初中英语名词复习讲义.docx

?名词复习?巩固训练?阅读指导

名词的分类

名词可分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。 1. 普通名词乂可分为：

⑴个体名词。如：cup, desk, student 等。一般可数，有单复数形式。 （2）集体名词。如:class, team, family 等。—般可数,有单复数形式。 ⑶物质名词。女U ： rice, water, cotton 等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 （4）抽象名词。如：love, work, life 等。

一般不可数，没有单复数之分。

2?专有名词：如：China, Newton, London, Lu xun 等。 对名词部分的复习应注意：

名词可分为专冇名词和普通名词两人类。

I ?专有幺词：表示人，地点，国家，城市，机构等的幺词。任何时候都需要大写首字母。

e.g. Karl Marx, Lu Xun, Thomas Edison, England, China, the Great Wall, Asia, the Yellow

River, Monday, January, Shanghai, the Summer Palace, Class Seven, Grade Nine, Zhuyuan Middle School, Shanghai Grand Theatre, the People's Park, Yu Garden, etc.

II. 普通名词：表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词：它又可分为： 1. 个体名词：（可数）表示个体的人或一些事物的总称。e.g. pilot, student, engineer, inventor, pen, photo, computer, etc. 2. 集体名词（可数）表示一群人或一些事物的总称。

e.g. class, family, group, army, team, police, cattle, crew, grade, people, crowd, etc. 3. 物质名词：（不可数）表示无法分为个体的事物的名称。e.g.

wood, milk, butter, bread, tea, cotton, silk, coal, rice, oik fire, air, paper, ink, chalk, meat, gold, dust, pollution, etc.

4. 抽象名词（不可数）：表示动作，状态，品质，感悄等的抽象概念。

e.g. health, love, progress, pleasure, courage, friendship, information, energy, strength, beauty, wealth, spirit, carelessness, illness, etc.

个体名词和集体名词可用数冃来计算.属丁?可数名词；物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数冃來 计算，属于不可数名词。

注意：名词的分类并不是一成不变的。有些名词在-种场合下属于这-类，在另-?种场合下乂 属于那

一类，但意义又有所不同。e.g.

个体名词

papers 报纸，试卷，论文

a glass/ glasses 玻璃杯/眼镜 a matter 一件事 woods 小树林

a fire 一堆火，火灾

a cloth 桌布，麻布

a chicken 一只鸡

（1）物质名词 paper 纸 glass 玻

璃 matter 物质 wood 木头 fire 火 cloth 布 chicken 鸡肉 （2）抽象名词

beauty 美丽

个体名词a beauty 美人

youth 青春 power th 电力 spirit 精神 tea 茶，茶叶 life 生活

difficulty 困难 可数名词的特点： a.冇单复数Z 分 b ?能用a, an, c.数词来修饰

c ? 可用 few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither, these,

those, each, every, another, other, hundreds of, a great many, a group of 等词语修饰 III. 可数名词由单数变复数的基本构成规则：

1. 大多数名词是在词尾加?s boys, toys, pens, books, mouths, months

2. 以字母s, x, ch, sh 结尾的名词，在词尾加?es 构成复数。

matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches watches> etc. 3. 以“（T 结尾,冇点加-es,冇的加-s

potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, zoos, pianos, radios, kilos, studios, kangaroos, UFOs, videos

4. 辅音字母+y 结尾， 去 y, +ies factories, countries, ladies, cities, batteries 元音字母+y 结尾的，S ［接加?s: boys, toys, days plays, holidays, monkeys, keys

5. 以 f, fe 结尾，去 f, fe, +ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf -> leaves, life T lives, wolf T wolves wife T wives half 9 halves, thief T thieves loaf T loaves handkerchief -> handkerchiefs, handkerchieves 注意：

roofs （屋顶），chiefs （首领）,chefs （厨师长）,cliffs （悬崖）,proofs （证据）,gulfs （海湾）， serfs （农奴）,beliefs （信念）safes （保险箱）handcuffs, etc. 6. 复合名词变复数时，有以下几种情况： （1） 如有主体名词则将主体名词变为复数：e.g.

two girl students, fellow workers, two sons-in-law 女婿 three sisters ?inJaw 嫂子 lookers-on 旁观者

passers-by 过路人

（2） 如找不到主体名词则在该词后加-s.如：grown-ups 成年人go-betweens 中间人 （3） man 或woman 构成的复合名词，两部分都变为复数。e.g. women doctors, men teachers 7. 不规则变化

man 9 men, woman women, policeman -^policemen, foot-^feet, tooth 9 teeth, child->childrcn. mousc-> mice, goose T geese 鹅 shccpTshccp, dccr^dccr, Chin esc 9 Chinese, Japanese T Japanese, Swiss — Swiss ox Toxen 公牛，fish, Germans, humans, walkmans, means T means

& 双复数规贝〔I ： （a pair of ） trousers, glasses, scissors, jeans, pants, shoes, gloves, socks, etc. 9. 形似单数，实为复数： people, police, cattle, crew 10. 以s 结尾，但仍然是单数：

maths, politics, physics, news, the United States, the United Nations （联合国）,the Philippines, 4fc Thc

the youth 青年人 a power 大国

a spirit 精灵妖精 a famous tea 一种名茶 lives 生命，生活方式 a difficulty 一件难事

d.复数名词作主语时,

谓语动词要用复数形式

Arabian Nights”《天方夜谭》，‘"Tales of the Two Cities”《双城记》is a good novel.

11.以s结尾，单、复数同形：means方法works工厂

IV.可与a, an连用的不可数名词：当抽象名词演化成抽象概念，转化为某种似乎可以体念得到的行为、动作或类别时，可和a, an连用。e.g.

have a good time, make an apology, have a talk （walk, swim, bath）, in a hurry, make a noise, make a living, come to a stop, take a look, get a rise, ask a favour of sb. have a fever, have a good laugh over, take on a new look, live a happy life, catch （a） cold, have a rest, have a break

V.名词的数量表达：

1.可数名词的数量表达：

many, few, a few, a great number of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 数词,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of..? dozens of scores of???

2.不可数名词的数量表达：

much, little, a little, some, a huge amount of. a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, huge amounts of...

VI.关于名词数的注意点：

1 ?名词作定语通常用单数形式:a car factory, two color films, word order, a paper bag

但也有用复数的：

sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room, talks table, the foreign languages department

2.复数名词前有一具体数词，一般被视为一个幣体，作主语时，谓语用单数：e.g.

These four years is very important for us.

I want to stay here for another three days?I go to see my granny every three weeks.

3.冇些名词在某些习惯性用法中，要用复数形式：

shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. change trains change seats

VII.名词的性：

英语中的名词，多数是没有“性''区别的，但少数名词有阳性和阴性之分。

man一- woman, girl一boy, king -一queen emperor （皇;帝）一-empress （皇后）

hero （男英雄）heroine （女英雄）cock —hen god（神）-goddess （女神）

bull （公牛）??cow（母牛）actor ---actress （女演员）he-wolf 公狼,she-wolf 母狼tiger, tigress 母老虎lad 少年lass 少女man teacher, boyfriends Frenchman, Frenchwoman

VIII.名词所有格

1.有生命的+ 's

Mary's, father's、the boy's books, anybody clsc's advice, each other's mistakes,

2.词尾是-s或-es的复数名词，只加

the teachers? office, the workers? tools T twenty minutes' walk

3.词尾没有-s 的复数名词则加"W来表示。Children's Day, Women's Day, the people's needs

4「s也可用于时间，距离，天体，国名，地名

a two-hour ride, in two weeks' time, today's newspaper, two hours' ride, twenty minutes' walk

5.如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在最后一个名词的词尾加?s”.

This is Lucy and Lily's bedroom.

如果不共有，则两个名词后而都加"'s". These are Bill's and Tom's bikes. 6?名词所有格后面指地点（如表示店铺、人家时）的名词常常可以省略。

at the tailor\ (shop), at Mr Green's (home) go to the doctor\ (clinic), to my uncle's (house) 7. 非生命体的用of 短语表示所属关系： a leg of the table, the door of the classroom

the windows of the house the biggest football game of the year &名词双重所有格：0f+?，Si 起修饰前面的名词，称为双重所有格。 a friend of mine = one of my friends

a friend of my father's = one of my father's friends a photo of Mr Crisp 一张 Mr Crisp 的照片

a photo of Mr Crisp's 一张Mr Crisp 所有照片中的一张照片 【中考真题】

1 ? Mr Chen was surprised to see the fast_________________ in Shanghai after his long absence from

the city, (develop)

2. The New Year ______________ arc so beautiful that everyone is looking forward to the party in the

hall this afternoon. (decorate)

3. Feng Ai’s love and _____________ will always be remembered by her students and their parents in Yunnan. (kind)

4. The most famous ______________ park in the world is Disneyland ?(amusing)

5. The bus ______ is responsible for the safety of his passengers. (drive)

6. More people are getting to know the _________________ of environmental protection. (important)

7.1 received some Christmas _____________ from my pen pals, (card)

8. The young man works as a ______________ in a five- star hotel, (wait)

9. The three young girls work as ___________________ in a restaurant, (wait)

【巩固训练】英语语法名词专项习题

【友情提醒】请同学们做题目时注意并划出句子中的“提示词语、提示句” ( )1 ? She was very happy. She ______________ i n the test.

A. makes a few mistake

B. made a few mistakes C ? made few mistakes

D ? makes few mistake

( )2. Wc need some more ______________ ? Can you go and get some, please?

( )9. He gave us ______________ on how to keep fit.

A. potato

B. potatos C ? potatoes ( )3. __________ are _______ for cutting things.

A. Knife/used

B ? Knives/used

C ? Knife/using

()4. What big ____________ the tiger has!

A. tooth

B. teeth

C. tooths

( )5. Please remember to give the horse some tree ____________ ?

A. leafs

B. leaves

C. leaf

D. tomatos D. Knives/using

D. toothes

D. leave

( )6 —Can we have some __________ ??—Yes, please ?

A. banana

B ? oninges

C ? apple

( )7. On the tabic there arc five ______________________ .

A. tomatos

B ? piece of tomatoes

C ? tomatoes

()8. They got much ______________ from those new books ?

A. ideas B ? photos C ?

D. pear

D. tomato

D. stories

tea? ()10.…Would you like

——No, thanks? I have drunk

two.

A. any, bottles of orange

C? many, bottles of oranges ( )11. He is hungry. Give him _

A. two breads

B. some, bottles of orange

D. few, bottle of oranges to eat.

B. two piece of bread

C? two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads ()12.1 would like to have ______

A. two glasses of milk

C. two glasses of milks ()13? Can you give me _______ B. two glass of milk

D. two glass of milks

A. a tea B? some cup of tea ( )14. Please give me ________________ pape匚

A. one

B. a piece

( )15? John bought ___________ for himself yesterday.

A. two pairs of shoes B? two pair of shoe C? a cup

tea

D. a cup of tea

C. a D? a piece

of

C? two pair of

shoes

D. two pairs shoes

( )16.——How many _________ have you got on your farm?

-…I've got five.

A.sheeps ()17. Some _______

A. Germans

B? sheep C? pig came to our school for a visit that day.

C? Germany

B. Gcrmcn

( )18? In (he picture there are many

A. sheep;foxes

()19? A group of _________

A. Englishman

()20. This table is made of

A. many glass B?

glasses

()21. How many

and two

B. sheeps; foxes C? sheeps; fox

will visit our school tomorrow?

B. Australian C?

Japanese

C? sonic

glasses D. chicken

D. Germanics

D?

sheep;foxs

D. American

D. glass

were there in the street when the accident happened?

C. police

A. policeman B? polices

( )22. There are sixty-seven _____________ in our school.

A. women's teacher B? women teachers C? woman teachers

D. peoples D. women teacher

( )23. There arc five _______________________ i n our factory.

A. woman driver B? women driver C? woman drivers D. women drivers ()24. These were sent to the villages to help the farmers.

A. women doctor

B. women doctors C? woman doctors D. woman doctor ()25. The football under the bed is.

A. Lily and Lucy

C? Lily's and Lucy

()26. Joan is _____________________

A. Mary's and Jack sister

C? Mary and Jack sister B. Lily's and Lucy*

D. Lily and Lucy's

B. Mary and Jack's sister

D. Mary's and Jack f s sister

( )27. In a few ________________ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.

A. year

B ? years'

C ? year's

D. years

()28. IFs about _______________ walk from my house ?

A. ten minute

B. ten minutes 1

C. ten minute f s

D. ten minutes

( )29. The post office is a bit far from here ? It's about

face to the south.

()31. Please take two

)34. They like Chinese

)3& When autumn comes, ______________ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.

A leaf

B leafs

C leave

D leaves

【提高题】

)39. Mrs Jenny gave us _________________ on how to learn English well.

A. some advices

B. many advices C ? some advice )40. There arc about twenty _______ in the room. They arc having a party there ?

A. people

B. sheep

C ? worker

)41. Look! There________________ playing with the tourists on the grassland ?

A. are a number of deer

B. are a number of deers C ? is a number of deer D. is a number of deers (

)42. How many ______________ d o you want? A kilo, please ?

A. potato

B ? bananas

C ? bread

D. milk

(

)43. How many ______________ a re there in the international village? A. Chinese

B ? Russian

C ? American

( )44. Sheep ____________ white and milk __________ white, too.

A. is, is

B ? are, are

C ? is, are

D ? are, is

A. thirty minutest walk

B. thirty minuted walk

C. thirty minutes* walk

D. thirty minutes walk

()30.

A. Windows of the room

B. The windows of the room C ? The room f s windows

D. The windows in room A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C ? the pictures of a park

)32. June 1st is ___________ D. picture of a park

Day all over the world.

A. Child's

B. Childs'

C. Children's

D. Childrens'

()33. September 10lh is

Day in China, isn't it?

A Teacher's

B Teachers'

C Teacher

D Teacher of A food and peoples

B foods and people

C foods and people

D food and people

)35. The tall man with a big nose is

teacher.

A Tom and Carl

B Tom's and CarPs

C Tom and CarPs

D Tom's and Carl

)36. Mr. Li often gives us

by c-mail.

A. some good information B some good informations C good informations

D a good information

()37. The little baby has two

already.

A tooth

B tooths

C teeth

D teeths

( )45. I was so exited when I saw so many _____________ on the farm.

A. chicken

B ? sheep

C ? duck

( )46? British people eat ____________ a lot, and they are cooked in different ways ?

A. potato

B ? potatoes

C ? beef

D. chicken

( )47. The little boy made ________________________ ? He wanted to show them to us.

A. some special juice

B. some delicious food C ? several model planes with paper

D. a nice postcard

( )48? My mother bought some ________________ for my birthday party yesterday.

A. apple

B. banana

C ? orange

D. meats

( )49.1 have read ______________ sports news about the Fl race today.

A. two

B. pieces

C ? two pieces

D ? two pieces of

( )50. So _____________ homework really makes the students feel tired ?

A. much

B. many

C. little

D. few

( )51 ? If you want to keep healthy, you'd better eat more vegetables and ___________ m eat.

A. few

B. little

C. less

D. more

)52. Would you like ___________________ ? Thank you, but fm not thirsty.

A. any sandwiches

B. some bread C ? any moon cakes D ? some orange

)53 ■一Oh, there isn't enough ________ for us in the lift ?■一No hurry. Let's wait for the ncxt ?

)54. People in America eat much __________________

(

)55. They got much _____________ on the Internet.

)56 …What can I do for you, sir? …Fd like two _____________________

A. bottle of orange

B. bottle of oranges C ? bottles of orange D ? bottles of oranges

)57.We have bought two ______________ for the coming party. A. box of apple B ? boxes of apples C ? box of apples

D ? boxes of apple

)5& Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in ________________ ?

A two days' (ime

B two-days time

C two day's time

D two days time

)59. --Do you know the woman over there? —-Yes, she is ____________________ aunt.

A Lily and Lucy

B Lily's and Lucy's

C Lily's and Lucy

(

)60. Today is September 10th . It is _________________ Day.

A. Teachers

B.Teachers'

C ? the Teachers'

(

)61 ? Two bags are on the table. They are ________________ ?

A. the twins'

B. the (win's

C. twins

( )62. Those mountains will be covered with trees __________________

A. in a few years* time

B. in a few year's time C ? in a few years time D ? after a few years time )63 How long docs it take to get to the station? --It's _______________ walk ? A. six minute's B ? six-minutes C ? six minutes'

D ? six minutes

【完型填空】

Fast food is becoming more and more 1 in China, especially for children. At lunch time, it is very 2 to find seats in some fast food restaurants ?

3 do so many people like to eat in fast

A. ground

B. floor C ? place

D. room A. potatoes B. onions C. beef D. hamburgers A. photo B. ideas C ? message D. infonnation D Lily and Lucy's

D. Teacher's D. twin's

food restaurants? There are several 4 for it. Firstly, fast food is very quick. You don't need to wait ?Secondly; fast food restaurants also have a very good environment. At last, the fast food always tastes 5 , but it isn't healthy. So I think people should stop 6 too much fast food.

Though home cooking takes a lot of 7 , we can have healthy and delicious 8 .To be

healthy, we should eat 9 fast food. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a 10 ?( )1. A. interesting B. boring C. popular D. difficult

( )2. A. helpful B. careful C? popular D. difficult

( )3. A. Why B. When C. What D. Where

( )4. A. things B.reasons C? dishes D. meat

( )5. A. smelly B. salty C. delicious D. hot

( )6. A. drinking B. eating C. buying D. cooking

( )7. A. time B. rice C. water D. electricity

( )& A. meat B. meals C? vegetables D. rice

( )9. A. more B. less C. fewer D. faster

( )10. A. rest B. hurry C. mess D. house

【美文欣赏】Being an actor

1.What is it like being an actor? Many people think it must be wonderful b ] we travel to exciting places, wear beautiful clothes and make a lot of moncy. This is only one aspect of our lives though. We also work very hard?

I played a country girl in my last film? I had to live in a small village with the other actors for part of the winter. It was r 2 hiird for me as I grew up in a city. To help me play a country girl better, I cooked for myself and the others every day. I even walked a few miles sometimes to get water, as there was none in the houses? I wanted to u 3 how a real village girl lived? I thought it was fun at first. I felt different after a week or two, though.

I did wear some beautiful traditional c 4 , but they were not thick enough? I was very cold but I had to keep smiling all the time! One day, I couldn't do it any I 5 and I suddenly started crying. “Great! ” said the director. “I like it. She is crying with true feelings! ” I called my mum to tell her about it but my mobile phone wouldift work in the village?

I think it is worth doing all this, though? I like it when people tell me they enjoy my plays and a __6 me to sign a picture. It is also fun to be someone else for a while. Fm very lucky to be an actor.

1.b ____

2. r ______

3. u ______

4. c _________

5.1 _________

6. a _________

2.Fill in each blank with a proper word:

A hobby is an interesting way of spending your free t [ ? There arc so many different hobbies for different people to select. Some hobbies are very p 2 , while cHhers are quite unusual. You many choose one for yourself that interests you most. You may enjoy collecting things, such as s _______ 3 , foreign coins and so on. If you like to work with your hands, you may enjoy paper cutting and model making which both require great concentration and a 4 . Or you may enjoy creative hobbies,

like painting and clay model in g. Many people prefer a 5 outdoor games., such as sailing,

cycling and so on, which they can enjoy with o 6 ? Wherever you live, there is always a hobby for you to c 7 ? The hobby will give you many hours of pleasure and make your free time i _

8 ____ and creative?

1.1 _______________

2. p ________________ 3? s ____________ 4. a _______________

5. a _____________

6. o

7. c ______________

8. ______________

3.Almost everyone in the world uses oils （石）由）in some w 1 Without oil, the world will stop, so men 1

2 for it everywhere? Quite often they find n

3 , but the search （寻找）for oil always goes on. Oil is very i

4 because none of our machines can run without it. Cars and m

5 need oil, but so do many other things. How many things can you name?

1. w

2.1

3. n

4. i ________________

5. m

(完整版)初中英语语法专项代词练习及答案

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