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译林版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点复习归类

Unit 1 Past and present

词汇拓展

1.marry v. →married (adj.) 已婚的

2. communicate v. →communication (n.)

3. north n. →northern (adj.)

4. wife n. → wives(复数)

5. interview v. →interviewer (n.) 采访者

6.recent adj. →recently (adv.)

7.exact adj. →exactly (adv.)

8.pollute v. →pollution(n.)

重点短语

1.和…玩play with sb

2.不再…not …any more=no more

3.不同时期的交通工具transport at different times

4.阳光镇的变化the changes to Sunshine Town

5.非常了解这个地方know the place well

6.从那时起since then

自从2005年以来since 2005

自从去年以来since last year

自从三个星期前以来since three weeks ago

7.搬家move house

搬到南京move to Nanjing

搬走move away

搬出move out of

搬进一座新公寓move to/ into a new flat

8.在…南部in the southern part of

9.结婚get married 已经结婚…have been married for

和某人结婚be/ get married to sb/ marry sb 把某人嫁给某人marry sb. to sb.

10.变化很大change a lot change into 变成

change n.改变（可数）找零，零钱（不可数）

11.在过去in the past 在现在at present

12.这些年以来over/ during the years

13.把…变成…turn …into… 翻到turn to

14.打牌play cards 下中国象棋play Chinese chess

15.愉快的假期pleasant holiday

16.玩得很开心have a pleasant time

17.水污染water pollution 噪音污染noise pollution减少污染reduce the pollution

18.过去经常做某事used to do sth

19.像以前一样经常地…as often as before

20.把…排进/ 倒进…dump… into…

21.一个很严重的问题a very serious problem

22.采取行动做某事take action to do sth

23.在某种程度上in some ways 顺便问一下by the way

在去…的路上on the way to…挡路in the way

24.开阔的空间/ 户外活动场所open space

25.不时地，偶尔from time to time

26. 一处自然景点地方a place of natural beauty

27.从…借…borrow sth from sb借给某人…/把…借给…lend sb sth= lend sth to sb

28.在使用中be in use= be in service

29.带…去…take sb to …

30.独自地on one’s own= by oneself= alone

31.有同感have the same feeling

32.青山环绕green hills around

33.清新的空气fresh air

34.良好的环境a good environment

35.发展缓慢less development

36.离…远be far (away) from 两个街区远two blocks away 离…近be close to…

37.给…造成许多麻烦cause many problems for…

38.近期照片recent photos 在近几年中in recent years

39. …的反义词the opposite of…

40.有好运have good luck

41.把…扔掉throw sth away

42.写一篇有关阳光镇的文章write an article on Sunshine Town

43.在过去的一个世纪over the past century

44.关于北京的过去和现在about Beijing’s past and present

45.感冒have a cold 患重感冒have a bad cold

46.受到某人的来信hear from sb= receive a letter from

47.乘飞机旅行travel by plane/ by air

48.享受阳光和沙滩enjoy the sun and the beach

49.走遍城市go around the city

50.返回return =get back return to 回到，归还

51.出国go abroad 国内外at home and abroad

52.和…保持联系keep in touch with

Comic strip & Welcome to the unit

1：past and present

（1）past

①n. 过去，以前；in the past 在过去

In the past, there was no underground in Nanjing.

People lived a hard life in the past.

②adj. 过去的，以前的；in/over/during the past/last few years 在过去的几年里

常用于现在完成时

Let’s not make the past mistakes.

He has visited many foreign countries in the past few years.

③prep. 过half past ten 十点半

Our car was past the Tian’anmen Square when it broke down.

④adv. 经过go/walk/run/ride/drive/swim past sp. = pass sp.

A woman saw it happen when she walked past.

When I walk past the post office, I see a bird flying over the tree.

（2）present

①adj.现在的; 目前的; 出席的be present at the meeting 出席会议

①n.现在; 礼物; at present 现在；a present for you=a gift for you给你的礼物

He is busy at present.

①vt.介绍; 出现; 提出; 赠送; present sb. with sth.

Everyone can be present ed a present at present.

2：You’ve changed, Eddie. You used to share food with me.你变了。你以前跟我分享食物的。

（1）change: vt./vi. 改变，变更; change into变成

n.变化，改变; change(s) to ...的变化

Great changes to Nanjing have taken place.

（2）use n.用途; 使用能力; 运用头脑（或身体）的能力;

vt.用，使用; 行使，

①used to (do sth.) “过去常常(做某事)” 否定形式：used not to+v.或didn’t use to+v.

疑问形式：Used sb. to v.? Yes, sb used./No, sb usedn’t.

或Did sb. use to+v.? Yes, sb did./No, sb didn’t.

①get/be used to(doing sth. )“习惯于(做某事)

He used to go fishing every Saturday. But since he changed his job, he’s barely(几乎不) had a chance. He thinks he’ll never be used to this busy lifestyle.

①be used to do sth. 被用来做某事

useful adj. 有用的；useless adj. 无用的

Reading

1：I first lived in the northern part of the town with my parents.

Beijing is in the northern part of China.

批注：注意in the north与in the northern part of 的同义句转换。例如：

Beijing is in the north of China.=Beijing is in the northern part of China.

2：When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we’ve lived in this area since then.当我1965结婚的时候，我的妻子和我搬到了两个街区之外，从那之后我一直住在那个地方。

（1）marry:

①vt.& vi.（使）结婚; 娶; 嫁; 结合;

marry sb = get married to sb 与某人结婚marry A to B 把A嫁给B

②adj. married 已婚的; 短语：A and B get married /A get(s) married to B

③n. marriage 婚姻

Some young couples got married on that day.

（2）move: vt.& vi.移动，搬动; 使感动

move away 搬走move into 搬进move out of 搬出...

Every year millions of people moved into the city while millions of people moved away.

3：Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.

turn into 进入，拐进；（使）成为，（使）进入turn... into... = change...into... 把...变成

Bad beginnings may turn into good endings.

I saw him turn into the library.

How can you turn a bottle of water into a bottle of orange juice?

turn on开turn off 关turn up 调高；开大(音量、煤气等)

turn down 调低；关小(音量、煤气、灯火等) turn around 转身

turn over把……翻过来turn back 往回走turn left 向左转turn right 向右转

by turns 轮流，交替in turn 依次；轮流turn in 交出；上交

take one’s turn 依次；轮流It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。

4：There was once a steel factory near the Sunshine River.阳光河附近曾经有一个钢铁厂。once: adv.曾经=used to

There was once a shopping centre here.=There used to be a shopping centre here.

n.一次，一回; = one time

I am used to doing exercise once a week.

5：They often put the waste into the river.他们经常把垃圾放到河里。

(1)put sth into 把……放进，使进入

Please put the food into the fridge.

put away 拿走，储存…备用put back放回；向后移

put down写下；记下put on 穿上

put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭

put up 举起；抬起；张贴

(2)①waste n(u). 废弃物，垃圾，浪费

时间/金钱的浪费 a waste of time/money

②v. 浪费waste...on sth / waste...(in)doing sth

We should save water instead of wasting it.

Don’t waste time playing games.

③adj. 无法利用的，废弃的waste land, waste paper

6：Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。

（1）realize v. 意识到；实现=come true

realize sth, realize that/wh-疑问词

My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.

He has realized his mistakes/what I mean.

The villagers didn’t realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died.

（2）improve v 提高；改善；改进

n. improvement 提高，改进；

improve the living standard提高生活水平;

improve your English 改善你的英语；

Do you know how to improve your memory?

（3）situation n. 形势，情况

The economic situation is now different. 现在经济情势不同了。

7: Now the river is much cleaner. 现在河流干净了很多。

此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot;

--How do you feel today? --Even worse.

8: Well, in some ways it is. 好的，在某种程度上它是。

in some ways 在某些方面，在某种程度上

In some ways, I do agree with you.

1. in many ways 在许多方面；用许多方法；in this way用这种方法；

2. on one’s way to表示“在某人去……的路上”；(home/here/there这几个词前不需要加to)

3. by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”；

4. all the way表示“全程；一直”；

5. in a way在某一点上,在某种程度上

6. in the way 挡道in the way of sb挡在某人路上

9:It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对我们来说像以前一样的经常见面已经变得不可能了。

（1）此处的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to see each other.

常用句型：It is +adj+ for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的。

It is dangerous for us to go out alone at night.

（2）as often as before 像以前一样的经常as ... as 像一样。

10:Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 现在我经常会感到有点孤单。

（1）lonely: adj.孤独的，孤单的; 寂寞的; 荒凉的

feel lonely, a lonely person, live in a lonely village

alone adv./adj. 单独,独自=by oneself=on one’s own

1.Our teacher asks us to finish the task alone.

=Our teacher asks us to finish the task by ourselves.

=Our teacher asks us to finish the task on our own.

2. My grandma lives alone, so she feels lonely sometimes.

（2）time: n 时间; 次数;时代(常用复数)

at the same time 同时in time及时；适时on time 按时，准时；按时

all the time 始终，一直at a time 一次；每次；在某时

from time to time 不时，有时for the first time 首次；第一次

（3）a bit + adj./adv. = a little + adj./ adv. 有点...

a little +不可数名词= a bit of +不可数名词

I find the watch a little expensive.

Grammar

1.现在完成时的含义

A. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。

如：Mike borrowed the book two days ago. (两天前借了书，但是现在有没有还不知道) Mike has kept the book for two days. (借了这本书两天，这本书还在麦克那里)

He has taught here since 1981. （可能还要继续教）

I haven't seen her for four years. （我已经四年没有见过她了。）

B．表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。即用过去发生的某个行为来说明现在的某种情况。

如：She has gone.

(她走了，这里可看出”走“的动作时过去发生的，而对现在造成的结果她不在这里了。)

We are good friends. (现在的情况）

I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）

We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）2. 现在完成时的构成

（一）肯定式主语＋助动词have／has＋过去分词＋其它

例：I’ve just copied all the new words.我刚抄写了所有的生词。(表示不要再抄了)（二）否定式

主语＋助动词have／has＋not＋过去分词＋其它

1）I haven't finished my homework yet. 我还没有完成我的作业。

注：有时not可以用never代替，表示“从来没有”的意思。

又如：

2）I have never seen him before. 以前我从来没有见过他。

（三）一般疑问式

助动词Have／Has＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？

例：—Have you ever made dumplings? 你曾经做过饺子吗？

—Yes, I have. 是的，我做过。

注意：当句中有否定词not, hardly（几乎不）, never的时候，在改为反意疑问句时，附加部分用肯定形式。

例如：You have never come to our school, have you? 你以前从来没有来过我们学校，是吗？

3.动词过去分词的构成方法

A. 规则变化。规则变化与过去式相同。

a. 通常加-ed，如：visited，finished。

b. 以不发音的e结尾的直接加d，如：lived，moved。

c. 重读闭音节的双写最后一个辅音加-ed，如：travelled，planned。

d. 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把y变为i再加ed，如：studied，cried。

B. 不规则变化。（需逐一记忆）

4.与现在完成时连用的时间状语

a.用副词already和yet

already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。yet用于疑问句，表示“已经”；用于否定句，表示“还”。

如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。

They haven’t finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。

Have you finished your homework yet? 你已经完成你的家庭作业了吗？

b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。

如：---Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

---I have never been to the Great Wall.

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如recently, just, before, up to now, the past few years等

I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.

He has been there three times the last few days.

I haven’t eaten Guangdong food before．我以前没吃过广东菜。

d.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。

如：--Have you met him today? -No, I haven’t.

How many times have you been there this year?

5.现在完成时的句型

a. It is the first / second/… time that+从句（从句用现在完成时）

It is the first time that she has visited the city. 这是她第一次参观这座城市。

b.This is the +形容词最高级+名词that +从句（从句用现在完成时）

This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我曾看过的最好电影。

I must say that it's the best model I have ever seen. 这是我玩过的最有趣的游戏。

c. It’s +一段时间+since从句(或It has been +一段时间+since从句).

自从某事发生已有一段时间了。

It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.

It’s over twenty years since we last met.

It’s a long time since our last vacation.

6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时与一般过去时都表示“动作已经发生”，但不同点在于：

现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，即对现在产生的结果、影响等，

而一般过去时只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。

He has learned French for three years.他学法语已经三年了。

He learned French for three years.他曾经学过三年法语。

Who has taken my bag? I couldn’t find it.谁拿走了我的包？我找不到了？

He cleaned the house yesterday.他昨天打扫过房间。

The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already.房间很干净，因为他已经打扫过了。

现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用，而一般过去时则可以。

He has done some washing.

He did some washing yesterday. 他昨天洗衣服了。

Integrated skills&Study skills&Task

1. Starlight Town has changed a lot over the years.星光镇在过去几年中变化很大。

=There have been great changes in Starlight Town.

=Great changes have taken place in Starlight Town.

（1）① change vt. 变化，改变

Where did you change your plane?

① change cn. 变化，改变

Great changes have taken place since 1976.

①change un. 零钱

Here is your change.

（2）over the years “历年；多年来；多年以来” 相当于during the years，常与现在完成时连用。

在过去的五年里over/during/in the last/past five years

例：This village _hasn’t changed_ (not change) over the years.

2. We mainly communicate by email. 我们主要通过电子邮件交流。

①communicate vt. 传达（新闻，意见，感情等）

The little boy can’t communicate his ideas clearly.

①communicate vi. 交流；沟通；通讯

communicate with sb. 和某人沟通交流

He had no way to communicate with his brother.

①communication n. 交流；沟通；通讯

3. It’s nice to have open space and pretty gardens. 有露天的空间和漂亮的花园真好。open的用法

open space意为“露天的空间、空地”。其中open是形容词，意为“未围上的；开阔的”。Children like to run around in the open fields. 孩子们喜欢在广阔的田野上追逐玩耍。open作形容词，还可以表示“开着的”；反义词是closed，意为“关着的”。

The door is open now. 门现在是开着的。

open还可以作动词，意为“开，打开”；反义词是close，意为“关，关闭”。

Please open the window. 请把窗户打开。

It is good to open all the windows and air the rooms.

打开所有窗户，给房间通通风是有益的。

4. A river runs through the center of town.一条河横穿镇中心。

辨析：across & through

1)across横穿，与十字路口形成十字，而through指在立体空间中的穿过。

go through the forest 穿过森林go across the street 穿过大街

2)through表示贯通，直穿，透过，穿过，即从一边贯穿到另一边。

The river runs through our city.

3)across 表示横穿，横过，横渡，横跨

I swam across the Changjiang River 20 years ago.

新人教版八年级英语下册各知识点归纳总结

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八年级上册英语知识点总结完整版

八年级上册英语知识点总结完整版 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 本单元的话题：谈论假期活动内容，复习一般过去时。本单元的语法：1.复习一般过去时；2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。 2.不定代词和不定副词的用法：（1）左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing 构成不定代词，some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where 构成不定副词；（2）一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句，以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句；以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义（no one为两个单词）；（3）不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面。 He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。（肯定句用something，形容词important放后） Did you buy anything special? （一般疑问句用anything，形容词special放后） Did you go anywhere interesting last month?上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗？ (一般疑问句用不定副词anywhere，形容词interesting放后) （4）不定代词和不定副词做主语时，后面的动词用单数形式。

Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。本单元的短语和知识点： 1. go on vacation去度假go to the mountains 上山/进山 2.stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩visit museums 参观博物馆go to summer camp去参观夏令营 3. study for tests为考试而学习\备考go out出去 4. quite a few相当多,不少（后跟可数名词复数）take photos照相most of the time大部分时间 5.buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物 6. taste good. 尝起来很好 taste（尝起来）、look（看起来）、sound（听起来）为感官动词，后跟形容词 7.have a good\great\fun time过得高兴，玩得愉快（=enjoy oneself） 8. go shopping去购物9. nothing…but+动词原形：除了……之外什么都没有 He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。 10. seem to do sth:好像… I seem to know him.我好像认识他。seem+（to be）+形容词：看起来…The work seems（to be）easy.这工作看起来很容易。 11.keep a diary记日记 12. in+大地方：达到某地（get to +地方：达到某地） arrive at+小地方：达到某地(get的过去式为got)

新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳总结

八年级英语下册知识点第1页共17 页新人教版八年级英语下册知识点归纳 Unit 1 What ’s the matter? 重点短语: have a stomachache have a cold lie down take one ’s temperature have a f ever go to a doctor to one ’s surprise agree to (do sth.) get into trouble be used to take risks run out (of) cut off get out of be in control of keep on ( doing sth.） give up 语言知识归纳： 1. What ’s the matter (with you)? 此句用来询问别人的病情。类似的句子还有：What ’s wrong with you?/ What ’s the trouble?matter 作动词用，意为“要紧”“有关系”，主要用于疑问句和否定句。What does it matter? It doesn ’t matter.【例题】Does it ________ if we can ’t finish it today? A. mind B. minds C. matter D. matters 2. I have a sore throat. have “患病”，常用“have a /an+ 名词”．have a cold have a fever have a sore back have a stomachache have a cough 【例题】( )---Does he often have ______ cold? ---Yes. He also _____a cough and a sore throat. A. a; has B. /; has C. a; have D. /; have 3.Lie down and rest! 躺下休息 lie down 躺下4.That ’s probably why. 那可能就是原因。probably 意为“很可能，大概”，表示的可能性很大，是一种近乎肯定的意思。5.hurt v.使受伤；伤害；疼痛 He hurt his leg when he fell. 他摔伤的时候伤了腿。My feelings were hurt when he didn ’t ask me to the party.他没有请我参加聚会使我很伤心。6.The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping...公交车司机，24岁的王平…… 24-year-old 是用连字符连接数字和名词所构成的一个形容词结构，意思是“24岁的”。（名词必须用单数，常用在名词前做定语）【例题】A____girl named DongXinyi looked after her disabled father. A. three-year-old B. three-years-old C. Three years old 7.expect vt. 期待；预期；期盼 expect 的常见用法:expect+名词/代词The old man is expecting his d aughter ’ｓ visit. expect to do sth. I expect to get a birthday present from my dad. expect sb. to do sth. Do you expect him to teach you English? 单词词义过去式过去分词现在分词lie 说谎lied lied lying lie 躺，平放 lay lain lying