高级英语上册课文5(知识点+课后练习答案)

Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.

Winston S .Churchill

When I awoke on the morning of Sun

day, the 22nd, the news was brought to me

of Hitler's invasion of Russia. This changed

conviction into certainty. I had not the sligh

test doubt where our duty and our policy lay.

Nor indeed what to say. There only remain

ed the task of composing it. I asked that noti

ce should immediately be given that I would

broad-cast at 9 o' clock that night. Presently

General Dill, who had hastened down from

London, came into my bedroom with detaile

d news. Th

e Germans had invaded Russia on an enormous front, ha d surprised a large portion o

f the Soviet Air Force grounded on the air fields, and seemed to be drivin

g forward wit

h great rapidity and violen ce. The Chief of the Imperial General Staff added, "I suppose they wil l be rounded up in hordes ."

I spent the day composing my statement. There was not time to cons ult the War Cabinet, nor was it necessary. I knew that we all felt the s ame on this issue. Mr. Eden, Lord Beaverbrook, and Sir Stafford Crip ps – he had left Moscow on the 10th – were also with me during the d ay.

The following account of this Sunday at Chequers by my Private Secr etary, Mr. Colville, who was on duty this weekend, may be of interest: "On Saturday, June 21, I went down to Chequers just before dinner. Mr. and Mrs. Winant, Mr. and Mrs. Eden, and Edward Bridges were s taying. During dinner Mr. Churchill said that a German attack on Rus sia was now certain, and he thought that Hitler was counting on enli sting capitalist and Right Wing sympathies in this country and the U. S. A. Hitler was, however, wrong and we should go all out to help Ru ssia. Winant said the same would be true of the U. S. A.

After dinner, when I was walking on the croquet lawn with Mr. Church ill, he reverted to this theme, and I asked whether for him, the arch an ti-Communist, this was not bowing down in the House of Rimmon. Mr . Churchill replied, "Not at all. I have only one purpose, the destructio n of Hitler, and my life is much simplified thereby. It Hitler invaded H ell I would make at least a favourable reference to the Devil in the H ouse of Commons. '

I was awoken at 4 a. m. the following morning by a telephone messa ge from the F. O. to the effect that Germany had attacked Russia. Th e P. M. had always said that he was never to be woken up for anythin g but Invasion (of England). I therefore postponed telling him till 8 am . His only comment was, 'Tell the B.B.C. I will broadcast at 9 to – nigh t. 'He began to prepare the speech at 11a. m., and except for lunche on

（= lunch）, at which Sir Stafford Cripps, Lord Cranborne, and Lord Beaverbrook were present, he devoted the whole day to it… The spe ech was only ready at twenty minutes to nine."

In this broadcast I said:

"The Nazi regime is indistinguishable from the worst features of Co mmunism. It is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination. It excels all forms of human wickedness in the effi ciency of its cruelty and ferocious aggression. No one has been a m ore consistent consistent opponent of Communism than I have for th e last twenty - five years. I will unsay no word that I have spoken abo ut it. But all this fades away before the spectacle which is now unfoldi ng. The past, with its crimes, its follies, and its tragedies, flashes awa y. I see the Russian soldiers standing on the threshold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time im memorial . I see them guarding their homes where mothers and wive s pray - ah, yes, for there are times when all pray – for the safety of t heir loved ones, the return of the bread-winner, of their champion, of t heir protector. I see the ten thousand villages of Russia where the me ans of existence is wrung so hardly from the soil, but where there ar e still primordial human joys, where maidens laugh and children play.

I see advancing upon all this in hideous onslaught the Nazi war ma chine, with its clanking , heel-clicking,dandified Prussian officers, it s crafty expert agents fresh from the cowing and tying down of a d ozen countries. I see also the dull, drilled, docile , brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. I see

the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from man y a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier a nd a safer prey.

"Behind all this glare, behind all this storm, I see that small group of v illainous men who plan, organise, and launch this cataract of horror s upon mankind...

"I have to declare the decision of His Majesty's Government - and I fe el sure it is a decision in which the great Dominions will in due conc ur – for we must speak out now at once, without a day's delay. I have to make the declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable purpose. We are re solved to destroy Hitler and every vestige of the Nazi regime. From t his nothing will turn us – nothing. We will never parley; we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, w e shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God's help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples fr om his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will ha ve our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe... Tha t is our policy and that is our declaration. It follows therefore that we s hall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people. W e shall appeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it, as we shall faithfully and stead fastly to the end....

"This is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, cr eed, or party. It is not for me to speak of the action of the United Stat

es, but this I will say：

if Hitler imagines that his attack on Soviet Russia will cause the slight est divergence of aims or slackening of effort in the great democrac ies who are resolved upon his doom, he is woefully mistaken. On th e contrary, we shall be fortified and encouraged in our efforts to rescu e mankind from his tyranny. We shall be strengthened and not weak ened in determination and in resources.

"This is no time to moralise on the follies of countries and Governmen ts which have allowed themselves to be struck down one by one, wh

en by united action they could have saved themselves and saved the world from this tyranny. But when I spoke a few minutes ago of Hitle r's blood-lust and the hateful appetites which have impelled or lure d him on his Russian adventure I said there was one deeper motive b ehind his outrage. He wishes to destroy the Russian power because he hopes that if he succeeds in this he will be able to bring back the main strength of his Army and Air Force from the East and hurl it upo n this Island, which he knows he must conquer or suffer the penalty of his crimes. His invasion of Russia is no more than a penalty to an attempted invasion of the British Isles. He hopes, no doubt, that all thi s may be accomplished before the winter comes, and that he can ove rwhelm Great Britain before the Fleet and air-power of the United Sta tes may intervene. He hopes that he may once again repeat, upon a greater scale than ever before, that process of destroying his enemie s one by one by which he has so long thrived and prospered, and tha t then the scene will be clear for the final act, without which all his con quests would be in vain – namely, the subjugation P of the Western Hemisphere to his will and to his system.

"The Russian danger is therefore our danger, and the danger of the United States, just as the cause of any Russian fighting for his heart h ）

and home is the cause of free men and free peoples in every quarter of the globe. Let us learn the lessons already taught by such cruel ex perience. Let us redouble our exertions, and strike with united strengt h while life and power remain. "

(from an American radio program presented by Ed Kay) NOTES

1) Sir Winston Spencer Churchill (1874 - 1965): Prime Ministe r, First Lord of the Treasury, and Minister of Defense (1940 – 45), led Britain from near defeat to victory in World War II; Leader of the Opposition (1945 –51); Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury (Oct. 1951 – April 1955); retired 1955; his best known book, The Second World War.

2) General Dill: Sir John Green Dill (1881- 1944), British fi eld marshal, Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1940 - 41), a member of the joint Anglo-American board of strategy (1941 - 44)

3) Eden: Robert Anthony Eden, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1935– 38, 1940 – 45), for Dominion Affairs (1939 – 40), and for War (1940). From 1942 to 1945 he was leader o

f the House of Commons. He was Prime Minister from 1955 to 19

57.

4) Lord Beaverbrook: In World War II, he was Minister of Airc raft Production (1940 - 41), of State (1941), and of Supply ( 1941 - 42), British representative (Feb. 1942) in America for the supervision of British supply agencies.

5) Sir Stafford Cripps: British Ambassador to Moscow (1940 - 42)

6) Chequers: a historic Tudor mansion in Buckinghamshire, 35 miles NW of London; presented to the government by Lord and L ady Lee of Fareham 1917; the official country seat of the pri me minister of Great Britain

7) Colville: Churchill's private secretary

8) Winant: John Gilbert Winant (1889 - 1947), American govern ment official and diplomat; U. S. ambassador to Great Britain

(1941 - 46)

9) Edward Bridges: Secretary of the Cabinet (1938-– 46)

10) to bow down in the House of Rimmon: outward conformity wi th conventional religion or custom, practised with mental res ervation for political purposes; Rimmon, deity worshipped by Syrians of Damascus (Bible, II Kings, v. 18)

11) F. O.: Foreign Office

12) P. M.: Prime Minister

13) Lord Cranborne: 5th Marquis of Salisbury, Secretary of St ate for Dominion Affairs

14) Hun: term of contempt applied to German soldiers especial ly in World War I

15) Dominion: a self-governing member of the British Commonwe alth of Nations

16) British Empire: The United Kingdom plus her colonies and protectorates

17) Commonwealth of Nations: The United Kingdom plus her form er colonies but now independent nations and a member of the B ritish Commonwealth of Nations

背景知识

Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R.

Background information

U.S.S.R.: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

World War II: (1937 / 1939 -1945)

The conflict resulted from the rise of totalitarian, fascism in Germa n, Japan and Italy

July 7. 1937

Japan invaded Central China.

Sep. 1938

Munich Pact, which sacrificed much of Czechoslovakia to Germany

Aug. 1939

Russia-Germany non-aggression pact

Sept. 1, 1939

German invasion of Poland

Sept. 3, 1939

France and Britain declared war on Germany, officially beginning Worl d War II

June 22, 1940

France surrendered.

Aug-Oct. 1940

The Battle of Britain (2,300 to 900)

Jun 22. 1941

German invasion of the Soviet Union.

Dec. 7, 1941

Pearl Harbour

Sept. 1943

the Allies conquered Sicily and South Italy. Italy surrendered.

May 7. 1945

Germany surrendered unconditionally.

Aug. 14, 1945

Japan announced its surrender.

Background Information:

Adolph Hitler, (1889 - 1945) founder and leader of the National Socia list German Workers‘ Party, was born an Austrian.

1920 the Nazi Party

1933 Chancellor

1934

the union of the presidency and chancellorship in Hitler's person, the Führer

THE THIRD REICH

1944

an assassination attempt

April 29, 1945

married his long-time mistress, Eva Braun

April 30, 1945

committed suicide

MEIN KAMPT - My Struggle

Aryan's Superiority

Nazi: National sozialist

the National Socialist German Workers' Party

Elite Corps, black guards

党卫军、黑衫党

GESTAPO: secret state police

BLITZ: lightning war

Swastika

CHURCHILL

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (Nov. 30, 1874 - Jan. 24, 1965) May 1940 - May 1945 first tenure as P.M.

Oct. 1951 - Jan. 1955 second tenure as P.M.

1953 knighted

Sir Winston Churchill

1953 the Nobel Prize in Literature

1955 refusing the title of duke

Detailed Study of the Text

1. Speech, address, oration, lecture, talk

speech: a public speech irrespective (without regard) to its quality or its degree of preparation or of the quality of its speaker or au dience or of its aim (as to influence, instruct, or entertain)

address: It implies formality and usually careful preparation, and o ften connotes distinction in the speaker or gives emphasis to the im portance of the speech.

The president is scheduled to deliver three addresses on his trip.

oration: formal and solemn public speech. It suggests eloquence, rhe torical style, and usu. a dignified but sometimes high-flown or long -winded appeal to the emotions of a large audience or assembly.

lecture: It often implies reading. It commonly designates a carefull y prepared speech on a special topic intended to give information an d instruction to a group of students.

talk: It stresses informality. It may be used to designate either a lecture or an address when the speaker wishes to emphasize his desir e to speak directly and simply to his audience as individuals.

2. awaken (awakened, awakened)

awake (awoke, awoke; awaked, awaked)

wake (waked, waked; woke, woken)

waken (wakened, wakened)

The four words are very similar in usage. All can be used as vt, and vi.

I woke (up) / wakened / awoke / awakened at 7 this morning.

Please wake / waken me (up) at seven.

The noise awoke me.

A knock on the door awakened her.

a. The most common and the least formal is WAKE.

b. It may be better to use WAKEN, AWAKEN as transitive verbs. Theref ore they are most likely to be used in the passive voice. I was wake ned by their shouts.

I was awakened by the song of the birds.

c. AWAKE and AWAKEN are used somewhat more frequently in a figurativ e sense.

This at once awakened suspicion.

The national spirit awoke / was awakened.

d. AWAKE can be used as an adj. meaning "not asleep".

Is he awake yet?

I lay awake for about ten minutes.

3. conviction: a very firm and sincere belief

certainty: clearly established fact

Conviction usu. implies previous doubt or uncertainty. It stresses o ne's objective reaction to evidence rather than the objective validi ty of evidence itself. Therefore it commonly applied to the state of mind of one who has been in the process of being convinced.

I speak in the full conviction that our cause is just.

It's my conviction that you didn't try hard enough.

His political convictions are radical.

It's a certainty that this horse will win in the race.

After three days, our victory became a certainty.

4. doubt:

1) to be uncertain

2)to mistrust

doubt + noun (pron.)

I doubt the truth of it. (1)我怀疑这事是真还是假。

I doubt his honesty. (2)我不相信他是诚实的。

I am sorry that I doubted you before. (2)

doubt + clause

a. neg. / interrog. + that / what clause

Can you doubt what our policy will be? (1)

Can you doubt that he will win? (2)

I never doubt that you are honest. (1)

b. affirm. + if / whether clause

I doubt whether it is true / the truth of it. (1)

I doubt if he will come. (1)

3)to consider unlikely

affirm. + that (3)

I doubt that he will come. (3)

suspect:

1)to feel doubtful about the truth or value of, be uncertain

2)to believe to be true

3)to believe to be guilt

4)to guess, suppose

I suspect his motives. (1)

We suspected trouble. (2)

The mouse suspected danger and did not touch the trap. (2)

We suspected that he was lost before we were told. (2)

They suspect him of murder / him to be the murder. (3)

He was suspected of theft / stealing. (3)

I suspect that's true / you may be right. (4)

DOUBT always implies uncertainty about the truth of sth. or inabilit y to make a decision.

SUSPECT stresses fear that someone has worked or is working evil or injury, but the fear is accompanied by uncertainty.

cf: When meaning "be uncertain", they are similar, both can be follo wed by a noun or, when the main clause is in the negative, a that cl ause.

I doubt the truth of it. (1)

I doubt his honesty. (2)

I never doubt that you are honest. (1)

Everybody suspected the truth of the story. (1)

I suspect her motives / sincerity. (1)

We did not suspect that Mary could sing so well. (1)

But:

I doubt that he is honest. (consider unlikely)

I suspect that's true / you may be right. (guess, suppose)

I am sorry that I doubted you before. (mistrust)

The police don't know who committed the crime, but they suspect Jone s. (believe to be guilty)

suspicious: a. not trusting b. causing suspect c. likely to suspect

She is always suspicious of us / our intention.

The policeman became suspicious of the man.

He shot a suspicious look at me.

He is a suspicious character.

If you see anything suspicious, call the police at once.

be suspicious of sb.:

The dog is suspicious of strangers.

doubtful: a. not trusting b. questionable c. uncertain

She was doubtful of his good intentions.

He seems to me a doubtful fellow.

She has a doubtful look on her face.

doubtful + clause:

I am doubtful whether he is still alive.

If you are suspicious of sb. you feel or show that you do not trust them. If sth. is suspicious, it causes people to feel that sth. is w rong in some way.

If you are doubtful about sth., you are unsure or uncertain about it.

5. lie: exist, be found, reside

6. presently: before long, shortly, soon

7. hasten: move fast (急忙)

cf: hurry (慌忙): confused, panic

Hasten implies urgent quickness while Hurry implies haste that cause

s confusion or prevents concentrated attention. Hurry implies a stro ng implication of confusion, agitation.

Whoever is in a hurry, shows that the thing he is doing is too big f or him.

You must hasten and publish your result.

She hastened to explain the situation which now confronted her.

8. detailed: marked by thoroughness in treating small parts, fully d escribed

9. invade: to attack and spread into so as to take control of a coun

try, to enter a country with armed forces in order to attack

10. surprise: attack suddenly and without warning, come upon suddenl y and unexpectedly They surprised the enemy from the rear.

11. ground: (of pilot or plane) to stay on the ground

The ship grounded on a hidden sandbank in the shallow water.

The kite grounded because the wind stopped.

grounded on the airfield: lying stationary, not moving, standing sti ll on the airfield

12. driving forward: advancing, making advancement

13. violence: uncontrollable fierceness, very rough

14. round up: to gather together scattered things, people, animals, to herd together, collect together animals that are scattered

A cowboy rounds up the cattle.

15. horde: a large number or crowd, throng

a horde of locusts, children

When a contemptuous term is desired, it is preferred to crowd, and t hrong, esp, when implying rude, rough or savage character

16. consult: to go to a person, a book for advice, information or op inion,

The Prime Minister consulted his Cabinet on a variety of questions. Have you consulted you doctor about your illness?

to consult a dictionary.

17. issue: a matter that is in dispute between two or more parties, the point at which an unsettled matter is ready for a decision

We must draw clear distinctions concerning cardinal issues of right and wrong.

major issues of principle

the act of publishing or officially giving out or making available Have you seen the latest issue of the magazine?

His article was published on the fourth issue of...

be at issue: of importance, under consideration

That is not the point at issue.

to bring out sth. printed, or sth. official

to issue an order / a statement

to issue a commemorative set of 10-fen stamps

to supply or provide officially

to issue winter clothing to troops

18. count on: depend on, expect, take into account

If there is anything I can do, count on me.

You can always count on Fred in any emergency.

I think we can count on Mr White to support us.

to count on one's help / co-operation / sympathy

19. enlist: win the support of, get the help or services of, obtain help, or sympathy, to persuade sb. to help, to gain help sympathy et c.

Can I enlist your help in collecting the money for the Asian Games? To try to enlist sympathy of sb is to win over his / her sympathy.

20. sympathy: feeling of support, pity and tenderness, feeling of ap proval of, or agreement with an idea

21. go all out: to spare no effort, to make one's utmost effort Go all out, aim high and achieve greater, faster, better and more ec onomical results in building socialism.

The United States was likely to go all out to support Kuwait on this issue.

22. be true of: be the same case, be suitable to

The same is true of all other cases.

What he says of women is true of men.

That is the rule true of all cases.

The same is true of the living condition in the countryside.

23. croquet: (门

球) an outdoor game played on grass in which players knock wooden ba lls through a number of small metal arches with a long-handed wooden hammer

24. revert to: to go back to a former subject, talk about again The pressure made him revert to his old habit of smoking.

Shall we revert to our previous topic?

25. arch: principal, chief

arch- angel, bishop, criminal, enemy, rebel, rival, villain, etc.

26. not bowing down in the House of Rimmon

Q: You are not doing sth. against your own beliefs, are you?

A: No, not at all.

Rimmon was a deity worshipped by Syrians of Damascus. Syrian Captain Naaman / ei / had leprosy. His Israeli servant told E'lisha / ai /, a prophet of God. E told N to wash in the Jordan River 7 times and thus he was cured. Naaman therefore had faith in God and convert to Christianity. But being a Syrian, he has to following his King to wo rship in the House of Rimmon. Elisha granted him permission to do so.

27. thereby: by that means, by doing or saying that

He finished first in the race and thereby winning $50,000.

He was rude to her last year and thereby lost her friendship.

He wished to travel and thereby study the customs of other countries. He became a citizen, thereby gaining the right to vote.

cf: therefore: as a result; for that reason, so

I have never been to Africa and therefore I don't know much about it. It rained; therefore the game was called off.

He had gone; she therefore gave the money to me.

28. Devil - Satan, most powerful evil spirit, the leader of the ange

ls who rebelled against God and who were cast out of heaven. He and his followers are seen as tempter of man and the source of evil in t he world.

29. reference: a piece of written information about sb.'s character, ability, esp. when he is looking for employment (also) a person wil ling to make a statement about sb.'s character or abilities

make a favourable reference: to write a recommendation for

Did you hear all those bad reference to me that Jones kept making?

cf:

recommendation: a letter or statement that speaks in favour of or pr aise sb. esp, when he is looking for a job

testimonial: a formal written statement of a person’s character, ab ility, willing to work, etc.

A testimonial is kinder than a reference because it is shown to the person it describes while a reference is truer because it is not sho wn to him.

30. House of Commons: Lower House. House of Lords: Upper House

31. to the effect: with the information that, meaning that

He has had a telegram to the effect that his mother is dead.

A rumour was in the air to the effect that the firm was in financial difficulties.

32. comment: remark expressing an opinion, judgement (written or spo ken)

33. regime: a type or form of government, often derog.

a revolutionary regime

Under the old regime women could not vote.

34. feature: quality which holds the attention by reason of its impo rtance, characteristic, sth. that set apart one thing / person from others

Monopoly is the key feature of imperialism.

Racial discrimination is the key feature of South African white regi me.

The story has some unusual features.

any of the noticeable parts of the face

a man with an oriental feature

He could recall her features very distinctly.

The dominant feature on his face is the brandy nose.

35. devoid of: (fml) lacking in, complete without, empty of

The house is totally devoid of furniture.

He is complete devoid of humour / human feelings.

The word vacuum refers to space entirely devoid of matter.

36. theme: distinctive concern, ideal, fixed aim

Here in the text: basic good value, virtue, ideal, unifying idea

37. appetite: a desire or wish, esp. for food, a desire to satisfy a ny bodily longing

Here: strong desire to conquer

38. racial domination: the state of having or exercising controlling influence or power over the other races by the Aryan nation, which is considered by Hitler as the most superior in the world. In concen tration camps more than 6 million Jews and Poles were killed in gas chambers.

racial equality / apartheid / relations / prejudice / discrimination / domination / racism / racist

dominate: have controlling influence or power over, have the most im portant place or position

She complete dominates the family and makes all the decisions. Sports, and not learning, seems to dominate in the school.

dominant:

The dominant influence in her life was her father.

She has a very dominant nature.

The dominant political party of the country is socialist.

39. excel: surpass, be superior to, outdo, exceed (having the same r oot of excellent, from Latin)

He excels in music and art / courage / at football / as a orator. Beethoven excelled all other composers of his period.

He excels all his classmates in intelligence.

40. wickedness: badness, evil

41. ferocious: fierce, cruel, and violent

The Nazi regime is extremely cruel and it has invaded other countrie

s in a most savage way. It can carry out its cruel invasions so effe ctively that it beats / surpasses any action of this kind in human h istory.

The Nazi regime is very effective in cruel suppression of and savage attack on other countries, in this respect it is worse than any oth er known form of evil.

42. consistent: constant, faithful, unwavering, having a regular pat tern (of a person, behaviour, beliefs, etc.), continually keeping to the same principles or course of action, marked by steady continuit y, regularity, showing no significant change or contradiction

He is not consistent in his action.

When you make a sentence, the subject and the verb should be consist ent.

He reaffirmed the government's consistent policy of opposing racial discrimination.

43. opponent: person who takes the opposite side, esp, in playing or fighting

An opponent is one who is on the opposite side in a contest, as an a rgument, a disputation, an election or in a conflict

Since opposition is never considered to be legitimate, the governmen t has no opponents.

It's his conviction that the president will beat any opponent and be re-elected.

a bitter / political / worthy / powerful

44. fade away: disappear

45. spectacle: sight, sth. seen, sth. taking place before the eyes, esp. sth. fine, remarkable,

The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers...(Hiroshima)

Here: the painful / deplorable sight which is now opening out to our view.

46. unfolding:

Folded into the shape of tiny birds.

to fold one's hands in prayer

to fold one's arms

a folding bed / chair / fan / bridge / ruler / money (paper money)

unfold: (lit.) to become clear, more fully known

He gradually unfolded her plan to them.

As the investigation goes on, the intrigue behind the dirty deal slo wly unfold

47. folly: (fml) foolishness, unwise act, habit

The old man smiled sadly as he remembered the follies of his youth.

48. threshold: a piece of wood or stone fixed beneath the door into

a house or building

49. till: to cultivate the ground

50. immemorial: going beck beyond the reach of memory

51. champion: person who fights for, supports strongly, or defends a principle, a movement, person, etc.

52. means of existence: way, method

Here: food and clothing to keep people alive, things for people to s urvive

53. wring / wrung: (not often used, partly poetic, partly archaic, s lightly old fashion) to press hard on, squeeze, to get by force

This word basically applies to a compressive twisting together, ofte

n to extract. It implies a forcing that suggests a physical wringing. to wring water from the wet clothes

His sad story wrung our hearts.

54. hardly: (rare) with effort or difficulty, with force, in a sever

e manner

55. primordial: fundamental and primitive, basic, existing at or fro

m the beginning, esp of the world or the universe;

The universe was created out of a primordial ball of matter. primordial joys: pleasures shared commonly by all human beings

56. maiden: virgin, suggest heightened purity and freedom from sexua l intercourse

maiden voyage / flight

57. hideous: offensive to the senses and esp. to sight, exceedingly ugly, morally offensive, shocking, frightful, filling the mind with horror

a hideous crime, face, noise, creature

heinous: very wicked

a heinous crime, criminal

58. clank: metallic sound made by the swords and 'sabres / ei / (军刀)

The prisoner’s ankle chains clanked.

clicking: the sound of spurs and the metal piece underneath the sole s

59. dandy: (derog.) a person who spends too much time and money on h is clothing and personal appearance

dandified: dressed like a dandy

Here: officers in uniforms with shoulder boards, insignias and decor ations

60. crafty: cleverly deceitful, clever in a negative way, cunning, f oxy,

craft: a job needing skill, esp. esp. with one's hand

arts and crafts (工艺美术)

handicraft articles (手工艺品)

craft: skill in deceiving people for a bad purpose