点

专四语法知识考点

专四语法知识重点考点

(句子成分clause elements : page13 )

(基本句型basic clause type: page16 )

(主谓一致subject-verb concord: page22)

(主谓一致/集体名词subject-verb concord / collective noun: page27 )(限定词determiner: page60 & 64)

(代词pronoun: page86 )

(反身代词reflexive pronouns : page98)

(代词照应pronoun reference: page 104)

(人称代词的类指用法personal pronoun, generic reference: page102)(名词属格genitive noun: page53 )

(介词词组prepositional phrases : page308)

(副词adverb : page272 )

(动词的时和体tense and aspect: page119--160)

(现在完成时present perfective: page140 )

(将来时间表示法means of expressing future time: page 151--159)(情态助动词modal auxiliaries: page191 & 206)

(半助动词semi-auxiliaries: page210 )

(并列连词coordinator : page342; 从属连词subordinator: page 346)(感叹句exclamation / exclamatory sentence: page323)

(祈使句imperative sentence: page321)

(疑问句question: page314-319)

(特殊疑问句/ 附加疑问句special / tag question: page 314--319)(虚拟语气subjunctive mood: page181 & 185)

(名词性分句nominal clauses: page348)

(不定式infinitive: page219--239)

(-ing分词/分句–ing participle / clause: page241 & 367)

(-ing分词作形容词–ing participle as adjective : page263 )

(同位语appositive: page418)

(状语adverbial: page421)

(原因状语分句adverbial clause of cause : page350)

(让步状语分句adverbial clause of concession : page350 )

(方式状语分句adverbial clause of manner : page350 )

(关系分句/ 关系词relative clause / word: page382)

(比较结构comparative construction : page285 & 292 )

(被动态passive voice : page 161—178)

(动词性替代verbal substitution : page432)

(后置postponement: page 447--449)

(前置fronting; 倒装inversion: page 450--452)

(存在句existential sentence: page325--329)

(无动词分句verbless clauses: page 373—374)

(独立结构absolute construction: page 375—377)

(省略ellipsis: page 438—444)

大学英语三级语法知识总结汇总

1.三级语法考点归纳 2.一.虚拟语气 3.1. if 句中虚拟形式 4.if 引导的非真实条件句(纯粹假设或发生的可能性不大): 5.条件从句主句 6.与现在相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do 与将来相反 did (be were) would/ should/ might/ could do 7.与过去相反 had done would/ should/ might/ could have done 例句 8.If we left (leave) now, we should arrive in time. 9.If they hadn’t gone on vacation, their house wouldn’t have been broken (break) into. 2. 原形虚拟: 10.a. 表命令、决定、要求、建议等词语之后的that-分句中,用动词原形。 11.suggest, demand, advise, propose, order, arrange, insist, command, require, request, desire …… that +(should) do 12.例如 He suggested that we should leave early. My suggestion is that we should tell him. 13.b. It is (was) 形容词/名词that …… (should) do/ 14.例如 It is absolutely essential that all the facts be examined first. 3. 一些句型中的虚拟形式: 15.1. It’s (high, about, the first, etc.) time (that) …动词过去时…例如 It’s time we left. 例如 It is time we went to bed. 2 would rather/sooner 宁愿 as if/ though 好像 16.would rather/sooner 谓语用过去时与现在或者将来相反 as if/ though 谓语用过去完成时与过去相反 4.练习 17.1. I _______ try it again if I_______you. A. will; am B. should; am C. would;were D. would; had been 2. If it _______ not for the water, the plants _______live. 18.A. were; would not B. is; could not C. were; could D. did; could not 3. If I ___ ____ that chance to show my ability, I _______the president of this school. A. have not had; coul d not become B. had not had; would not have become C. did not have; could not become D. doesn’t have; will not become 4. He _______ by that burglar if you _______ to save him. 19.A. might have been killed; hadn’t come B. will be killed; didn’t come C. may be killed; did’t come D. could be killed; haven’t come 5. If it _______for your help, I _______that hard time with so little money. A. were not ; would not spend B. is not; can not spend 20.C. had not been; would not have spent D. have not been; will not spend 6. Where ____ ___ you go if war _______? 21.A. will; breaks out B. do; will break out C. would; were to break out D. will; is to break out 7. She wishes she _______ that humiliating thing. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28.A. doesn’t do B. didn’t do C. haven’t done D. hadn’t done 8. The chairman suggested that the meeting _______ put off. 29.A. can be B. be C. is D. will be 9. It is vital that he _______ immediately.

初中英语语法知识点总结

英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法: 1、词类:英语词类分十种: 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.):表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.):主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.):表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.):表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.):表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.):用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

完整版专四英语语法考点教学内容

完整版专四英语语法 考点

语法考点之一:虚拟语气 考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气 1、与过去事实相反:从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done; 2、省略if,从句的语序用到装,即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。 3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do或were+to do),主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。 4、错综条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。 比如:从句对过去虚拟,而主句对现在虚拟,即从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+do; 考点2:表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。 考点3:It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。 考点4:it is (high/about) time that的结构中,从句使用一般过去式。例如: 考点5:much as"尽管,虽然"引导让步状语从句,从句中用would have done表示假设。 考点6:if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句, 与过去事实相反:had + done; 与现在事实相反:动词过去式; 与将来事实相反:could/would + do 考点7:would rather/sooner从句中 使用一般过去式或过去完成式 分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟 考点8:lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。 语法考点之二:情态动词 *情态动词: will(愿意), shall(将), must(必须), can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to(过去常常), need(需要), dare(竟敢),have to(不得不) 考试中,情态动词部分重点测试以下内容: (1)情态动词+行为动词完成式(表示推测) (2)某些情态动词的特殊用法 考点1. 情态动词+have+过去分词结构表示推测 (1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为:can’t / couldn’t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。 (2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。 (3) may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.

英语专业四级词汇与语法

英语专业四级词汇与语法模拟练习 41. My brother has decided to become a policeman,____what may. A. came B. come C. coming D. having come 42. My friend and adviser____ to lend me his money. A. have agreed B. has agreed C. agreed D. are agreed 43. A series of robberies ____recently. A. has been reported B. has reported C. have been reported D. have reported 44. “Which coat did your husband buy?” “The black one, but I____ the green one.” A. would rather have bought B. would rather buy C. would have rather bought D. rather had bought 45. I was to have a trip abroad if____. A. I had not been fired B. I was not fired C. my boss won’t have fired me D. I were not fired 46. Not until three years ago____ to work outside. A. he began B. he begins C. began he D. did he begin 47.____ that it was going to rain, he took a raincoat with him A. Seeing B. Saw C. Seen D. To see 48. If you____hard, you____in the exam. A. worked/ wouldn’t have failed B. had worked/ wouldn’t fail C. had worked/ wouldn’t have failed D. worked/ wouldn’t fail 49. When we drove to the country, we saw many ____. A. herds of cattles B. herds of cattle C. herd of cattle D. herd of cattles 50. Don’t go there this afternoon, I’d rather you____ tomorrow. A. went B. go C. will go D. would go 51. They saw a new movie at the theatre,____they had dinner at a Chinese restaurant. A. then which B. which after C. after which D. after that 52. In my country, the____ are all distributed free. A. letters box B. letters boxes C. lette r’s box D. letter boxes 53. I wish to go home with you,____? A. may I B. shall I C. would I D. can I 54. Our country is trying to____ the serious problems created by the environment pollution. A. comply with B. cope with C. cope to D. comply to 55. The thieves____the possibility of the alarm system sounding A. overtook B. overcame C. overlooked D. overworked 56. Although the main characters in the fiction are so true to life, they are certainly____. A. imagining B. imaginative C. imaginable D. imaginary 57. She stumbled and____ the coffee. A. spoiled B. spilled C. poured D. splashed 58. A sheet of metal was shaken to____the sound of thunder. A. stimulate B. simulate C. reproduce D. duplicate 59. In today’s newspaper, it____ that th ere will be a new election tomorrow. A. tells B. states C. writes D. records 60. When he bent down to tie his shoelace, the belt of his trousers____. A. ruined B. cracked C. broke D. split

二级日语语法知识总结二[1]

二级日语语法知识总结二 五十かねない/难免…,说不定… 「~する心配がある/难免…,说不定…」 例えば: 1.あの人は口が軽いから、秘密を他の人に言いかねない。 2.そんなことを言った、彼女は傷ついてビルの上から飛び降りかねない。 五十一ことはない/用不着… 「する必要はない/用不着…,没必要…」 例えば: 1.彼のほうが悪いんだ。きみが謝ることはない。 2.彼女に振られたからって、泣くことはないだろう、泣くことは。 3.ただの友達なのだから、そこまですることはない。 五十二~て/でならない/…得不得了 「とても~だ/非常…,…得不得了」 例えば: 1.まさか、あの彼が…。生きていれば、歴史を変えるほどの発明をしていたかもしれないのに、そう思うと、残念でなりません。 2.私は会社のために一生懸命尽くしてきたのに、会社は私の要求をなかなか聞き入れてくれず、不満でならない。 五十三どころではない、どころではなく/哪儿谈得上… 「そんな状況ではない/根本谈不上…,哪儿谈得上…」 例えば: 1.今年の夏は水不足で、プールどころじゃなかった。 2.「よかったら、映画でも見に行かない」「映画?ここんとこ忙しくてねぇ、映画どころじゃないんだ」 五十四~ないではいられない/不能不… 「がまんでけない、どうしても、~してしまう/克制不住,不能不…」 例えば: 1.え!彼がそんなこと言ったんですか?それなら、私も一言言わせてもらいます。言わないではいられない。(言わずにはいられない) 2.いくら会議中でも、部長のおもしろい話には笑わないではいられなかった。 五十五ようがない、ようもない/无法…,想…也无法… 「~なりたくてもできない、~したくてもできない、方法がない/无法…,想…也无法…」 例えば: 1.病気で入院しているのに、たばこは隠れて吸うし、出された食事は文句を言って食べないし。あれでは治りようがない。 2.ギャンブルに手を出し、サラ金に金を借り、あげく、会社は首になる。もう、どうしようもないやつだ。 五十六わけがない、わけはない/不会…,绝不会… 「~することは絶対ない(私ひとりの意見ではなく、普遍的な意見)/绝不会…(不是我个人的意见,是大家的看法)」

初三英语语法知识点归纳

初中英语语法速记口诀大全 很多同学认为语法枯燥难学,其实只要用心并采用适当的学习方法,我们就可以愉快地学会英语,掌握语法规则。笔者根据有关书目和多年教学经验,搜集、组编了以下语法口诀,希望对即将参加中考的同学们有所帮助。 一、冠词基本用法 【速记口诀】 名词是秃子,常要戴帽子, 可数名词单,须用a或an, 辅音前用a,an在元音前, 若为特指时,则须用定冠, 复数不可数,泛指the不见, 碰到代词时,冠词均不现。 【妙语诠释】冠词是中考必考的语法知识之一,也是中考考查的主要对象。以上口诀包括的意思有:①名词在一般情况下不单用,常常要和冠词连用;②表示不确指的可数名词单数前要用不定冠词a或an,确指时要用定冠词the;③如复数名词表示泛指,名词前有this,these,my,some等时就不用冠词。 二、名词单数变复数规则 【速记口诀】 单数变复数,规则要记住, 一般加s,特殊有几处: 末尾字母o,大多加s, 两人有两菜,es不离口, 词尾f、fe,s前有v和e; 没有规则词,必须单独记。 【妙语诠释】①大部分单数可数名词变为复数要加s,但如果单词以/t?蘩/、/?蘩/、/s/发音结尾(也就是单词如果以ch,sh,s,x等结尾),则一般加es;②以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro,hero)两菜(tomato,potato) 加es外,其余一般加s;③以f或fe结尾的单词一般是把f,fe变为ve再加s;④英语中还有些单词没有规则,需要特殊记忆,如child—children,mouse—mice,deer—deer,sheep—sheep,Chinese—Chinese,ox—oxen,man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth —teeth。 三、名词所有格用法 【速记口诀】 名词所有格,表物是“谁的”, 若为生命词,加“’s”即可行, 词尾有s,仅把逗号择; 并列名词后,各自和共有, 前者分别加,后者最后加; 若为无生命词,of所有格, 前后须倒置,此是硬规则。 【妙语诠释】①有生命的名词所有格一般加s,但如果名词以s结尾,则只加“’”;②并列名词所有格表示各自所有时,分别加“’s”,如果是共有,则只在最后名词加“’s”;③

英语专业四级语法汇总解析

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