2011-2012学年山东新人教实验版高一上学期必修一10月份综合练习22(新人教必修一)

2011-2012学年山东新人教实验版高一上学期必修一10月份

综合练习22（新人教必修一）

一、选择题

图4为世界1月平均气温10°～22°范围示意图，图5为某地年内各月气温变化曲线与降水量柱状图。读图回答以下2题。

1．世界1月平均气温10～22℃范围在南半球大陆西岸海域明显变宽．主要原因是 A．受寒、暖流共同影响 B．受暖流影响

C．受寒流影响 D．受陆地影响

2．甲、乙、丙、丁四地中，气温和降水特征与图5所示信息相符的是

A．甲地 B．乙地 C．丙地 D．丁地

3．读地球圈层示意图，回答下列问题。

（1）在图上标出地壳、大气圈、水圈等圈层名称。

（2）地球外部圈层中，厚度最大的是___________，连续而不规则的圈层是___________，其范围渗透到其他圈层之中的是 ___________ 。

（3）大气圈包围着地球，它的主要成分是___________和____________；水圈、大气圈、生物圈层之间相互___________、相互____________，形成人类赖以生存和发展的自然环境

（4）请据图分析地壳厚度有什么特点，具体表现是什么？

4．气候因素是造成海平面上升的主要原因，为控制海平面上升发达国家应该A．减少温室气体排放 B．减缓工业化进程

C．停止使用煤炭，大量使用石油、天然气 D．援助发展中国家

5．北纬40°一开阔平地上，在楼高为Ｈ的楼房北面盖新楼与之平行，欲使新楼底层正午太阳光线全年都不被遮挡，两楼距离应不小于

A．Htg（90°—40°） B．Htg（90°—40°—23°26′）

C．Hctg（90°—40°＋23°26′） D．Hctg（90°—40°—23°26′）

洋流是海水运动的主要形式之一，对地理环境有深刻的影响。据右图，回答以下2题。

6．科隆群岛上生活着很多企鹅，该群岛的海拔高度并不高，其成因主要是( )

A.受厄尔尼诺影响

B.受拉尼娜影响

C.受寒流影响

D.受暖流影响

7．图中的洋流名称是( )

A.南赤道暖流

B.巴西暖流

C.秘鲁寒流

D.加利福尼亚寒流

8．在下图中，甲、乙分别为两个海区的海水表层等温线示意图，图中箭头表示洋流方向。

下列叙述正确的是( )

A.甲图中的洋流为暖流

B.乙图中的洋流为暖流

C.甲图中的洋流一般位于大洋西部

D.乙图中的洋流一般位于大陆西海岸9．小亚细亚半岛沿海地区处于旱季时，直布罗陀海峡表面海流 P和斯里兰卡以南表面海流Q的流向是（）

A．P从西向东，Q从东向西 B． P从西向东，Q从西向东

C．P从东向西，Q从西向东 D．P从东向西，Q从东向西

下图为“某海区因洋流影响而形成的表层海水剖面示意图”，图中曲线为18°C等温面。读图完成以下2题。

10．如果该海区在北太平洋，那么流经该海区的洋流是( ) A．日本暖流B．千岛寒流

C．阿拉斯加暖流D．加利福尼亚寒流

11．如果该海区在北大西洋，那么其沿岸地区为( ) A．热带沙漠气候B．温带大陆性气候

C．温带海洋性气候D．亚热带季风性湿润气候

12．世界各大洲的淡水储量最丰富的是

A．亚洲 B．南美洲 C．南极洲 D．非洲

读图，回答以下2题。

流量(m，／s) 降水量(mm)

13．该河流的补给主要来源于

A．降雨和少量地下水

C．地下水、融雪和降雨

14．该河所在的地区可能是

A．东北三江平原

C．新疆塔里木河流域

二、填空题

15．大约在4 000万年前，青藏高原从海底开始隆起。经过漫长的地质年代缓慢抬升，今天青藏高原平均海拔已高达4 500多米，形成独特的高原自然景观。其要素之间的关系可用下图表示。据图回答下列问题。

(1)按相关关系将下列序号填在框图中相应的位置上。

①太阳辐射强②气温低③空气稀薄

(2)组成地理环境的各地理要素具有“牵一发而动全身”的特点。在青藏高原地区，其

“牵一发”是指什么？

(3)据图简述青藏高原地理环境的演化过程。

16．读图回答问题。

（1）地球内部圈层的名称：A和B是________，A和B＋C是________，D是________，C＋D＋E是________的一部分。

（2）不连续界面：F________。

（3）地震波在经过F时速度发生什么变化?

（4）A和B为什么厚度不均?

答案

一、选择题

1．C

2．B

3．解析：第（1）题，地壳位于莫霍界面以上，结合大气圈、水圈的定义可判断三者在图中的位置；第（2）、（3）题，地球的外部圈层包括大气圈、水圈、生物圈，各圈层的特点结合教材知识回答即可；第（4）题，由于地壳是地球表面一层薄薄的、由岩石组成的坚硬外壳，故在不同地区厚度不一，大陆部分较厚，大洋部分较薄。

答案：

（1）略

（2）大气圈水圈生物圈

（3）氮氧联系制约

（4）全球的地壳厚度是不均匀的，大陆地壳较厚，平均达33千米，高原和高山地区的地壳更厚，可达60~70千米；大洋地壳较薄，平均只有7千米，各大洋的的平均厚度也不相同。

4．A

5．D

6．C

7．C

8．B

9．B

10．D

11．A

12．C，

13．A

14．B

二、填空题

15．(1)自上而下分别是：②③①。

(2)地壳隆起，海拔不断升高。

(3)随着印度洋板块北移，青藏高原地壳不断隆起，海拔不断升高(地势高)，气候逐步

寒冷、干燥，终年气温低，多冰川；土壤贫瘠，多冻土；植被为高寒草甸草原；以食草、抵御寒冷能力强的动物为主，如牦牛。

16．（1）地壳岩石圈软流层上地幔

（2）莫霍界面

（3）地震波（纵波和横波）传播速度明显加快。

（4）地壳的厚度不均，A是大陆地壳，厚度平均33千米；B是大洋地壳，厚度只有几千米。

高一上学期生物期末复习知识点

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