英语长难句解析

英语长难句解析

一、定语从句

【难句】1. Even China’s population will be declining by the early 2030s, according to the UN, which projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries. (The Economist Jun.5, 2006)

【结构分析】本句结构清晰，是一个复合句。主句为Even China’s population will be declining by the early 2030s, according to the UN，其后的定语从句which projects that by 2050 populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries修饰先行词UN，关系代词在从句中作主语，注意这里project作动词用，译为“指出”，且从句里使用了比较级。

【参考译文】联合国有关报告指出，即便是中国，到2030年初期人口也将开始递减。这份报告同时还指出，到2050年，将有50个国家的人口低于今天的水平。

【难句】2. That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals. (The Economist Jun.18, 2006)

【结构分析】本句的主句That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of video games是主系表结构，其中表语由how引导的名词性从句充当，定语从句which are accused of turning young people into violent criminals修饰先行词video games，关系代词which指代先行词video games在从句中作主语，这里使用了被动语态be accused of，在翻译时我们译成主动。

【参考译文】对于当今时代那些控诉电视游戏使年轻人变成暴力罪犯的批评者们，历史最终也将对他们作出同样的批判。

【难句】3. An animal that can remember the significance of that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and sharp claws will survive longer and produce more offspring. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)

【结构分析】本句是复合句，句子的主干为An animal will survive longer and produce more offspring。主语animal后接关系代词that引导的定语从句，关系代词代替animal在从句中作主语。在从句里，谓语动词remember的宾语是the significance，它的后置定语为that large, nasty-looking thing with the big teeth and sharp claws；介词短语with the big teeth and sharp claws补充说明thing的特点。【参考译文】一种动物只有记住了长相丑恶(具有巨大牙齿和锋利爪子)且身体庞大的重要性，才能生存长久并繁殖更多的后代。

二、名词性从句

【难句】1. If I ever had any doubts about how demanding a teacher’s job is, it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools. (The Guardian Sep. 12, 2007)

【结构分析】本句的结构清晰，为主从复合句。it would have disappeared for good when I spent some time recently in schools为主句部分，其中包含一个when引导的时间状语从句when I spent some time recently in schools。If引导的条件状语从句中，had any doubts about后的宾语由how引导的名词性从句how demanding a teacher’s job is充当，how与形容词demanding相连作从句的表语。注意整个句子使用了与过去相反的虚拟语气，从句为if+had done，主句为

would/could/should/might+have done的形式。

【参考译文】如果说我以前还曾怀疑教师的工作有多吃力，那么当我最近在学校中待了一段时间后，我永远改变了原来的想法。

【难句】2. The trouble with that approach is that consumers tend to prefer devices that require simply plugging them in, without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features common to home networks. (Business Week Jan. 29, 2007)

【结构分析】本句主干很清晰，是主系表结构。其中表语部分由that引导的名词性从句that consumers tend to prefer devices…充当。device后是that引导的定语从句that require simply plugging them in…,关系代词that在从句中作主语。逗号后的介词短语without complicated setups of wireless channels, security, and other features…作从句中的伴随状语(在翻译时我们可以转译为定语)，句末的形容词结构common to home networks后置作features的定语。

【参考译文】这一方式的问题在于，消费者更喜欢不需要创立复杂的无线电频道、安全保护以及家庭网络所共有的其他特性，便可以简单插入的装置。

【难句】3. Davies says guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use. (The Guardian Oct. 3, 2007)

【结构分析】本句不难，主句谓语says后是省略了that的宾语从句guidance must strike a balance between being flexible enough to take account of the differences between disciplines and providing enough detail to be of use。注意两个between的使用。第一个between与后面的and 相连，构成being flexible enough to…and providing enough detail to…结构，第二个between后跟disciplines表示“各学科之间”，并且前后都使用了be enough to do的形式。

【参考译文】戴维斯说，指导规范必须在足够灵活考虑各学科的不同点和提供充足的可操作的细节之间寻求一种平衡。

三、非谓语动词

【难句】1. Some great manufacturers and great service companies may have become too lean in their relentless drive to reduce costs, outsourcing not just their

non-core activities but essential ones too. (The Economist Jun. 15, 2006)【结构分析】本句不难，逗号前为主句Some great manufacturers and great service companies may have become too lean in their relentless drive to reduce costs,使用了too…to…结构，句末的现在分词结构outsourcing not just their non-core activities but essential ones too作伴随状语，进一步补充说明reduce costs的具体内容。

【参考译文】有些大的制造商和服务供应商热衷于降低成本，不仅把非核心业务外包，而且连核心业务也不放过。

【难句】2. Having succeeded as a convenient vehicle for every conceivable political and commercial slogan, the threads themselves are becoming the newest message, logically enough. (Time Jan. 18, 2007)

【结构分析】本句为主从复合句。主句中的主语与从句中的主语一致，从句中省去主谓，造成分词作伴随状语的形式，我们可以还原为since the threads have succeeded as…主句部分是the threads themselves are becoming the newest message,句末的logically enough是状语，在翻译时，我们可以转译为be becoming the newest message的补充部分。

【参考译文】成功作为政治和商业口号的一种便捷媒介物，(T恤)衣服本身也成了最新的信息，这种情况(的发生)合乎逻辑。

【难句】3. Some of the biggest venture capital firms are raising large funds, targeting more established companies, and increasingly setting their sights abroad. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)

【结构分析】本句结构清晰，主句为Some of the biggest venture capital firms are raising large funds,两个现在分词结构targeting more established companies和increasingly setting their sights abroad由and并列，作全句的伴随状语。

【参考译文】某些大的风险投资公司正在筹集大量的资金，他们的目标是已经稳定的企业，并且日益将目光投向海外市场。

四、被动语态

【难句】1. Questions are increasingly being asked by the councils about how they can be sure that misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide.(The Guardian Oct. 3, 2007)

【结构分析】本句使用了被动语态的现在进行时结构，主干为Questions are increasingly being asked about…，施动者by the councils构成了分隔结构。在翻译时，我们可以化被动为主动，the councils are increasingly asking questions about…，介词about后的宾语由how引导的从句how they can be sure…充当，这里又包含一个特殊的结构“主语+adj.+从句”，that引导的名词性从句misconduct is not

taking place on the grants they provide中，grants后是一个省略了关系代词

that/which的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作provide的宾语。

【参考译文】各委员会越来越多地提出问题——关于他们如何能够确保在他们同意的情况下避免发生处理不当的行为。

【难句】2. It’s much easier to say “Great idea!”when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)

【结构分析】本句成分复杂。以逗号为切入点，得到一个比较结构It’s much easier to say “Great idea!”…than…。it是形式主语，前半部分的真正主语由不定式结构to say “Great idea!”…充当，这里包含一个when引导的时间状语从句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team，使用了被动语态的现在完成时。后半部分真正主语为to take the time to explain…，explain 后的宾语是why引导的宾语从句why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file。在翻译时，我们将状语提前，且化被动为主动。

【参考译文】当团队中的某个人提出了极好的解决方案时，说“好主意”要比花时间解释为什么一个职员最喜欢的想法最终被抛弃要容易得多。

五、状语从句

【难句】1. If it decides in favour, the whole industry will feel the impact, for it will affect not just European airlines but all those that fly into and out of the EU. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)

【结构分析】以连词for为切入点，得到两个并列结构，分别为If it decides in favour, the whole industry will feel the impact和for it will affect not just European airlines but all those that fly into and out of the EU。前一分句中，if引导从句If it decides in favour作条件状语；后一分句中，谓语affect的宾语部分使用了not just…but…结构，句末的定语从句that fly into and out of the EU修饰先行词those。

【参考译文】如果意见是肯定的，那么整个民航业将受到影响，因为这个方案不仅影响欧洲的航线，同样也对到达欧洲和飞离欧洲的航线产生作用。

【难句】2. Some jobs require specific qualifications but most top employers will take any degree discipline provided you’ve got a first or an upper second from a decent university. (Times Online Jan. 11, 2007)

【结构分析】以but为切入点，定位本句为两个并列分句Some jobs require specific qualifications but most top employers will take any degree discipline…句末

部分的provided引导条件状语从句provided you’ve got a first or an upper second from a decent university，翻译为“假如……”。

【参考译文】有些工作需要特别的资格，但大多数的一流雇主会采取某种程度的原则，即你要在一个不错的大学获得一流或上流的成绩。

六、比较结构

【难句】1. Keep in mind, though, it’s much more important to be able to show your manager how you contributed to the company’s results (such as incremental revenue or reduced cost) than just a difference in pay between you and someone else. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)

【结构分析】本句使用了more…than…的比较结构。以副词though所充当的分词结构切入，本句为祈使句，keep后的宾语由省略了that的名词性从句充当。在此从句中，使用了it作形式主语，不定式结构to be able to show your manager…作真正主语的形式，show后是双宾语结构，than并列了比较的两端，为(show your manager) how you contributed to the company’s results和just a difference in pay between you and someone else。

【参考译文】尽管如此，要记住向你的上司展示你对公司业绩的贡献(比如，提高收入降低成本)要比仅仅展示你和其他人的工资差别更为重要。

【难句】2. It’s much better for the manager to offer a pay increase, beaming with pride over his or her good judgment in hiring you, than for you to get the same pay increase by having to ask for it. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)

【结构分析】本句的比较结构与例(40)同，主干为It’s much better for the manager to…than for you to…注意两个逗号之间的分词结构beaming with pride over his or her good judgment in hiring you作前文It’s much better for the manager to offer a pay increase的目的状语。

【参考译文】上司为你加薪——为他或她录用你的判断而自豪高兴，要比自己为获得同样的加薪而要求更好。

七、倒装语序

【难句】1. Clever though this is, it is just a stepping stone towards the direct incorporation of fuel cells into portable devices and, in particular, laptops—the application that remains the industry’s Holy Grail. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)

【结构分析】本句体现了典型的将表语部分提前构成的让步状语从句倒装，还原后应为though this is clever。主句为it is just a stepping stone towards the direct incorporation of fuel cells into portable devices and, in particular, laptops—the application that remains the industry’s Holy Grail，其中包含incorporation…into…的结构，portable devices和laptops作介词into的宾语。句末的名词短语the application that remains the industry’s Holy Grail作上文的补充说明，其中包含that 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词appplication。

【参考译文】虽然这很聪明，但它只能算是通往直接将燃料电池与便携设备整合的道路上的垫脚石，特别是对笔记本电脑而言——这一设备现在仍是工业界的圣

杯。

(完整word版)高中英语必修一长难句

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历年高考英语长难句100例大汇总（上） 1. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecolab polytechnique. 这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家皮尔法特提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，包括一位法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展，她曾女扮男装为了能够在伊科尔理工学院学习。 简析：夹杂过去分词短语，现在分词短语，动名词及两个定语从句。 2. It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime. That is, the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet. 由于因特网的使用，计算所使用的纸张的数量是很难的，虽然几乎任何在办公室工作的人能告诉你，当引进电子邮件后，打印机就开始超时工作。也就是说近年来人们对于纸张的日益需求主要是由于因特网越来越多的使用。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词just about几乎;overtime超时地。 3. Perhaps the best sign of how computer and internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself, which sees printing as one of its most promising new market. 或许，表明电脑及因特网使用促进人们对于纸张的需求的最好迹象源于高科技产业本身，印刷业被认为是高科技产业极有前景的新市场之一。 简析：夹杂较复杂的句型结构，关键词promising有前途的。 4. The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste. 这个行动组也发现一种人们可接受的纸，制成这种纸的原料不是木料，而是农业废料。 简析：关键词other than而不是。 5. Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese, these terms are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers. 这些术语，主要从英语和汉语引入，经常会变成不再被说本族语的人们理解的形式。 简析：关键词term术语。 6. It is one of many language books that are now flying off booksellers’ shelves. 它是现在很畅销的许多外语书中的一本。 简析：比喻生动形象。 7. The mass media and government white papers play an important part in the spread of foreign words. 大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)在外国词传播过程中起重要作用。 简析：关键词the mass media and government white papers大众传播媒介和政府白皮书(正式报告)。

2019年全国各地高考英语试题长难句解读与分析

高考英语试题中长难句翻译与解析（一） 1. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part--particularly to my taste, dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables--was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers’ market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. （全国I卷B篇） 【译文】游泳，品酒以及欣赏粉红色的落日（一般在傍晚时分，而不是下午四点）把整个周末填的满满的，但精彩的部分也是让我最中意的是上午7点的萨拉索塔市农贸市场的一次历险，尤其是被数月寒天块根蔬菜弄得生活沉闷之后，这次探索之旅证明早起还是值得的。 【背景知识】Sarasota（萨拉索塔市）位于美国佛罗里达州的西南海岸线，濒临墨西哥湾，人口60余万，北邻海牛县，南靠夏洛特县，与两县共同构成佛罗里达州第七大市场和商业繁盛区。萨市文化底蕴深厚，是世界著名的“马戏城”和“艺术都会”，因马戏而建城，演员剧团演出的百老汇歌剧蜚声全美。 最适宜人居之家园。萨拉索塔市位于墨西哥湾海岸线，碧水围城，绿色遍地，四季常绿植物和灌木丛座拥这座海上城市，空气清新，气候冬暖夏凉。高雅的芭蕾舞和百老汇歌剧给萨拉索塔市笼上了神秘的艺术色彩，装点着市民的休闲生活。户外活动丰富多彩，高尔夫、游艇、划船、网球、滑水等应有尽有，萨市因此被誉为“探索者的天堂”。在萨市参观，街道干净整洁，房屋多为别墅，间距合理，错落有致，整个城市风格铺展着一幅南美风情的特有画卷。白色的沙滩、精湛的艺术、一流的商场、旖旎的自然风光和宜人的气候, 使萨市成为美国最适宜居住的15个城市之一，是众多游客向往的度假休闲目的地。 【考查】25. What made the author’s getting up late early worthwhile? A. Having a swim. B. Breathing in fresh air. C. Walking in the morning sun. D. Visiting a local farmer’s market.【D】 【词汇解析】be to one’s taste 适合某人口味；合某人得意root vegetables 块根类蔬菜 The early wake-up call 早醒电话；叫早电话（尤其在宾馆、酒店常有这种服务） 2. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness dee pened when I learned that Brown’s Grove Farm is one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly-opened restaurant at the Sarasota Ritz Carlton, where-- luckily for me-- I was planning to have dinner that very night. （全国I卷B篇）【译文】虽然那些新鲜柔嫩的西红柿让我欣喜，但当我了解到一个新开张的饭馆Jack Dusty供应商就是Brown’s Grove Farm时，我更加开心不已，因为幸运的是那家饭馆就是我们打算那晚在萨拉索塔市的丽丝卡尔顿大酒店the Sarasota Ritz Carlton就餐的地方。 【背景知识】丽丝卡尔顿（Ritz Carlton）是一个高级酒店及度假村品牌，现时拥有超过70个酒店物业，分布在24戈国家的主要城市。The Ritz Carlton在国际高档酒店业，被公认为首屈一指的超级品牌。 【考查】27. What was the author going to that evening? A. Go to a farm. B. Check into a hotel. C. Eat in a restaurant. D. Buy fresh vegetables. 【C】 【词汇解析】Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when... 本句是as 引导的让步状语从句，表语部分delighted前置。意为“尽管看到那些西红柿我很高兴不已，但...时我的幸福感大增。”supplier 供应商newly-opened新开张（业）的 3. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg. （全国I卷C篇） 【译文】本次展览与西班牙马德里雷纳索非亚国家博物馆密切合作展出了萨尔瓦多.达利的精品之作，以及来自于圣彼得堡萨尔瓦多.达利博物馆等其它机构提供的艺术作品。 【背景知识】Museo Nacional Reina Sofia：雷纳·索菲亚博物馆是西班牙马德里的一座国立20世纪美术博物馆。这座美术馆于1992年9月10日正式开幕，得名于西班牙索菲亚王后。索菲亚王后艺术中心靠近阿托查车站和地铁站，位于沿着普拉多大道的所谓艺术金三角（Triángulo del Arte auch Triángulo de Oro）的南端（还包括普拉多博物馆和蒂森-博尔内米萨博物馆）。 索菲亚博物馆主要收藏西班牙艺术品，其亮点是20世纪西班牙两位大师的杰作：巴勃罗·毕加索的《格尔尼卡》，以及萨尔瓦多·达利的作品。外国艺术家的作品不多。 the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg位于美国佛罗里达州圣彼德堡场地面积：66000平方英尺（约合6131.60平方米）HOK联手Beck Group一同设计了一个新的博物馆，用来陈列萨尔瓦多·达利的作品。这个新的博物馆坐落于美国佛罗里达州圣彼得斯堡。设计灵感正来自于萨尔瓦多·达利这位超现实主义者本人，结合传统和幻想元素。设计反映了达利的精华，同时为应对佛罗里达的恶劣天气融合了相关功能元素。 【考查】31. What does the word “contribution” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Artworks. B. Projects. C. Donations. D. Documents. 【A】 【词汇解析】in close collaboration with sb. 与某人密切合作 5. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle--longer working hours, a fast food boom and a younger generation’s desire to spend more time at home.（全国I卷D篇）【译文】多年来，法国生活方式的变化（如：工作时间的延长，快餐业的繁荣以及年青一代渴望在家多呆些时间等）让巴黎的咖啡馆深受其害。 【背景知识】到巴黎旅游，在游览卢浮宫、埃菲尔铁塔、凯旋门等名胜之余，可以去一些著名咖啡馆（Café）去用餐、喝咖啡，体会巴黎历史与文化的深韵。 Café遍布巴黎，是人们饮食、休憩、社交的重要场所。巴黎人一天中有很多时间都是在Café中度过的。早上，在Café喝一杯咖啡，吃上一个牛角包；中午，享用一份法式三明治，小憩片刻；晚上，要一杯红酒，与朋友一起畅谈至深夜。座落在巴黎各个角落的Café目睹了这个城市中发生的各种前尘往事。 【考查】33.How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? A. They are less frequently visited. B. They stay open for longer hours. C. They have bigger night crowds. D. They start to serve fast food. 【A】 【词汇解析】fall victim to sth. 成为...的受害者；使...深受其害boom 指经济等的繁荣；迅速发展。 【译文】【背景知识】【考查】【词汇解析】