大学英语四级听力考试新题型解读

大学英语四级听力考试新题型解读

大学英语四级听力考试新题型解读

作者：方振宇信息来源：振宇英语网

一、四级考试对听力能力的要求

《大学英语课程教学基本要求》对学生英语听力能力的一般要求(即四级水平)可以量化为：能听懂英语授课、能听懂日常英语谈话和一般性题材讲座、能基本听懂英语慢速节目，语速130词每分钟，并能运用基本听力技巧帮助理解中心思想和信息要点，准确率不低于70%。

二、四级听力考试的演变过程

从1987年到2006年，听力测试一直是四级考试中的第一项内容, 传统的听力测试形式分为两部分, 对话理解和短文理解。对话部分一般包括10 个对话，涉及到英美生活的不同侧面和英语表达的不同意念和功能。短文部分一般有三个段落，总计10个问题，分别涉及到考生对短文中重要信息或是重要细节的把握和理解。过去几年里，四级听力测试的形式在不断翻新变化，增加了听写填空和复合式听写。

2006年12月，新四级考试在全国范围内新鲜出炉，变化最大的就是听力部分。从考试大纲

到样题、乃至已经用过的真题听力，不难发现：对话部分保留了8个传统形式的短对话，增加了2组长对话，每组6—10 个话轮，两组共7个问题，每题有四个选项。短文听力仍然为三个段落，段落长度在200—240词左右，总共10个问题；复合式听写要听三遍，补全8个单词，根据意思写出三个句子，文章长读为240到280个单词。

三、新四级听力考试的题型分析

八个短对话理解的题型一般有时间数字，地点方位，身份关系，行动计划，观点态度，请求建议，事实状况等。

两组长对话的理解题型一般随对话的交替而追问事件的先后次序、事件的因果关系、事件的逻辑对比和对照等关系，以及对话一方的行为和打算等。

短文理解一般由三篇题材熟悉，内容难度适当，话题比较流行，字数在250字左右的小品文或者小故事组成。每篇文章之后有2—3个问题，问题往往涉及到考生对短文中重要细节，中心思

想，作者态度，特殊词汇的理解。考生在短文理解中的难点在于信息量大，很难记住听到的信息。再加上选项设计模棱两可，就更增加了排除的难度。

复合式听写包括两个部分，第一部分：前八个空格要求考生根据磁带内容准确地填出空格所缺词汇，一般为每空一个单词。第二部分：后三个空格要求考生听完后根据自己的理解写出文章中所缺少的信息。考生可以根据正确理解，用自己的话语，也可以用听到的原文。复合式听写的短文长度一般为250词左右，全文朗读三遍，第二遍速度较慢，中间有停顿。整个考试时间为15 分钟。

四、新四级听力的应对策略

(1)关于短对话听力的应对策略：

八个短对话按照真题分析可以归纳为如下场景：校园场景(宿舍、教室、实验室、图书馆等高频词汇)、天气场景(天气变化、温度变化、降水、降雪、风沙等灾害性天气)、医院场景(问

诊、问候、问药)、面试场景(个人爱好、兴趣、教育背景、工作经历、对应聘职位的了解和期盼、对工资待遇和上班时间的特殊要求等)、租房场景(租金、押金以及数额、支付方式、房客应遵循的规则、对房屋设施等的介绍)、娱乐场景(影院、剧院、舞厅、球场、游泳等娱乐设施)、餐馆场景(定座、点菜、结账、小费、投诉等场景词汇)。英语交际通常使用一种模式化的语言，在固定的场景中其词汇和表达也相对比较固定，平时注意积累场景高频词汇和习惯表达，考生只要在复习时重点突出，强化训练，就可以在四级听力短对话部分做到未听半知的状态。

短对话听力测试突破的第二个途径就是分析选项，因为客观题目的选项设计一般都有其内在的逻辑关系，有些相互印证，有些截然对立，还有些毫不相关，但是至少可以帮助考生提示关键词汇和表达，所以抢时间阅读选项就非常重要。虽然短对话的选项设计更加复杂，但是绝大多数情况下还是遵循“同义词替换”的原则。

(2)两组长对话是个新生事物，对学生短时记

忆和快速提取信息的能力提出了更为严峻的挑战。长对话分值为7%，难度上增加不大，但是话轮的频繁更替使部分考生不太适应。建议学生训练时要抓紧时间审题、读选项、做笔记，否则考试中很难适应。

(3)短文听力一般由三个自然段构成，体裁涉及范围变化不大，而且重复率较高。基本上以议论文、说明文和记叙文三大体裁为听力素材的基本内容。听力理解的短文每段一般有三到四个问题，问题往往涉及议论文的论点、分论点、典型论据以及结论和作者态度方面等；而说明文则就所说明的对象、它的典型特征、主要步骤和关键细节等提问；记叙文则以考察事情的起因、经过和结果等要素为提问的核心内容。短文听力理解和短文阅读理解的不同之处就在于口头信息转瞬消失，所以考生必须注意：

(a)充分利用问题后面的选项提示，大胆预测短文的内容。

(b)及时做好听力笔记，摘要记录关键信息。

(c)抓住问题的含义，进行正确推导。

(d)利用题目之间的选项关系进行适度地类

推和印证，从而得出正确答案。

短文听力对考生的语言感知能力、逻辑思维能力、短时记忆能力都是一个挑战。考生只有在多读、多听的基础上才能提高短文理解的准确率。

(4)复合式听写的短文长度一般为250字左右, 全文通读三遍, 要求考生在第一遍后能够了解材料的主要内容和关键信息。第二遍要求考生根据听到的内容将短文中缺少的词汇填空, 第二遍朗读速度较慢。第三遍阅读速度最快，要求考生检查听写的内容。听写填空对于四级考生来讲，主要难度在于词汇的掌握和理解，尤其是测试中常见的高频词汇。

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2017年6月大学英语四级听力真题和答案

2017年6月大学英语四级听力真题和答案

2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案 (第一套) Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1.A) The man in the car was absent-minded. B) The test driver made a wrong judgment. C) The self-driving system was faulty. D) The car was moving at a fast speed. 2. A) They have done better than conventional cars. B) They have caused several severe crashes. C) They have posed a threat to other drivers. D) They have generally done quite well. Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 3. A) He works at a national park. B) He is a queen been specialist. C) He removed the beyond from the boot. D) He drove the bees away from his car. 4. A) They were looking after the queen B) They were making a lot of noise C) They were looking for a new box to live in 第2页共 18 页