大学英语专业写作基础课件

大学英语基础写作

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1.段落解释： is a unit of thought composed of sentences,smaller units of thought,that relate to a single topic.Paragraph divisions serve two very useful functions 2.A good paragraph is composed 组成 in such a way that it has : idea with nothing in the paragraph not covered by the topic explores the main idea explicitly and concretely,with 3.第一个写作常识has sound internal structure.The qualities that indicate sound internal structure are unity,coherence,and completeness. 4.怎样做到内容一致An excellent way of achieving unity is by means of the topic sentence.Properly used,the topic sentence forces the writer to adhere to and to sustain the point he is trying to establish 5.标题句① the topic sentence properly used can achieve unity in the paragraph,which indicate the importance of the topic sentence;②the topic sentence 6.第二个写作常识 In short,a good topic sentence has a limited subject and a sharp focus,namely,a good topic sentence is not too general nor too narrow.A topic sentence that is too general requires much more than a paragraph to develop it.A topic sentence that is too narrow leaves little to be said in the rest of the coherence is connection and consistency.A coherent paragraph is one in which all the sentence are related logically and grammatically to make a whole that allows the reader to follow the writer’s train of thought step by step 8．第三个写作常识 Just as topic sentences help readers follow our ideas,other signals also help them understand what we have to say.When we write and when we revise,look for the areas that seem choppy or unconnected—that lack coherence.We can establish better coherence by using the following devices:pronoun reference,repetition ,and in a paragraph means that the topic is adequately developed by details,explanations,definitions,evidences,and the like,so that the reader is not left with only a fuzzy idea of what the writer means 1第四个写作常识：Development of the main idea, then, is like enlarging a photograph to make the details clearer. So, development in the paragraph is as important as unity and coherence between skillful development helps us to stick to our subject and focus and to keep up the sense of oneness. 2Inductive Pattern (归纳法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the inductive pattern of reasoning the writer presents particular instances of a like kind and leads them into valid generalization which serves as his topic sentence. 3Deductive Pattern (演绎法概念)：In developing a paragraph by means of the deductive pattern the writer begins with a generalization(the topic sentence) and proceeds with specific elaboration or application of the general idea. 4Inductive-deductive Pattern(归纳演绎法)：As the name indicates, in developing a paragraph by means of inductive-deductive pattern the writer first presents particular instances and a resulting generalization, then applies the generalization to a new instance.5第五个写作常识：Sequences of development are not independent of types of development. The most important sequences of development are general to particular, particular to general, climactic, chronological, and spatial. 6Climactic Sequence (层递顺序)：In a climactic sequence, the most intense or highest point of interest is saved for the final sentence, which may be, but is not necessarily, the topic sentence. 7.Chronological Sequence (时间顺序):A chronological sequence is one in which earlier things precede later things; items are listed in the order in which they occur in time. The most obvious use of a chronological sequence is in telling a story. 8Spatial Sequence (空间顺序)：A spatial sequence is used in descriptions of various types. It starts the reader at a particular point and then moves logically in some direction, from one place to another. 9第六个写作常识：The type of development is the way in which the main idea is supported-by details, definitions, statements of cause and effect, and so on. 10段落展开方式：Among the most important types of paragraph development are development by detail, comparison and contrast, process, classification and partition, cause and effect, definition, and mixed development.

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あぃ外国语学院英语系本科课程简介汇编 《基础英语写作I II》课程简介 课程目标：本课程旨在向学生介绍英语写作的基本方法和技巧，以及各类应用文的文体特点、行文格式和写法，使学生接触大量实例和范例，有步骤的进行写作训练，最终培养学生具有初步的英语写作能力。 课程主要内容：包括写作基础知识——怎样写好句子、怎样写好段落、怎样开头和结尾；各种文体，主要是记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、书信、请假条、留言、通知、通告、启事、海报的写作指导与练习。 教学环节：教师讲解与学生练习相结合。 考核方式：开卷笔试。 教材： 1.《英语写作手册》，丁望道等著，外语教学与研究出版 社，1995年版。 参考书： 1.《英文写作完全上手》，唐群著，辽宁教育出版社出版， 2000年版。 2.《新编大学英语写作》，万清新著，青岛海洋出版社， 2001年版。

课程目标：本课程传授现代英语词汇学的基础理论知识，使学生比较系统地掌握英语词汇的知识，比较深入地了解英语词汇的现状及历史演变过程，提高运用英语的能力。 主要内容：本课程以现代语言理论为指导，以英语词汇为研究对象。主要内容有单词的结构、构词法、词的语义特征及词义关系、英语词汇的构成、词义的历史演变、英语词汇的国别特征、英语成语及词典知识。 考核形式:笔试。 教材: 汪榕培、卢晓娟，《英语词汇学教程》，上海外语教育出版社，1997年10月第一版。 主要参考书目: 1. 陆国强，《现代英语词汇学》，上海外语教育出版社，1998年3月。 2. 汪榕培，《英语词汇学研究》，上海外语教育出版社，2000年4月第一版。 3. 林承璋，《英语词汇学引论》，武汉大学出版社，1987年6月第一版。

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