科技英语翻译汇总整编
U2PPT
“Site” refers to the land and other places on, under or through which the Permanent Works or Temporary Works designed by the Engineer are to be executed.
“现场”指工程师设计的永久工程或临时工程所需的土地和其他场所，包括地面、地下、工程范围之内或途经的部分。
If we close our eyes, we cannot see anything because our eyelids prevent the rays from entering our eyes.
因为眼睑能阻止光线进入眼内，所以我们闭上眼睛就什么也看不见了。
Traditionally, rural highway location practice has been field oriented, but the modern method is “office” oriented.
传统上，乡村公路定线采用现场定线法，而现在的方法则是采用纸上定线或计算机定线。
In the earlier days of railways, the rules laid down that no train should be allowed to start, even if all signals were clear, until the station master had authorized the guard to give the driver the “right way”.
铁路发展的早期阶段曾规定，即使所有的信号都已开通，列车也不能发车，一直要等到站长已授权站务员给司机发出离站信号。
Curved rails offer resistance to the movement of the train.
弯曲的钢管有碍火车运行。
A detailed calculation of utilizing solar ponds for generation of electricity and seawater desalination are presented.
本文对利用太阳能蓄热发电及海水淡化提出详细计算。
Such observations as these lead to the discovery that there can be rapid erosion when a metal is nonhomogeneous and when it is in connect with water in which some gaseous, liquid and solid substance is dissolved.
像这样的一些观察使人们发现，当金属是非均质金属时，而且当金属与气体、液体或固体物质的水接触时，金属可能很快生锈。
Such a small experiment was designed merely to establish whether the approach was safe.
设计这种小型实验只是为了证实这一方向是否安全。
It has been shown that these specimens can only be preserved if kept at a temperature
of 34 C. 已经表明，这些标本只能保存在34℃的温度下才能保存。？？
A) Gerund,动名词
(1) The scientist often does experiments to test and prove an idea before accepting it. 科学家往往先要通过实验来验证某种想法的正确性，然后才接受。
(2) Before removing the fuses, switch off the main supply. / After switching off the main supply, remove the fuses.
在取下保险丝之前，先切断主电源。/ 先切断主电源，再取下保险丝。
B）participle 非谓语动词
(1) When the battery is charged, current flows into the battery, as indicated in Fig.2. 正如图二所示，充电时电流流入电瓶
(2) The chain reaction, once started, must be controlled so that a steady production of heat energy is maintained.
连锁反应一旦开始就必须加以控制，以便使产生的热能保持稳定。
(3) The part played by civil engineering in pioneering work is of great importance.
在开创性工作中土木工程所发挥了非常重要的作用。。
(4) In Britain electrical energy generated in power station is fed to the National Grid. 在英国，电站发出的电力都被输入国家电网中。
C) Infinitive 不定时
(1) We did the experiment to test and prove this idea.
我们做这项实验为的是验证这种想法的正确性。
(2) Hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water.
氢与氧化合形成水。
(3) The function of a fuse is to protect a circuit.
保险丝的功用是保护电路。
(4) To destroy this organism it is necessary to heat milk to about 60 c for 15 minutes. 为了破坏这个生物体，有必要将牛奶加热到60℃15分钟。？？
前置修饰语
illumination intensity determination
照明强度测定
generator power output
发电机功率输出
A portion of the output voltage is returned to the input terminals, a condition referred to as voltage feedback.
一部分输出电压被返回到输入端，这种情况就被称为电压反馈。
“work”
(1) Pushing or pulling, however, does not necessarily mean doing work.
然而，推或拉未必意味着做功。（物理学）
(2) The works of these watches are home-produced and wear well.
这些表的机件是国产的，耐磨的。（机械）
(3) Temperature required for annealing is a function of two factors,(1) the nature of the material, and (2) the amount of work that has been done prior to annealing.
回火所需温度随两个因素而变：（1）材料特性；（2）退火前的加工量。（机械，冶金）
(4) The mine has long been worked.
这个矿已经开采很久了。
“facility”
1. In order to perform an effective audit, the auditor(s) must be familiar with all aspects of a facility operation.
为了进行有效的检验，检验人员必须熟悉设备的操作方法
2.Regulations require that any reactive and ignitable waste be stored at least 50 ft. from the facility’s property line.
条例要求，凡是会发生反应和可燃的废物，应存放于离厂家财产至少50英尺/15.2米地方。
3.The site ideally should have sufficient lands to provide a buffer zone between the facility and the public surrounding it.
理想的处理现场应该有足够的土地，以便在设施及其周围环境之间有一缓冲区。
4 Regulation regarding the handling of hazardous wastes have become more stringent and complex. Facilities can no longer ignore their wastes.
处理有害废物的规程变得更严格、更复杂。工厂不能再忽视所产生的废物。
U3 ppt
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major source of indoor air pollution. A major point stressed in both the Surgeon General’s Report and the National Academy of Science’s Report is that methods used to determine the exposure of the nonsmoking population to ETS must be improved.
香烟造成的环境烟气（ETS）是使室内空气污染的主要污染源。来自（美国）军医局局长报告和国家科学院的报告都着重强调了这一点：传统的用以确定有多少非吸烟者受到ETS危害的方法必须加以改进。
In this dissertation, a semi-real time system for monitoring ETS are proposed and compared with other systems. Several new tracers for ETS are proposed. The generalization and decay of ETS in an indoor environmental laboratory is studied. A new technique for analyzing microgram and submicrogram amount of nicotine and cotinine biological fluids is developed. A unique exposure study to ETS is to carry out wherein never-smokers are exposed to ETS.
本文提出了一种监控ETS的半实时系统并将该系统与其他系统进行了比较。作者建议使用一些新的跟踪器对ETS进行监控并对ETS在室内环境实验室的一般情况及衰减问题作了研究。作者研制了一项新技术分析尼古丁和可铁宁的生物液微克和亚微克量。并将对ETS进行一项独特的暴露研究，让非吸烟者置于ETS 环境进行试验。
Much evidence has accumulated that fine particulate matter in the atmosphere affects human health and atmospheric properties. To monitor airborne particles, it is necessary to separate various particle sizes in the atmosphere and to determine particles, it is necessary to separate various particle sizes in the atmosphere and to determine the chemical compositions of the particles.
现今也已累积的大量证据表明，大气层中的微粒影响人类健康和大气的性质。为了监控空中的微粒，很有必要将大气层中各种微粒的大小分开，并确定其化学成分。
A new high flow rate, multichannel parallel plate denudsampling system has been developed which is capable of determining the particle size distributions and the semi-volatile organic compounds which can be lost from particles during sampling.
以研制出一种新的高流速率，多通道平行盘溶蚀器取样系统，它能确定微粒大小的分布，以及在取样期间从微粒失去的具有半挥发性的有机混合物。
Abstract: For the high-tech corporation, core competence is the important invisible resources, the source of long-term competitive superiority and the base of diversification. This paper expounds the strategic significance of high-tech corporation core competence, analyses the reasons why the core competence becomes weak and is lost and puts forward several measures to protect high-tech corporation core competence.
Key words: high-tech Corporation; Corporation Core Competence; protect
核心竞争是高新技术企业重要的无形资源，是高新技术企业长期竞争优势的源泉，也是高新技术企业多元化经营的基础。文章阐述了高新技术企业核心竞争力的内涵及战略意义，剖析了高新技术企业核心竞争力弱化与丧失的原因。提出了保护核心竞争力的一些措施。
关键词：高新技术企业；核心竞争力；保护
摘自《武汉理工大学学报》（社会科学版）2001年第8期
A method to calculate the vector theta(电压矢量)between stator voltage and rotor current under synchronous rotating axis is provided. Different realization methods such as simulation model under Matlab, controller programming and programming under Labview are compared, the consistency between simulation and experiment result confirms the availability of the proposed method. The system can be used to test the correction of detection part of the control system.
Key words: Doubly Fed Motor, Vector Theta, Labview
给出了双馈电机异步运行状态时在同步旋转坐标系下转子电流矢量和定子电压矢量之间差角的计算方法，比较了在Matlab仿真中实现，控制器程序实现和Labview实现方式之间的差别，仿真和实验结果一致表明，所采用的计算方法得到的矢量角度稳定，可以对控制系统中的检测部分的正确性做出判断。
【关键词】双馈电机；矢量角；Labview
The achievement evaluation index system was established according to scientific principles. An evaluation model based on multi-objective multi-person decision was proposed. Fuzzy Mathematics and Genetic Algorithm were integrated to solve the problem that qualitative indexes and quantitative indexes are hard to measure and the problem that decision-maker's preference is unknown effectively. The empirical analysis result indicates the scientific nature and practicability of the proposed model. Key words: multi-objective; consistent measurement; achievement evaluation 依据科学评价的原则，建立了军工企业绩效评价指标体系，提出了一种基于多目标多人决策的绩效评价模型，它综合集成了模糊数学和决策理论，有效解决了绩效评价中定性指标和定量指标难以量化和决策者偏好未知的问题。应用上述模型进行了实例分析，结果验证了该模型的科学性和实用性。
【关键词】多目标决策；一致性度量；绩效评价
Based on the first -hand examples from English news publications, this paper centers on the analysis of writing skills in disaster news coverage in English news publications. It adopts the view that English disaster news coverage, though falling into the broad category of journalistic English; stands out for its distinctive style in terms of headline making, lead writing, wording and phrasing. The probe into its writing skills is conducive to the comprehension and coverage of English disaster news.
本文借助英语报刊实例等第一手资料，集中分析了英语报刊灾祸新闻的写作特点。文章认为，英语灾祸新闻在写作上既有新闻英语的一般特点，又在标题制作、导
语写作和遣词造句等方面有其独到之处，使之形成了一种特殊的文体风格。分析研究其写作手法有助于积极有效地看懂或写好英语灾祸新闻。
Existing principles of translation are rarely applicable to Chinese –English business translation. All too often, therefore, business translation –indispensable to China’s economic development-has hardly any principles to follow. This article takes the lead in addressing this problem. With examples taken from Chinese –English business translation, the author puts forward the view that the major principles of business translation should be “faithfulness, exactness, and consistency”. In explicating this point, the author stresses that the special features of business English account for the variability of translation principles.
现有的翻译原则难以适应于商贸汉英翻译，使事关重大的中国商贸翻译经常无章可循。本文通过对商贸汉英翻译事例的分析，率先提出翻译应遵循“忠实，准确，统一的原则，阐述了这一原则的实质，强调商贸英语的语言特点决定了翻译原则的变异。
关键词：商贸翻译原则探索运用
三大行业：
Review and Perspective of Ship’s Wind Load
Abstract：It is of great significance for the study of wind resistance in the navigation safety and energy saving and emission reduction, as wind load is a part of sailing environmental loads. Combined with the three methods for the research of wind resistance, such as field measurement, wind tunnel experiment and numerical analysis, the advances in wind load is discussed from the direction of the wind load calculation and optimization of resistance reduction of the ship. Then, based on the existing resear ch achievement and developing trend of the ship’s wind load, the prospect of wind resistance in shipping industry application has been forecasted.
船舶风载荷研究进展及发展趋势
摘要：风载荷是船舶航行中环境载荷的一个组成部分，风载荷研究对船舶航行安全及节能减排具有重要意义。结合船舶风载荷研究中现场实测、风洞实验和数值分析三种方法，从船舶风载荷计算和船舶优化减阻二大方向对风载荷的研究进展进行论述，最后，结合船舶在风载荷方面的现有研究成果及发展趋势，对风阻研究工作在船舶行业的应用前景进行了展望。
Abstract: As a new energy conservation and green vehicle, Electric Vehicle (EV) is suffering from the limited driving range and restricted number of charging stations, locations of charging stations need a reasonable layout. An EV charging station location model based on commuting behavior is presented in this study, considering both the distribution of the remaining fuel range of EVs and travelers' degree of range anxiety. Solution algorithm is also given and model validation is tested through a numerical road network. Result shows that the calculated setting nodes of charging stations are relatively concentrated, that is, the model has a virtue of strong stability. The model can effectively avoid the failure of return trip case in spite of increasing the n etwork total travel time. Travelers’ range anxiety degree has significant effect on charging station location and the network total travel time.
基于通勤行为的电动汽车充电站选址模型
摘要：电动汽车是一种新型节能减排的交通工具，由于其受行驶里程以及有限的充电设施的限制，需要合理设置充电站位置。文中提出了一种基于通勤行为的电动汽车充电站选址模型，该模型考虑了电动汽车初始电量的分布和出行者的里程焦虑程度。同时还给出了模型求解算法，并通过算例路网验证了模型的有效性。研究结果表明：由模型求得充电站设置节点较为集中，即该模型有较强的稳定性；基于往返出行链的电动汽车充电站选址模型虽然会增大路网总出行时间，但是可以有效避免返程出行失败的情况；出行者的里程焦虑程度对充电站选址影响较大，且对路网总出行时间存在明显的影响。
U5 contract
Neither of the parties hereto shall at any time during the continuance hereof deal with any of the shares of the joint Company owned by it whether by sale, pledge , gift or otherwise in any manner inconsistent with the carrying out of its obligations hereunder.
本协议任何一方都不得在本协议有效期间，采用出售，抵押，赠送或其他与履行其本协议规定的义务不相一致的方式处理其拥有的合营公司的人和股份。
Assignment for Unit 1.
2017.9.15
1. 翻译下列句子，注意选词用字（Diction）。
1)The lathe should be set on the base.
车床应安装在坚实的底座上（机械）
2)As we all know, a base reacts with an acid to form a salt.
众所周知，碱与酸反应生成盐（化学）
3) A transistor has three electrodes, the emitter, the base and the collector.
晶体管有三个电级，即发射极，基级和集电极（电子）
4)He is on the second base.
他在二垒（体育）
5)There was a cycle path running along this side of the wall, right at its base.
在墙的这边，沿着墙根有一条自行车道。
2.翻译下列句子，注意译文的忠实准确、通顺流畅和专业术语的规范
1) Anyone who has ever ridden on a railroad knows how rapidly another train
flashes by when it is traveling in the opposite direction and conversely how it may look almost motionless when it is moving in the same direction.
坐过火车的人都知道：当另一列火车从相反方向驶过来时，瞬间即飞驰而过；相反，当另一列火车同向行驶时，看起来几乎就像没有开动一样。
2) Electronic computers, which make it possible to free man from the labor of
complex measurements and computations, have wide application in engineering.
电子计算机已广泛应用于工程技术，它使人类摆脱复杂的测量和计算工作成为可能。
3) A car engine started from cold takes time to warm up and to reach its correct
operating temperature. The quicker it reaches that temperature the sooner it begins operating at its most efficient.
启动汽车发动机从预热到达到合适的工作温度很费时间。达到这个温度的时间越短，发动机就能越快开始有效运行。
4) A computer is made of millions of electronic devices that can store the data or
switch them through complex circuits with different functions at incredible speeds.
计算机由成千上万个电子装置组成，通过不同功能的复杂电路以令人难以置信的速度储存或转换数据。
5) Where base metals are deposited, either in veins or as scattered mineral grains,
minor amounts of gold are usually deposited with them.
蕴藏贱/碱金属的地方，无论是矿脉还是散布的矿砂，一般都有少量的金与之共存。
摘要翻译成英文：
歧义结构的化解与翻译
语言的歧义现象已引起广泛的关注。但歧义结构的化解与翻译仍无定法。本文就英汉语中歧义结构进行分析和总结。根据歧义产生的不同原因将其归结为五个方面，并尝试从语义和语用的角度提出一些化解方法和英汉翻译方法。
关键词：歧义结构；化解；翻译；方法
Key words：ambiguous structures；decoding, translating, methods
Chapter 5 Contracts and Agreements
将下列合同翻译成中文，注意语言的简洁、清楚、明确及规范。
? 6. Mid-term Termination of the Contract: Neither party shall terminate this contract without reasonable cause prior to the agreed date of expiration. If party B wants to terminate this contract, he/she must hand in a written application one month before leaving China. Party B shall not stop working without party A’s consent. Party A shall cease to pay party B his /her salary two weeks after its consent to party B’s application and cease to provide party B and his/her family with relevant benefits related to living conditions. All the expenses of the return trip shall be borne by party B.
?If party B violates the law and decrees of the Chinese government party A has the right to terminate the contract. Party B shall be paid as usual for one month after the termination of the contract, but party B shall arrange to leave the country within this period. The cost of the economy air ticket's) within China shall be paid by party A. The international traveling expenses shall be borne by party B.
?Party A has the right to terminate the contract if party B neglects his/her duty. Within one month after the termination of the contract, party A shall arrange for party B and his/her family to leave. The cost of the economy air ticket(s) shall be paid by party A. All other expenses shall be borne by party B.
?合同中途终止：无合理原因，双方均不得在约定的到期日前终止本合同。
如乙方意图解除合同，他/她必须在离开中国的前一个月提交书面申请。
未经甲方同意，乙方不得停止工作。同意乙方申请后，甲方将在两周内停止支付乙方工资，并停止向乙方及其家属提供生活条件方面的相关福利。
全部回程费用由乙方承担。
??如乙方违反中国政府法律及条令，甲方有权终止合同。合同终止后的一个月，乙方将被照常支付工资，但乙方应在此期间安排出境。中国境内的经济舱机票费用将由甲方支付。国际旅费由乙方承担。
??如乙方失职，甲方有权终止合同。合同终止后一个月内，甲方将安排乙方及其家属离开。经济舱机票的费用由甲方支付。其他费用由乙方承
担。
实用科技英语翻译-期末考试复习题
2009-2010学年第2学期 《实用科技英语翻译》期末考试题型和复习题 I Answer the following questions related to EST Translation (30’)（2个题） 1. What’s the definition of EST (English of Science & Technology)? EST (English for Science & Technology or Technical English or Scientific English) is a special language variety widely used in the fields of science and technology. It’s believed that it first came to being in the 1950s along with the rapid development of science and technology, and it many researchers and scholars began to conduct investigation of this common feature of this special genre including reading comprehension, writing and even translation. 2. What are stylistic features of EST? Completely different from other genres such as everyday English, literature English, EST has its own stylistic features due to the specialty in content, field and discourse functions, and partly due to the unique habits of EST writers, which are mostly represented in lexical level and syntactical level. 3. What are the general features of Compound Technical Terms? A. accuracy（确切性）: accurately reflect the nature of the concept B. monosemy（单义性）: one sense for one word C .systematization（系统性）:the individual technical terms in a given field should be in a specific level so as to constitute a common system D. linguistically correct（语言的正确性）: in accordance with the word-formation in the same language E. conciseness（简明性）: concise and easy to remember F. motivation（理据性）: just as the name implies, one can know the meaning of the word.
科技英语翻译专业词汇-材料
Materials Science and Engineering arc welding 电弧焊 calcinations 煅烧 casting 熔铸 ceramic 陶瓷 chemical properties 化学性能 cold brittleness 低温脆性 colour liquid crystals 彩色液晶 congruent compound 合熔化合物 constant-deformation tests 定变形试验 Creep Strength 潜变强度 crystal pattern 晶体结构 data quartz fiber 数据石英光纤 die casting 拉模铸造 drawing & stamping 延轧 Dynamics of Forging System 锻压系统动力学 Edge Finish 边缘处理 Engineering Materials 工程材料 nano-material 纳米材料 ceramic 陶瓷 polymer 集合物 composite material 复合材料 biomaterial 生物材料semiconductor 半导体 conductor 导体 insulator 绝缘体 synthetic fabrics 合成纤维microstructures 显微结构 periodic table 周期表 Equipment for Heating Processing 热处理设备 Fatigue Test 疲劳测试 Features of Metal 金属的特性 Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal 铁及非铁金属 forging 锻造 foundry 铸造 High Polymer Material & Processing 高分子材料及加工Impact Test 冲击测试 Intermetallic compound 金属间化物 Ionic Solids 离子晶体 Magnetic Transformation 磁性变态 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials 工程材料力学性能的测定Mechanical Property of Metal 金属机械性能 Metal Cutting Machine Tool 金属切削工具 Metal Erosion & Protection 金属腐蚀及防护 Metal Material Science 金属材料学 Metallic Solids 金属晶体Metallographic Techniques 金相技术Metallography 金属学 Metallography & Heat Treatment 金属学与热处理
科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料]
科技英语综合教程课后谜底及课文翻译[资料] 科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译 科技英语综合教程课后答案及课文翻译 Unit 1 Translation Practice II. Words and Phrases Translation A. Translate the following expressions intoChinese: 1. mutual gain game and mutual harm game 互赢博弈和互败博弈 2. sequential-move game 连续策略博弈 3. simultaneous-move game 联立策略博弈 4. linear reasoning 直线推理 5. circular reasoning 循环推理 6. Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡 7. dominant strategy 支配性策略 8. optimal result 最优化结果 9. breakdown of cooperation 合作分裂 10. strategy of brinkmanship 边缘化策略 B. Translate the following expressions intoEnglish: 1. 完全博弈 pure conflict 2. 竞争与合作 competition and cooperation 3. 策略性相互作用 strategic interdependence 4. 囚徒困境prisoners’ dilemma 5. 长远性损失 long-run loss 6. 针锋相对策略 tit-for-tat strategy 7. 混合性策略mixing one’s moves 8. (网球)斜线球或底线球 hita passing shot cross-court or down the line 9. 垄断性市场 monopoly market
科技英语翻译的原则_方法及技巧.
翻译是把一种语言里已经表达出来的事物用另一种语言准确流畅地进行重新表达的过程。与其他题材的文章相比,科技专业文章在内容、表达形式和风格上有很大的差别,具有科技性强、专业性强、逻辑严密、表达要求简练的特点,在翻译上力求准确全面、严谨明确和通顺简练。 1科技英语翻译遵循的基本原则 从科技文章的特点来看,大多具有以下几个特征:述说事理、逻辑性强、结构严密、术语繁多,语言严谨、数据精确。这就要求译文必须概念清楚、条理分明、逻辑正确、数据无误,尤其对定义、定律、公式、图表、结论等更应特别注意。科技英语作为特殊英语的一个分支,在词汇构成、遣词造句等方面都有其自身的特点,其语法结构不十分严密、语言习惯和汉语也有不少差别、词汇量大、词语繁多,因此科技英语翻译起来比较困难。另外,科技文章比较重视叙事逻辑上的连贯及表达上的明晰与畅达; 避免行文晦涩,避免表露个人感情,避免论证上的主观随意性。因此,科技英语翻译力求少用或不用描述性形容词以及具有抒情作用的副词、感叹词及疑问词,而是大量使用科技词汇、专业技术用语,译者应尊重客观事实,不能随意改动数据、回避不易翻译的文字,更不能加进自己的主观想象,进行自由翻译。 我国著名翻译家严复提出的“信、达、雅”三准则一直为不少翻译工作者所接受。 “信”指的是译文要忠实于原文,“达”是指译文的通顺达意,“雅”指的是译文的用词修辞。三准则体现了译文和原文信息等值这一基本要领。 “信、达、雅”的翻译准则对各种英语文体的翻译实践都具有指导意义,是衡量一篇译文好坏的标准,也同样适用于科技文献的翻译。由于科技文章特有的文体特征,与其他类文章相比,其“达”和“雅”的内涵不同,它要求在准确传达信息的基础上,使译文更加简洁明快,流畅通顺。2科技英语翻译的基本方法
小议科技英语翻译技巧
小议科技英语翻译技巧 科技文体崇尚严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，少有变化，常用前置性陈述，即在句中将主要信息尽量前置，通过主语传递主要信息。科技文章文体的特点是：清晰、准确、精练、严密。那末，科技文章的语言结构特色在翻译过程中如何处理，这是进行英汉科技翻译时需要探讨的问题。现分述如下： 一、大量使用名词化结构 大量使用名词化结构（Nominalization）是科技英语的特点之一。因为科技文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实。而非某一行为。 Archimedes first discovered the principle of displacement of water by solid bodies. 阿基米德最先发展固体排水的原理。 句中of displacement of water by solid bodies 系名词化结构，一方面简化了同位语从句，另一方强调displacement 这一事实。 The rotation of the earth on its own axis causes the change from day to night. 地球绕轴自转，引起昼夜的变化。 名词化结构the rotation of the earth on its own axis 使复合句简化成简单句，而且使表达的概念更加确切严密。 If you use firebricks round the walls of the boiler, the heat loss, can be considerably reduced. 炉壁采用耐火砖可大大降低热耗。 科技英语所表述的是客观规律，因之要尽量避免使用第一、二人称；此外，要使主要的信息置于句首。 Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 电视通过无线电波发射和接受活动物体的图象。 名词化结构the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves 强调客观事实，而"谓语动词则着重其发射和接受的能力。 二、广泛使用被动语句 根据英国利兹大学John Swales 的统计，科技英语中的谓语至少三分之一是被动态。这是因为科技文章侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确。第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态，例如：Attention must be paid to the working temperature of the machine.应当注意机器的工作温度。而很少说：You must pay attention to the working temperature of the machine .你们必须注意机器的工作温度。此外，如前所述，科技文章将主要信息前置，放在主语部份。这也是广泛使用被动态的主要原因。试观察并比较下列两段短文的主语。 We can store electrical energy in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. We call such a device a capacitor, or a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy capacitance .It is measured in farads. 电能可储存在由一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属极板内。这样的装置称之为电容器，
西南交大科技英语翻译期末考试复习题答案
1.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. 这里，由于地心的剧烈活动，使山脉和火山升出水面。 2.After the Australian Taxation Office made its taxation forms simpler, it actually received praise from taxpayers who could finally understand it. 澳大利亚税务局将其表格文字简化后，受到了纳税人的广泛称赞，因为他们终于能看懂这些表格了 3.Although people are born to win, they are also born helpless and totally dependent on their environment. Winners successfully make the transition from total helplessness to independence, and then to interdependence. Losers do not. 虽然人们生来要成功，然而，他们同样生来就是无助的，完全依靠环境。成功者成功地从完全不能自立过渡到了独立，然后过渡到相互依靠。失败者则不然。 4.Darwin was convinced that the loss of the tastes in music and drawing was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character. 达尔文认为，失去对音乐和绘画方面的兴趣，不仅失去了幸福，而且还可能损伤智力，甚至可能会伤害道德。 5.No eating tools on the Chinese dinner table are more magical and distinctive than the chopsticks. 中餐桌上最神奇,最有特色的用餐工具莫过于筷子. 6.It is not on the shores of continents, nor in the coastal islands, however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky. 然而，浩瀚的太平洋最精美之处不在其大陆海岸，也不在沿海诸岛，而是在远离陆地的海域。在那里，富有神奇色彩的南太平洋诸岛像天上的繁星一样散布在广阔的海面上。 7.Circumstances and people are constantly changing. Some friendship last “forever”; others do not. 环境与人都在不断地改变。有些友谊地久天长，有些则如昙花一现。
科技英语翻译答案
科技英语翻译 1.1 翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。 1.2 对译者的要求 第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena. All four (outer planets) probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water. 爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。（直译） 这四颗外层行星的内核可能都由金属、硅酸盐和水构成。（意译） The designer must have access to stock lists of the materials he employs. Part adjustment and repair must be performed on regular basis if an acceptable printed product is to be the end product. 设计师必须备有所使用材料的储备表。（意译） 要使印刷品的质量达到要求，部件调试及修理就必须定期进行。（意译） 第4节翻译练习2 The most important of the factors affecting plant growth is that it requires the supply of water. The doctor analyzed the blood sample for anemia. The apparent change in size of the sun is caused by dust in the air near the horizon.植物生长的各因素中最重要的是水的供应。（合译） 太阳的大小看起来有变化，这是由于靠近地平线的空气中有尘粒而引起的。（分译） 医生对血样作了分析，看是不是贫血症。（分译） These fragments of rock and iron range from thousand kilometers in diameter to less than one. Manufacturing processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities being made and mass production with large numbers of identical parts being produced.这些石块和铁块的碎片大小不等，大的直径有1000公里，小的不到1公里。（分译） 制造过程可以分为单件生产和大量生产。前者指的是生产少量的零件，后者则是指生产大量相同的零件。（分译） 第4节翻译练习3 Cartography is the science of making maps. Many elements in nature are found to be mixtures of different isotopes. 制图学是研究绘制地图的科学。（增译） 人们发现，自然界里许多元素，都是各种不同的同位素的混合物。（增译） The two units used most frequently in electricity are ampere and volt: this is the unit of voltage and that of current. That like charges repel but opposite charges attract is one of the fundamental laws of electricity. 电学上最常用的两个单位是安培和伏特：后者是电压的单位，前者是电流的单位。（增译） 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸是电学的一个基本规律。（省译） 第4节翻译练习4 Almost any insulated body processes to some extent the ability to retain for a time an electric charge. The angular contact bearing provides a greater thrust capacity. The properties of the weld can be altered by varying the grain orientation. 几乎任何一种绝缘体都多少具有保留电荷一段时间的能力。 向心推力轴承有较大的轴向承载能力。 通过改变晶粒的方向可以改变焊缝的性能。 2.1 词义的选择 第1节翻译练习1 The spindle rotates simultaneously round two axes at right angles to each other. The earth isn’t completely round; it is slightly flattene d at the poles. In each round of operation the particle picks up energy from the oscillating electric field. 锭子同时绕两个互相垂直的轴旋转。（介词） 粒子每运转一周都从振荡电场获取新的能量。（名词） 地球并非完全是圆的，它的两极略扁平。（形容词） An electron is an extremely small corpuscle with negative charge which rounds about the nucleus of an atom. Her waist measures forty inches round. 电子是绕原子核转动且带有负电荷的极其微小的粒子。（动词） 她腰围40英寸。（副词） 第1节翻译练习2 Rate of penetration was found to be proportional to the net pressure applied by the tool. Scientists are constantly striving to find fast and convenient way of obtaining quantitative data. To find the area of a square or oblong, you merely multiply its length by its width. Certain isotopes are not found in nature. 人们发现钻孔速度与工具所受的净压力成正比。 求一正方形或长方形的面积，你只需将其长度乘以宽度。 科学家们总是力求找到快速而简便的方法获得定量数据。 有些同位素在自然界中并不存在。 New fibers find expanding applications in engineering and industry. Kangaroos are found in Australia. This plant is found in the sea near the mouth of rivers. Microcomputers have found their application in the production of genius sensors. Plastics find wide application in our daily life. 大袋鼠产于澳大利亚。 这种植物生长在近河口的海中。 新发明的纤维在工程和工业领域得到越来越广泛的应用。 微型计算机已经应用于智能传感器的生产中。 塑料在我们的日常生活中得到广泛应用。 第2节翻译练习1 The cause of rolling resistance is the deformation of mating surfaces of the rolling element and the raceway on which it rolls. Traditionally, NC programming has been performed offline with the machine commands The occurrence of large mats of floating algae may result in the death of many fish from lack of oxygen. 滚动阻力的起因在于滚动体的配合面和它滚动的滚道的变形。（技术性引申） 通常，数控机床的编程是脱机完成的，指令载于穿孔带上。（技术性引申） 大片大片漂浮的藻类的出现导致很多鱼因缺氧而死亡。（修辞引申） The splitting of the uranium or plutonium nucleus is accompanied by the release of very considerable amount of energy. The major contributors in component technology have been in the semiconductor. The distance between the two plates is small compared with their linear dimensions. Just as different solids and liquids vary in density, so do gases and vapors. 元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。（具体化引申） 两板之间的距离相对于其宽度和长度而言比较小。（具体化引申） 随着铀核和钚核的裂变，会有极其巨大的能量释放处理。（修辞性引申） 正像不同的固体和液体的密度不同一样，不同的气体和蒸汽的密度也不同。（具体化引申） The Curies believed that there was something in nature that gave out radiation. Obviously, there is much room for the improvement in the structure. At present coal is the most common food of a steam plant. The facts have been set down in black and white. 显然，其结构还有较大的改进余地。（抽象化引申） 目前，煤是火电厂最常用的能源。（抽象化引申） 居里夫妇坚信，自然界中有一种物质能放出辐射能。（具体化引申） 这些事实已经清清楚楚地记录下来了。（抽象化引申） 2.3 词类的转换 第3节翻译练习1 Each time a sample was drawn for color determination. What is certain is that the oil spill has delivered a devastating blow to the ecology of the Persian Gulf. We should get familiar with different systems of units. 每次取一个标本测定颜色。 可以肯定，这场石油泄漏事件对波斯湾的生态是个惨重的打击。 我们应该熟悉各种（计量）单位制。 These decision-making processes are applicable to the entire field of engineering design--- not just to mechanical engineering design. Hydrogen instead of air is frequently used for cooling large turbogenerators. When the war was over, it was discovered that the Germans were nowhere near success in developing nuclear weapons. 常以氢气代替空气来冷却大型汽轮发电机。 第二次世界大战结束后，人们发现德国人在研制核武器方面离成功还很远。 这些判定过程可以应用于工程设计的整个领域，而不仅仅限于机械工程设计。 Various precautions have been taken against leakage. Once inside the oven, panels are subjected to a temperature of 365°F. Value is defined as a numerical ratio, the ratio of the function, or performance, to the cost. This new model should appeal to potential buyers. 一旦进入烘干炉，板材就处于365华氏度的温度条件下。 价值的定义是功能或性能与成本的数值比。 已采取了各种措施防止渗漏。 这种新式样对潜在的买主肯定有吸引力。 Galileo’s experiments are not difficul t, nor is there any evidence that he performed them with exceptional skill. Sometimes a scientist observes an object and its features, for example a star or a bird; sometimes he observes an event, which is something that happens at a particular time. Earthquakes are generally more destructive of life than volcanic eruptions. 有时科学家观察一物体及其特征，例如一颗星或一只鸟；有时科学家观察某一事件，即在一特定时间所发生的事。 地震对于生命的破坏通常大于火山爆发。 伽利略的实验并不难，也没有证据表明他是以非凡的技能来做实验的。 Heat should be applied slowly to avoid localized overheating. How rapidly a fuel burns depends on how thoroughly it is mixed with oxygen or air. This is why a coil is often referred to as an inductor. 一种燃料燃烧的速度有多快，取决于它与氧气或空气混合的均匀程度。 这就是线圈常被叫做电感器的原因。 应当慢慢加热，以避免发生局部过热现象。 第3节翻译练习2 Practically all of the useful properties of materials are strongly dependent on their internal structure. The metal casts well. A wire for conducting electric current is covered with plastic; the plastic is insulation round the wire. 几乎材料的一切有用特性都与其内部的结构有密切的关系。 这种金属有良好的铸造性能。 传导电流的导线包有塑料，该塑料便是导线周围的绝缘材料。 There are many ways of determining the distribution of the magnetism about a magnet. Good lubrication keeps the bearings from being damaged. Safety in a power plant is of great importance. Most modern transmitters employ solid state circuits. 安全在电厂是非常重要的。 现代发报机大多采用固体电路。 有许多方法来确定磁场周围的磁力分布状况。 润滑良好可保护轴承不受损伤。 E-Chemmerce now offers two main levels of online business intelligence on chemical, plastic and energy e-commerce. These images tend to exaggerate the robot’s similarity to human anatomy and behavior. Aluminum remained an expensive rarity till the discovery of the electrolytic process for reducing aluminum in 1886. 这些概念常常夸大了机器人与人类在形体和行为方面的相似之处。 《电子化工商务》目前主要提供两个层次的有关化学、塑料和能源电子商务的在线商务信息服务。 直到1886年人们发现电解法还原铝之前，铝一直是一种昂贵的珍品。 Since some materials are not damaged easily as others, the possibility exists of developing radiation-resistant parts. 由于有些材料不像另一些那样容易被损坏，所以有可能研制出防辐射的零件。 2.4 词的增译 第4节翻译练习2 第4节翻译练习1 This action externally appears like the discharge of a capacitor. Once out of the earth’s gravity, an astronaut is affec ted by still another problem--- weightlessness.
科技英语翻译的注意事项
科技英语翻译的注意事项(2008-04-22 22:03:31) 标签：文化分类：学习小记一、科技术语的汉译 术语是表示某一专门概念的词语，科技术语就是在科技方面表示某一专门概念的词语。因此翻译时要十分注意，不能疏忽。英语科技术语的特点是词义繁多，专业性强，翻译时必须根据专业内容谨慎处理，稍不注意就会造成很大的错误。如有的人把“the newly developed picture tub”(最新研制成功的显象管)错译为“新近被发展了画面管”；又有人把“a unique instant-picture system”(独特的瞬时显象装置)错译为“独快的图象系统”等等。再以“cassette”这个术语为例，它除了其他方面的意思之外，在录音磁带方面也还有两个意思：一为“装填式磁带盒”，一为“盒式磁带”。究竟应译为那个意思，要从上下文的具体意思去分析判断。如进口的收录两用机的使用说明书上有“checking the的cassette”和“to insert casstte”两个小标题，究竟应当怎么译呢?看来分别将其的译为“检查盒式磁带”和“装上盒式磁带”，要比分别译为“检查磁带盒”和“装上磁带盒”更好一些。 二、科技英语中倍数增减(包括比较)的汉译 科技英语中倍数增减句型究竟应当如何汉译，在我国翻译界中一直存在着争论，国内出版的一些语法书和工具书所持看法也不尽一致，这就影响了对这种句型的正确翻译。这个问题比较重要，数据上的一倍之差往往会造成不可估量的损失。同时，倍数增减这个问题，在科技英语中又是经常会遇到的。因此，其译法很有必要加以统一。以下是本人对这个问题的肤浅看法： 1、倍数增加的译法 英语中说“增加了多少倍”，都是连基数也包括在内的，是表示增加后的结果；而在汉语里所谓“增加了多少倍”，则只表示纯粹增加的数量。所以英语里凡表示倍数增加的句型，汉译时都可译成“是……的几倍”，或“比……增加(n-1)倍”。为了便于查阅，现将英语中表示倍数增加的一些表达法及其译法归纳如下： 例如： a The production of various stereo recorders has been increeased four times as against 1977.(各种立体声录音机的产量比1977年增加了三倍。) b The output of colour television receivers increased by a factor of 3 last year.(去年彩色电视接收机的产量增加了二倍。) 应当指出，有些书认为by后面的倍数是净增加的倍数，汉译时应译为“净增加多少倍的”，而不该减一倍。本人认为这种译法未必妥当，因为“by n times”的意思是“用n 数乘”。如15 increased by 5 times是15×5 = 75之意，75与15相比显然是增加了四
科技英语翻译课后答案
科技英语翻译课后答案 High quality manuscripts are welcome to download
科技英语翻译翻译的标准 第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship. The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor. 动力装置是船舶的心脏。 驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。 第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications. Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely. All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space. 半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。 我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。 空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。 第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening. A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole. 去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。 双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
科技英语翻译课程练习三
《科技英语翻译》课程练习三答案 一、词义选择 二、词义引申 1. 具体化引申 1) High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage. 译文：高速磨削不存在此不足。 2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould. 译文：铸件的体积和形状随铸型而异。 3) Alloy belongs to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds. 译文：合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构。 4) This new crucible furnace is a fuel-efficient model. 译文：这种新型坩锅炉是节油型锅炉。 5) This shows that a vacuum, which is the absence of matter, cannot transmit sound. 译文：这表明真空，即没有空气的状态下，不能传播声音。 6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years. 译文：这座桥建造非常牢固，已使用了百年。 2. 抽象化引申 1) They reach their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other and detonate. Anything nearby is a goner. 译文：导弹相继以几秒之差到达程序制导目标引爆。附近的一切顷刻覆灭。(原文中的goner，本义是“无可挽救的人(或物)”，意义很具体，但如果按照这种直译则文理不通，因此基于goner的内涵及联想意义，作抽象化引申为“顷刻覆灭”。) 2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi — conductors. 译文：元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。(contributors一词本义指“贡献者”，表示具体的人，如直接翻译为“主要贡献者”则不符合汉语的语言习惯，因此将该词作抽象化引申，译为“起主要作用”。) 3) These gases trap the sun’s heat whereas sulphur dioxide cools the atmosphere. 译文：这些气体留住了阳光中的热量，而二氧化硫使空气冷却。(从该词与句中宾语的逻辑匹配关系看，若直译为“设陷阱捕捉”，显然文句不顺。因此，抽象化引申为“留住”。)