2010年考研英语二真题及优化详解【试卷打印版】

2010年全国硕士研究生英语二入学统一考试

Section I Use of English

Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ____1____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years. The heightened alert ____2____ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising ____3____ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.

But the epidemic is " ____4____ " in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, ____5____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the ____6____ of any medical treatment.

The outbreak came to global ____7____ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths ____8____ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to ____9____ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.

In the United States, new cases seemed to fade ____10____ warmer weather arrive[D] But in late September 2009, officials reported there was ____11____ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the ____12____ tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has ____13____ more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.

Federal health officials ____14____ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began ____15____ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ____17____ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not ____18____ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19____ . But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people ____20____infants and healthy young people.

1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented [D] designated

2 [A] proceeded [B] activated [C] followed [D] prompted

3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts [D] sums

4 [A] moderate [B] normal [C] unusual [D] extreme

5 [A] with [B] in [C] from [D] by

6 [A] progress [B] absence [C] presence [D] favor

7 [A] reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D] notice

8. [A]over [B] for [C] among [D] to

9 [A] stay up [B] crop up [C] fill up [D] cover up

10 [A] as [B] if [C] unless [D] until

11 [A] excessive [B] enormous [C] significant [D]magnificent

12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns [D] samples

13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected [D] infected

14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved [D] remained

15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking [D] giving

16 [A] feasible [B] available [C] reliable [D] applicable

17 [A] prevalent [B] principal [C] innovative [D] initial

18 [A] presented [B] restricted [C] recommended [D] introduced

19 [A] problems [B] issues [C] agonies [D] sufferings

20 [A] involved in [B] caring for [C] concerned with [D] warding off

Section ⅡReading comprehension

Part A

Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D] Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (40points)

Text1

The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever” ,at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.

The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.

In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.

The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”

What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.

21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory” because _________.

[A] the art market had witnessed a succession of victories

[B] the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids

[C] Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces

[D] it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis

22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_____.

[A] collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions

[B] people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries

[C] art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent

[D] works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying

23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

[A] Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.

[B] The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.

[C] The market generally went downward in various ways.

[D] Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.

24. The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _______

[A] auction houses ' favorites [B] contemporary trends

[C] factors promoting artwork circulation [D] styles representing impressionists

25. The most appropriate title for this text could be ________

[A] Fluctuation of Art Prices [B] Up-to-date Art Auctions

[C] Art Market in Decline [D] Shifted Interest in Arts

Text2

I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."

This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.

The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.

In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.

In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.

26. What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?

[A] Talking to them. [B] Trusting them.

[C] Supporting their careers. [D] Sharing housework.

27. Judging from the context, the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means _______ .

[A] generating motivation. [B] exerting influence

[C] causing damage [D] creating pressure

28. All of the following are true EXCEPT_______

[A] men tend to talk more in public than women

[B] nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation

[C] women attach much importance to communication between couples

[D] a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse

29. Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?

[A] The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.

[B] Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.

[C] Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.

[D] Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.

30. In the following part immediately after this text, the author will most probably focus on _________

[A] a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk

[B] a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoon

[C] other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.

[D] a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker

Text 3

Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.

“There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’ s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”

The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.

If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.

A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs, and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals, slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.

“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,” said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”

Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.

31. According to Dr. Curtis, habits like hand washing with soap________.

[A] should be further cultivated [B] should be changed gradually

[C] are deeply rooted in history [D] are basically private concerns

32. Bottled water, chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to________

[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits [B] show the urgent need of daily necessities

[C] indicate their effect on people’s buying power [D] manifest the significant role of good habits

33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?

[A]Tide [B] Crest [C] Colgate [D] Unilever

34. From the text we know that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to __________

[A]perfected art of products [B]automatic behavior creation

[C]commercial promotions [D]scientific experiments

35. The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is________

[A] indifferent [B] negative [C] positive [D] biased

Text4

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles

that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.

But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia, the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.

The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898, it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.

In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury. This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.

36. From the principles of the US jury system, we learn that ______

[A] both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries

[B] defendants are immune from trial by their peers

[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service

[D] judgment should consider the opinion of the public

37. The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____

[A] the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws

[B] the prevalent discrimination against certain races

[C] the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures

[D] the arrogance common among the Supreme Court justices

38. Even in the 1960s, women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____

[A] they were automatically banned by state laws

[B] they fell far short of the required qualifications

[C] they were supposed to perform domestic duties

[D] they tended to evade public engagement

39. After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___

[A] sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished

[B] educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors

[C] jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community

[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system

40. In discussing the US jury system, the text centers on_______

[A] its nature and problems [B] its characteristics and tradition

[C] its problems and their solutions [D] its tradition and development

Part B 根据下文判断正误。

原文：Copying birds may save aircraft fuel

Both Boeing and Airbus have trumpeted the efficiency of their newest aircraft, the 787 and A350 respectively. Their clever designs and lightweight composites certainly make a difference. But a group of researchers at Stanford University, led by Ilan Kroo, has suggested that airlines could take a more naturalistic approach to cutting jet-fuel use, and it would not require them to buy new aircraft.

The answer, says Dr Kroo, lies with birds. Since 1914, and a seminal paper by a German researcher called Carl Wieselsberger, scientists have known that birds flying in formation—a V-shape, echelon or otherwise—expend less energy. The air flowing over a bird’s wings curls upwards behind the wingtips, a phenomenon known as upwash. Other birds flying in the upwash experience reduced drag, and spend less energy propelling themselves. Peter Lissaman, an aeronautics expert who was formerly at Caltech and the University of Southern.

When applied to aircraft, the principles are not substantially different. Dr Kroo and his team modelled what would happen if three passenger jets departing from Los Angeles, San Francisco and Las Vegas were to rendezvous over Utah, assume an inverted V-formation, occasionally swap places so all could have a turn in the most favourable positions, and proceed to London. They found that the aircraft consumed as much as 15% less fuel (with a concomitant reduction in carbon-dioxide output). Nitrogen-oxide emissions during the cruising portions of the flight fell by around a quarter.

There are, of course, kinks to be worked out. One consideration is safety, or at least the perception of it. Would passengers feel comfortable travelling in convoy? Dr Kroo points out that the aircraft could be separated by several nautical miles, and would not be in the unnervingly cosy groupings favoured by display teams like the Red Arrows. A passenger peering out of the window might not even see the other planes. Whether the separation distances involved would satisfy air-traffic-control regulations is another matter, although a working group at the International Civil Aviation. Organisation has included the possibility of formation flying in a blueprint for new operational guidelines.

It remains to be seen how weather conditions affect the air flows that make formation flight more efficient. In zones of increased turbulence, the planes’ wakes will decay more quickly and the effect will diminish. Dr Kroo says this is one of the areas his team will investigate further. It might also be hard for airlines to co-ordinate the departure times and destinations of passenger aircraft in a way that would allow them to gain from formation flight. Cargo aircraft, in contrast, might be easier to reschedule, as might routine military flights.

As it happens, America’s armed forces are on the case already. Earlier this year the country’s Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency announced plans to pay Boeing to investigate formation flight, though the programme has yet to begin. There are reports that some military aircraft flew in formation when they were low on fuel during the second world war, but Dr Lissaman says they are apocryphal. “My father was an RAF pilot and my cousin the skipper of a Lancaster lost over Berlin,” he adds. So he should know.

41. Findings of the Stanford University researchers will promote the sales of new Boeing and Airbus aircraft.

42. The upwash experience may save propelling energy as well as reducing resistance.

43.Formation flight is more comfortable because passengers can not see the other planes.

44. The role that weather plays in formation flight has not yet been clearly defined.

45. It has been documented that during World War II, America’s armed forces once tried formation flight to save fuel.

46.Directions: In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET .(15points)

“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.

Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.

It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”

47. Directions: You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to

1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;

2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET .

Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”instead.

Do not write your address. (10 points)

48. Directions:

In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should

1) Interpret the chart and

2) Give your comments.

You should write at least 150 words.

Write your essay on on ANSWER SHEET . (15 points)

2010年考研英语二真题答案

1.【答案】D

【解析】上文提到” was declared a global epidemic”，根据declare 的逻辑（"宣布为"），可知应该选D项designated"命名，制定"，而不是C项commented"评论"，这是典型的近义词复现题目。

2.【答案】C

【解析】本题目可依据”句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting和a sharp rise三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise可知是rise（”病例数的增加”）是meeting（”日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert并非是meeting的原因，而是结果，即meeting使得alert 升级。根据上述分析可以排除B、[D]选项，B项activated”激活，激起”，D 项”促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开。而C项followed 意思是”紧随，跟在之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，meeting之后是alert的逻辑，所以是正确项。而A项proceeded”继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。

3.【答案】B

【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising _____应该对应a sharp rise in cases（”病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是”数量”的逻辑才对。A项digits”（阿拉伯）数字”，不表示数量，不能与rising 形成搭配；C项amounts”数量”，常修饰不可数名词（此处指的是cases，可数名词）；D项sums”金额，款项”，不能用于表达”病例数”。B项umbers”数量”，修饰可数名词（如：large numbers of cases大量的病例），符合题意。

4.【答案】A

【解析】此处句子开头的”But”是重要的逻辑线索，与上文意思（第二段）形成对比反差。上文的关键性表达，如”heightened alert”、”emergency meeting”和”a sharp rise in cases”都在讲述猪流感的严重性，所以根据But和in severity，可知空格处应该是”不严重或缓和”的逻辑。

5.【答案】A

【解析】But the epidemic is “moderate”in severity,5 patients experiencing symptoms and recovery，本句的划线部分是句子主干（主系表），逗号后面的表达是包含有逻辑主语patients和逻辑谓语experiencing 的独立主格结构（symptoms and recovery 是逻辑宾语）。根据语法原理，只有介词with 才可以引导独立主格，所以选A。再比如：She sat there, with tears streaming down her face. “她坐在那里，泪流满面”。

6.【答案】B

【解析】根据出处句中”in the of”这个搭配，可排除A、D项，答案应该选B、C项中的一个。B项in the absence of“缺乏，不存在”，例如The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.“此案因缺乏确凿证据不予受理”。C项in the presence of逻辑相反，意思是”存在的情况下”，例如，The document was signed in the presence of two witnesses. “本文件是在两位证人的见证下签署的”。

7.【答案】D

【解析】根据出处句中come to global这个搭配，可排除B、C项，答案应该选A、D项中的一个。A项come to reality 指”成为现实”；D项come to notice 为”受到关注”。

8.【答案】C

【解析】an unusual large number of hospitalizations and deaths healthy adults，空格前意思”极其众多的住院和死亡案例”，空格后意思”健康的成年人”不难看出，前者和后者是被包含与包含的逻辑关系，所以选C项among “在中”。其他三个选项：A项over“覆盖；超过”等；B项for“对于；因为”等；D项to“朝向；对于”等，均不能表示”包含”的逻辑关系。

9.【答案】B

【解析】上文（本段首句）提到The outbreak came to global notice”这场瘟疫的爆发引起了全球性关注”，接着本句阐述说”不仅在墨西哥该病例让人很惊慌，而且它开始在纽约、美国西南部，以及世界各地开始出现”。所以，此处空格应该是”出现”之意。A项stay up “熬夜”，C项fill up “填满。装满”，D项cover up“盖住；掩盖”，上述三项的意思无法体现所需逻辑需要，而B项crop up的意思正是”突然出现，大量出现”，所以选B。

10.【答案】A

【解析】new cases seemed to fade ____ warmer weather arrived，本句中下划线部分是主干，斜体部分是状语从句，空格处的连词选择取决于前后主从句的逻辑关系。不难看出从句部分”温暖天气的来临”自身有明显的时间概念，所以可重点关注A、D两项。A项as”随着”，代入本句，逻辑是”随着天气转暖，新的病例似乎逐渐减少”，没有任何瑕疵。D项until “直到时”，选本项有一个逻辑要求，即主句的谓语动词必须有”持续”之意，如He sat there until I returned.“他坐在那，一直到我回来”，而此句主干部分的动词seemed to fade不能表示这种”持续”，不能说”新的病例似乎减少到天气转暖的时候”。B项if”如果”和C项unless“除非”均表示”假设或条件”，代入空格形成完整句子的逻辑存在明显问题。

11.【答案】C

【解析】本句开头的But提示本句和上文信息逻辑相反，上文讲”病例似乎逐渐减少”（fade），所以本句空白处应该是意义相反的词义。A 项excessive”过多的，过度的”，B项enormous”巨大的，庞大的”，C项significant”显著的，明显的”（注：此处不应理解为”重要的，有意义的”），D项magnificent“壮观的”，根据句意”官方报道说几乎每个州的流感发作都很_____”，答案显然选C。

12.【答案】D

【解析】此处空白所填词义需满足两个条件：（1）与tested 构成动宾逻辑；（2）与the new swine flu 构成主表逻辑。A项categories “（人或事物）种类，类别”，C项patterns“模式，样式”，此两项含义显然不能满足上述逻辑条件。B项examples”例子”和D项samples”样品，样本”相互干扰较大，这是因为两者形相似义相近（注：答案常蕴含在这种关系的选项中）。但能符合上述条件（1）和（2），含义为”几乎所有检测的_______都是新的猪流感”的只能是 D 项。

13.【答案】D

【解析】从该句后半部分的”and caused more than 600 deaths”可看出，空白处的动词应与后面的caused(“引起”)是因果逻辑关系。此外，空白处的动词还与前面的it（指代”猪流感”）构成主谓逻辑关系。A项imparted “告知；传授；给予”，例如：to impart news to the press“向新闻透露消息”。B 项immersed”使浸没”。例如：The child immersed his head in water. “这个孩子将脑袋没入了水中”；C 项injected “注射，打针”。此三项显然无法满足上述的逻辑条件。D项infected“感染，传染”和C项injected形相近（注：答案常蕴含在这种关系的选项中），并且满足”它已经感染了并引起”这样的逻辑条件，所以选D。

14.【答案】A

【解析】根据or children和from the national stockpile两个介词短语的逻辑可知：children是Tamiflu的接受者，而the national stockpile是Tamiflu的来源出处。此外，空白处动词需与Federal health officials形成主谓逻辑，同时和Tamiflu形成动宾逻辑。综上所述，A项released“释放，发行”可引申为此句所需的逻辑”发放”以满足上述条件，即”联邦政府的卫生官员从贮备中发放Tamiflu疫苗给儿童”；B项relayed”接替；转接”；C项relieved”缓解”；D 项remained”依然是，剩余”。此三项无法满足上述逻辑条件。

15.【答案】C

【解析】本句话中began to ______ orders from the states的动作发出者是Federal health officials，结合介词from，它和the states的逻辑关系应是”卫生部官员接受各州的订单”，而非”卫生部官员向各州下订单”，所以只能选C项taking。

16.【答案】B

【解析】下文信息（下句）More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009”到2009 年10月初，300多万剂新疫苗就能生产出来”，此句信息实际上是空白出处句的具体扩展，逻辑高度对应：The new vaccine对应More than three million doses, ahead of expectation对应in early October 2009，所以is ______正好对应were to be made available。B项available“可得到的，可获得的”，根据上述思路，它显然属于同词的复现呼应，是正确选项。A项feasible“可行的，合理的”，C项reliable”可靠的”和D项applicable”适用的”，不符合上下文同词复现的条件。

17.【答案】D

【解析】空格前面的指示代词those是重要线索，指代上句more than three million doses,即上句中的the new vaccine，所以空格处所填词汇应该和new是同义词。D项initial”最初的，开始的”，和new属于同义词，显然属于同义词复现呼应，是正确项。A项prevalent”流行的，盛行的”，B项principal”主要的”和C项innovative”革新的”，不符合上下文同词复现的条件。

18.【答案】C

【解析】下文信息（下句）的But 是重要的逻辑线索（But it was still possible to ），根据此处的still possible 可知：空格处的逻辑应和possible（此处理解为”可行的”）是同义词关系。C 项recommended“被推荐的”显然和possible”可行的”属于同义词的复现呼应。

19.【答案】A

【解析】应该关注本句中的并列连词or。根据出处信息those (with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other ___19___中的or和other可知：difficulties、disease 和空格词汇属近义词关系。A项problems”问题”，此词的含义具有一定的宽泛性（即概括性），不仅在逻辑上包含difficulties和disease，又与它们属于近义词的复现呼应，所以是正确答案。B项issues “问题”，但仅指争论的问题，如”议题”；C项agonies和D项sufferings都表示”痛苦”，根据四选一的原则，两项应属被排除的对象。

20.【答案】B

【解析】根据出处句信息的and 可知：health care workers, people___20___infants 和healthy young people是并列关系，因此三者属近义的逻辑。再根据前面的care，以及常用到的同义词复现呼应原理，可知应该选B项caring for”照顾，照料”。

21.【答案】D

【解析】根据”In the first paragraph”和信号词”a last victory”可回文定位到首段倒数第二句”It was a last victory”。答案应该在首段的尾句中寻找：As the auctioneer called out bids, ...Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.”就在拍卖师喊出报价时，雷曼兄弟申请破产”。该句中提到的银行破产与D项中的”金融危机”相吻合。题干中的”a last victory”显而易见是指金融危机前的最后一次成功的拍卖，所以D项为正确答案。A项”艺术品市场经历了一系列的成功的交易”，B 项”拍卖人最终以高价得到了两件作品”和C项”‘我脑海中永存的美丽’赢了所有大作”在文章中都没有提到，均属无中生有。

22.【答案】A

【解析】根据”Line 1-2，Para. 3”和信号词”spendingbecame deeply unfashionable”可回文定位到第三段首句”In the weeks and months, spendingbecame deeply unfashionable”。鉴于本题是句子推断题，所以思路应该是关注定位信息的上下文，而此题的信息定位是段首句，因此应优先关注段内的下文信息，”In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.”“在艺术品领域，这意味着艺术家远离了画廊和销售店”。很显然，这指的是收藏家不再花钱购买艺术品了，即他们不再参与艺术品市场的拍卖了，所以D项为正确答案。B 项的people 和every kind of spending表达的逻辑范围过大，有绝对化的味道。C、D两项逻辑意思相近，都是说”艺术品不再时尚”，文章没有提及所以均应排除。

23.【答案】B

【解析】本题是事实细节题，这种题，题干往往缺乏信号词，所以需要对选项一一回文定位，加以对照和判断。B项的最强烈信号莫过于momentum，此词可回文定位到第二段的首句：The world art market had already been losing momentum，但无论此句还是文章其他部分都没有提及”surpassed many other industries”，所以此项为无中生有的错误项，所以B项为正确答案。A项可回文定位到第二段的二、三句：At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $ 65 billionSince then it may have come down to $50 billion.所以A项正确。C项可回文定位到第三段首句：spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable，此句中的spending = the art market，of any sort = generally和in various ways，became deeply unfashionable = went downward，所以C项正确。D项可回文定位到尾段尾句：But anyone whois keeping away, waiting for confidence to return, 所以D项正确。

24.【答案】C

【解析】根据”the last paragraph”和信号词”the three Ds”可回文定位到尾段倒数第二句：The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market.“三D因素——死亡、债务、和离婚——依然会把艺术品推向市场。”词汇推断题的思路是跳出词汇本身，依据其前后信息的综合分析找到线索。3Ds紧随其后的谓语部分是”still deliver works of art to the market”与C项的逻辑精确对应，所以C项正确。A项中的auction houses’favorites和B 项中的contemporary trends 在文章均未提到，属于无中生有干扰项。D项中的Impressionists出自第四段句首，但与本选项毫无关系，故此项亦属于无中生有项。

25.【答案】C

【解析】主旨题的思路是对整篇文章的高度概括，考生可将各段的首句信息做综合处理。这篇文章的每一段的第一句几乎都有”art market”这个词，即”艺术品市场”，而且通过文章的阅读，我们很容易抓住艺术品市场不景气这一主旨，因此C项正确。A项”艺术品价格的波动”和B项”最新的艺术品拍卖”包含的内容太少，没有从整体上概括全文。D项”对文科兴趣的转向”则有些混淆视听的效果。Arts一词可以指学科类别中的文科门类，也可以与定冠词一起泛指艺术。

26.【答案】A

【解析】根据题干信号词”most wives’main expectation of their husbands”可回文定位到第四段尾句：most wives want their husbands to be, first and foremost, conversational partners, but few husbands share this expectation of their wives. 从该句中的expectation 可以知道，妻子寄予丈夫的主要希望是conversation partners，所以A项为正确答案。从第四段可以看出，支持事业和分担家务并不是女性们抱怨的主要内容，排除C项和D项。而通篇并没有谈论信任，故排除B项。

27.【答案】C

【解析】根据提示词Line2, Para. 2 和信号词wreaking havoc 可回文定位到第二段尾句：And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage，做词汇题时考生可以从上下文找线索：上文提到they often talk less at home。在第三段中作者又进一步引用社会学家Kohler 专著中的发现，即多数女性认为缺乏沟通是她们离婚的原因。因此可以得出这种模式正在危害婚姻的结论，C项为正确答案。A项的意思是”产生激励”。B项的意思是”产生影响”。D项的意思是”造成压力”。这三个选项都不如C项准确。

28.【答案】B

【解析】本题是排除题，此类题题干往往缺乏信号词，所以需要对选项一一回文定位。选项B可回文定位到第三段尾句：Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent...，经比照可发现原文只是提到”目前美国离婚率为50%”，但未说”50%”的离婚率是由交谈失败造成的，所以B项错误，是本题正确答案。选项A、D均可回文定位到第二段首句：although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. 所以A、D 两项是正确的。选项C可以定位到第四段第二句：Instead, they focused on communication, 故C 项也正确。

29.【答案】D

【解析】本题是主旨题，考生可以将首尾段信息做综合处理：首段的episode 和尾段的cartoon scene都在讲述丈夫和妻子在交谈方式的差异。所以D项为正确答案。A项文章中没有提及，属无中生有。B项在第四段句首中涉及，但与选项意义相反。C项在文中虽有涉及，但太过宽泛，不够具体。

30.【答案】B

【解析】本题可以定位到文章最后一段，作者在本段中描述了”stereotypical cartoon”的画面，那么在接下来的段落中最有可能的就是对卡通画的详细描写，所以B项为正确答案。A项中的”the new book Divorce”出自文中的第三段，与漫画信息没有任何联系。C项的干扰性很大，但本文的主题是”谈话方式的差异”，所以接下来的文章也只能继续这一主题。D项与前面提及的内容和接下来的内容相去甚远，介绍此人会很突兀。

31.【答案】A

【解析】文章第二段”There are fundamental public health problems, how to change people’s habits”提到”一些基本的公众健康问题之所以对生命造成威胁，仅仅是因为我们没弄明白如何去改变人们的习惯”。由此可知，如果我们搞清楚如何改变人们的习惯，不用香皂洗手这样的问题就不会造成威胁，因此对用香皂洗手这样的习惯应该加以培养。所以A项为正确答案。B项是对文中”change people’s habits”改变人们习惯的误解，故排除。C项在文中没有提到，也应排除。D项与原文中的表述不一致，文中提到”fundamental public health problems”也就是说用香皂洗手这样的习惯是公众问题，而不是个人的问题，故排除。

32.【答案】A

【解析】本段属于典型的举例段落，根据例证题的解答思路，本题答案应该在上段寻找。阅读上段信息得知后两句同样在举例子，所以本题目的最终定位应该是第四段的首句：If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every dayare results of manufactured habits，由此得知”许多产品的使用都是被制造出的习惯”，因此举诸多产品为例目的就是阐述”人们很多习惯的改变”，所以A项为正确答案。B项中的urgent need在文中没有体现，C项中的buying power在文中也没有体现，此两项属无中生有。D项中的good habits显然是错误的标志，作者只是客观阐述产品对人们习惯的影响，没有评论这些习惯的好坏。

33.【答案】D

【解析】由文章第六段”Tide, Crest, and other products Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives”可知，Tide, Crest and other products可以帮助顾客养成良好的习惯，而Unilever虽然文中有提，但它是公司名称，并不是产品名称。所以D项为正确选项。结合常识Colgate和Crest都是牙膏，也应该可以帮助人们养成良好的习惯。所以A、B、C项都不是正确选项。

34.【答案】C

【解析】本章最后一段第一句话中的”there is power in trying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising”是理解的关键。”through ruthless advertising”充分说明人们某些消费习惯的养成深受无情的广告的影响。综合文章前面的论述，广告产品对人们的影响很大，所以C项为正确答案。A、B 项是文章第一句中”完善建立自动行为的艺术”的错误理解，故排除。D项出自尾段首句Through experiments and observation这是社会学家所发现的途径，和问题无关。

35.【答案】B

【解析】文章的最后一句话的”As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.”是理解的关键。”controversies have erupted”众多争议产生，”sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods”出售有质疑的美容产品或是不健康的食品，综合两者可知广告对人们习惯的影响引起了众多争论，而且许多广告宣传的产品不真实。由此推出，作者的观点是否定的，所以 B 项为正确答案。C 项与坐着的意思相反，应排除。文章的大部分内容是论述柯蒂斯博士的研究，没有发表自己的观点，因此A项错误。D项在文中体现不出来，故排除。

36.【答案】D

【解析】文章第一段提到了美国陪审团制度的原则。根据”verdicts should represent the conscience of the community”判决应该代表公众的良知，可知D 项是原文的同意替换，所以D 项为正确答案。A、C 项与原文”all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries”所有具备最低的年龄和读写能力资格的人都有资格担当陪审员，文意矛盾，B项与原文”defendants are entitled to trial by their peers”被告有权接受同阶审判，文意矛盾，故排除此三项。

37.【答案】A

【解析】本题可定位到第二段的最后一句话：Although the Supreme Court , the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.”虽然美国最高法院，选拔所谓的精英或一流的陪审团给这种或其他反歧视法提供了方便之路。”习语表达”provided a convenient way around”是分析本题目的关键，所以C项为正确答案。B项”对某个种族的普遍歧视”，过于宽泛，故为干扰项。C项”陪审员挑选过程中的相互冲突的理念”，与原文不符。D 项文中没有提到，属无中生有。

38.【答案】C

【解析】文章第三段的最后一句”This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home”提到”家庭需要女性的主张给这一情况提供了辩解”，所以C项为正确答案。A项是偷换概念，原文是”Even then several states”而非”states laws”。B、D两项中文中并未提及属无中生有。

39.【答案】B

【解析】文章第四段第二句话”his law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community.”其中的关键表达是”abolished special educational requirements”，与B项中的”became less rigid”相近。所以B 项为正确答案。A、C、D项都是发生在1975年泰勒诉路易斯安那的裁决之后，故均可排除。

40.【答案】D

【解析】本题考察对中心思想的归纳和概括能力，正确选项的关键在于理解文章四个段落的主要内容和相互联系。文章第一段概括介绍了美国陪审制度的五个原则，第二、三、四段分别介绍了美国陪审制度的发展，包括陪审员的挑选、女性陪审员地位的变化以及教育和性别要求的变化，因此可以看出，文章主要是介绍美国陪审制度的历史和发展。所以D项为正确答案。A、B两项中的nature和characteristics属于首段信息，根据第二段首句的转折词But 可知它不是文章中的重点因素。C 项有一定的迷惑性，但忽略了文章中的时间因素As recently as in 1968（第二段）until the mid-20th century（第三段）和ushering a new era（尾段）等，所以也不应该选。

41.【答案】F

【解析】根据题干信号词”Findings of the Stanford University researchers”可回文定位到首段的最后一句。其中的尾部信息：it would not require them to buy new aircraft”不需要它们购买新飞机”，说明斯坦福大学研究人员的发现不会促进飞机的销售，由此可见，本题所给的陈述与文章内容相矛盾，故该题答案是F。

42.【答案】T

【解析】根据题干信号词”The upwash experience”可回文定位到文章第二段第四句。题干中的”save propelling energy”与原文中的”spend less energy propelling themselves”属同义转述，题干中的”reducing resistance”与原文中的“reduced drug”属同义转述，由此看来本题陈述符合文章内容，故该题答案为T。

43.【答案】F

【解析】本题涉及的信息点是，编队飞行是否更加舒适，如果是，原因是否是乘客看不到别的飞机。根据题干信号词”Formation flight is more confortable”可回文定位到文章第四段第三句。审视文章会发现，本段中作者在讨论现实操作中遇到的难题及其解决方法，难题有两个：一个是安全因素，另外一个是同时飞行时乘客感到舒适么？因此编队飞行更加舒适是需要解决的难题之一，并非既有事实，因此题干论述不符合原文内容，故该题答案是F。

44.【答案】T

【解析】根据题干信号词”weather plays in formation flight”可回文定位到文章第五段第一句到第三句。题干中的”weather conditions”等同于”weather”，“affect”与”play role in”是同义转述，”it remains to be seen”恰好与”has not yet been clearly defined”是对应的，所以本题表述正确。

45.【答案】F

【解析】根据题干信号词”World War Ⅱ”可回文定位到文章最后一段第三句，该句表明：有报道说有战机二战时由于燃料不足而编队飞行，但是还没有得到证明。题干中的”has been documented”与原文中的”they are unsubstantiated”是矛盾的，所以本题表述错误。

新题型译文：

波音和空客都在吹嘘自己最新飞机787 和A350 的性能，巧妙的设计与轻质的材料当然使它们与众不同。但在斯坦福大学，由伊兰·克鲁领导的一个研究小组提出，飞机的飞行路线可以改用更具仿生效应的路径来节省燃油，而且并不需要购买新的飞机。

克鲁教授称这个设想是受到鸟类的启发。1914 年，一位名叫卡尔·维塞尔斯伯格的德国研究员发表了一篇具有重大意义的论文，科学家们从中得知，鸟类在飞行的时候排成V 字、梯形或倒过来时，会节省体力。气流在划过鸟类双翼时会在其后面弯曲向上，这是一种叫上升流的现象。在上升流中飞行的鸟阻力减小，可以用更小的力气飞。彼得·利萨曼以前是加州理工学院和南加州大学的航空专家，他认为由25 只鸟组成的队伍会将飞行距离提升71%。

当把鸟类的特性应用到飞机上的时候，原理也相差无几。克鲁教授和他的团队模拟了三架分别从洛杉矶、旧金山和拉斯维加斯起飞的客机在犹他州集合，采用反V 字形状并偶尔换一下位置以便所有飞机轮流利用最有利位置，最后飞到伦敦。他们发现飞机节省多达15%的燃油，相应的二氧化碳排放也少了很多，途中排放的氮氧化物减少约四分之一。

当然，一定要有完善的操作指南。要考虑安全问题，至少在感觉上来说是安全的。乘客们在换位时会不会不舒服呢?克鲁教授指出飞机间会相隔几海里，不会像红箭表演队(英国皇家空军特技表演队)那样间距小到令人窒息。乘客往窗外看也许都看不到另外的飞机。有关飞机间距是否符合空中管制条例暂且不谈，但国际民航组织的一个工作组已经考虑在新的操作方针中列入编队飞行的可能性。

现在仍需考虑天气情况对气流的影响，这会关系到编队飞行的效率。在有大量乱流的地区，飞机尾部的气流会消失更快，上升流效应就会消失。克鲁教授称，在这方面他们团队将要进行更多的研究。每架客机的起飞时间与目的地都不相同，要协调它们编队飞行很难。相反，货机和日常空军飞行更容易协调时间。

恰逢此时，美军已经着手这项研究。今年早些时候，美国国防部高级研究计划局宣布出资让波音公司研究编队飞行的计划，但项目到现在还没启动。有报道称二战时就有一些军机在燃油不足的情况下编队飞行，但利萨曼教授称那些都是杜撰的，他说：“我父亲是皇家空军飞行员，我的堂兄是一架在柏林坠毁的兰喀斯特式飞机的机长”，所以他应该知道。

46.【翻译参考】“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing 而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

Ning 回忆起20 世纪90 年代末期卖保险的那段迷茫时光，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与Boulder 代理机构签了约。

事情进展并不顺利，TedNing 说到：“那真是个糟糕的选择，因为我对此没有激情，”可以预料，他把工作中的矛盾能解释为没有业务。Ning 说：“我很痛苦渴望午夜起来盯着天花板，我没钱，我需要工作，每个人都说‘等吧，只要有耐心会好转的。’”