自考英语二课文译文习题 Unit 7

Text A Leisure and Leadership

休闲与引导

Observations and research findings indicate that people in advanced industrial societies are inc reasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time. The i mportance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertai nment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.

观察和研究结果显示发达工业社会的人越来越关注的机会以及空闲时能做些什么。对带薪休假的重视和大众娱乐服务的快速进步是这种关注的标志。

The term "quality of life" is difficult to define. It covers a very wide scope such as living environ ment, health, employment, food, family life, friends, education, material possessions, leisure and r ecreation, and so on. Generally speaking, the quality of life, especially as seen by the individual, i s meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide sa tisfaction to the individual.

"生活质量"这个词不好下定义。它包含很广的范围，例如生活环境、健康、就业、食品、家庭生活、教育、物质财富、休闲和娱乐，等等。一般地说，尤其在个人来看，生活质量由个人在多大程度上能够得到生活的这些方面并感到满意来衡量。

As activity carried out as one thinks fit during one's spare time, leisure has the following functi ons: relaxation, recreation and entertainment, and personal development. The importance of thes e varies according to the nature of one's job and one's life-style. Thus, people who need to exer

t much energy in their work will find relaxation most desirable in leisure. Those with a better educ ation and in professional occupations may tend more to seek recreation and personal developmen t (e.g., cultivation of skills and hobbies) in leisure.

作为个人认为适合在业余时间进行的活动，休闲具有以下功能：放松、消遣和娱乐，以及个人发展。这些功能的重要性因各人的工作性质和生活方式而不同。因此，需要在工作中消耗大量精力的人会发现最想要在休闲中放松。受过较好教育的人和职业较为专业的人可能倾向于在休闲中寻找消遣和个人发展。

The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. Even the same leisure activity m ay be used differently be different individuals. Thus, the following are possible uses of television w atching, a popular leisure activity: a change of experience to provide "escape" from the stress an d strain of work; to learn more about what is happening in one's environment; to provide an oppor

tunity for understanding oneself by comparing other people's life experiences as portrayed in the p rogrammes.

休闲的具体用途因人而异。甚至同样的休闲活动各人做起来也可能功能不同。下面是看电视的可能的用途，这是一种很常见的休闲活动：换种体验，从工作压力里"逃开"；了解更多身边的事情；通过比较节目中他人的生活经验提供一个了解自身的机会。

In an urban society in which highly structured, fast-paced and stressful work looms large in lif e, experiences of a different nature, be it television watching or bird-watching, can lead to a self-r enewal and a more "balanced" way of life.

城市生活中，结构严密，步伐迅速，工作压力在生活中投下阴影，不同性质的经验，不管是看电视还是看鸟，都能达到自我更新更平衡的生活方式。

Our likes and dislikes, tastes and preferences that underlie our choices of such activities as rea ding books, going to the cinema, camping, or certain cultural pursuits, are all related to social cont exts and learning experiences. We acquire interests in a variety of things and subjects from our fa milies, schools, jobs ,and the mass media. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that lei sure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.

既然休闲基本上是个人决定的事，就可以做任何给自己带来愉悦和满足的活动，发展个人兴趣爱好。我们的好恶、品位、喜好决定了我们是选择看书、看电影、露营、或某种文化追求，而前者又同社会环境和学习经验有关。我们从来自家庭、、学校工作和大众传媒的事物中获得各种兴趣。基本上这种态度就等于承认休闲是生活的重要部分，相信休闲能够并且应该得到充分利用。

Professional workers in recreation services, too, will find that to impart positive leisure attit udes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisf ying ways. Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these vari ous contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes, interests and ev en skills relevant to how we handle leisure. Influence of this kind is a form of leadership.

娱乐行业的业者也发现。让公众具有积极的休闲态度，对于鼓励他们以创造性的充实的方式利用休闲十分必要。可以说，我们在各种各样休闲的场合下接触的人；都有可能对形成我们的休闲态度，我们的兴趣．甚至是我们利用休闲的方法起到一定的影响。这种影响是一种引导形式的影响。 Parents, teachers in schools, work associates and communicators in or using the mass media a re all capable of arousing our potential interests. For example, the degree to which and the ways i n which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contri bute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

父母、老师、工作同伴和大众媒体的传播者都能激发我们潜在的兴趣。例如，学校对于做游戏、参加体育活动和文化追求的鼓励的程度和方式很可能对学生休闲态度的形成产生影响。

Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced developme nt of the person. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes toward s leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

学校常常把人的平衡发展作为它们的教育目标。越是认真地追求这一目标，这越可能鼓励正面的休闲态度，就像鼓励学业一样。

Text B The Time Message

时间信息

You may have been exposed to this idea before, but this time try to hear. There is a message t hat is trying to reach you, and it is important that it get through loud and clear. The message?

你可能听说过这个观点，但不妨再听一次。有一条信息要传送给你，而且要清楚响亮地传到，这很重要。信息？

Time management!

时间管理！

Time is elusive and tricky. It is the easiest thing in the world to waste - the most difficult to co ntrol. When you look ahead, it may appear you have more than you need. Yet it has a way of slipp ing through your fingers like quicksand. You may suddenly find that there is no way to stretch th e little time you have left to cover all your obligations. For example, as a beginning student lookin g ahead to a full term you may feel that you have an oversupply of time on your hands. But towar d the end of the term you may panic because time is running out. The answer?

时间难以捉摸，稍纵即逝。浪费时间是世界上最容易做到的事情，也是最难控制的。当你朝前看时，时间也许显得比你需要的多。可是它会像流沙一样从缝间溜走。你可能会突然发现剩下的那点时间没法完成所有的任务。比方说，作为一个新生，你看到眼前整整一个学期，会觉得手上有多余的时间，但是当学期末临近时，没准就会恐慌起来，因为时间快用完了。答案呢？

Control!

控制！

Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. If you don't make it work for yo u, it will work against you. You must become the master of time, not the servant.

时间是危险的。你不控制它，它就会控制你。你不让它为你工作，它就会成为你的对头。你必须做它的主人而不是佣人。

Study hard and play hard is an old proverb, but is still makes sense. You have plenty of time fo r classes, study, work, and play if you use your time properly. It is not how much time you allocat e for study that counts but how much you learn when you do study.

刻苦学习，开心玩耍是句老话，但依然有意义。如果合理安排时间就会有足够的时间上课、学习、玩耍。重要的不是分配了多少时间学习，而是学习时你到底学到了多少。

Too much wasted time is bad medicine. The more time you waste, the easier it is too continu

e wasting time. Soon, doing nothing becomes a habit you can't break. It becomes a drug. When th is happens, you lose your feeling o

f accomplishment and you fall by the wayside. A full schedule i s a good schedule.

浪费太多时间就跟吃了治不好病的药一样。时间浪费得越多，就越容易继续浪费时间。很快无所事事就成了改不掉的习惯，就会上瘾。如果这样，你会失去成就感，半途而废。安排得满满的时间表就很好。

Some students refuse to hear the time message. They refuse to accept the fact that college lif e demands some degree of time control. There is no escape. So what's the next setp? If you serio usly with to get the time message, this passage will give it to you. Remember - it will not only imp rove your grades but also free you to enjoy college life more.

有的学生拒绝听取时间。信息他们不愿意接受大学生活要求一定程度的时间控制这一事实。但这无可避免。那下一步呢？如果你真心想要得到时间信息，这个章节会提供给你。记住，这不仅会提高你的分数，还会让你更地享受大学生活。

Message 1. Time is valuable - control it from the beginning.

信息1：时间是宝贵的，从头开始控制它。

Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the beginning of the term and re adjust it with each new project. Thus you can spread your work time around a little.

时间就是今天，不是明天或下星期。在学期开始时就实施你的计划并随着每一个新的规划调整。这样就能把工作的时间分散一些。

Message 2. Get the notebook habit.

信息2：养成用笔记本的习惯。

Go and buy a pocket-size notebook. There many varieties of these special notebooks. Select th e one you like best. Use it to schedule your study time each day. You can also use it to note impor tant dates, appointments, addresses, and telephone numbers. Keep it with you at all times.

去买个袋装笔记本。这种特殊笔记本有好多，这种你最喜欢的，用它来安排每天的学习时间。还可以记载重要的约会、地址、电话号码。把它一直带在身边。

Message 3. Prepare a weekly study schedule.

信息3：制定每周学习计划。

The main purpose of the notebook is to help you prepare a weekly study schedule. Once prepa red, follow the same pattern every week with minor adjustments. Sunday is an excellent day to m ake up your schedule for the following week. Write in your class schedule first. Add your work hou rs, if any. Then write in the hours each day you feel you must allocate for study. Keep it simple.

这个笔记本的主要用途是帮你准备一周学习计划。一旦定下，每周依照同样模式而行，只做小的变动。星期天正好用来安排下周计划。最先记下上课的时间，再加上工作时间，如果有的话。然后写上每天必须分配的学习时间。尽量简单些。

Message 4. Be realistic.

信息4：现实些。

When you plan time for these things, be realistic. Don't underestimate. Overestimate, if possibl

e, so that emergencies that arise don't hang you up. Otherwise your entire routine may get throw n off balance while you devote night and day to crash efforts.

做计划时，现实些。别少估时间，如果可能，多估些，这样发生紧急情况也不至于耽误工作。否则你日夜应付突发事件时，日常工作就会推动平衡。

Message 5. Make study time fit the course.

信息5：学习的时间同课程相符。

How much study time you schedule for each classroom hour depends on four factors: (1) you

r ability, (2) the difficulty of the class, (3) the grades you hope to achieve, and (4) how well you u se your study time. One thing, however, is certain: you should schedule a minimum of one hour o f study for each classroom hour. In many cases, more will be required.

每个课时安排多少时间学习取决于四个因素：（1）能力；（2）课程难度；（3）希望得到的分数；（4）利用时间能力的好坏。但有一件事是确定的：每一课时应安排至少一小时学习时间。很多情况下会需要更多时间。

Message 6. Keep your schedule flexible.

信息6：保持学习计划的灵活性。

A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can be taken care of properl

y. Think out and prepare your schedule each week and do not become a slave to an inflexible patt ern. Adjust it as you deem necessary.

好的时间表必须有点儿弹性，这样特殊的计划就能处理得当。想一想，制定每周的计划，不要变成一成不变的模式的奴隶。必要时加以调整。

Message 7. Study first - fun later.

信息7：先学习，后娱乐。

You will enjoy your fun time more after you have completed your study responsibilities. So, wh

ere possible, schedule your study hours in advance of fun activities. This is a sound principle to foll ow, so keep it in mind as you prepare your first schedule.

完成学习任务之后再玩会更加愉快。所以只要可能，把学习时间安排在娱乐之前。这是要遵从的合理原则，所以在准备第一个日程表的时候就牢记在心。

Message 8. Study some each class day.

信息8：每个学习日都学到一些东西。

Some concentrated study each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the n ext. As you work out your individual schedule, attempt to include a minimum of two study hours e ach day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class as signments and projects.

每天集中学一会儿比一天学几个小时、第二天又不要学强。做个人日程表时，尽量每天安排至少两个小时学习。这不仅让你保持学习习惯，还使你了解学习任务和计划。

Few beginning freshmen can control their time effectively without a written schedule, so why k id yourself into thinking you don't need one? You do. Later on, when you have had more experien ce and you have the time-control habit, you may be able to operate without it. Of course the sche dule is only the first step. Once you have it prepared, you must stick with it and follow it faithfull y. You must push away the many temptations that are always present or your schedule is useles s. Your schedule will give you control only if you make it work.

很少大学新生能够没有日程表就有效地控制时间，所以干嘛骗自己以为你不需要时间表？你需要。到后来，更有经验，养成了控制时间的习惯以后，你可能就不需要了。当然日程表只是第一步。一旦把这个准备好了，必然坚持，忠实遵循。得推开那些不断出现的诱惑，否则你的日程表就没用了。只有让日程表起作用，你才能用它支配时间。

UNIT 7

1. Most today’s robots are employed in the automotive industry, _____they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting . (99.4)

A. as

B. which

C. when

D. where

答案：D. 考点：where 引导的非限定定语从句，修饰automotive industry。

2. Robots differ from automatic machines in_____after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed to be another one. (00.4)

A. which

B. that

C. how

D. whether

答案：B. 考点：in that 复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”。

3. Robots , already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning_____(see) in other

industries as well. (00.4) (01.10)

答案：to be seen 考点：begin to do sth. 所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。

4. Anyone______(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

(00.10)（01.4）

答案：wanting 考点：动词现在分词作定语修饰anyone。

5.The nations that____actively______(involve) in earthquake prediction programs include Japan, China, Russia, and the United States.

答案：are involved 考点：词组：be involved in sth.

6. 汉译英：机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？（00.10）

答案：In what field will robots take over human tasks?

7. It is not yet known_____computers will one day have vision as good as human vision .

A. whether

B. if

C. that

D. how

答案：A . 考点：whether 引导的主语从句。

8. Robots, ______(become) increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed

world, are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

答案：becoming 考点：现在分词作状语。

9 . Robots , becoming_____(increase) prevalent in factories , are programmed and engineered

答案：increasingly

10. 汉译英：今年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。

答案：In recent years, the computer is finding wider and wider application in all fields.

1、word study

attach,underlie,relevant,positive

attach

vt.1、固定住，系；2、附加，隶属；3、把（重点）放在；4、使喜爱，使依恋

You have to attach a label to a box while posting it.

邮寄箱子时需在箱子上贴上标签。

They provide aid with no conditions attached.

他们提供无附加条件的援助。

We should attach primary importance to a firm and correct political orientation.

我们要把坚定正确的政治方向放在第一位。

He was strongly attached to his home.

他对他的家恋恋不舍。

underlie

vt.支撑；构成（理论，政策，行为等）的基础

Careful planning underlies all my decisions.

我的全部决定是以周密计划为根据的。

What underlies his lack of interest in work?

什么造成了他对工作缺乏兴趣？

There were deeper tensions underlying last week’s strike.

上星期的罢工背后潜伏着更为深刻的紧张局势。

relevant

a.1、贴切的，中肯的；2、与。。。有关的（to）

This is a relevant question.

这是一个中肯的问题。

This point is not really relevant and we had better move on.

这一点并没有什么关联，咱们还是接着谈别的吧。

We should make our lives relevant to the needs of the country.

我们应该使个人生活与国家的需要挂起钩来。

All evidence relevant to the case should be gathered and analyzed.

所有与本案有关的证据均应搜集和分析。

positive

a.1、明确的，确实的；2、积极的，肯定的；3、正的，阳性的

He gave positive instructions.

他给了明确的指示。

I wonder if he can provide positive proof.

我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据。

Light is a positive thing; darkness is only the absence of light.

光是确实存在的东西，而黑暗只是没有光。

Who can give a positive answer?

谁能给一个肯定的答复？

He always has some positive ideas on company policy.

他对公司的政策总有一些建设性的意见。

The test is positive which shows a particular disease is present.

化验的结果呈阳性，说明确实得了某种病。

2、重点句型

1、生活在先进的工业化社会的人们越来越关心休闲的机会。P1

People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.

2、人们赋予带薪休假的重要性和大众娱乐服务的快速发展是日益关注这一问题的标志。P1 The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.

3、对休闲的具体利用人与人不同。P4

The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.

4、由于休闲基本上是自己决定的事，个人就可以培养自己的兴趣和爱好，并以能为自己带来享受和满足的方式参与某项活动。P6

Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to one’s interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.

5、基本上说，上述态度等同于一个认识：休闲是生活的一个重要方面；等同于一个信念：休闲能够并且应该充分利用。P7

Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and of a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.

6、比如，学校鼓励参加游戏、运动和文化活动的程度和方式可能对形成学生的休闲态度起

一定的作用。P9

For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.

7、学校常常把达到个人均衡发展设定为它们的教育目的。P10

Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person.

8、对此追求得越认真，就越可能鼓励人们对待休闲和学术工作持积极态度。P10

The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

3、习题

一、英译汉重点单词词组：

1.research

2.attach

3.underlie

4.relevant

5.positive

6.possession

7.desirable

8.relaxation

9.occupation10.urban

11.acquire12.participation

be concerned with be relevant to to set … as objective

二、英译汉重点句子

1~8.与重点句型相同。

三、汉译英

1.生活质量这一术语涉及很广泛。

The term"quality of life" covers a very wide scope.

2.在生活节奏快，工作压力大的社会中，放松一下有利于健康。

In a fast-paced stressful society, it is good for health to set aside some time to relax oneself.

It's good for one's health to find time to relax in a society of fast-paced and stressful work.

3.人们的兴趣和爱好与社会环境和个人学习经历有关。

People 's interests and hobbies are related to social contexts and their learning experiences.

People's interests and preferences are all related to social contexts and individual learning experiences.

4.积极的休闲态度是鼓励人们创造性地利用空闲时间的基础。

The positive attitude towards leisure is the foundation to encourage people's creative use of their spare time.

A positive leisure attitude is the foundation for motivating people to use their leisure in a creative way .

5.研究与观察结果表明，人们越来越关心生活的质量。

The findings of research and observation indicate that people are more and more concerned with the quality of life.

Observations and researches indicate that people are increasingly concerned with the quality of life.

4、历年试题

1. A good schedule must have a little give so that special projects can_____(take) care of properly.

(99.4)

答案：be taken 。考点：情态动词的被动语态。

2. Since leisure is basically self-determined, one should get involved_____an activity in ways that

will bring enjoyment and satisfaction . (99.4)

A. in

B. of

C. towards

D. with

答案：A . 考点：词组get /be involved in 参与…；卷入…

3. The importance of these_____(var y ) according to the nature of one’s job and one’s lifestyle.

(99.10)

答案：varies 考点：一般现在时单数第三人称形式。

4. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also _____(keep ) you up to date on your class assignments and projects. 答案

答案：keep 。考点：not only 与but also 后的词的形式应一致。

5. The specific use of leisure______from individual to individual. (00.4)

A. ranges

B. distinguishes

C. varies

D. covers

答案：C。分析：此题考查不及物动词vary 的用法。搭配为：vary …from …to 各不相同。

6. The more time you waste, the____(easy) it is to continue wasting time.(00.4)

答案：easier 。考点：the more …the more 句型，表示“越…越…”。

7. Such attitudes amount to a belief____leisure can and should be put to good use. (01.4)

A. which

B. if

C. whether

D. that

答案：that 。考点：that 引导同位语从句修饰belief 。

8. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to____ on your class assignments and projects. (01.4)

A. day

B. date

C. number

D. time

答案：B。考点：词组up to date 最新的，keep you up to date 表示跟得上….

9 . 汉译英：人们越来越关注休闲的机会。(99.4)

答案：People are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.

10. 汉译英：众所周知，即使同样的休闲活动，不同的人使用的方式也不同。(00.4)

答案：It is well known that even the same leisure activity may be used different by different individuals.

1. 在工业化国家人们越来越关心休闲的机会。

答：People in the industrialized countries are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.

2. 为什么他们对带薪休假那么重视呢？

答：Why do they attach so much importance to paid holidays?

3. 对休闲的具体利用是因人而异的。

答：The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.

4. 我们所接触的人可能对我们休闲态度产生某种影响。

答：The people with whom we come into contact may exert some influence on our attitudes toward leisure.

5. 学校教育的目的之一是使学生得到均衡发展。

答：One of the educational objectives of school is to attain a balanced development of students.