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汉语翻译第九讲简单句变复合句

汉语翻译第九讲

汉语翻译技巧简单句变复合句

一、练习讨论和讲评

本来，生命只有一次，对于谁都是宝贵的。但是，假使他的生命溶化在大众的事业里面，假使他天天在为这世界干事业是不死的，他会领略到“永久的年轻”的感觉。而“浮生如梦”的人，从这个世界拿去的很多，而给这世界的却很少——他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡：他连拿都没有力量了。衰老和无能的悲哀，像铅一样沉重，压在他的心头。青春是多么短啊。

One has but one life to live and, naturally, it is treasured by all. However, if one is dedicated to the cause of the people, if he does something every day for the world, he is living and, though eventually he will die, the cause he lives for—the cause of the people will never die. In other words, he will gain a sense of “eternal youth” As for the one who lives his life like a floating cloud; he takes a lot from the world but gives little in return. Sooner or later he will be approaching death with such tiredness that he will find himself deprived of the energy t o “take”. Then the grief caused by age and impotence will make him feel as if a heavy load of lead was in the

mind. How fast youth goes!

他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡。Sooner or later he will be exhausted to death. 他总有一天会觉得疲非常疲乏。然而“他总有一天会觉得疲乏得快要死亡。”的意义是：他总有一天会觉得疲乏，感到快要死亡了。Sooner or later he will be approaching death with such tiredness. Sooner or later he will be exhausted，having the sense that he will be approaching death.

1. He was thirsty to death. He was extremely thirsty.

2. He was stabbed to death. He died because he was stabbed. He was beaten to death.

二、简单句变复合句

有时为了使英语句子的连贯性更强, 表达也更为贴切、自然、优美，我们将两个或者多个简单汉语句翻译成一个英语句子。英语句子之间加上and, but, or(或者, 否则), for (因为), while(而, 却), when(就在这个时候), not only ...but also等并列连词, 使其成为并列复合句。如：

(1)我们户外活动需要三个小时，大概11点回来，校门一带关了。

⑴Our outdoor activity will last three hours. We’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.The school gate must be closed. →Our outdoor activity will last

three hours and the school gate must be closedwhen we’ll be back at about 11 o’clock.

⑵飞机七点起飞，赶快，要不赶不上飞机了。

⑵The plane takes off at seven.You must hurry. You’ll miss the plane. →You must hurry or you’ll miss the plane which takes off at seven.

⑶蜜糖甜蜜蜜，蜜蜂很刺人。

⑶Honey is sweet. The bee stings. →Honey is sweet but the bee stings.

在两个或者多个简单句之间加上when, after, as, because, where, which, who等从属连词, 可以使简单句变成复合句。如：

（4）英语俱乐部可以组织各种活动，我们在活动中不但可以练习英语还可以学习更多英语。

（4）We will organize all kinds of activities in our English club. We can not only practise but also learn more English in the activities.(改为含定语从句的复合句) →We will organize all kin ds of activities in our English club in which we can not only practise but also learn more English.

（5）没有赶上头班车，他上学迟到了。

（5）He missed the first bus. He came to school late.(改为含状语从句的复合句)

→Because he missed the first bus, he came to school late. →He missed the first bus, so he came to school late.

即时练习将下列各组句子合并成并列复合句或主从复合句。（6），

19世纪末，有一个闻名遐迩的侦探，名叫Sherlock Holmes，家住伦敦。

⑴There was once a famous detective. ⑵He was named Sherlock Holmes. ⑶He lived in London. ⑷The time was at the end of the nineteenth century.

---------There was once a famous detective named Sherlock who lived in London at the end of the nineteenth century.

（7）. 根据调查，79.3％的居民反映说，他们的主要目的是帮助父母亲生活得更好，67.7％说，他们努力工作是为了改变自己的命运。（7）⑴79.3％of the surveyed citizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life. ⑵67.7％claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate.

--------- 79.3％of the surveyed netizens say that their main motivation is to help their parents to live a better life while 67.7％claim that they work hard in order to change their own fate.

（8）知识就是力量，我们是大学生，必须努力学习。

Knowledge is power.We are college students. We must study hard.

------- We, who are college student, must study hard because knowledge is power.

（9.）写作方法各种各样，同学们可以用这一种方法提供写作努力，增加自信力。

⑴There are ways and ways to improve writing ability(2

)Students can improve their writing ability in this way.(3) They can strengthen their self-confidence.

--------.Though There are ways and ways to improve writing ability , students can improve their writing ability in this way to increase their self-confidence.

(10)这是上海最雄伟的大楼，许多外国专家在此住居。

1.This is the most magnificent building in Shanghai. 2Many foreign

experts live in the building.

------ In Shanghai, this is the most magnificent building in which many foreign experts live.

三、练习

婚姻关系中人们争论最多的问题——如钱怎样花——通常并非真正的问题。关键的问题是：谁掌握控制权？年轻的时候，我对控制权的需要是源于害怕、缺乏信任和没有安全感。最后我终于意识到我不需要控制妻子——实际上也不应该控制她，而且不可能控制她，如果我试图控制她，就会毁了我们的婚姻。

人们经常把放弃控制权与软弱混为一谈。但家庭争论中的胜利者从来都不是真正的胜利者。在你赢得争论而你的伴侣屈服时，你已经输了。这听起来似乎相矛盾，却千真万确。

简单句与复合句转换

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简单句-并列句和复合句用法及习题

: 七年级上册： Unit 1—Unit 9:侧重于陈述句和疑问句。七年级下册： Unit 4:祈使句 Don't eat in the classroom. Unit 8：倒装句 There is a zoo in my neighborhood. Unit 2,Unit 3,Unit 5,Unit 9,Unit 11,Unit 12:特殊疑问句。 | 八年级上册： Unit 7:There will be more people. There will be more pollution. Unit 8:First,peel the bananas. Next, put the bananas in the blender. Then, pour the milk into the blender. Finally, turn on the blender. 八年级下册： Unit 3:For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 九年级： Unit 2 :What fun the Water Festival is! How fantastic the dragon boat teams were! " 一、陈述句和疑问句 1.陈述句用来陈述一个事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫“陈述句”，句末用句号表示句子的陈述结束。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。 (1)肯定句的基本结构：“主语+谓语+宾语”。例如：I play basketball after school. (2)否定句又分为完全否定和部分否定。

复合句翻译

2.广告在美国商业中起着重要的作用，而且它对国家的经济有着极大的影响。 3. 许多广告确实提供了有关产品的重要信息，然而，其中一些却是误导人的和带有欺骗性的广告。 4. 看电视是一种便宜的娱乐形式，此外，它还是学习英语的好途径。 5. 我个人认为吸烟对我们的健康产生有害的影响。 6. 普遍认为环境对人的性格有深远的影响。 7. 动物权益保护者声称动物实验很残忍、不人道和没必要。 8. 关于政府该不该资助艺术家和音乐家引发了一场激烈的争论。 9. 关于大城市该不该禁养宠物引发了一场激烈的讨论。 10. 国际旅游业是增进不同民族的相互了解还是激化国家之间的紧张关系是个非常具有争议性的话题。 11.人们是否应该在某个年龄被强制退休成了一个公众话题。 12. 我们很难想象垃圾将对我们的生活造成什么样的影响。 13. 如何过上和睦的家庭生活近来成了一个热门话题。 14. 现在高科技带给我们更多有趣的事情，它们可以很容易吸引人们的注意，例如看电视，上网或玩游戏。 15. 母亲们可以集中精力于她们的工作，发展她们的事业，这对社会发展也是有利的。 16. 广告上出现的具有欺骗性、误导性的内容受到猛烈批评。 17. 这就是为什么许多美国人反对死刑的原因。 18. 任何人都有不得不撒谎的时候。

英语翻译语序调整小窍门概要

英语翻译语序调整小窍门英译汉的翻译方法和技巧是建立在英汉两种语言的对比之上的。这两种语言在词汇和句法方面的一些表达手段上各有其特点。语序调整主要指词序、句序两方面的调整。首先我们谈谈词序的调整。英汉语句中的主要成分主语、谓语、宾语或表语的词序基本上是一致的,但各种定语的位置和各种状语的次序在英、汉语言中则有同有异。汉语说“他正在卧室里睡觉”,而在英语中却说He is sleeping in the bedroom.(他睡觉在卧室。;英语汉语都说“他出生于北京”,"He was born in Beij ing"。一、定语位置的调整 1. 单词作定语。英语中,单词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词前,汉语中也大体如此。有时英语中有后置的,译成汉语时一般都前置。 something important(后置重要的事情(前置如果英语中名词前的定语过多,译文中则不宜完全前置,因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语。 a little,yellow,ragged beggar(前置一个要饭的,身材矮小,面黄肌瘦,衣衫褴褛。(后置 2. 短语作定语。英语中,修饰名词的短语一般放在名词之后,而汉语则反之,但间或也有放在后面的,视汉语习惯而定。 their attempt to cross the river(后置他们渡江的企图(前置

the decimal system of counting(后置十进制计算法(后置二、状语位置的调整 1. 单词作状语。英语中单词作状语修饰形容词或其他状语时,通常放在它所修饰的形容词或状语的前面,这一点与汉语相同。 He was very active in class.(前置他在班上很活跃。(前置英语中单词作状语修饰动词时,一般放在动词之后,而在汉语里则放在动词之前。 Modern science and technology are developing rapidly.(后置现代科学技术正在迅速发展。(前置英语中表示程度的状语在修饰状语时可前置也可后置,而在汉语中一般都前置。 He is running fast enough.(后置他跑得够快的了。(前置 2.短语作状语。英语中短语状语可放在被修饰的动词之前或之后,译成汉语时则大多数放在被修饰的动词之前,但也有放在后面的。Seeing this,some of us became very worried.(前置看到这种情况,我们有些人心里很着急。(前置 A jeep full sped fast,drenching me in spray.(后置一辆坐满人的吉普车急驶而过,溅了我一身水。(后置

简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换

简单句、并列句与复合句之间的转换审稿：白雪雁责编：张敏句型转换是句子类别的转换，其目的在于检测学生运用各种句型的表达能力，才能在考试的评分中得到较高档次的分数。这就要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚，懂得各种句型如何转换，运用准确，这有利于提高英语口语和书面表达能力。简单句与复合句之间的互变很多复合句和简单句可以互变，意思上不发生太大的变化。在很多情况下，是将复合句里的从句变为一个短语。不论是主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句还是状语从句，在一定的情况下都可以这样转换。主语从句有时可以和短语互换，它既可以是不定式短语也可以是动名词短语。 (1) When and where we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed． →When and where to hold the meeting is still to be discussed． (2) It worried her a great deal that her son would stay up so late． →Her son’s staying up so late worried her a great deal． (3) What we had to do was to stand there，trying to catch the offender． →We had to stand there to catch the offender．表语从句有时可以和短语互换，与它互换的可以是不定式短语和动名词短语。 My idea is that we should do it right now． →My idea is to do it fight now．在某些动词的后面宾语从句可以和一个动名词短语或不定式短语互换． (1) I regret that I had told you the secret． →I regret telling you the secret． (3) They don’t know whether they shall carry out the old plan or not． →They don’t know whether to carry out the old plan or not．个别的同位语从句也可以和一个短语互换。 The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging． →The news of our being invited to the conference is very encouraging 有些定语从句可以和一个不定式短语，分词短语或介词短语互换。 (1) Can those who are seated at the back of the classroom hear me? →Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me? (2) What are the most important measures we should take? →What are the important measures to be taken? (3) The young man who was in the possession of the firm was at a desk． →The young man in the possession of the firm was at a desk．状语从句和短语互换的情形很多，常用分词短语来替代状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件。用不定式短语来替代状语从句，表示目的、结果、原因；另外介词短语可以和表示时间、原因、条件、让步等状语从句互换。

简单句和复合句练习题

简单句和复合句练习题 1.（NMET2004）The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 2.（NMET2004）Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter. A. because B. so that C. even if D. as 3.(2004辽宁)The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _____are sold abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that 4.(NMET2003)A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 5._____this company has done seems to be in agreement with what the government has called for. A. That B. How C. Whether D. What 6.Fortunitely we had a map, without ______we would have got lost. A. which B. it C. that D. what 7.The Great Wall is the last place ______Mr smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. A. where B. which C. / D. what 8.I shall never forget those years ______I lived in the country with the farmers, ______ has a great effect on my life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who 9.I don’t like the way ______ you speak to her. A. / B. in that C. which D. of which 10.She spent the whole evening talking about the things and the persons ______ none of us has ever heard of . A. which B. who C. whom D. that 11.I have bought such a watch ________ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 12.Free film tickets will be sent to ______ are interested in the film. A. whomever B. whoever C. whatever D. whichever 13.The demand ______ the workers ask for higher wages seemed reasonable. A. what B. that C. which D. when 14.We won’t give up _______ we should fail ten times. A. even if B. since C. whether D. until 15.I remember _________ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 16.—Do you remember ______ he came.? ---Yes, I do. He came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 17.__________ she knows a lot of things. A. A child she is B. As she is a child C. Child as she is D. Child as is she 18.You can go out _______ you promise to be back before 12o’clock. A. so that B. as far as C. as long as D. in case 19.---Do the factory leaders meet every Monday morning? ----Yes, ______ there is nothing important to deal with.