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Grammar

The Attributive Clause Ⅰ

Proverbs

He who laughs last laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。

All is well that ends well.结局好, 一切都好。

Friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.

真正的友谊犹如健康的身体, 失去时方知其可贵。

定语从句 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关联词有：

关系代词：who, whom,whose, which, that

关系副词：when, where

定语从句的位置: 定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。

e.g. This is the car which he bought last year.

先行词定语从句

Do you know the man?

Do you know the man

who spoke just now

? It carries the important news.

I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.

I showed him the letter.

I received it this morning.

I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.

that which who whom whose

That 即指人又指物, 作主语或宾语。

Which 指物, 作主语或宾语。

who, whom 指人, who 作主语,

whom 作宾语。

that, which, whom 在定语从句中作宾语时, 可省去。

Whom 指人, 在从句中作宾语，可省略。

e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel ?

The girl is from America.

I called her just now.

The girl (whom) I called just now is from America .

1. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。

1) A plane is a machine that can fly. (主语)

2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious.(宾语)

3) Let ’s ask the man that is reading the book over there.(主语)

4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim ’s sister.(宾语)

2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。

1)They planted the trees which didn ’t need much water. (主语)

2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (宾语)

3. who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和宾语 (口语中who 也可作宾语)。

The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主语)

2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael. (主语)

3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (宾语)

4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (宾语)

4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或物。

1)Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.

2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.

3) This is the book whose cover is blue.

Note Ⅰ

that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。（1）先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。

I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.

(2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。

I’ve read all the books that are not mine.

(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

This is the first book (that) he has read.

(4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。

This is the very book that belongs to him.

Note Ⅱ

关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。

The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.

1.当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone,all, none, those 等, 指人时一般用who, 不用that.

Those who want to go to the cinema

will have to wait at the gate of the school.

2.在以疑问词who开头的句子中, 或关系代词在从句中作表语时, 用that, 不用who。

Who is the man that is shouting there?

She is not the girl that she used to be.

3. 先行词是人，从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时，用whom或that(介词后不用that)。The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it.

★He is the student (whom, who, that) youwant to see.

关系代词that, which , whom 在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。

改错

1.Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them(whom) come from class two.

2. My mother has a good book, which(whose) cover looks terrible.

3. Who are the young girls who(that) are having dinner in the restaurant?

4. She is one of the girls who is(are) very interested in maths.

5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like(likes) playing football.

6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now?

7. There is an old woman, that(who) is holding a stick.

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