英国诗人威廉·布莱克在中国知名的诗句(俄、英、汉对照)

英国诗人威廉·布莱克（1757—1827；英文：William Blake；俄文：Уи?льям Блейк）在中国最知名的四句诗：

Уви?деть мир в одной песчинке,

И космос весь—в лесной травинке,

Вмести?ть в ладони бесконечность,

И в миге мимолётном вечность.

这是英国诗人威廉·布莱克的一首长达132行、名为《天真的预兆》（Auguries of Innocence）的长诗的俄文译文。是开头四行。在英国，这首长诗似乎并不著名，没有收在布莱克几本主要诗集里，评论家也不谈。活着的时候知者甚少，直到20世纪初才被挖掘出来。但在中国，他最出名的诗句就是这四句。

1919年，周作人在《少年中国》一卷八期上发表了《英国诗人勃来克的思想》一文，首次介绍了布莱克诗歌艺术的特性及其艺术思想的核心。文中说，布莱克是诗人、画家，又是神秘的宗教家；并第一次译出布莱克长诗《天真的预言》的总序中的这四句：

一粒沙里看出世界，

一朵野花里见天国。

在你掌里盛住无限，

一时间里便是永远。

四句诗的英文原文：

To see a world in a grain of sand,

And a heaven in a wild flower,

Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,

And eternity in an hour.

中文译本不下二三十种，如：

在一颗沙粒中见一个世界，

在一朵鲜花中见一片天空，

在你的掌心里把握无限，

在一个钟点里把握无穷

——《布莱克诗集》上海三联，张炽恒译

一粒沙里见世界，

一朵花里见天国；

手掌里盛住无限，

一刹那便是永劫。

——丰子恺《渐》中引用

一粒沙里有一个世界

一朵花里有一个天堂

把无穷无尽握于掌心

永恒无非是刹那时光

——杨振宁引自台湾散文家

一沙一世界，一花一天堂。无限掌中置，刹那成永恒。——徐志摩译

英国诗歌欣赏期末考试题(附答案)

I.Multiple Choice 1.To commerate the death of his young wife, __________wrote the poem Annabel Lee. a. D.H. Lawrence b. John Milton c. Philip Phreneau d. Edgar Allan Poe 2. In Leisure, ____________ thinks that it is a poor life if “we have no time to stand and stare” a. John Keats b. William Henry Davies c. Alexander Pope d. John Donne 3.. In Amy Lowell’s Falling Snow, the poet says that “When the temple bell rings again/ they will be covered and gone”. “They” here refers to ______ a. the wooden clogs b. footprints c. the pilgrims d. none of the above 4. The “busy archer”in Philip Sydney’s To the Moon refers to____ a. the poet himself b. Cupid c. a comrade-in-arms of the poet d. none of the above 5. “Act____act in the glorious present”is perphaps the most soul-stirring line in _________’s poem A Psalm of Life. a. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow b. Percy Bissy Shelly c. Walt Whitman d. Carl Sandburg 6. In Song of the Rain, _________ paints a rosy picture of happy family life where the poet is “Safe in the House with my boyhood love/ And our children are asleep in the attic above”. a. Kenneth Mackenzie b. Carl Sandburg c. Hugh MacCrae d. Jerard Manley Hopkins 7. “Day brought back my night”is a well-praised phrase from __________’s On His Deceased Wife. a. Edgar Allan Poe b. Robert Frost c. John Milton d. Philip Sydney 8. In James Shirley’s poem Death the Leveller, the word “leveller” means a. something that reduces everything to nothing b. something that brings equality to all c. something that levels the ground d. none of the abov e. 9. What does “Fire” in Robert Frost’s poem Fire and Ice symbolize? a. war b. anger c. love d. desire 10. In John Keat’s poem The Terror of Death, the phrase “unreflecting love” means a. love without calculation b. love without preparation c. love never thought of d. love involving many considerations II.Blank Filling 1.One word is too often ________, For me to ________ it One feeling is too ______distained, For ______ to distain it .

英国诗歌赏析1(本科)

Sonnet 18 William Shakespeare S hall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And of ten is his gold complexion dimm’d; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or n ature’s changing course untrimm’d; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; N or shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee Selected Metaphysical poems by John Donne I. THE FLEA Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little that which thou deniest me is ; It suck'd me first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled be. Thou know'st that this cannot be said A sin, nor shame, nor loss of maidenhead; Yet this enjoys before it woo, And pamper'd swells with one blood made of two ; And this, alas ! is more than we would do. O stay, three lives in one flea spare, Where we almost, yea, more than married are. This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is. Though parents grudge, and you, we're met, And cloister'd in these living walls of jet. Though use make you apt to kill me, Let not to that self-murder added be, And sacrilege, three sins in killing three.

英国诗歌赏析Word版

William Wordsworth ?What are the main features of Wordsworth’s poetry? ?back to nature ?deep love of nature ?appeal to individual sensations ?attention to humble folk of rural life ?simplicity and purity in language I travelled among unknown men 这首诗是采用民谣体创作的经典之作，浪漫主义产生了一定的促进作用。它的主题是诗人对露西和对祖国英格兰深深爱恋，意境凄美，感情真挚自然。 从韵律上看，这首诗的前三个诗节压的是行尾交叉韵（单数诗句四音部抑扬格，双数诗句三音部抑扬格交替转换），最后一诗节韵式为成对韵。 露西之死可以从诗的最后一句中——“露西，她最后一眼望见的”——可以看出，《露西》组诗的另外几首也可以作为旁证。露西死了，但是露西永远活在诗人心中，虽死犹生。露西是完美的，她死了，是因为现实中不存在这样完美的人。 lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey赏析 It is in blank verse. One of the major themes of the poem is - people\'s change over time.The title is very clear and literary gives us all the necessary informations like, time, place, date etc. which helps us to understand the poem. Imagination also plays very important role here. His longing to return to this special place a few miles above Tintern Abbey which he absolutely adores. We can see he has been away from this place for five years, and he always thinks about this magical place with its steep lofty cliffs and its beautiful scenery. the poem is about nature and how the speaker revoke his memory when he was in that location. She Dwelt among the Untrodden Ways 在韵律上，此诗采用谣曲形式（四音步抑扬格与三音步抑扬格相间押交韵），这些语言形式的特点也与诗中乡村姑娘的形象贴合得当，和谐统一。 描写的是一位普通的苏格兰少女。尽管她“美丽如星”，却生在“人迹罕至的乡野”，既得不到人的赞美，也得不到人的怜爱；更可惜的是，她小小年纪便默默无闻地死去了。诗中的感伤气氛和诗人哀怜的情绪，正是这种至性深情的自然流露，使诗句充满感染力。 从艺术手法上看，此诗似无技巧，其实是浑然天成，不露痕迹。如果我们细细阅读，就可看出此诗处处暗含对比。第二小节则连用两个比喻来进行对比。第三小节则是生与死的对比，生不为人知，死亦不为人闻，这说明她的命运是多么可怜。composed upon westminster bridge赏析 a sonnet describing London and the River Thames, viewed from Westminster Bridge in the early morning.

英国诗歌

这一讲我希望向大家简要介绍一下英语诗歌的发展史，英语和中文一样，都是世界上最有影响力的语言之一，前者使用范围最广，后者使用人口最多。英语诗的历史虽不能和我华夏那样源远流长，却也像一棵大树一样，滋生出不同的风格和流派。 英语诗的发展分为如下阶段：古代、中世纪、文艺复兴时期、启蒙运动时期、浪漫派、现代派和现代派之后 如果仔细阅读大量的诗歌诗，英语诗的最早作品可能算是《贝奥武尔夫》，这是讲述一位日耳曼部落传奇英雄的故事，但是却是用古英语写下的，不仅难读，而且有很多不同的羊皮纸版本，只有学问高深的学者才能读懂全文。但是，借助翻译版，我们已经能够感受到古代英伦三岛人民尚武、智慧的特点。 中世纪的英语诗歌可以说开始于1066年的一次民族战争，中世纪肆虐欧洲的维金人（Vikings）的一支在法国西南的诺曼底定居下来，并且皈依了基督教，他们的首领亨利受到教皇封赏，获得了诺曼公爵的称号。诺曼公爵的实力越来越强大，最后，他带领族人登陆英国，并占领了英伦三岛的大部，消灭了当地原有的部落，建立了一个强大的王国，这就是现代英国的前身。 诺曼公爵的入侵对英国语言的发展造成了极大的影响，入侵者不会讲英文，而讲一种和现代法语有亲缘关系的法语方言。而他们的后人成为了英国的统治贵族，这些贵族老爷开始也不会讲古英语，但时间久了，就会发现，要是老用法语和拉丁语，是很难控制和管理只会说英语的广大老百姓的。因此，在民政管理和法律诉讼这两个部门中，英语得到了普及，而贵族们常用的法语和拉丁语词汇，也渗透到了英语之中，这就导致了中世纪英语的产生。 用这种语言写作的诗人并不多，而且大多出现在中世纪晚期，到了十二世纪，他们中的集大成者出现了，他就是乔叟（Chaucer）,乔叟不是一个专职的诗人，他其实是亨利七世的庄园管家，由于有很多机会出使国外，加之教育程度较高，他熟悉古罗马的很多作家，如普鲁塔克、维吉尔、琉善，而且，他还了解但丁和博伽丘的作品，熟悉法国浪漫传奇诗篇《玫瑰传奇》。这样丰厚的阅读底子让他成为英国历史上第一位伟大的诗人。他的《坎特伯雷故事集》用韵文写成，第一次生动地描写了中世纪晚期英格兰市井之徒的生活和想象，穿插的传奇故事，生动又充满讽刺精神。乔叟是中世纪和文艺复兴时期的过渡人物，他的创作不仅给后世诗人很多启发，而他的语言就是现代英语的雏形和典范。因为，只有他是用现代英语的母亲，英格兰伦敦方言写作的诗人。 文艺复兴时期是英国诗歌的黄金时代，这个时期出现了英国文学史上最著名的“一人两派”，一人就是“说不尽的”莎士比亚，两派就是指大学才子群体和玄学派诗人。13世纪开始，英国的大学开始繁荣，并且影响力超出了简单的神学教育，在世俗教育方面也为社会贡献出了大量的有才之士，如著名的弗朗西斯·培根和托马斯·莫尔。在文学方面，大量的文学天才来自大学，比如克里斯多夫·马洛和本·琼生。同样，受过大学神学系教育的人又成为了带有另一种风格的优秀诗人。例如，约翰·邓恩和赫伯特·金，他们在风格上的后继者一直延续到英国革命时期的马维尔。这一派诗人曾经被英国历史上最有名的批评家约翰逊博士彻底打入冷宫，本以为永世不得翻身，结果在20世纪，居然被T.S.艾略特重新翻出来，成为一系列最伟大的诗人。 莎士比亚以一个人卓然迥异这两派高手，成为文艺复兴时期真正的绝世高手。大学才子一派的特点，在于善作修辞，而结构散漫，无法呈现某种深刻的人生境界；玄学派善于将深刻的思辨和奇特的比喻烙在一起，形成一种庄严但奇特

英语诗歌欣赏(英国)

How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你 – Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你？ Let me count the ways. 让我逐一细述。 I love thee to the depth and breadth and height 我爱你之深邃，之宽广，之高远 My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight 尽我的灵魂所能及之处—犹如探求 For the ends of being and ideal grace. 玄冥中神的存在和美好之极。 I love thee to the level of every day’s 我爱你如每日之必需， Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. 阳光下和烛焰前都少不了。 I love thee freely, as men strive for right. 我自由地爱着你，像人们争取他们的权利； I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. 我纯洁地爱着你，如人们在赞美前会垂首。 I love thee with the passion put to use 我爱你，带着我昔日悲伤时的 In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith. 那种激情，童年时的那种诚意； I love thee with a love I seemed to lose

我爱你，抵得上往日对圣者怀有的 With my lost saints. I love thee with the breath, 如今似已消逝的那种爱-我用呼吸， Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God choose, 用微笑，用眼泪，用我整个生命来爱你！ Sonnets from the Portuguese_ No. X 不过只要是爱，是爱，可就是美， Yet, love, mere love, is beautiful indeed 就值得你接受。你知道，爱就是火， And worthy of acceptation. Fire is bright, 火总是光明的，不问着火的是庙堂 Let temple burn, or flax. And equal light 或者柴堆－－那栋梁还是荆榛在烧， Leaps in the flame from cedar-plank or weed. 火焰里总跳得出同样的光辉。当我 And love is fire. And when I say at need 不由得倾吐出：“我爱你！”在你的眼里， _I love thee ... mark! ... _I love thee_ -- in thy sight 那荣耀的瞬息，我忽然成了一尊金身， I stand transfigured, glorified aright, 感觉到有一道新吐的皓光从我天庭 With conscience of the new rays that proceed 投向你脸上。是爱，就无所谓卑下， Out of my face toward thine. There's nothing low 即使是最微贱的在爱：那微贱的生命 In love, when love the lowest: meanest creatures

英国诗歌赏析3

Alfred, Lord Tennyson His writing encompasses many poetic styles and includes some of the finest idyllic poetry in the language. He is the first major writer to express the awareness of the vast extent of geological time that has haunted human consciousness since Victorian scientists exposed the history of the earth’s crust. Tennyson is a real artist. His poetry is rich in poetic images and melodious language, and noted for its lyrical beauty and metrical charm. crossing the bar 《过沙洲》是丁尼生年逾八旬在海上写的一首诗，诗行长短交替象形波浪，诗中含有丰富意象，多种修辞（暗喻、排比、双关、头韵等）运用得当。此诗为后人广为传颂，不仅因其显示诗人空前绝后的诗才，更因为诗人面对死亡的超然心态。 “渡过沙洲”是比喻，指诗人在经历了人生的风霜后，平静地迎接死亡的来临，毫无恐惧和衰伤。诗的前两行以视觉景色和声音开关，以鲜明的感观形象了读者注意力。 Break break break It centers on Tennyson's grief over the death of his best friend, A lyric poem often has a pleasing musical quality. Themes 1、The main theme is bereavement, heartache, emptiness.（Grief） 2、Preciousness of Youth 3、Indifference of Nature Robert browning "戏剧独白"手法写诗 采用客观描写和心理分析方法 在理论上和创作中，他不停地探讨邪恶，但他对邪恶缺乏真正深刻的理解，因此，他的复杂的诗歌缺乏深度。他写到现实生活中的邪恶，但对生活充满信心，也劝告世人乐观，振作. 布朗宁为心理描写大师，接受了17世纪玄学派诗歌的影响，用形象表达哲理的论述，喜用独特的譬喻，有的诗作流于悔涩. My last Duchess iambic pentameter Themes: The main themes are power, influence, marriage, aristocracy and egotism. Thomas Hardy 作品主题 哈代的小说以他所生长生活的英格兰西南部地区为背景，富有浓重的地方色彩。 哈代把坦诚表现现实当作他文学创作的虽根本原则。 他的作品主要关注的不是自然，而是人本身。

英语诗歌欣赏(英国)

英语诗歌赏析 （英国） 教师：郎琴芳 学生：12级（1—6班）英语语言文学方向 姓名： 班级： 座右铭： 2015 年8 月30日

How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你 –Elizabeth Barrett Browning How do I love thee? 我是怎样地爱你？ Let me count the ways. 让我逐一细述。 I love thee to the depth and breadth and height 我爱你之深邃，之宽广，之高远 My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight 尽我的灵魂所能及之处—犹如探求 For the ends of being and ideal grace. 玄冥中神的存在和美好之极。 I love thee to the level of every day’s 我爱你如每日之必需， Most quiet need, by sun and candle-light. 阳光下和烛焰前都少不了。 I love thee freely, as men strive for right. 我自由地爱着你，像人们争取他们的权利； I love thee purely, as they turn from praise. 我纯洁地爱着你，如人们在赞美前会垂首。 I love thee with the passion put to use 我爱你，带着我昔日悲伤时的 In my old griefs, and with my childhood’s faith. 那种激情，童年时的那种诚意； I love thee with a love I seemed to lose 我爱你，抵得上往日对圣者怀有的 With my lost saints. I love thee with the breath, 如今似已消逝的那种爱-我用呼吸， Smiles, tears, of all my life; and, if God choose, 用微笑，用眼泪，用我整个生命来爱你！ Sonnets from the Portuguese_ No. X 不过只要是爱，是爱，可就是美， Yet, love, mere love, is beautiful indeed

英国浪漫主义诗歌欣赏

Choose one romantic poet and make your comment on one of his/her poem. A Red,Red Rose Robert Burns Robert Burns is an excellent native poet of Scotland. He had written many lyrics praising nature, love, and friendship, such as “A Red, Red Rose”,“My heart’s in the Highland”. And today I will express my comment on his lyric “A Red, Red Rose”. This poem was written in 1794 and published in 1796. It is one of the world famous love poems, and one of Burns’best poems. It is written by a man for his lover. In the last stanza we can see that he is going away somewhere and “fare the weel”. The narrator keeps the poem simple as he does not want to complicate the expression of his feelings, his only desire is to proclaim his love for his partner, like a rose, soft, delicate, beautiful and innocent, in its simplicity, it sums up this man’s feelings for someone he adores. With its simple Scotch language, Burns expresses his love with strong emotions in effective words and haunting rhythm. The language of the poem is quite simple and such Scottish words like “luve”, “las”, “gang”, make it melodious and immortal. So, the poet’s own emotions are expressed with such vividness and simplicity that they appeal directly to the readers’heart. The red rose is a lyric of genius, made out of the common inherited material of folk song. It is an example of something that is very old but which seems startlingly new because it manages to convey deep feeling without qualification or embroidery. The extreme simplicity of the language and the charming rhythmic beat of the verse express better than anything else the poet’s true sentiments toward his beloved. In a word,it is the most popular poem in the world without any doubt, and I love it so much. 专业：英语专业 学号：B12123104 姓名：王利莹

英国文学诗歌赏析

I wandered lonely as a cloud Writer: William Wordsworth Genre(体裁)：lyric Tone: depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning. But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poet’s mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme --- the great influence of nature upon human being. Rhyme: He employs masculine rhyme in “a, b, a, b, c, c” pattern to receive emphasis as a musical effect. (e.g. “cloud” (a), “hills” (b), “crowd” (a), “daffodils” (b), “trees” (c), “breeze” (c) i n stanza 1. He arranges his poem in lines of iambic tetrameter in the main with alternation of iambic trimeter. Rhetorical devices(修辞手法): He also achieves musical quality by the management of alliteration（头韵）(e.g. “That floats on high o’er vales and hills” in line 2 and “Beside the lake, beneath the trees” in line 5) and assonance（类韵）(e.g. “beneath the trees in line 5” and “ They stretched in never-ending line” in line 9) and

英国文学诗歌期末整理版

一、Basic elements 1.节奏：一重读音节与一或个轻读音节按一定的模式搭配，有规律地反复出现。 2.轻重读：凡是有两个以上音节的英文单词，根据语法、语调、语意的要求，分为重读与轻读。 3.节奏：重读音节和轻读音节，按一定模式配合，反复再现，抑扬顿挫，就形成了诗歌的节奏。多音节单词有重音和次重音，次重音根据节奏既可视为重读，也可视为轻读。 Alone │she cuts │and binds│ the grain, And sings │a me│lancho│ly strain. 这两行诗的重读与轻读的固定搭配模式是：轻——重。在每行中再现四次，这样就形成了这两行诗的节奏。 4.音步：某种固定的轻重搭配叫“音步”（foot），相当与乐谱中的“小节”。 5.音部数：一行诗中轻重搭配出现的次数叫音步数。 二.常见的音步类型（轻读是“抑”，重读是“扬”） 根据重读与轻读搭配的方式的不同，可划分不同的音步类型，节奏自然也不同。最常见的音步类型有以下四种： 1.抑扬格（iamb, iambic） 若一个音步中有两个音节，前者为轻，后者为重 2. 扬抑格（trochee, trochaic） 若一音步中有两个音节，前者为重，后者为轻。 Present │mirth has │present │laughter Shake your │chains to │earth like │dew

3.抑抑扬格（Anapaest, anapaestic） 抑抑扬格含三个音节，即轻——轻——重。 The Assyr│ian came down │like the wolf │on the fold, And his coh│orts were glea│ming in purp│le and gold; And the sh een│of their spears│was like stars│on the sea, When the blue │waves rolls night│ly on deep │Galilee. 4.扬抑抑格（dactyl, dactylic）. 重——轻——轻 Dragging the │corn by her │golden hair. 抑抑格（pyrrhic[/peirik]和扬扬格（spondee[/sp :ndi]） 以抑扬格为主要节奏写成的，就称此诗为抑扬格诗。现代兴起的一些自由诗（Free verse），不受这些格律的限制。 三、诗行（line） 1.一诗行不一定是一个完整的句子。 英文诗每行的第一个字母都大写，但是一诗行不一定是一个完整的句子，不一定能表达一个完整的意思。有时一行诗正好是一句 （end-stopped line结句行），有时两行甚至许多行才构成一个意思完整的句子（run-on line跨行句）。 I shot an arrow into the air, It fell to earth, I knew not where; For, so swiftly it flew, the sight Could not follow it in its flight. 前两行是end-stopped line，后两行是run-on line。

英国文学诗歌鉴赏作业Format

Steps for Close Reading or Explication de texte: Patterns, polarities, problems, paradigm, puzzles, perception An explication de texte (cf. Latin explicare, to unfold, to fold out, or to make clear the meaning of) is a finely detailed, very specific examination of a short poem or short selected passage from a longer work, in order to find the focus or design of the work, either in its entirety in the case of the shorter poem or, in the case of the selected passage, the meaning of the microcosm, containing or signaling the meaning of the macrocosm (the longer work of which it is a part). Close Reading or Explication de texte operates on the premise that literature, as artifice, will be more fully understood and appreciated to the extent that the nature and interrelations of its parts are perceived, and that that understanding will take the form of insight into the theme of the work in question. This kind of work must be done before you can begin to appropriate any theoretical or specific literary approach. Textual explication Format I. 1. Brief, relevant history of poem and poet 2. [Read the poem] Re-state/parse the poem II. Form: 1. Meter, rhyme scheme, stress 2. Special characteristics if any [e.g. alliteration, personification, metaphor, etc.], and their importance to meaning. III. Content: 1. theme 2. Your individual understanding of the poem ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Sample Textual explication John Lyly (1554-1606), “Cupid and My Campaspes” Cupid and my Campaspe played At cards for kisses; Cupid paid. He stakes his quiver, bows, and arrows. His mother’s doves and team of sparrows, Loses them too; then down he throws The coral of his lips, the rose Growing on’s cheek (but none knows how), With these the crystal of his brow, And then the dimple of his chin:

英国诗歌赏析

Walter Scott Scott‘s work shows the influence of the 18th century enlightenment. Tolerance is a ma jor theme in his historical works. He was the first novelist to portray peasant character s sympathetically and realistically, and was equally just to merchants, soldiers, and ev en kings. Ivanhoe 《艾凡赫》是司各特历史小说的代表作之一。作品反映了12世纪英国"狮心王"理查时代盎格鲁·撒克逊人和征服英国的诺曼人之间的民族矛盾，以及统治阶层和劳苦人民的阶级矛盾，刻画出贵族的骄奢和人民的苦难。这部小说浪漫主义气息浓郁，富有时代气氛和地方色彩，语言古雅，人物形象丰满。 Rob Roy 《红酋罗伯》本书是司各特最优秀的历史长篇小说之一，它反映了1715年苏格兰人民起义的英雄事迹，写出了当时的民族、宗教和社会等方面的错综复杂的矛盾，以及各阶层人物的种种心理状态。 Jane Austen 简·奥斯汀，是英国著名女性小说家，她的作品主要关注乡绅家庭女性的婚姻和生活，以女性特有的细致入微的观察力和活泼风趣的文字真实地描绘了她周围世界的小天地。 奥斯汀的小说出现在19世纪初叶，一扫风行一时的假浪漫主义潮流，继承和发展了英国18世纪优秀的现实主义传统，为19世纪现实主义小说的高潮做了准备。 在英国小说的发展史上有承上启下的意义，被誉为地位“可与莎士比亚平起平坐”的作家。 文学特点 奥斯汀的作品格调轻松诙谐，富有喜剧性冲突。由于奥斯汀终其一生都生活在封建势力强大的乡村，加之家境殷实，所以生活圈子很小。这使得她的作品往往局限于普通乡绅的女儿恋爱结婚的故事当中，而她的作品也从某种程度上反映出了封建势力的观点。 通过绅士太太们的日常对话交际来反映出了当时的社会百态，用幽默的语言来讽刺了惟利是图、爱慕虚荣的现象，通过喜剧性的场面嘲讽人们的愚蠢、自私、势利和盲目自信等可鄙可笑的弱点。 Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》作品生动反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情. 奥斯汀在这部小说中通过班纳特五个女儿对待终身大事的不同处理，反映了作者本人的婚姻观：为了财产、金钱和地位而结婚是错误的；而结婚不考虑上述因素也是愚蠢的。因此，她既反对为金钱而结婚，也反对把婚姻当儿戏。她强调理想婚姻的重要性，并把男女双方感情作为缔结理想婚姻的基石。 Charles Dickens 19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家。狄更斯特别注意描写生活在英国社会底层的“小人物”的生活遭遇，深刻地反映了当时英国复杂的社会现实，为英国批判现实主义文学的开拓和发展做出了卓越的贡献。

英国诗歌

THE TRAGEDY OF HAMLET, PRINCE OF DENMARK P40 (p84) Hamlet:（soliloquy/monologue） To be, or not to be：that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them. To die：to sleep; No more；and by a sleep to say we end The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation Devoutly to be wish'd. To die，to sleep; To sleep！perchance to dream: aye, there's the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled(摆脱) off this mortal coil, Must give us pause：there's the respect That makes calamity of so long life; For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of despis'd love, the law's delay, The insolence of office and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make With a bare bodkin? Who would these fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life, But that the dread of something after death, The undiscover'd country, from whose bourn No traveller return, spuzzles the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought, And enterprises of great pith and moment With this regard their currents turn awry And lose the name of action. Soft you now! The fair Ophelia! Nymph, in thy orisons Be all my sins rememb'red. [哈姆雷特入] （朱生豪译） 哈: {自言自语} 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题： （1） 默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭， 或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难， 通过斗争把它们扫清，（1这两种行为，哪一种更高贵？）死了；睡着了； 什么都完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中， 我们心头的创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的打击，都可以从此消失， 那正是我们求之不得的结局。死了；睡着了； 睡着了也许还会做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿： 因为当我们摆脱了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后， 在那死的睡眠里，究竟将要做些什么梦， 那不能不使我们踌躇顾虑。 人们甘心久困于患难之中，也就是为了这个缘故； 谁愿意忍受人世的鞭挞和讥嘲、 压迫者的凌辱、傲慢者的冷眼、 被轻蔑的爱情的惨痛、法律的迁延、 官吏的横暴 和费尽辛勤所换来的小人的鄙视， 要是他只要用一柄小小的刀子，就可以清算他自己的一生？谁愿意负着这样的重担， 在烦劳的生命的压迫下呻吟流汗，, 倘不是因为惧怕不可知的死后，惧怕那 从来不曾有一个旅人回来过的 神秘之国，是它迷惑了我们的意志 使我们宁愿忍受目前的磨折， 不敢向我们所不知道的痛苦飞去？ 这样，重重的顾虑使我们全变成了懦夫， 决心的赤热的光彩， 被审慎的思维盖上了一层灰色， 伟大的事业 在这一种考虑之下， 也会逆流而退，失去了行动的动因。 且慢！美丽的奥菲利娅！女神，在你的祈祷之中，不要忘记替我忏悔我的罪孽。