(完整版)00795自考综合英语二语法知识点.docx

系动词

系动词，亦称连系动词（ Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。英语除动词 be 之外，还有一些动词也可以做系动词，如表示状态或情

况的： keep, look, feel, appear, lie, remain, seem, stay, smell, sound, taste 等；以及

表示变化的： get, grow, turn, fall, run, become, go, 等。

1.to be 可以加在 seem, prove, remain, appear 等系动词和其后的名词或形容词

之间，但也可以省略。

E.g. The task proved (to be) impossible.

E.g. They seem (to be) such friendly people, but they never replied to

our invitation.

注意：在 seem, appear等词后，可加其他非to be 不定式，但这时他们不是

系动词，而是不及物动词。

Courtesy, politeness, good manner? Call it what you will, the supply

never seems to equal the demand.

非人称代词it

做句子的形式主语

1. 代表不定式

E.g. It is absurd to be afraid under such circumstances.

2. 代表动名词

E.g. It is terrible trying to keep up with the Jones.

3.代表 that 引导的从句

E.g. It is plain to everyone that she was offended.

4.代表 wh- 引导的从句

E.g. As long as he finishes his work, it doesn ’t matter when he comes

to the office.

做句子的形式宾语

1.代表不定式

E.g. They found it difficult to get along with him.

2.代表从句

E.g. I think it best that you (should) stay with me.

E.g. He soon made it clear why he had asked a conference.

用来改变句子结构，使句子某一成分得到强调

1.强调主语

E.g. It was she who put forward the suggestion.

2.强调宾语

E.g. it is that painting that he has sold at a good profit.

3.强调状语

E.g. it was through me that he has got the present job.

强调

用so 表示强调

用so 强调听者同意说者所言，这种用法只将so 提到句首，其他成分位置不变。E.g. –you have spilled coffee on your dress.

- So I have.

情态动词 + 完成式

could+have+过去分词

有时表示过去的时间，说明某事可能已发生，有时也表示与事实相反，表示

本来有能力做某事，但却未做。

E.g. What happened in the airport could have been true.

might/may+have+过去分词

表示对已经发生的情况进行揣测，但语气相当不肯定，表示近乎未实现的行为.

E.g. You might have done the work better.

must+have+过去分词

是对发生在过去的一种行为的推测，表示过去必定发生过的事情，语气相当肯定，表示“肯定，一定”。

E.g. It must have rained last night. The ground is wet.

should/ought to +have+过去分词

表示该做而未做到的事，表示“本应”。

E.g. They should have made a good job of it.

should not/oughtn’t to+have+过去分词

表示做了不该做的事，表示“本不应该”。

E.g. You should not have done such things.

can ’t（couldn’t）+have+过去分词

表示对过去的动作进行否定性推测。意为“肯定没有，肯定不是”。

E.g. The poem can ’t have been written by the little girl; she is only four.

would+have+过去分词

经常用于虚拟条件句中，表示与过去事实相反的猜测。

E.g. If she had known about it, she would have talked about it.

needn ’t+have +过去分词

表示不必做的事情却做了，可译为“原本不必”“其实不必”。

E.g. You needn ’t have done all these calculations. We have a

computer to deal with that sort of thing.

主谓一致

知识点一many a, more than one+ 单数名词，谓语仍然用单数。

E.g. Many a soldier has sacrificed his life for the revolution.

知识点二either of+ 复数名词，谓语动词用单数．

E.g. Has either of your parents visited you?

知识点三and; both and

连接两个单数形式的名词词组，谓语动词用复数．当主语在意义上指同一人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语用单数．

E.g. A boy and a girl want to go.

知识点四each and each; every and every等结构后，谓语用单数．

E.g. Each man and (each) woman is asked to help.

知识点五主语后面有 as well as; together with; along with; rather than 等词组，谓语的单复数有主语来决定．

E.g. I, together with my mother, was reading at ten yesterday.

one of ＋复数名词＋关系分句结构

如先行词为复数名词，谓语则为复数．当前面有 the only/very 等限定词修饰，谓语用单数．

E.g. Joan is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful.

靠近原则：

由 not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor或or连接的并列主语。

通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词的单复数形式由最接近它的名词词组的单复

数形式决定。

E.g. He or you have taken my pen.

由“a number of, a total of + 复数名词”作主语谓语动词用复数形式；由“the number of, the total of+ 复数名词”，谓语动词用单数形式。 E.g. A number

of students are waiting for the bus.

倒装句

有 neither,nor, no more的句子倒装

代 neither, nor, no more 用于后面分句句首，且前面分句必是否定句，

后面分句不用倒装构，而且（包括助）必和前句一致。 so 被用作句首的分句前面必是肯定句。

E.g. She never laughed, nor did she ever lose her temper.

知点二虚构中的条件从句省去if ，were, had和should要移至主之前。

E.g. Had I known it, I should have told him.

句首否定和有否定意的或短作状或，常用部分倒装。

常用于一构的有：little, nowhere, rarely, scarcely, seldom,few, hardly, never, under no circumstances, on no account, in no way, at no point, at no time, in no sense, at no/other time, by no means,

barely/hardly/scarcely ? when, not until much/even/still less, no longer, not a single word, not often,等。

only的句子的倒装

only位于句子开，如果修介短或状从句，那么句子倒装。

E.g. Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able make himself heard.

Only 引的从句位于句首 , 主倒装 .

E.g. Only when she came home did he learn the news.

so /such ? that 构中的 so 放在句首，需要倒装。

E.g.So absurd did he look that everyone stared at him. .

E.g.Such a good student was she that all the teachers liked her.

在 as 引的步状从句中形容、名或副常移至从句之首，起作用。

E.g. Tired as he was,we decided not to disturb him.

E.g. Child as the little girl is, she knows several foreign languages.

句首 many a time,to such an extent,to such a degree,to such a point等状，句子需要部分倒装。

E.g. To such a degree was he excited that he couldn’t go to sleep that night.

在某些表示祝愿的句子中使用倒装。

E.g. May you live a long and happy life!

介放在句首．

E.g. In front of the house stands a tree.

强调句型

句： It is/was+ 被部分＋ who/whom/that

被的主是人称代，既可用主格，也可用格．

知点四句 it 和先行 it 的区

如果把 it is (was)that 去掉，剩下的仍能成完整的句子，就是句．

E.g. It is clear that not all the students like English.

E.g. It was this place that I met Tom.not until

句型的

E.g. It was not until 10o’ clockthat he went to bed.

E.g. Not until he finished the homework did he watch TV.

非谓语动词

分

分的位置：

个分作定一般放在所修的名前；也可放在名后，其作用是分的作性，但一般

限于去分。

E.g. the aspects concerned,

E.g. the authority involved

分的特殊形式

1.分的复合构，即分的独立构。当分的主与句子的主不一致

，分必上自己的主，称独立构，可以表示原因，，伴随等。

1)n. + 分短

E.g. (time) The dark clouds having dispersed,the sun shone again.

E.g. (reason)The monitor being ill,we’d better wait for her.

2.With+n.+分短 /adj./adv/prep?

E.g. With Mr. Li taking the lead,the group accused its company of delaying their salary.

E.g. With the most pop television network in his hand, the man have his products advertised at the golden time for an hour.

不定式

1.with/without+分主＋分

1)不定式常在下面后面作： afford, agree, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, care, choose, claim, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, pretend, promise, refuse, learn, tend, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, etc.

2) + it （形式） + 形容 ( 足 )+ 不定式（真正），适用于此构的： believe, consider, feel, find, realize, see, suppose, think, understand etc.

E.g. We found it impossible to get everything ready in time.

2.“ Wh- word +不定式”构

advise, decide, discuss, find out, know, learn, see, teach, tell, show

understand, wonder 等

E.g. He does not know when to start.

3.不定式作足

1)ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, command, direct, enable, encourage, expect, feel, force, have, hear, invite, lead, let, make, notice, order,

permit, persuade, tell, urge, watch, see, require etc.

2) 下列后面的不定式不to： would rather?than?(宁愿?也不)，had better，can’t help but?(不得不), may/might as well ? (不妨 )

必注意的是：接不to 的不定式作的改成被形式必加to 。

E.g. He has seen nine presidents come and go.

E.g. Nine presidents have been seen to come and go (by him).

4.不定式的

1)完成式 : 不定式的作在表示的作之前完成 ,或想像中去的作或事情 ,

但并没有生。

E.g. This book is said to have been translated into dozens of languages in the last decade.

2)行式： E.g. The children appear to be enjoying themselves at the party.

注意不定式的主of sb./for sb.

E.g. It is quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.

E.g. It is very kind of you to tell me the truth.

动名词

知点一接名作的

admit, avoid, delay, deny, enjoy, escape, finish, appreciate, consider, mind, risk, practise, dislike, resent( 怨恨 ), advise, pardon, require, quit (戒除 ), suggest

知点二有些后既可以跟名，也可以跟不定式

like, love, start, continue, attempt, propose, forget, recall, endure, permit, deserve, regret, omit (疏忽，省略 )etc.

知点三to 作介的短

be used to, be accustomed to, be opposed to 反 , be addicted to 沉溺于 , be devoted to 心于 , look forward to, object to, see to ，留意

need, require, want, deserve 后面跟名的主形式表示被意。

E.g. All the cars in the yard need repairing.

1.plan, like, love, hate 后名表示抽象行和一般作，不定式表示具体

的、特定的作。

E.g. He likes dancing but he doesn ’t like to dance with strangers.

知点五名的主

1.名的主可以是形容性物主代或格，在句中两者均可使用，在

句首要用形容性物主代。

E.g. Their/Mary’s coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

2.名的主可以是形容性物主代或格，在句中两者均可使用，在句首要用形容性物主代。

E.g. Their/Mary’s coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

虚拟语气

知点一wish引的从

构

在的情况去式

去的情况had+ 去分 /could have

done

将来的情况would/could+ 原形

E.g. He wishes that he had studied hard in university.

知点二would rather that

构

在 ,将来的情况的情去式

况

去的情况had+ 去分

E.g. I would rather that you didn ’t tell me the answer now.

E.g. I would rather that you didn ’t go there tomorrow.

It ’s(about/almost/high)time that?

从句用一般去式

E.g. It ’s time that you went to bed. E.g. It ’s time that class began.

if 条件句

可以省略 if, 助 were, had, should要前置，形成倒装序。

Eg. Had her father a lot of money, he would send her abroad.

Eg. Were it rainy, we would buy an umbrella.

“ Were it not for/Had it not been for+ 宾语”表示假设条件。

E.g. Were it not for their assistance, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. E.g. Had it not been for your help, we wouldn ’t have been able to pass the exam.

as if (as though)引导的比较状语从句中谓语动词一般用were/ had+过去分词表虚拟。

E.g. He speaks English so well as if he were English.

E.g. She looked as if she had succeeded.

常见的引导宾语从句须用虚拟语气的动词

advise, desire, maintain, command, demand, direct （命令） , insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, resolve, suggest, urge ，recommend 等

常见的引导同位语从句或表语从句须用虚拟语气的名词

advice, command, desire, order, demand, recommendation,suggestion, insistence, proposal, request, requirement 等；

用在主语从句中时其结构通常为“It is/was+形容词或过去分词+ 主语从句（用虚拟语气）”

advisable, necessary,urgent, essential, important,natural,

appropriate, compulsory,crucial ， desirable, proper preferable, strange, vital,demanded,

required, suggested, desired 等。

独立主格

独立主格可以分为四类：不定式独立结构、现在分词独立结构、过去分词独立结构、无动词独立结构

不定式独立主格：名词词组+ 不定式结构

E.g. His mother to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.

他母亲今晚要来 ,他正在忙着准备饭菜。

E.g. They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.

他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。

现在分词独立主格 :( 介词 + ）名词词组 + 现在分词

E.g. Without anyone noticing, I slipped through the window.

趁着没人注意，我悄悄的顺着窗户溜出去

过去分词独立主格：（介词 + ）名词词组 + 过去分词结构 E.g.

I wouldn ’t dare go home without the job finished.

工作没完成，我不敢回家。

无动词独立主格：（介词 + ）名词词组 + （介词词组） + （形容词词组或副词词

组或名词词组）

E.g. The summer holidays over, we went back to work.

假期结束，我们回去工作。

E.g. Two thousand people died in the earthquake, many of them children. 地震中两千人丧生，其中许多都是孩子

情态动词的区分

Need

Need 做情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，表示“没有必要.... 或”有必要... 吗？“

E.g. You needn ’t come all the way just to see the film.

E.g. Need we accompany our aging parents wherever they go?

(1)needn ’t have + 动词过去分词“本不需要 ... （”虽然不需要，但实际上已经做了）

E.g. You needn ’t have paid the admission fee, for the lecture was free for members of the club.

你本不需要付入场费的，这次演讲是免费的。

Dare

Dare daren 做情态动词主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句，其否定式是dare not 或’过t,去式为 dared ，过去否定式为dared not. Dare not和dared not为

正式语言，daren’t普遍使用。

E.g. She daren ’t ask her boss for leave as he seems to be in a bad

mood.

她不敢跟老板请假，因为老板似乎情绪不好。

在肯定陈述句中， dare 只有 i dare say/daresay 这一固定搭配，用于口语，表示

“我想”，“我敢说”。

注意： dare 做实意动词时，常用于肯定句中。

E.g. He dared to behave like that in my house.

Used to

Used to 表示过去经常的活动或方式、习惯。“过去常常....”

E.g . She used to dislike speaking in public, but now she quite enjoys it.

其否定式为 used not to/usedn ’ t/didnuse to’t.但 used not 最普通。 E.g.

She used not get up early on Sundays but now, since she has changed her

job, she has to.

注意： used to 与 be/get used to 的区别。 be/get used to 表示“习惯于 ....

”

E.g. When you are in London, you must get used to driving on the left.

在伦敦你要习惯在左侧驾驶。

自考英语二单词(整理版)

a great many 很多 abolish vt.废除(法律，习惯等)；取消 above all 首先，首要 abroad ad.到国外；在国外 abuse vt./n.滥用，妄用；虐待，凌辱 academic a.学院的，学会的；学术的 accessible a.易接近的；易受影响的(to)；可理解的accompany vt.伴随，陪同；为…伴奏accomplish vt.完成(任务等) accountability n.有解释义务；负有责任achievement n.完成，达到；成就，成绩acknowledge vt.承认；表示感谢 acquire vt.获得，得到 acronym n.首字母缩略词 activate vt.使活动，使起作用 actor n.男演员 additional a.附加的，追加的；另外的 adjust vt.调整，调节；校准 adjustment n.调整 administration n.管理，经营；行政，行政机关advantageous a.有利的，有助的 adversely ad.相反地；不利地，有害地 afflict vt.使苦恼，折磨 aged a.年老的，老的 Alabama 阿拉巴马(美国州名) alarm n.警报；惊恐 vt.向…报警；打扰 Albert Einstein 爱因斯坦(美籍德国理论物理学家) Alex la Guma 亚力克斯?拉顾玛(南非作家) Alfrde Hutchinson 阿尔弗雷德?哈奇逊(南非作家) Alfred Whitehead 阿尔福雷德?怀特里德 allege vt.断言，宣称 alter vt./vi.改变，改动 Alvin Bronstein 阿尔文?布朗斯坦(人名) amplifier n.放大器 amusement n.娱乐，消遣 anaesthetics n.麻醉学 analyze vt.分析 and the like 等等，诸如此类 Andre Brink 安德烈?布林克(南非作家) Andrew Ferguson 安德鲁?福格森(人名) antithesis n.对偶，(修辞学)对句；对立，对立面apartheid n.种族隔离，种族隔离法 appliance n.应用，适用；用具，器械 applicant n.申请人，请求者 appoint vt.任命，委任(as)；约定，指定appointment n.任命；约会 appreciate vt.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价，鉴别；感激appreciation n.欣赏，鉴赏；正确评价；感激，感谢appropriate a.适合的，恰当的，相宜的approximate a.近似的，大约的 v.近似，接近；使接近aptly ad.恰当地，贴切地；灵巧地 argue vt./vi.争辨，争论，辩论；说服 argument n.争论，辩论；论据，理由aristocracy n.贵族统治；贵族 aristocratic a.贵族的；贵族式的 Aristotle 亚里士多德 Arkansas 阿肯色(美国州名) arthquake n.地震 as a rule 通常；一般说来 as for 对于，至于 as fresh as paint 精神饱满 assault n.攻击，袭击；(军)冲击，突击，强击assemble vt.集合；装配 vi.集合 assembly n.集合；集会，与会者；装配，组装assignment n.分配，委派；任务，(课外)作业assumption n.假定，设想；承担，采取 astronaut n.宇航员 astronomer n.天文学家 Aswan Dam 阿斯旺水坝 at a disadvantage 处于不利地位 at a guess 凭猜测 at a stretch 连续不断地 at ease 自在的，舒适的 at present 现在；目前 at sea 在海上，在航海中；迷惑，茫然 attach vt.固定住，系；附加，隶属；使喜爱attacker n.攻击者 attain vt.达到；完成 attainment n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣attendant n.侍者，服务员；出席者

2010年4月自考英语二真题及答案

全国2010年4月自学考试综合英语（二）试题 课程代码：00795 请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 I. GRAMMARAND VOCABULARY Complete each of the following 15 sentences with the most likely answer. Write the letter corresponding to your choice on the answer sheet. (1 point each, 15 points in all) 1. I was shocked by the number of people who seemed to have nothing better to do with their time than ______ to know fish better. A. get B. gets C. getting D. got 2. Not all birds can fly , ______ do all birds build nests. A. not B. no C. never D. nor 3. Whe n you fall in love for the first time, it’s surprising ______ inconveniences you can put up with. A. that B. what C. which D. those 4. I know my limitations, so I won’t do anything ______ my ability. A. beyond B. under C. above D. below 5. The hosts apologized for ______ that some of their guests might be vegetarians. A. having not considered B. not having considered C. having not been considering D. not considering 6. Mrs. Smith locked both the front and the back doors before she went to bed ______ that someone might steal into the house at night. A. so B. for fear C. unless D. on condition 1 全国2010年4月自学考试综合英语（二）试题

自考 综合英语二 历年考试 真题 2007-10

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III. 部分练习讲解 P128 Bridging the Gap Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given. 解题方法：把词分类 动词名词形容词副词介词连词 fear fear unavoidable wisely without so that reach success under as long as reach between Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes. They 1 fearthat they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear that they will lose their money and belongings or be 2 undera lot of stress. But risks are 3 unavoidableand they do pave the way you must tread（踩，踏）upon towards 4 succcess. Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success 5 withoutmaking any mistakes before?

So it is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to 6 reachyour dreams is considered a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By making mistakes at least you then can distinguish 7 betweenthe correct and the incorrect portions of what you did. Anthony D'Angelo said: "In order to succeed you must fail, 8 so thatyou know what to do the next time", and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits（精神抖擞，情绪高昂）." You needn't worry about anything 9 as long asyou keep on going by 10 wiselylearning from your mistakes and trying even harder.

00795自考综合英语二语法知识点

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自考综合英语二真题附答案

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