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高考语法专题复习------主谓一致和倒装

高考语法专题复习------主谓一致和倒装

一、考点聚焦

1、语法形式上的一致

主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词也用复数形式。

The number of students in our school is 1,700.

Mary and Kelly look alike.

2、意义上一致

(1)主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数。

The crowd were runing for their lives.

单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。

(2)主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数。The news is very exciting.

形复意单的单词有new、works(工厂)、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。

3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either … or、neither… nor、not only … but also等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。

Either you or I am mad.

4、应注意的若干问题

(1)名词作主语。

①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时,如果作为一个整体看待,谓语用单数,反之用复数。

My family is going out for a trip.

The whole family are watching TV.

这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。

Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况,强调整体用单数,强调各个部分用复数。

②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待,谓语动词必须用复数。

③单、复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。

A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.

④名词所有格之后的名词被省略,这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等;作主语时,动词一般用单数。My uncle’s is not for from here.

常见的省略名词有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等。

表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待,但用作主语时,谓语动词往往用复数。如:

Richardson’s have a lot of old goods to sell.

⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时,往往可以根据意义一致的原则,把这些复数名词看作一个整体,谓语用单数。

Thirty years has passed.

Five minutes is enough to finish the task.

⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,谓语动词仍用单数形式。如:

Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.

⑦如果主语有more than one … 或many a … 构成,尽管从意义上

看是复数内容,但它的谓语动词用单数形式。

More than one student has seen the play.

Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.

但是,“more + 复数名词+ than one”结构之后,谓语用复数。

⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。

但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。

A pair of shoes was on the desk.

⑨this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书),其谓语动词;短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of

men(口语)(这一类人),但this kind ofmen的谓语用单数,men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数,all kinds of后跟复数名词,谓语用复数形式。如:

This kind of men is dangerous.

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