研究生入学考试新英语一真题 答案 解析

2015研究生入学考试英语一真题答案解析

Section 1 Use of English

Directions:Readthe following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank andmark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .

The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .

While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As co-author of the study James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says, "Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin."

The team also developed a "friendship score" which can predict who will be your friend based on their genes.

The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain, for now. 10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 than "functional kinship" of being friends with 14 !

One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.

The findings do not simply corroborate people’s 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers were taken from the same population. The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects.

1 A what B why C how D when

2 A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised

3 A for B with C by D on

4 A separated B sought C compared D connected

5 A tests B objects C samples D examples

6 A insignificant B unexpected C unreliable D incredible

7 A visit B miss C know D seek

8 A surpass B influence C favor D resemble

9 A again B also C instead D thus

10 A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps

11 A about B to C from D like

12 A limit B observe C confuse D drive

13 A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with

14 A chances B responses C benefits D missions

15 A faster B slower C later D earlier

16 A forecast B remember C express D understand

17 A unpredicted B contributory C controllable D disruptive

18 A tendency B decision C arrangement D endeavor

19 A political B religious C ethnic D economic

20 A see B show C prove D tell

答案解析

1、A what 本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第一个空考察表语从句的引导词。

2、B concluded 本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第二个空为针对从句谓语进行的词义考察。

3、D on 本句前半句的句意是：这项研究是一个基于1932个独特个体的基因组广谱分析。考察Conduct on词组，进行。从句意为：它对成对儿的非亲缘朋友和陌生人进行比较。

4、C compared 比较，根据上下文及后一句的same知道，比较为最佳。

5、C samples 词义题，样本，C为最佳选项。

6、A insignificant 词义题，1%，以及后面的not so转折，判断，A insignificant 不显着，为最佳选项。

7、C know 句意为：一些人虽然并不认识他们第四代的表亲，但他们选择的朋友却和这些亲戚颇有相似之处。

8、D resemble 词义题，和上一个空形成转折。

9、B also 上下文逻辑题，发现了，还发现了。Also为最佳选项。

10、D Perhaps 结合上下文：这一现象很难解释，后面接原因，原因“可能”是……最符合文章大意。

11、B to 介词题，意为：就像这个科研团队所发现的，这个因素不仅把我们带到详细的环境中来，更有一些深层次的影响。

12、D drive 词义题，根据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们……drive为最佳选项。

13、B rather than 逻辑题，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者对立不能同时存在，rather than不是…而是最符合。

14、C benefits 跟“功能”搭配，选个褒义词，带来好处的，最佳。

15、A faster 词义题，根据后半句解释，这就是为什么“picked pace”加速，这里只能选faster，一些比另外一些进化得更快，符合文意。

16、D understand 词义题，这个研究可以帮助我们理解一个事实。

17、B contributory 本句意为：社会环境是最主要的一个因素。Contributory 贡献，最佳。

18、A tendency 结合文章主旨，选择基因相似的人做朋友是普遍现象，tendency 趋势倾向最符合。

19、C ethnic 同义替换，基因背景相似，种族的，民族的，最符合。

20、A see 本句意为：尽管所有的研究对象都取自欧洲血统，研究者也花心思确保了所有(用于比对的)朋友和陌生人也源自该血统中的同一支系。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1

King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, dies the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?

The Spanish case previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly. Polarized, as it was following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.

It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so, the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world, with 10 kingdoms not counting Vatican city and Andorra. But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respect public figure.

Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomes Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.

While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.

It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-healed) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.

21、according to the first two paragraphs, king Juan Carl of span

[A] used to enjoy high public support

[B] was unpopular among European royals

[C] ended his reign in embarrassment

[D] eased his relationship with his rivals

22、monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly

[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status

[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality

[C] to give voters more public figures to look up to

[D] due to their everlasting political embodiment

23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?

[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.

[B] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.

[C] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.

[D] The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.

24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles

[A] takes a tough line on political issues.

[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised.

[C] takes republicans as his potential allies.

[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role.

25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined

[B] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs

[C] Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats

[D] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne

答案解析：

21 D ended his reign in embarrassment

此题属于细节题。

根据关键词King Juan Carlos of Spain 定位到第一段第一和第二句。But embarrassing scandals…have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 此处stand down译为放弃席位。因此D ended his reign in embarrassment是原文内容的同义替换。

22 A owing to their undoubted and respectable status

此题属于细节题。

根据关键词定位到第三段第一句it is this apparent …that explains …as heads of state.和第三句But unlike their absolutist…most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search

for ...respected public figure. 绝大多数皇室家族使得选民避免了寻找受人尊敬的公众人物的麻烦。因此A owing to their undoubted and respectable status是原文内容的同义替换。

23 B the role of the nobility in modern democracies

此题属于细节题。

根据关键词定位到第四段最后一句话…it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states 奇怪的是有钱的贵族家庭仍然处于现代民主国家的核心地位。因此B the role of the nobility in modern democracies是原文内容的同义替换。

24 B fails to change his lifestyle as advised

此题属于细节题。

根据关键词”have most of fear”定位到第六段，Charles定位到最后一段的地二句Charles 后面who引导定语从句who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and …world因此B fails to change his lifestyle as advised是原文内容的同义替换。

25 C Carlos，a Lesson for All European Monarchs

此题属于全文主旨题。

着眼全文，通篇都在围绕monarchs展开。第一段由Carlos引出当今君主制面临

的危机。因此Carlos，a Lesson for All European Monarchs是全文内容的精确概括。

Text 2

Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.

The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.

They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone-- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.

But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.

26. The Supreme Court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to

[A] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.

[B] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.

[C] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.

[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.

27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of

[A] tolerance.

[B] indifference.

[C] disapproval.

[D] cautiousness.

28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to

[A] getting into one’s residence.

[B] handing one’s historical records.

[C] scanning one’s correspondences.

[D] going through one’s wallet.

29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that

[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.

[B] the court is giving police less room for action.

[C] phones are used to store sensitive information.

[D] citizens’ privacy is not effective protected.

Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that

(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.

(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.

(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.

(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered.

T2答案解析：

26 答案B check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized

解析：细节题。根据自然段定位原则，定位到首段。根据题干关键词supreme court，whether精确定位到第一段最后一句whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone….，与选项进行对应，即为B在不授权的情况下检查嫌疑人的电话信息。注意A选项应是search contents。

27 答案 C disapproval

解析：态度题。根据题干California’s argument定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句，这些句子中提到hard… recklessly modest…等负向词，表达的是负面态度。看选项属于负面的就是disapproval。A 容忍，B冷漠是典型错误，D粗心。

28 答案A getting into one’s residence

解析：细节题。题干问：作者认为搜索电话薄就相当于什么?根据段落界定原则定位到第四段转折处，提到But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home.与选项对应，A中的residence对应home，是原文的同意替换。注

意D选项不是作者的观点，不能将文中人物观点当作作者观点。

29 答案D citizens’ privacy is not effective protected

解析：细节题。根据题干定位到5段和6段，题干问作者最关注的是什么，即是

相应段落的段落中心。因此，该题表面是细节题，实质为段落核心。5段首句为中心句提到，应采取措施保护数据隐私;6段又继续陈述原则的不恰当之处。根据这些内容，对应答案D 市民隐私未能得到有效保护。

30 答案 B New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution

解析：例证题。题干问的是引用Orin Kerr的目的是什么，即Orin Kerr是论据，其目的是论点。论点往往在论据的前面，所以要找例子前面的一句话，即New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections.与选项对应，就是B new technology是原词复现，require等同于

demands，reinterpretation of the Constitution同义替换applications of the Constitution’s protections。

Text 3

The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.

“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.

Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”

Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”

31. It can be learned from Paragraph I that

[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.

[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.

[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.

[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.

32. The phrase ‘flagged up” is the closest in meaning to

[A]found.

[B]revised.

[C]marked

[D]stored

33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may

[A]pose a threat to all its peers

[B]meet with strong opposition

[C]increase Science’s circulation.

[D]set an example for other journals

34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now

A. adds to researchers’ workload.

B. diminishes the role of reviewers.

C. has room for further improvement.

D. is to fail in the foreseeable future.

35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A. Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers

B. Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect

C. Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks

D. Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science

Text 3答案解析：

31. 答案 B journals are strengthening their statistical checks 段落推断题考查的是段落中心句，定位在首段首句 The journal Science is adding an extra source at Peer-review process, editor-in- chief Marcia McNott announced today. 《科学》杂志将要对同行评审过程增加额外的资源。与选项B同意替换。

32. 答案 C marked 词义句意题根据所猜短语flagged up 所在句子的句意，手稿将被flagged up以供杂志编辑、现有的编辑评审委员会或外部同行审查。比较四个选项，只有C marked 被标记，符合题意。

33. 答案 D set an example for other journals 观点细节题定位在四段末句This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science. 这不仅对于《科学》杂志本身的出版有影响，还有希望影响其它的出版社，这些出版社想继《科学》杂志之后树立自己的典型形象。选项D是这句话的概括总结。

34. 答案 D has room for further improvement 观点细节题定位在末段末句，Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that ....”Vaux 认为《科学》杂志的想法有一些好处，但是有个缺点是....这就说明这个想法是有进一步改进的空间的。

35. 答案 A Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers 主旨大意题本文首段首句就是全文主题句，《科学》杂志将要对同行评审过程增加额外的资源，而且全文其它各个段落都在围绕对这一想法不同专家的不同态度在论述，所以选项A 是对全文中心的完整表达。

Text 4

Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society sh ould be profit and the market. But “it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.

Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.

As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the

phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This saga still unfolds.

In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing.

In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value,

business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.

The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.

36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by

(A) the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.

(B) companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices

(C) governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.

(D) the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.

37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that

(A) Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.

(B) more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.

(C) Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.

(D) phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.

38. The author believes that Rebekah Brooks’s defense

(A) revealed a cunning personality.

(B) centered on trivial issues.

(C) was hardly convincing.

(D) was part of a conspiracy.

39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows

(A) generally distorted values.

(B) unfair wealth distribution.

(C) a marginalized lifestyle.

(D) a rigid moral code.

40 Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?

(A) The quality of writings is of primary importance.

(B) Common humanity is central to news reporting.

(C) Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.

(D) Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.

Text4答案解析：

36. 答案A. The consequences of the current sorting mechanism. 因果细节题题目问到Elisbeth 因什么而感到沮丧。定位在第一段第二句 Intergrity had collapsed, ..., because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market, 由于社会中唯一的分类机制是利润和市场这一共同的观念，导致了正直这种道德品质的沦丧。

37. 答案 B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking 段落推断题定位到第三段第一句 As the hacking trial concludes.... the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands 正如窃听案总结的那样，仍然存在更广泛的dearth of integrity 的事件，与选项B 对应。

38. 答案 C was hardly convincing 观点细节题根据第四段第二句中astonishing，how little...,how little... She never ... 以及第三句中She knew nothing 的语气判断作者的态度是认为RB的辩护是没有说服力的。

39. 答案 A generally distorted values 观点细节题题干定位在第五段第三句，答案定位在随后的第四、第五句。 The current collective doctrine 认为重要的是efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value...., 而认为justice, fairness....不重要，故扭曲了价值观。

40. 答案是C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper. 段落推断题定位在最后一段前两句。世界新闻杂志的目的不是提升读者的理解能力。。。。而是为了发行量和影响力而毁了人们的生活。从ruined the lives 的表达能看出作者希望杂志所做的是提高其道德意识，与C选项对应。

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

How does your reading proceed? Clearly, you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (41)________________. You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is evolved. Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where?

The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension but they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. (42) ________________

Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed

or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relationship of the text to the world. (43) _____________ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) _____________. This does not, however, makeinterpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page---including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns--- debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of belief and values.

How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45) _____________. Such dimensions of reading suggest---as others introduced later in the book will also do--that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It does not then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different minds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.

[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.

[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.

[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the context. On

the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.

[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.

[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.

[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.

[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organizations or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.

41 【C】

解析：41段中空，所以要看上句。空前与空后句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D中存在，此其一也;D中出现了reconstruct(重组)逻辑上是再次发生，与位于句首的逻辑发生了叙述上的矛盾。故排除D选择C。另外，C中的words or idioms和meanings 在41空前句重现，因为前句中有identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them。

42 【E】

解析：42 段尾空，所以看上一句话。空前一句中的主语是you,因此正确选项在C、D、E中存在，此其一也;其二，该句中主句谓语动词是infer, 与E中的宾语inferences 构成逻辑对应关系。故排除C和D选择E。另外,42空前两句提到了阅读时我们会active engagement in inference and problem-solving, 并针对作者文中的specific evidence and clues 进行信息的推测。E选项中further 一词表明延续此话题，用for instance 具体举例说明我们对文章信息作怎么样的推测。

43【G】

解析：43段尾空，应重点看本段上一句。同时下段开头出现了代词such background，而G中最后一句中的background与之形成逻辑对应关系。故选择G。另外，G中Rather 表示转折，与43空前句开头的not 构成“not… rather…”的“不是……而是……”结构

44【B】

解析：44段中空，看上下句。此段空前句中有关键词background，空后句中有关键词interpretation; background逻辑上对应G中最后一句中的background，而interpretation 逻辑对应B中最后一句中的interpretations. 故选择B。另外，B

中Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class 是44空前who we are的具体阐述。

45【A】

解析：45段中空，看上下句。最后一段首句主语是we, 所有选项中只有A和G的主语是we;但是G中首词是转折词Rather，与首句逻辑矛盾，故排除G选择A。另外，A中具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的和方式，此为对45空前句How we read a given text 和our particular interest in reading it 的具体阐述。A中的信息是45空后句such dimensions of reading 的指代对象。

Part C Translation

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)

Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of

history-swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and

traditions to the new world. 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.

49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more

than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.

To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.

46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of

a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.

【参考译文】在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次移民在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

47) The United States is the product of two principal forces——the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits.

【参考译文】美国产生于两个主要力量：思想习俗、民族特色各异的欧洲移民，以及修改这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。

48 But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes.

【参考译文】但是，美国拥有独特的地理条件，不同民族之间产生了相互的作用，因此，在一片原始新大陆上，维护旧大陆方式产生了纯粹的困难，这一切引发了重大的变化。

49 The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America.

【参考译文】在15-16世纪北美探索的一百多年之后，运往如今的美国这片新领土的第一船移民横渡了大西洋。

50 The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.

【参考译文】拥有丰富多样树种的原始森林是一个真正的宝库，它从缅因州一直延伸到乔治亚州。

Section III Writing

Part A

Directions:

You are going to hold a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.

You should state reasons for your recommendation.

You should write neatly on the ANWSER SHEET. Do not sign you own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming ” instead. Do not write the address .(10 points)

Dear friends，

I am writing to tell you about a fantastic book I have just read, as we always share the same taste of books.

The book is called Journey to the West, which tells us a story that four monks conquered multiple handicaps to achieve their final destination. Besides the touching and thrilling plot, the book also features humorous languages, thanks to the talented author.

So I recommend it to all of you as one of the favorite books that I have ever read. I am sure you will love it as much as I do. I am looking forward to discussing more with you after you read it.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Part B

52. Directions:

Write an essay of 160—200 words based on the following your essay, you should

1. describe the pictures briefly,

2. interpret its intended meaning, and

3. give your comments.

You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET . (20 points)

A group of friends, boys or girls, are having a dinner party while each one of them is checking messages in their mobile phones without saying a word to one another, leaving the dishes untouched. We are informed that this is a gathering in the era of mobile phone.

The above picture unveils a common social phenomenon and the symbolic meaning of the photo is the effect of the mobile phone on people’s way of life. Undoubtedly, the phone provides us with considerable convenience, making many things possible which are beyond our dreams. As a communication tool, the phone makes us closer than ever before by providing immediate communication. Meanwhile, there are negative effects on our personal life. As is shown in the picture, people are imprisoned in their own world! They choose contacting online rather than communicating face to face.

Accordingly, enjoying the convenience provided by the phones, we should bear in mind that human beings are social beings who need real interpersonal interactions! Joint efforts are needed to ensure people to have face-to-face communication! I believe a harmonious relationship between friends is awaiting us if we set aside our mobile phones and enjoy the untouched meal!

2017年考研英语考试真题

2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 .：A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 ，t oday’s unem ployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting 9 poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course 14. [A] disturb [B] restore [C] exclude [D] yield 15. [A] model [B] practice [C] virtue [D] hardship 16. [A] tricky [B] lengthy [C] mysterious [D] scarce 17. [A] demands [B] standards [C] qualities [D] threats 18. [A] ignored [B] tired [C] confused [D] starved 19. [A] off [B] against [C] behind [D] into 20. [A] technological [B] professional [C] educational [D] interpersonal

研究生英语考试试卷

General English Qualifying Test for Non-English Major Graduate Students 2008 (A 卷) ******************************考试注意事项*************************** 一．本考试由两部分组成：试卷一（Paper One）包括听力理解、词汇与结构、阅读理解三部分，共70题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper Two）包括改错、写作。 二．试卷一的答案请按要求在答题卡上填涂，否则无效。试卷二的改错、写作部分请直接在试卷二上答题. Paper One Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: You will hear: You will read: A. At the office. B. In the waiting room. C. At the airport. D. In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A. "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center. 1. A. The weather has been warm lately. B. The furnace has broken down. C. The building’s heating system dries the air. D. The woman should put medicine on her lips. 2. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A refinished cellar. D. A new record. 3. A. They need to turn up ahead. B. She doesn’t know where State Street is. C. There was no left turn at the last intersection. D. The man missed the turn.

攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷(doc 6页)

攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷(doc 6页)

东南大学 二○○五年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 请考生注意：试题解答务请考生做在专用“答题纸”上！ 做在其它答题纸上或试卷上的解答将被视为无效答题，不予评分。 课程编号：442 课程名称：金属学 一、选择题（单项选择，每题2分，共40分） 1、两晶体的空间点阵相同，则 a、它们的晶体结构相同； b、它们的对称性相同； c、它们所属的晶系相同； d、它们所属的空间群相同。 2、配位数与致密度及间隙半径之间的关系是： a、配位数越高，致密度越低； b、配位数越高，致密度越高； c、配位数越高，间隙半径越大； d、配位数越高，间隙半径越小。

3、指出下列四个六方晶系的晶面指数中，哪一个是错误的： a、（1?3 22）； b、（0?1 1 2）； c、（0 3?1 2）； d、（3 ?1?2 2）。 4、间隙相和间隙固溶体的区别在于： a、间隙相的结构比间隙固溶体简单； b、间隙相中原子结合符合化合价规律，间隙固 溶体不符合化合价规律； c、间隙固溶体中间隙原子在溶剂晶格的间隙 中；间隙相中原子在正常原子位子上； d、间隙相中有点阵畸变；间隙固溶体中没有点 阵畸变。 5、A、B二组元形成共晶系，则： a、具有共晶成分的合金铸造工艺性能最好； b、具有亚共晶成分的合金铸造工艺性能最好； c、具有过共晶成分的合金铸造工艺性能最好； d、不发生共晶转变的合金铸造工艺性能最好。 6、Cu5Zn8，Cu9Al4，Cu31Sn8虽然化学成分不同， 但晶体结构相同，均属γ黄铜结构，这是因为：

a、Zn, Al, Sn三种元素的原子半径相近； b、这三种中间相的电子浓度相同； c、Zn, Al, Sn三种元素的电负性相近； d、Zn, Al, Sn三种元素的晶体结构相同。 7、与(021)和(121)同属一晶带的有： a、(121)； b、(221); c、(110); d、(221)。 8、几何密排和拓朴密排均属密排结构，两者的不同在于： a、几何密排的致密度比拓朴密排高； b、几何密排中的原子配位数比拓朴密排中的原 子配位数高 c、几何密排的晶体结构比拓朴密排复杂； d、几何密排是由同种原子组成的密排结构，而 拓朴密排是两种原子组成的密排结构。 9、晶粒尺寸和形核率N，线长大速度v g之间的关系是： a、N越大，晶粒尺寸越大； b、N/v g越大，晶粒尺寸越大； c、v g/N越大，晶粒尺寸越大；

硕士研究生入学考试大纲

硕士研究生入学考试大纲 考试科目名称：单考数学考试科目代码：[701] 一、试卷满分及考试时间 试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。 二、答题方式 答题方式为闭卷、笔试. 三、试卷内容结构（以下结构供参考） 函数、极限、连续20% 一元函数微积分学60% 二元函数微积分学10% 无穷级数5% 常微分方程5% 四、试卷题型结构（以下结构供参考） 单选题6小题，每题5分，共30分 填空题6小题，每题5分，共30分 解答题(包括证明题) 7小题，共90分 五、考试内容 （一）函数、极限、连续 考试内容 函数的概念及表示法；函数的有界性、单调性、周期性和奇偶性；复合函数、反函数、分段函数和隐函数；基本初等函数的性质及其图形；初等函数；函数关系的建立。数列极限与函数极限的定义及其性质；函数的左极限和右极限；无穷小量和无穷大量的概念及其关系；无穷小量的性质及无穷小量的比较；极限的四则运算；极限存在的两个准则：单调有界准则和夹逼准则；两个重要极限。 函数连续的概念；函数间断点的类型；初等函数的连续性；闭区间上连续函数的性质。 考试要求 1.理解函数的概念，掌握函数的表示法，会建立应用问题的函数关系。 2.了解函数的有界性、单调性、周期性和奇偶性。 3.理解复合函数及分段函数的概念，了解反函数及隐函数的概念。 4.掌握基本初等函数的性质及其图形，了解初等函数的概念。 5.理解极限的概念，理解函数左极限与右极限的概念以及函数极限存在与左、右极限之间的关系。

6.掌握极限的性质及四则运算法则。 7.掌握极限存在的两个准则，并会利用它们求极限，掌握利用两个重要极限求极限的方法。 8.理解无穷小量、无穷大量的概念，掌握无穷小量的比较方法，会用等价无穷小量求极限。 9.理解函数连续性的概念(含左连续与右连续)，会判别函数间断点的类型。 10.了解连续函数的性质和初等函数的连续性，理解闭区间上连续函数的性质(有界性、最大值和最小值定理、介值定理)，并会应用这些性质。 （二）一元函数微分学 考试内容 导数和微分的概念；导数的几何意义和物理意义；函数的可导性与连续性之间的关系；平面曲线的切线和法线；导数和微分的四则运算；基本初等函数的导数；复合函数、反函数、隐函数以及参数方程所确定的函数的微分法；高阶导数；一阶微分形式的不变性；微分中值定理；洛必达（L’Hospital）法则；函数单调性的判别；函数的极值；函数图形的凹凸性、拐点及渐近线；函数图形的描绘；函数的最大值与最小值。 考试要求 1.理解导数的概念，函数左导数与右导数的概念以及函数导数存在与左、右导数之间的关系；理解函数的可导性与连续性之间的关系。 理解微分的概念，理解导数与微分的关系。 2.掌握导数的四则运算法则和复合函数的求导法则，掌握基本初等函数的导数公式.了解微分的四则运算法则和一阶微分形式的不变性，会求函数的微分。 3.了解高阶导数的概念，会求简单函数的高阶导数.。 4.会求分段函数的导数，会求隐函数和由参数方程所确定的函数以及反函数的导数。 5.理解并会用罗尔(Rolle)定理、拉格朗日(Lagrange)中值定理和柯西(Cauchy)中值，了解并会用泰勒(Taylor)公式。 6.掌握用洛必达法则求未定式极限的方法。 7.理解函数的极值概念，掌握用导数判断函数的单调性和求函数极值的方法，掌握函数最大值和最小值的求法及其应用。 8.会用导数判断函数图形的凹凸性，会求函数图形的拐点以及水平、铅直和斜渐近线，会描绘函数的图形。 （三）一元函数积分学 考试内容 原函数和不定积分的概念；不定积分的基本性质；基本积分公式；定积分的概念和基本

硕士研究生入学考试复试试题(自我介绍)

硕士研究生入学考试复试试题（自我介绍） Good evening, teachers and professions, I am glad to take part in this interview in this time in which spring is coming in Shanghai. Now let me interview myself. I am Wang Bingnan from Shanghai University of Sports. My major in the past four years is mass sports. Why I decide to learn this subject, because I know this is important. It is closely related to each of us. As the saying goes“Life is movement”, only we take part in the sports, we can have a good performance to meet the sunrise every day. Though I am succeed in the Undergraduate study, but I gradually find that only the people develop good exercise habits in the childhood, the whole nation can be stronger, so I decide to learn the Physical Education at the graduate level. I want to become a teacher, because I like this feeling which I can take my ideas, thoughts to my students, they are ignorant, but I can make them thoughtful and capable. Besides my hobby is reading and sporting. My favorite author is Wang Xiaobo, who is dead in 1997，of course it is a pity. I like him because he teaches me independent thinking, at the same time, his article is very interesting. My favorite football player is Mesut Ozil, who is born in Turkey and go to Germany with his parents in his childhood. He is a frontal in the Germany national football team and he is a very important

北大中文系研究生入学考试试题汇编

北大中文系研究生入学考试试题汇编 北大中文1996研究生入学考试当代专业基础试题 一、填空题(1’x20＝20’) 1、《诗品》的作者： 2、《老残游记》的者： 3、《天狗》的作者： 4、《红烛》的作者： 5、《弃妇》的作者： 6、《沉沦》的作者： 7、《红梅之夕》的作者： 8、《九十九度中》的作者： 9、《文学改良刍议》的作者： 10、《一节历史掌故、一个宗教寓言、一篇小说》的作者： 11、《倾城之恋》的作者： 12、《雨巷》的作者： 13、《颓败线的颤动》的作者： 14、《元白诗笺证稿》的作者： 15、《镜与灯》的作者： 16、苏文纨是《________》中的人物 17、“日暮乡关何处是？烟波江上使人愁”出自《________》 18、“硕鼠硕鼠，无食我黍”出自《诗经》的《________》 19、《中国新文学的源流》作者： 20、《语丝》曾由___________、___________ 、___________ 等先后主编 二、解析题（5’x7=35’） 1，诗无达诂（说明其含义，作简要评述） 2，公安派（主要人物、文学主张，） 3，普罗文学（来历，文学主张，举2－3篇代表作品） 4，魔幻现实主义（主要作家，基本特征） 5，三一律（含义） 6，鸳鸯蝴蝶派（代表作家，基本特征） 7，新小说派（主要作家，主要观点） 三、论述题（15’x3＝45’） 1，谈谈你对“评点”这一中国古代文学批评形式的看法 2，就钱钟书、沈从文、废名以及苏青等作家的文学成就与现有文学史给予他们的地位，谈谈你对“重写文学史”一说的看法 3，复述莱辛分析雕塑《拉奥孔》中的拉奥孔父子被巨蟒所缠而陷入痛苦却又没有呈现哀号情态的见解，并谈谈你对莱辛“降格说”的看法。 北大中文1997研究生入学考试现代专业试题 一名词解释 侨寓文学、国粹派、印象派批评、〈我在霞村的时候〉、〈现代诗钞〉 二问答题 1，将下面这段话结合鲁迅的思想进行分析（30分）（〈文化编圣论〉的一段话）

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题试卷

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试真题试卷《数学三》试题 一、选择题:1—8小题．每小题4分，共32分． 1 ．若函数10 (),0x f x ax b x ?->?=??≤? 在0x =处连续，则 （A ）1 2ab = （B ）12 ab =- （C ）0ab = （D ） 2ab = 2．二元函数(3)z xy x y =--的极值点是（ ） （A ）(0,0) （B ）03(,) （C ）30(,) （D ）11(,) 3．设函数()f x 是可导函数，且满足()()0f x f x '>，则 （A ）(1)(1)f f >- （B ）11()()f f <- （C ）11()()f f >- （D ）11()()f f <- 4． 若级数211 sin ln(1)n k n n ∞ =?? --??? ?∑收敛，则k =（ ） （A ）1 （B ）2 （C ）1- （D ）2- 5．设α为n 单位列向量，E 为n 阶单位矩阵，则 （A ）T E αα-不可逆 （B ）T E αα+不可逆 （C ）2T E αα+不可逆 （D ）2T E αα-不可逆 6．已知矩阵200021001A ?? ?= ? ???，210020001B ?? ?= ? ???，100020002C ?? ? = ? ??? ，则 （A ）,A C 相似，,B C 相似 （B ）,A C 相似，,B C 不相似 （C ）,A C 不相似，,B C 相似 （D ）,A C 不相似，,B C 不相似 7．设,A B ，C 是三个随机事件，且,A C 相互独立，,B C 相互独立，则A B U 与

硕士学位英语考试试题

硕士学位英语考试试题 PAPER ONE PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 MINUTES, 15 points) Section A ( 1 point each ) 1. A. He was on vacation. B. He was moving furniture. C. He was sick. D. He was working for a new company. 2. A. He does not understand it. B. He does not like it. C. He is used to it. D. He does not have to take it. 3. A. He is interested only in her ideas. B. He will not accept a late paper from her. C. He wants her to hand in her paper immediately. D. He will accept a late paper from her. 4. A. In a kitchen. B. In a garden. C. At the pictures. D. In an office. 5. A. Five B. Four. C. Seven. D. Six. 6. A. She was experienced in riding a bicycle. B. She was riding very slowly at that moment. C. She was riding a new bike. D. Some passes-by help her. 7. A. She can't see. B. Her ears was hurt. C. She can’t hear. D. Her eyes hurt. 8. A. She feels that he won't accept anything. B. She thinks he has almost everything he wants. C. She's sure he already has a pocket calculator. D. She's afraid he wants more than she can afford. 9. A. At the jewelry store. B. Down the hall. C. From other customers. D. From a machine Section B ( 1 point each ) Question 10 through 12 are base on the following conversation. 10. A. Peter's research paper. B. Peter's composition. C.A library book. D. Peter's take-home exam. 11. A. By studying in the library. B. He was absent that day. C. He did very well. D. He did very poorly. 12. A. Talk to the professor. B. Quit working. C. Get a better-paying job. D. Try to get a job on the campus. Question 13 through 15 are base on the following passage. 13. A. The development of animals. B. The development of land animal. C. The origin of sea creatures. D. The origin of human beings 14. A. Stand on their heads. B. Swim backward. C. Move on their fins. D. Swim upside down. 15. A. The appearance of tile fish. B. The size and the color of fish. C. The way the fish swims. D. The way the Fish uses its fins. PART II VOCABULARY ( 10 MINUTES, 10 POINTS ) Section A ( 0.5 point each ) 16. Frank and Jauntier asked their science teacher to settle the dispute once and for all. A. temporarily B. permanently C. cautiously D. decisively 17.The police found it difficult to apprehend the criminal because of the incomplete details supplied by the witness. A. sketchy B. complicated C. stern D. artistic 18.In order to maintain physical well-being, a person should eat wholesome food and get sufficient exercise. A. fresh B. stale C. well-cooked D. healthful 19. Not afraid of being fired, John Smith continued to defy the boss. A. avoid B. admire C. oppose D. guide 20. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other drawbacks. A. properties B. behavior C. disadvantages D. performances 21. After a number of disagreements with the committee, the chairman decided to quit. A. resign B. dismiss C. retire D. desert 22. The experiment shows this cathode emits electrons in a controlled environment. A. submits B. gives off C. rejects D. passes by . 23. To what place are you going to haul the furniture that you no longer need. A. sell B. put C. transport D. paint 24. The zealous demonstrators were ignored by all the media of this country. A. passionate B. colorful C. rude D. clever 25. In prehistoric times, eclipses of the moon and Sun were probably terrifying to people.

上海交通大学研究生入学考试试题

d 21m 第 3 题 附 图 N χ χ =0 χ =N 上海交通大学 1997年硕士研究生入学考试试题 试题名称 传热学（含流体力学） 答案必须写在答题纸上 传热学（含流体力学） 1、输气管道内的空气温度t f =100℃，流速u=1/s, 用一支插入套管中的水银温度计测量空气温度 （见附图），温度计的读数是铁管底部的温度t h , 已知铁套管与输气管道连接处的温度t 0=50℃, 套管长度h=140mm,外径d=12mm ，材料的导热 系数λ=58.2w/(m 2·℃)，试问测温误差为多少度？ 已知温度计套管的过余温度分布式为 ) ()]([0 mh ch h x m ch -=θ θ式中，综合参数 第1f u m λα/= ，铁管与空气间的对流换热的准则式为参数为λ=3.21×10-2w/(m ·℃)，ν=23.13×10-6m 2/s. 2、 如附图所示，厚δ初始温度为t o 的大平板 一侧被突然置于 ∞ t 的流体中冷却，另一侧保持 绝热，已知大平板材料的导热系数，密度和比热 分别为 λρ、c ，试导出大平板内节点 n=1,2,…N-1及边界节点n=0,N 的显式差分方程。 这里，N 表示平板的等分刻度数。 3、一辐射换热系统的加热面布置于顶部，底部为受热表面，顶部表 面1和底部表面2间隔为1m ，面积均为1×1 m 2。已知顶面的黑度ε1=0.2，t 1=727℃底面ε2=0.2，t 2=227℃。其余四侧表面的温度及黑度均相同，为简化计算， 可将它看成整体看待，统称F3，F3是地面绝热 表面，试计算1，2面之间的辐射换热量及表面 3的温度t 3,已知1，2面之间的角系数X 1，2=0.2 4、凝结液膜的流动和换热符合边界层的薄层性质，若把坐标X 取为 重力方向（见附图），则竖壁膜状凝结换热时的边界层微分方程组可表示为： 2 2 )(y u g d dp y u u u l l l ??++-=??+??μ ρχνχρ

历年英语考研真题及答案

历年英语考研真题及答案 【篇一：2010-2016年历年考研英语真题+答案】 tion i use of english section 1 use of english directions: read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [a], [b], [c] or [d] on answer sheet 1. (10 points) in cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. it may involve not only his parents and his friends, __1__those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. a young man can __2__ a likely spouse on his own and then ask his parents to __3__the marriage negotiations, or the young man‘s parents may take the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. __4__, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. __5__ a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying __6__ a good family. the traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. formerly it lasted three days, __7__1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. buddhist priests offer a short sermon and __8__ prayers of blessing. par--ts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting,__9__cotton threads soaked in holy water around the brides and grooms wrists, and __10__a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the __11__. newlyweds traditionally move in with the wifes parents and may__12__ with them up to a year, __13__they can build a new house nearby. divorce is legal and easy to __14__, but not common. divorced persons are __15__ with some disapproval. each spouse retains ___16___ property he or she __17__ into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is __18__ equally. divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice __19__up. the divorced male doesnt have a waiting period before he can remarry __20__the woman must wait ten months. 1.a. by way of b. with regard to c. on behalf of d. as well as 2.a. decide onb. provide forc. compete withd. adapt to 3.a. closeb. arrange c. renew d. postpone

研究生入学考试英语一真题

2013年研究生入学考试英语一真题 Part A Text 1 Inthe 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played byMeryl Streep, scold her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashiondoesn’t affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’ssweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and tothe bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment 。 Thistop-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or atodds with feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline’s three-yearindictment of “fast fashion”. In the last decades or so, advances in technologyhave allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react totrends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quckier turnroundsmean less wasted inventory, more frequent releases, and more profit. Thoselabels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposal—— meant to last only a wash or two, although they don’t advertisethat——and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. Byoffering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands havehijacked fashion cycles, shaking all industry long accustomed to a seasonalpace 。 Thevictims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. ForH&M to offer a 5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2300-plus stores around theworld, it must rely on low-wage, overseas labor, order in volumes that strainnatural resources, and use massive amount of harmful chemicals 。 Overdressedis the fashion world’s answer to consumer activist bestsellers like MichaelPollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma. Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fillsa hunger and need, yet is non-durable, and wasteful,” Cline argues, Americans,she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year——about 64items per person——and no matter how much they giveaway, this excess leads to waste 。 Towardsthe end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named SKB,who, since 2008 has make all of her own clothes——andbeautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; herexample, can’t be knocked off 。 Thoughseveral fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on laborand the environment——including H&M, withits green Conscious Collection Line——Cline believeslasting-change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealismcommon to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanityis a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’tafford to it 。21. Priestly criticizes her assistantfor her [A] poor bargaining skill 。 [B] insensitivity to fashion 。　[C] obsession with high fashion 。 [D]lack of imagination 。22. According to Cline, mass-maket labelsurge consumers to [A] combat unnecessary waste 。 [B] shut out the feverish fashion world 。　[C] resist the influence of advertisements 。　[D] shop for their garments morefrequently 。 23. The word “indictment” (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to 、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题，而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中，要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标等，要求技术交底。管线敷设技术中包含线槽、管架等多项方式，为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题，合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则：在分线盒处，当不同电压回路交叉时，应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理；同一线槽内强电回路须同时切断习题电源，线缆敷设完毕，要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行 高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系，根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求，对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验；对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作；对于继电保护进行整核对定值，审核与校对图纸，编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案，编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案；对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题，作为调试人员，需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料，并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况 ，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。 、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术，电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时，需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全，并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围，或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理，尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作，并且拒绝动作，来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此，电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术，要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时，需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。