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英语语言学 教学大纲

英语语言学  教学大纲
英语语言学  教学大纲

教学大纲

课程名称:英语语言学

英文名称:English Linguistics

课程类别:英语专业必修课

授课对象:英语专业三年级学生

学分:2个学分

学时:32个学时

先修课程:高级英语、英语语法

适用专业:英语语言文学

一.课程的性质、目的和任务

英语语言学是英语专业高年级阶段的必修课程,是一门关于语言本质、结构、特征、功能和普遍规律等的专业基础课,其前导课程为高级英语、英语语法等。英语语言学属于语言学理论的入门课程,主要介绍语言学的基本概念、基础知识和基本理论等。本课程的目的和任务是通过教学使学生掌握基本的语言学知识和语言学研究方法,具有基本的运用语言学知识来分析和研究自然语言现象的能力。

二.课程的教学内容

第一章:语言学导论

1.语言的本质特征:任意性、二重性、创造性、移位性

2.语言的功能:信息功能、人际功能、施为功能、感情功能、寒暄交谈、娱乐性功能、元语言功能

3.语言学的主要分支:语音学、音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学

4.宏观语言学:心理语言学、社会语言学、人类语言学、计算语言学

5.语言学中的一些重要区别:“描写式”和“规定式”、“共时”和“历时”、“语言”和“言语”、“语言能力”和“语言运用”

第二章:语音

1.语音学分类:发音语音学、声学语音学、听觉语音学

2.发音器官:肺和气管、声带、共鸣腔

3.清音和浊音

4.辅音:辅音、辅音的发音方法、辅音的发音部位、英语中的辅音

5.元音:元音、元音的描写标准、基本元音、元音音渡、英语中的元音

6.协同发音和语音描写:协同发音、宽式标音和严式标音

7.音位和音位变体:音素、音位、音位变体、最小对立体、自由变异、分布互补

8.音位过程:同化、区别性特征

9.超音段特征:音节结构、重音、语调、声调

第三章:词汇

1.词:“词”的三种含义、词的识别、词的分类、词类

2.词的构成:语素和形态学、语素的类型、屈折变化和词的形成、音系学和形态学的对

3.词汇变化:特有的词汇变化、形态变化、语义变化、音位变化、拼写变化

第四章:句法:从语词到篇章

1.句法关系:组合关系、聚合关系、共现关系

2.句法结构和成分:句法结构、成分、直接成分分析法、向心结构和离心结构、并列关

系和从属关系

3.范畴:范畴、数、性、格、一致关系

4.递归性:递归性、连接、嵌入

5.句子之外:句子连接、衔接

第五章:意义

1.“意义”的意义:概念意义、联想意义(内涵意义、社会意义、感情意义、反射意义、搭配意义)、主题意义

2.指称论:指称论、概念论、涵义与指称、外延与内涵

3.涵义关系:同义关系、反义关系、上下义关系

4.语义成分分析法:语义成分分析法

第六章:语言与认知

1.认知:认知

2.心理语言学:语言习得、语言理解、语言的生成

3.认知语言学:识解及操作、范畴化、意象图式、隐喻、转喻、整合理论

第七章:语言、文化和社会

1.语言和文化:情境语境、萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说、个案研究、语言教学中的文化

2.语言和社会:语言和社会的联系、社会语境中的文体变异、社会语言学的重要作用、社会语言学的重要启示

3.跨文化交际:跨文化交际的重要意义、个案研究

第八章:语言的使用

1.言语行为理论:施为句和表述句、行事行为理论

2.会话含义理论:合作原则、准则的违反、含义的特征

第九章:语言与文学

1.文学语言的一些普遍特征:前景化和语法形式、字面语言和比喻语言、文学语言的分析

2.诗歌语言:语音模式、不同形式的语言模式、重音和韵律模式、传统的韵律模式与语音模式、语音和韵律在诗歌中的功能、如何分析诗歌

3.小说中的语言:小说与视角、言语和思维的表达、散文风格、如何分析小说语言

4.戏剧语言:如何分析戏剧、分析戏剧语言、如何分析剧本

5.从认知角度分析文学:理论背景、认知分析举例

三.课程的基本要求

1.正确理解语言的本质特征,语言的功能,分清语言学的主要分支以及宏观语言学的基

本涵盖范围,掌握语言学中的一些重要区别。

2.了解语音学的分类,弄清发音器官,从发音方法和发音部位两个方面正确了解辅音的基本特征,掌握元音描写的准则、基本元音以及英语元音的分类,熟练掌握协同发音、音位和音位变体、最小对立体、自由变体、分布互补、同化及区别性特征。

3.正确理解词的“词”的含义,词的形成和词汇变化。

4. 掌握三种句法关系,能熟练地运用直接成分分析法来分析句子,正确理解向心结构和

离心结构以及并列关系和从属关系,了解范畴、数、性、格、一致关系,对递归性、连接、嵌入、衔接等有清楚的认知。

5. 熟练掌握七种“意义”,了解两种语义学理论以及涵义和指称、外延和内涵的区别,

了解三种涵义关系,能运用语义成分分析法来分析词的意义。

6. 理解“认知”的涵义,了解语言习得、语言理解和语言的生成,了解识解及操作、

范畴化、意象图式、隐喻、转喻、整合理论。

7. 理解情景语境,了解萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说及其强式版本和弱式版本,了解语言和社会

关系中的各种理论视角和语言现象,正确理解交际能力的涵义。

8. 熟练掌握言语行为理论并能运用该理论来分析句子的三种行为,熟练掌握会话含义理

论并能运用该理论来分析违反准则的句子的会话含义。

9. 正确理解各种文学体裁的语言特征和风格,能熟练地对诗歌语言、小说中的语言和戏

剧语言等进行分析。

四.前修课程要求

1. 高级英语

2. 英语语法

五.学时安排

第一章语言学导论:3个学时

第二章语音:4个学时

第三章词汇:3个学时

第四章句法:从语词到篇章:3个学时

第五章意义:3个学时

第六章语言与认知:3个学时

第七章语言、文化和社会:2个学时

第八章语言的使用:4个学时

第九章语言与文学:2个学时

第九周为期中考试周,考试时间统一,用去2个学时。另外,除了平时的课堂互动外,期末考试前留出2个学时专门用于课堂互动活动,留出1个学时梳理和总结所讲授和学习的内容,加上授课学时总学时为32个学时。

六.教材和参考书

1.主教材:胡壮麟. Linguistics, A Course Book (Fourth Edition). 北京:北京大学出版社,2011.

2. 辅助教材: 许之所、邹智勇、刘升民、薛睿.《英语语言学200问》. 北京:

外语教学与研究出版社,2011.

3. 参考资料: 1)王晋军.《语言学学习指南》.昆明:云南大学出版社,2010.

2)高文成.《语言学精要与学习指南》.北京:清华大学出版社出

版,2007.

七.考核方式

1.平时:30%(含出勤情况、课堂讨论、作业和小论文)

2.期末考试:70%(闭卷考试)

大纲制订人:邹智勇

大纲审定人:薛睿

制订日期:2013年8月28日

第一次修订日期: 2014年4月10日

第二次修订日期:2015年7月19日

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27037 本科自考英语语言学概论精心整理 Chapter 4 Phonology

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