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Dissociation Behavior of Methane-Ethane Mixed Gas Hydrate in Drilling Mud Fluid

Dissociation Behavior of Methane-Ethane Mixed Gas Hydrate in Drilling Mud Fluid Kawamura,T. a, Yamamoto, Y. b, Yoon, J.-H. b, Haneda, H. b, Ohga, K. a and Higuchi, K a

a Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

b National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

ABSTRACT

Dissociation kinetics of gas hydrates has been investigated experimentally. The artificial natural gas hydrates were made from pure methane or methane-ethane mixed gas, and then its composition and the structure were examined. These samples were dissociated under various conditions. Obtained dissociation rates were discussed with analytical model. As a result, it seemed that generated gas by hydrate dissociation affects heat flux and changes dissociation rate. Especially in case of methane-ethane mixed gas hydrate, generated gas seemed to affect thermal stability by changing environmental gas composition. In “drilling mud fluid”, the dissociation rate have almost proportional relation with the “mud” concentration.

KEY WORDS: Gas hydrate; methane; ethane; dissociation; model; drilling mud.

INTRODUCTION

Natural gas hydrates existing under sea ground have been widely known as a large natural gas reservoir, and then expected to be a future energy resource (Okuda, 1993). In order to recover natural gas from them commercially, in-situ dissociation of hydrate under sea ground is needed (Ji-Ahmadi and Smith, 2001). Therefore the dissociation rate, which depends on T-P condition and other environmental conditions, are essential parameter to evaluate gas recovery from hydrate layer. Like methane hydrate (C1 Hyd), a considerable amount of methane-ethane mixed hydrate (C1-C2 Hyd), which contains methane and ethane molecules as guests, is also found in ocean deposits. When comparing with comparing with C1 Hyd, C1-C2 Hyd can be considered to be more stable (Sloan and Fleyfel, 1992). However, there have been a few information on the dissociation kinetics and dynamic behavior under practical condition is not well understood.

In this study dissociation rates of C1 Hyd and C1-C2 Hyd are determined at a variety of experimental conditions. Both of C1 Hyd

and C1-C2 Hyd are synthesized by an ice-gas interface method. Raman spectrometry and gas chromatograph are used to examine the structure and composition of C1-C2 Hyd, respectively. Obtained information were used to estimate dissociation temperature, heat of dissociation and density of hydrate, which are needed in model calculations below. Then, these samples were dissociated under isothermal, isobaric condition in pure water, and the dissociation rates are determined. Based on one-dimensional thermal conduction theory, an analytical model is used to describe the dissociation behavior of gas hydrates. Moreover, the dissociation behavior of C1-C2 Hyd in viscous fluids such as drilling mud (Berthezene-Hemptinne-Audibert and Argillier, 1999) is also investigated.

EXPERIMENTAL

Determination of Hydrate Composition and the Structure The gases used in this work are pure methane (C1) and

methane?ethane (C1-C2) mixture. The initial composition of C1-C2 mixture used to make C1-C2 Hyd is 0.901(C1)/0.099(C2). All hydrate samples are synthesized in a high-pressure vessel at 270 K and 8.5-10 MPa by ice-gas interface method. To confirm the complete hydration it is necessary to keep the hydrate samples in the vessel at least for 2 days. After the hydration, each sample is quickly transferred to a cold-vessel at 139 K under atmospheric pressure. At this condition, it is reasonable that the hydrate sample can maintain its composition constant without a large change. Recently, some workers reported that more than 98 % of cavities in methane hydrates were filled with methane molecules (Hirai-Kondo-Hasegawa-Yagi-Yamamoto-Komai-Nagashima-Sakashita-Fujihisa and Aoki, 2000). For the measurement of composition of C1-C2 Hyd samples, the temperature of vessel is steadily increased to initiate the dissociation of hydrate. The gases generated from hydrates are instantly collected and used to analyze the composition by a gas chromatograph. A laser Raman microprobe spectrometer (Jobin Yvon Ramanor T6400) with beam spot size of 1 m is used for the structural identification of the mixed hydrates. The refraction right is detected by triple monochrometer and CCD detector. μ

Measurement of dissociation Rate

The hydrate and ice pellets with a size of 12 mm-o.d. and 6 mm-thickness are prepared for the dissociation measurement. The photograph of these pellets used in this work is shown in Fig. 1. The drilling mud mainly consists of water, electrolytes and viscous media such as biopolymer. In this work, XANVIS supplied from TELNITE

Proceedings of The Twelfth(2002)International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference Kitakyushu,Japan,May26–31,2002

ISBN1-880653-58-3(Set);ISSN1098-6189(Set)

CO. LTD. is used as a model mixture of viscous media. The concentration of aqueous XANVIS solutions ranges from 0.2 to 1.2 wt %. A schematic illustration of experimental apparatus used in this work is shown in Fig. 2. The optical cell covered with a sapphire window has an inner volume of about 2ml and maximum pressure of 15 MPa. The gas inlet, outlet and a

thermocouple are also equipped with the cell. Under isothermal and isobaric conditions, water or

XANVIS solutions are injected into the optical cell to initiate the

dissociation. The dissociation rate is determined directly by measuring the time required for complete

dissociation of the hydrates through optical window.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Hydrate Composition and Structure

The experimental results obtained by gas analysis are compared with the model calculation results using CSMHYD (Sloan, 1998). Table 1 shows the difference between these two results. As previously stated, the initial gas composition to make C 1-C 2 Hyd is

0.901(C 1)/0.099(C 2). As can be seen from Table 1, the composition of hydrate phase is found to be 0.714(C 1)/0.286(C 2). It is very close to the model calculation result that this mixture forms only the structure II

hydrate. The Raman spectroscopy is also used to check the result of composition analysis of hydrate phase and depicted in Fig. 3. Each

dotted line shows the spectra intensities obtained from C 1-C 2 mixed gas. As shown in Fig. 3 (b), the peak intensity of methane in large cavity (I L ) has five times large value compared with that in small cavity (I S ) (Sum, Burrus and Sloan, 1997). Moreover, the spectrum obtained at 993.3 cm ?1 can be identified to ethane molecule of the hydrate structure II (Subramanian-Kini-Dec and Sloan, 2000) as shown in Fig. 3 (a). Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that this C 1-C 2 gas mixture

forms the structure II hydrate. These obtained information were used to estimate dissociation temperature, heat of dissociation and density of hydrate, which are needed in model calculations below.

5 mm

Fig. 1 Photograph of hydrate pellet used in this work Height: 6mm, Diameter: 12mm, Weight: 0.48 to 0.52g, Porosity: 0.17 to 0.25 Table 1. Experimental and calculated results of composition analysis of C 1-C 2 Hyd sample. Mixed gas

CH 4/C 2H 6

Experimental Calculated Calculated

Structure - I II Temperature (K) 270 270 270 Pressure (MPa)

8.5

1.42

1.63

Initial gas composition 0.901/0.099 0.900/0.100 0.900/0.100 Mole fraction of hydrate guest 0.714/0.286 0.574/0.426 0.719/0.281

Liquid Cell

Coolant

980

985

990

995

1000

1005

1010

I n t e n s i t y

(a)

993.3cm -1

995.1cm -1

Raman shift (cm-1)

(b)

I S

Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of experimental apparatus 2870

2890

2910

2930

2950

2970

Raman shift (cm-1)

I n t e n s i t y

I L

Fig. 3 Raman spectra of C 1-C 2 Hyd at (a), C ?C starch reason and (b), C ?H starch reason

Dissociation Rate of Gas Hydrate (or Ice) in Water

The analytical model used in this work is based on simple one-dimensional thermal conduction (Kelker-Selim and Sloan, 1998). It is

assumed that the dissociation can occur only at the hydrate ?water

interface and the interface temperature is identical with the equilibrium

dissociation temperature at the system pressure. Thus, the movement of

the water-hydrate (or ice) interface X can be expressed as a function of

time t as follows

t X W 4αξ= (1) where ξ is given by

ξλρρπεξξ)()1(erf D 0W P,H W H

T T C e

??=? (2) where αW stands for thermal diffusivity of water, ρH for density of

hydrate (or ice), ρW for density of water, λH for heat of dissociation of

hydrate (or ice) (Sloan and Fleyfel, 1992), C P, W for heat capacity of

water, T 0 for the experimental temperature, and T D

for the hydrate (or

ice) dissociation temperature. The measured porosity of hydrate ε is

about 0.21 and T D is set by the applied pressure and its gas composition. To confirm the feasibility of the experimental method used in this work, the fusion behavior of pure ice pellet is first examined. As shown in Fig. 4, the time required for complete fusion of ice pellet decreases with increasing the dissociation temperature. In addition the

experimental data are found to be in good agreement with the model calculation results within a maximum deviation of 1.3 min.

0510152025303540273

275

277279281

283

Temperature (K)

T i m e (m i n )

The C 1 Hyd and C 1-C 2 Hyd pellets are also dissociated in pure water

under isothermal and isobaric conditions. The temperature is 279.15 K and the pressure ranges from 0.8 to 4.24 MPa. Fig. 5 shows the time required for complete dissociation of the pellets as a function of pressure. As can be easily seen from Fig. 5, the trend of time profile reveals an exponential fit. It must be noted that the limitation of

pressure is very close to the equilibrium pressure 4.67 MPa at 279.15 K. There is a little large deviation between the experimental and calculated results. It is also found that the experimental data are always larger than calculated values over a whole pressure condition. This may be caused by the influence of gas bubbles generated from gas hydrates on the dissociation rate. Since the existence of bubbles in water can resist the

heat transfer, it has a large influence on the overall dissociation reaction, resulting in the reduction of dissociation. For more accurate calculation by the model, it is necessary to modify and develop the analytical model for considering this bubble dynamics. As shown in Fig. 6, a lot of methane gas bubbles covers not only the surface of hydrates but also the optical window. For the C 1-C 2 Hyd, two different compositions of gas phase are considered in model calculation; 0.9 (C 1)/0.1(C 2) and 0.7(C 1)/0.3(C 2). In case of 0.9 (C 1)/0.1(C 2), it is assumed that the gas composition might not be changed through whole reaction. In contrast, for 0.7 (C 1)/0.3(C 2), it is assumed that the gas composition will be changed from initial

condition because of the gases generated from hydrate. As shown in

Fig. 5, it is evident that the change of gas composition plays a great role in model calculation. The slight changes of gas composition may make a large shift of time profile. In our model calculation, the result for the gas composition of 0.7 (C 1)/0.3(C 2) can reproduce the experimental

data better than the case of 0.9 (C 1)/0.1(C 2). It can be expected, therefore, that the calculated time profile agree well with experimentally observed results only when the gas composition is

almost identical with hydrate phase composition. This result indicates that the knowledge for the composition of hydrate phase would be a strong and essential factor to estimate the dissociation rate of gas

020

6080

234

Pressure (MPa)

T i m

e (m i n )

Fig. 5 Time variations of temperature required for complete dissociation of C 1 and C 1-C 2 Hyd pellets in water

Fig. 4 Time variations of temperature required for complete fusion of ice pellets

(a) Ice-Water (b) C 1 Hyd-Water

Fig. 6 Photograph of ice fusion and hydrate dissociation through optical window. Ice was at 275.15K, C 1 Hyd was at 279.15K, 3.8MPa respectively.

Dissociation Rate of Gas Hydrate in Aqueous XANVIS Solutions

The viscosity of aqueous XANVIS solutions is measured by using a rotary type viscometer at the temperature of 279.15 K and depicted in Fig. 7. The concentration of XANVIS solutions ranges from 0.2 to 1.2 wt %. As the concentration of XANVIS increases, the viscosity of aqueous XANVIS solutions increases dramatically. It is also clear that the XANVIS solutions have non-Newtonian flow behavior as shown in Fig. 7.

The C 1-C 2 Hyd pellets are dissociated in aqueous XANVIS solutions. The temperature and pressure are 279.15 K and 0.1 MPa, respectively. As shown in Fig. 8, the dissociation rate decreases with increasing the concentration of XANVIS. Therefore, it can be concluded that the dissociation rate of gas hydrates in drilling mud fluids is almost

proportional to the concentration of mud fluid. In this study, the change of physical properties such as heat capacity and thermal conductivity by adding XANVIS has not been considered sufficiently. This change may have a considerable influence on the dissociation of gas hydrates. Therefore, our research should be further extended to more complicated system in order to get more accurate description on the dissociation behavior of gas hydrates.

05000

10000150002000025000300000

101520

Shear rate (rpm)

V i s c o s i t y (c P )

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.2

1.4

XANVIS Concentration (%)

T i m e (m i n )

CONCLUSION

The natural gas hydrates, C 1 Hyd and C 1-C 2 Hyd, have been prepared in a high-pressure vessel by ice-gas interface method. By using Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatograph, the structure and composition of C 1-C 2 Hyd are clearly identified. It is found that the composition of hydrate phase is 0.714(C 1)/0.286(C 2) and structure II hydrate can be stabilized by methane and ethane molecules even though they belong to only structure I hydrate-formers.

The dissociation rates of C 1 Hyd and C 1-C 2 Hyd are measured at several isothermal and isobaric conditions in pure water and aqueous XANVIS solutions. And then, they were discussed with analytical model. It has been found that the influence of gas bubbles generated from hydrate phase on the dissociation rate is very strong. The

existence of bubbles in water may resist the heat transfer, resulting in the reduction of dissociation. Especially in C 1-C 2 Hyd system, it can be expected that the calculated time profile agree well with experimentally observed results only when the gas composition is almost identical with hydrate phase composition. This result indicates that the knowledge for the composition of hydrate phase would be a strong and essential factor to estimate the dissociation rate of gas hydrate under sea ground. It is also found that the dissociation rate of gas hydrates in drilling mud fluids is almost proportional to the concentration of mud fluid then it can be suggested that in case of riser drilling, dissociation rate will be slow comparing with the case of no drilling mud.

REFERENCES

Berthezene, N., de Hemptinne, J. C., Audibert, A. and Argillier, J. F.

(1999). “Methane solubility in synthetic oil-based drilling muds.” J. Petro. Sci. Eng., Vol 23, pp 71-81

Hirai, H., Kondo, T., Hasegawa, M., Yagi, T., Yamamoto, Y., Komai,

T., Nagashima, K., Sakashita, M., Fujihisa, H. and Aoki, K. (2000). “Methane hydrate behavior under high pressure,” J. Phys. Chem. B , Vol 104, pp 1429-1433.

Ji, C., Ahmadi, G. and Smith, D.H. (2001). “Natural gas production

from hydrate decomposition by depressurization,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol 56, pp 5801-5814.

Kelker, S.K., Selim, M.S. and Sloan, E.D. (1998). “Hydrate

dissociation rates in pipelines,” Fluid Phase Equilibria , Vol 150, pp 371-382.

Fig. 7 Viscous property of aqueous XANVIS solutions

Okuda, Y. (1993). “Natural gas resources with sherbet like feature-Gas

Hydrate,” Petrotech, Vol 16, pp 300-305.

Sloan, E.D. (1998). Clathrate hydrates of natural gas (2nd ed.),

Marcel Dekker, New York.

Sloan, E.D. and Fleyfel, F. (1992). “Hydrate dissociation enthalpy and

guest size” Fluid Phase Equilibria , Vol 76, pp 123-140

Subramanian, S., Kini, R. A., Dec, S. F. and Sloan, E. D. (2000).

“Evidence of structure II hydrate formation from methane + ethane mixtures,” Chem. Eng. Sci., Vol 55, pp 1981-1999.

Sum, A.K., Burrus, R.C. and Sloan, E.D. (1997). “Measurement of

clathrate hydrates via Raman spectroscopy,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B , Vol 101, pp 7371-7377.

Fig. 8 Time variations of temperature required for complete dissociation of C 1-C 2 Hyd pellets in aqueous XANVIS solution

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1.How to build a business that lasts100years 0:11Imagine that you are a product designer.And you've designed a product,a new type of product,called the human immune system.You're pitching this product to a skeptical,strictly no-nonsense manager.Let's call him Bob.I think we all know at least one Bob,right?How would that go? 0:34Bob,I've got this incredible idea for a completely new type of personal health product.It's called the human immune system.I can see from your face that you're having some problems with this.Don't worry.I know it's very complicated.I don't want to take you through the gory details,I just want to tell you about some of the amazing features of this product.First of all,it cleverly uses redundancy by having millions of copies of each component--leukocytes,white blood cells--before they're actually needed,to create a massive buffer against the unexpected.And it cleverly leverages diversity by having not just leukocytes but B cells,T cells,natural killer cells,antibodies.The components don't really matter.The point is that together,this diversity of different approaches can cope with more or less anything that evolution has been able to throw up.And the design is completely modular.You have the surface barrier of the human skin,you have the very rapidly reacting innate immune system and then you have the highly targeted adaptive immune system.The point is,that if one system fails,another can take over,creating a virtually foolproof system. 1:54I can see I'm losing you,Bob,but stay with me,because here is the really killer feature.The product is completely adaptive.It's able to actually develop targeted antibodies to threats that it's never even met before.It actually also does this with incredible prudence,detecting and reacting to every tiny threat,and furthermore, remembering every previous threat,in case they are ever encountered again.What I'm pitching you today is actually not a stand-alone product.The product is embedded in the larger system of the human body,and it works in complete harmony with that system,to create this unprecedented level of biological protection.So Bob,just tell me honestly,what do you think of my product? 2:47And Bob may say something like,I sincerely appreciate the effort and passion that have gone into your presentation,blah blah blah-- 2:56(Laughter) 2:58But honestly,it's total nonsense.You seem to be saying that the key selling points of your product are that it is inefficient and complex.Didn't they teach you 80-20?And furthermore,you're saying that this product is siloed.It overreacts, makes things up as it goes along and is actually designed for somebody else's benefit. I'm sorry to break it to you,but I don't think this one is a winner.

关于工作的优秀英语演讲稿

关于工作的优秀英语演讲稿 Different people have various ambitions. Some want to be engineers or doctors in the future. Some want to be scientists or businessmen. Still some wish to be teachers or lawers when they grow up in the days to come. Unlike other people, I prefer to be a farmer. However, it is not easy to be a farmer for Iwill be looked upon by others. Anyway,what I am trying to do is to make great contributions to agriculture. It is well known that farming is the basic of the country. Above all, farming is not only a challenge but also a good opportunity for the young. We can also make a big profit by growing vegetables and food in a scientific way. Besides we can apply what we have learned in school to farming. Thus our countryside will become more and more properous. I believe that any man with knowledge can do whatever they can so long as this job can meet his or her interest. All the working position can provide him with a good chance to become a talent. 1 ————来源网络整理，仅供供参考

个人先进事迹简介

个人先进事迹简介 01 在思想政治方面,xxxx同学积极向上,热爱祖国、热爱中国共产党,拥护中国共产党的领导.利用课余时间和党课机会认真学习政治理论,积极向党组织靠拢. 在学习上,xxxx同学认为只有把学习成绩确实提高才能为将来的实践打下扎实的基础,成为社会有用人才.学习努力、成绩优良. 在生活中,善于与人沟通,乐观向上,乐于助人.有健全的人格意识和良好的心理素质和从容、坦诚、乐观、快乐的生活态度,乐于帮助身边的同学,受到师生的好评. 02 xxx同学认真学习政治理论,积极上进,在校期间获得原院级三好生,和校级三好生,优秀团员称号,并获得三等奖学金. 在学习上遇到不理解的地方也常常向老师请教,还勇于向老师提出质疑.在完成自己学业的同时,能主动帮助其他同学解决学习上的难题,和其他同学共同探讨,共同进步. 在社会实践方面,xxxx同学参与了中国儿童文学精品“悦”读书系,插画绘制工作,xxxx同学在班中担任宣传委员,工作积极主动,认真负责,有较强的组织能力.能够在老师、班主任的指导下独立完成学院、班级布置的各项工作. 03 xxx同学在政治思想方面积极进取,严格要求自己.在学习方面刻苦努力,不断钻研,学习成绩优异,连续两年荣获国家励志奖学金；作

为一名学生干部,她总是充满激情的迎接并完成各项工作,荣获优秀团干部称号.在社会实践和志愿者活动中起到模范带头作用. 04 xxxx同学在思想方面,积极要求进步,为人诚实,尊敬师长.严格要求自己.在大一期间就积极参加了党课初、高级班的学习,拥护中国共产党的领导,并积极向党组织靠拢. 在工作上,作为班中的学习委员,对待工作兢兢业业、尽职尽责的完成班集体的各项工作任务.并在班级和系里能够起骨干带头作用.热心为同学服务,工作责任心强. 在学习上,学习目的明确、态度端正、刻苦努力,连续两学年在班级的综合测评排名中获得第1.并荣获院级二等奖学金、三好生、优秀班干部、优秀团员等奖项. 在社会实践方面,积极参加学校和班级组织的各项政治活动,并在志愿者活动中起到模范带头作用.积极锻炼身体.能够处理好学习与工作的关系,乐于助人,团结班中每一位同学,谦虚好学,受到师生的好评. 05 在思想方面,xxxx同学积极向上,热爱祖国、热爱中国共产党,拥护中国共产党的领导.作为一名共产党员时刻起到积极的带头作用,利用课余时间和党课机会认真学习政治理论. 在工作上,作为班中的团支部书记,xxxx同学积极策划组织各类团活动,具有良好的组织能力. 在学习上,xxxx同学学习努力、成绩优良、并热心帮助在学习上有困难的同学,连续两年获得二等奖学金. 在生活中,善于与人沟通,乐观向上,乐于助人.有健全的人格意识和良好的心理素质.

自我管理演讲稿英语翻译

尊敬的领导，老师，亲爱的同学们，大家好！我是5班的梁浩东。今天早上我坐车来学校的路上，我仔细观察了路上形形色色的人，有开着小车衣着精致的叔叔阿姨，有市场带着倦容的卖各种早点的阿姨，还有偶尔穿梭于人群中衣衫褴褛的乞丐。于是我问自己，十几年后我会成为怎样的自己，想成为社会成功人士还是碌碌无为的人呢，答案肯定是前者。那么十几年后我怎样才能如愿以偿呢，成为一个受人尊重，有价值的人呢？正如我今天演讲的题目是：自主管理。大家都知道爱玩是我们孩子的天性，学习也是我们的责任和义务。要怎样处理好这些矛盾，提高自主管理呢？首先，我们要有小主人翁思想，自己做自己的主人，要认识到我们学习，生活这一切都是我们自己走自己的人生路，并不是为了报答父母，更不是为了敷衍老师。我认为自主管理又可以理解为自我管理，在学习和生活中无处不在，比如通过老师，小组长来管理约束行为和同学们对自身行为的管理都属于自我管理。比如我们到一个旅游景点，看到一块大石头，有的同学特别兴奋，会想在上面刻上：某某某到此一游话。这时你就需要自我管理，你需要提醒自己，这样做会破坏景点，而且是一种素质低下的表现。你设想一下，如果别人家小孩去你家墙上乱涂乱画，你是何种感受。同样我们把自主管理放到学习上，在我们想偷懒，想逃避，想放弃的时候，我们可以通过自主管理来避免这些，通过他人或者自己的力量来完成。例如我会制定作息时间计划表，里面包括学习，运动，玩耍等内容的完成时间。那些学校学习尖子，他们学习好是智商高于我们吗，其实不然，在我所了解的哪些优秀的学霸传授经验里，就提到要能够自我管理，规范好学习时间的分分秒秒，只有辛勤的付出，才能取得优异成绩。在现实生活中，无数成功人士告诉我们自主管理的重要性。十几年后我想成为一位优秀的，为国家多做贡献的人。亲爱的同学们，你们们？让我们从现在开始重视和执行自主管理，十几年后成为那个你想成为的人。谢谢大家！

uncivilized behavior

Uncivilized behavior of Chinese tourists “You see, it’s common, most people didn’t care”said by one female tourist who is just throwing trash on the San Ya beach which has already been reduced to a dumping ground. When the beautiful island meets holiday crowd, under the hustling and bustling scene, we absolutely startled by the carving “Dao ci yi you”, dumbling beer bottles, spilling peels and half-burned branches. These facts are still far from enough.Uncivilized behavior makes headlines in the National Day holidays. At the memorable flag-raising ceremony at Tiananmen Square on October 1, over 120,000 participants left five tons of trash behind after showing their respect to the country. Sometimes, you could not find a place to sit –men take up all the benches in the park, lying full-length and blissfully snoring the afternoon away.Spitting, talking loudly and random littering are frequent scenes in tourist attractions. Countless visitors allow their children to use the city streets as a toilet, even though there is a toilet nearby. Newsstand and bookshop proprietors also suffer from bad-mannered people who tear the wrappers off magazines and read the contents without buying them. Bookstore visitors ignore the signs of asking them to rest only in designated areas instead of sitting on the stairwell. Similar stories are testing the tolerance of public opinion almost every day. We could be denied those undesirable manner. Nevertheless, it will be more persuasive to point out that China's tourism industry is not developing in a gradual way, but in a blowout manner. Growing wealth enables more Chinese people to seek leisure and fulfillment from traveling. Considering China's large population, some problems and challenges must emerge at the same time.We might be disappointed but not be desperate. Objectively speaking, before the national holiday, civilized traveling aroused surges of attention such as Wechat hot debate, media focus, screen exposure, which is beyond the past several years.Under the supervision of public opinion, the index of civilized golden week presents positive improvement. However,it’s still a serious short board that reflects on Chinese social moral deficiency. Not only should we take it seriously, but also wake up the consciousness of citizen responsibility and turn it in to action to make up. Forming harmonious social morality as if human’s maturation. We need time. I do believe the enlightened public moral education combined with perfected facilities will take several generations to nurture civilized behavior and display a positive image of Chinese tourists.

关于工作的英语演讲稿

关于工作的英语演讲稿【篇一：关于工作的英语演讲稿】关于工作的英语演讲稿 different people have various ambitions. some want to be engineers or doctors in the future. some want to be scientists or businessmen. still some wish to be teachers or lawers when they grow up in the days to come. unlike other people, i prefer to be a farmer. however, it is not easy to be a farmer for iwill be looked upon by others. anyway,what i am trying to do is to make great contributions to agriculture. it is well known that farming is the basic of the country. above all, farming is not only a challenge but also a good opportunity for the young. we can also make a big profit by growing vegetables and food in a scientific way. besides we can apply what we have learned in school to farming. thus our countryside will become more and more properous. i believe that any man with knowledge can do whatever they can so long as this job can meet his or her interest. all the working position can provide him with a good chance to become a talent. 【篇二：关于责任感的英语演讲稿】 im grateful that ive been given this opportunity to stand here as a spokesman. facing all of you on the stage, i have the exciting feeling of participating in this speech competition. the topic today is what we cannot afford to lose. if you ask me this question, i must tell you that i think the answer is a word---- responsibility. in my elementary years, there was a little girl in the class who worked very hard, however she could never do satisfactorily in her lessons. the teacher asked me to help her, and it was obvious that she expected a lot from me. but as a young boy, i was so restless and thoughtless, i always tried to get more time to play and enjoy myself. so she was always slighted over by me. one day before the final exam, she came up to me and said, could you please explain this to me? i can not understand it. i

关于时间管理的英语演讲

Dear teacher and colleagues: my topic is on “spare time”. It is a huge blessing that we can work 996. Jack Ma said at an Ali's internal communication activity, That means we should work at 9am to 9pm, 6 days a week .I question the entire premise of this piece. but I'm always interested in hearing what successful and especially rich people come up with time .So I finally found out Jack Ma also had said :”i f you don’t put out more time and energy than others ,how can you achieve the success you want? If you do not do 996 when you are young ,when will you ?”I quite agree with the idea that young people should fight for success .But there are a lot of survival activities to do in a day ,I want to focus on how much time they take from us and what can we do with the rest of the time. As all we known ,There are 168 hours in a week .We sleep roughly seven-and-a-half and eight hours a day .so around 56 hours a week . maybe it is slightly different for someone . We do our personal things like eating and bathing and maybe looking after kids -about three hours a day .so around 21 hours a week .And if you are working a full time job ,so 40 hours a week , Oh! Maybe it is impossible for us at