2008年职称英语考试综合类(A级)试题及答案

2008年度全国职称英语等级考试试题

综合类（A级）试题

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. With immense relief, I Stopped running.

A some

B enormous

C little

D extensive

2. The scientists began to accumulate data.

A collect

B handle

C analyze

D investigate

3. Jack eventually overtook the last truck.

A hit

B passed

C reached

D led

4. Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.

A possible

B profitable

C easy

D wise

5. The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.

A fact

B mystery

C statement

D game

6. That guy is really witty.

A smart

B ugly

C honorable

D popular

7. The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.

A reasonable

B dramatic

C humiliating

D horrifying

8. It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.

A prepared

B trained

C qualified

D guided

9. This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.

A praises

B writes

C imitates

D describes

10. The meaning is still obscure.

A vague

B transparent

C alien

D significant

11. Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.

A destroy

B decrease

C delay

D pollute

12. One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.

A assumes

B expects

C predicts

D considers

13. It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.

A remember

B follow

C understand

D learn

14. I hope that I didn?t do anything absurd last night.

A awkward

B strange

C stupid

D awful

15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.

A forbid

B advocate

C inherit

D withdraw

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

What Is Globalization?

It was the anti-globalization movement that really put globalization on the map. As a word it has existed since the 1960s, but the protests against this allegedly new process, which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering people?s lives, brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs.

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the business model called the “globalized” financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world it touched. Globalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business, or running financial markets--it became a process. From then on the word took on a life of its own.

So how does the globalized market work? It is modern communications that make it possible; for the British service sector to deal with its customers through a call centre in India, or for a sportswear（运动服）manufacturer to design its products in Europe, make them in south east Asia and sell them in north America.

But this is where the anti—globalization side gets stuck in（关注）. If these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled from overseas, then the creation of a globalized economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations, or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place.

Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil, or that globalized corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations. Some say that the spread of globalization, free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat poverty—the only problem is that free markets and free trade do not yet truly exist.

Globalization can be seen as a positive, negative or even marginal process. And regardless of whether it works for good or ill, globalization?s exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose, support or simply observe it.

16. Globalization is a term used only in the financial and academic worlds.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

17. Globalization can be best understood as a way of doing business.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

18. Modern communications play an important role in globalization.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

19. Britain has benefited quite a lot from globalization.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

20. The opponent believes that globalization will keep the poorer nations in poverty.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

21. The opponents think that globalization corporations have more power than nations.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

22. Free markets and free trade will eventually prevail.

A Right

B Wrong

C Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

A New Citizenship Test

1 Last week, a sample of the new US citizenship（公民身份）exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services（US-CLS ）. It will be tried out in 1 0 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008. Instead of asking how many stripes the US flag has, as the current test does, the new one asks why there are 13 stripes. Instead of having to name the branches of government, an applicant is asked to explain why there are three.

2 “The goal is to make it more meaningful.” explains Emilio Gonzalez, director of the US-CIS. Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better “understanding and respect” for US civic（公民的）values, Gonzalez says.

3 The US isn?t the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a “shared commitment” from immigrants for their adopted country?s “values”. In recent years, in addition to the usual requirement of language／work skills and economic status-several European countries have adopted citizenship tests. Britain introduced a new citizenship test last November. In March, a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would-be immigrants to take a citizenship test. It involved watching a video showing nude（裸体的）women bathing at beaches and gay（同性恋的）men kissing in public. The aim was to ensure that “newcomers will be comfortable with the country?s liberal social mores（风俗）”.

4 Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades. But, today, the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they become hostile to each other Promoting integration has become a major concern for European countries. after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes（少数民族聚居区）in France and the killing of Dutch public figures by religious extremists.

5 Officials believe that a person?s attachment to a country can be tested by his or her knowledge of the country. However, some critics say that the changes can do little to help people

assimilate（同化）themselves. “Immigration is a culture war today-Is giving a new test the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?” says Ali Noorani, of the Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition（难民辩护联盟）.

23 paragraph 2___________

24 paragraph 3___________

25 paragraph 4___________

26 paragraph 5___________

A. Preparation for taking a citizenship test

B. Citizenship tests in European counties

C. Importance of promoting integration

D. Necessity to know the branches of government

E. Different views on the new citizenship test

F. Goal of the new citizenship test

27 The questions in the new citizenship test are more difficult________.

28 Would-be immigrants to the US are expected ________.

29 In the Dutch citizenship test all would-be immigrants are required________.

30 Some people fear that change in the citizenship test will do little________.

A to know a lot more about the country

B to watch a video

C to help immigrants accept the new culture

D to marry American citizens

E to do low-skill jobs

F to answer

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Centers of the Great European Cities

The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition-People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night. A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting, metropolitan atmosphere.

Squares, plazas（广场）and arcades（拱廊）form the heart of Europe?s cities.

Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco - a beautiful square surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes. In Barcelona, Spain, La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods. London?s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians, acrobats（杂技演员）and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive. In London, they serve as a beautiful backdrop（背景）to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.

These vibrant（有活力的）hearts are the product of centuries of evolution, social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently. “The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don?t see all the mistakes,” said Garreau. “Those have all been removed. “Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and cafes were near to, people?s homes. Today, the focus of many Europeans?life has moved away from the centers. They live in the suburbs and outskirts, driving to supermarkets to get their supplies. But on a continent where people treasure convention, there are still those who hold onto traditional ways, living and shopping locally. These people together with tourists, provide the city centers with the reason for existence.

Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing. This is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. This skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos（浓咖啡）and cigarettes.

Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere. People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis. Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets, cafes and bars in the surrounding streets. An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo. The huge marble cathedral in Florence, Italy is surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops, and caters not only to the tourist crowds, but also the local community.

31. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe

A has many large squares.

B has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.

C draws tourists in large numbers every year

D has a center where tourists meet their spouses.

32. Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?

A It is crowded with people.

B It is located in London.

C it is filled with stalls.

D It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafes

33. Why do people think that Venice is so great?

A Because it is a famous tourist attraction.

B Because you can reach anywhere by boat.

C Because it is well known for its merchants.

D Because all the mistakes have been removed.

34. What are Parisians famous for?

A Their pursuit of independence.

B Their enthusiasm for conversation.

C Their ability to keep the city flourishing.

D Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.

35. The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that

A there is a tight link between church and society.

B all churches are magnificent.

C old churches are very popular.

D high—rise churches are impressive.

第二篇

Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Y our Weight

You hear this: “No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eating.” You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?” Basically you can do nothing. Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.

Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percent of the children of two obese（肥胖的）parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. ”

How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45ka on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic（新陈代谢的）measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving. They had psychiatric problems. They dreamed of food or breaking their diet. They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.

Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could. They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there.

This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly baffle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.

The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true--each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

36. What determines your weight?

A Your working manner.

B Your eating habit.

C Your life style.

D Your genes.

37. What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?

A He let them skip supper

B He let them skip breakfast.

C He let them run every morning and evening.

D He gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.

38. What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?

A They went mad.

B They killed themselves.

C They were back to normal weight.

D They attempted suicide.

39. Ethan Sims made his subjects

A battle their genetic inheritance

B increase their weight.

C suffer from hunger

D lower their weight.

40. What did scientists think was true?

A Each person has a fixed weight range.

B Each person has a weight range of 9kg.

C Each person wants to control his or her weight.

D Each person wants to eat to his or her heart?s content

第三篇

Shaming Punishments

Last month, James Connolly, a junior at the University of Massachusetts, stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga（长袍）as punishment.

His crime? He was charged with underage drinking, illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a party.

This shaming punishment has increased in the US in recent years, mostly imposed by local judges for less—serious crimes, such as drunk driving and theft.

They believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent（威慑）. For example, in Tennessee, Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters（商店货物扒手）stand outside Wal-Mart with signs that read, “I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie”,

“Alternative punishments like community service and fines don?t convey moral condemnation（谴责）of the criminal,”said Dan Kahan, a University of Chicago Law School professor ,in an article published on the university?s website. “They aren?t shameful enough.??Shaming punishments are sometimes called Scarlet（红色的）Letter punishments. The name comes from US author Nathaniel Hawthorne?s 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter. In this novel, a woman is forced to wear a scarlet “A” on her clothes as punishment for her adultery（通奸）.

However, University of Iowa law professor Andrew Hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial America and those assigned in states like Tennessee.

“Early societies often had are acceptance? ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society,” says Hosmanek. “Contemporary punishments in America lack this.”

Supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values. Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimes.

Others aren?t so sure. “There is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from committing specific crimes. And a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society,”said Hosmanek. “So, a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crimes to support himself.”

Experts also debate shaming punishment?s damage to human dignity. “Since the point is to shame, it's of course degrading（侮辱人格的）, “said Linda Malone, director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School.

“US law only prohibits punishment that is …cruel and unusual?-not …inhuman and degrading?. It's very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of Wal-Mart is …cruel and unusual?.”

41. James Connolly was accused of all the following crimes EXCEPT

A. illegally possessing alcohol.

B. smuggling drugs.

C. drinking at an illegal age.

D. making too much noise at a party.

42. Which of the following punishments does NOT morally condemn a criminal?

A Holding a sign that announces his or her crime.

B Publishing his or her name on a website.

C Apologizing for the crime in front of Wal-Mart.

D Having to do useful work to help others without being paid.

43. In the novel The Scarlet Letter, a woman is accused of

A. corruption.

B. bribery.

C. adultery

D. thee.

44. The word “suggest? in Paragraph 1 0 could be best replaced by

A. propose.

B. indicate.

C. assume.

D. explain.

45. What does US law forbid?

A Cruel and unusual punishments

B inhuman punishments.

C Degrading punishments

D Shaming punishments.

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

What’s Lacking in ‘Sicko’?

When it comes to economic decisions, there are always trade-offs（取舍）. Gain one thing and you lose something else. _________（46）

The central argument of Michael Moore?s movie “Sicko” that the cure to the nation?s health care problems is a single-payer system--is hardly novel and is certainly worth consideration, whether or not you agree with it. But in comparing the American system with single-payer plans

of other countries--Britain, France, Canada and Cuba--Mr. Moore left out the trade-offs, characterizing those countries as health care paradises. _________ （47）

Kurt Loder, the film critic who is best known as the anchor（主持人）of “MTV News”, wrote a critique（批评）of the film for MTV?s website. “Sicko”he said. “does a real service”in portraying（描绘）victims of American insurance companies-like the people who died because their only treatment. Options were considered “experimental??and therefore not covered. _________ （48）

When “governments attempt to regulate the—balance between a limited supply of health care and an unlimited demand for it, they?re inevitably forced to ration treatment,” Mr. Loder asserted. _________ （49）Mr. Loder cited the short film “Dead Meat, ”which presents anecdotes（轶事）of failure in the Canadian single—payer system. In its one—sidedness, “Dead Meat” might have made for a nice double feature with “Sicko”and left movie-goers with a more complete understanding of the complications of deciding on a health care system。_________ （50）This all makes an otherwise “emotionally compelling film not necessarily an intellectually satisfying one, ” wrote Darren Barefoot, a Canadian blogger（博客作者）.

A Mr. Moore also decided to ignore problems in other countries, like France?s high taxes and

Britain?s cash-short hospitals.

B But the film as a whole, he concluded, is “breathtakingly meretricious（似是而非的）,” in

large part because of its characterizations of other countries? health care systems.

C The problems have been noticed--and criticism is coming not just from Mr. Moore?s detractors

（诋毁者）.

D He ticked off a number of negative statistics to counter the positive ones offered by Mr.

Moore.

E Health care is the prevention, treatment, and management of illness.

F This is particularly true in health care, a market in which scarce（稀罕的）goods are

ridiculously expensive, but needed by everybody.

第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白, 请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Greatest Mystery of Whales

The whale is a mammal（哺乳动物）—warm-blooded, air-breathing, giving birth to its young alive, sucking them--and, like all mammals, originated on land. There are many signs of this. ________（51）front flippers（鳍肢）, used for steering and stability, are traces of feet.

Immense strength is built into the great body of the big whales, and in fact most of a whale?s body is one gigantic muscle. The blue whale?s pulling________ （52）has been estimated at 400 horsepower. One specimen was reported to have________ （53）a whaling vessel for seven hours at the________ （54）of eight knots.

An enraged whale will attack a ship. A famous________ （55）of this was the fate of whaler Essex, which was sunk________（56）the coast of South America early in the last century. More recently ,steel ships have had their plates buckled（扭曲变形）in the same way. Sperm whales were known to________ （57）the old-time whaleboats in their jaw and crush them.

The greatest mystery of whales is their diving ability. The sperm whale can________ （58）the bottom for his favorite food, the octopus（章鱼）. ________ （59）that search he is known to go as far down as 3, 200 feet, where the pressure is 1, 400 pounds, to the square inch. Doing________ （60）he will remain submerged（水下的）as long as one hour. Two feats（绝技）are involved in this：storing up enough________ （61）（all whales are air-breathed）and withstanding the great change in pressure. Just________ （62）he does it scientists have not determined. It is believed that some of the oxygen is stored in a special system of blood vessels, rather than just held in the lungs。And________ （63）is believed that a special kind of oil in his head is some sort of compensating mechanism that automatically adjusts the internal pressure of his body. But________ （64）you can?t bring a live whale into the laboratory for study, no one________ （65）just how these things work.

51 A Their B It's C Theirs D Its

52. A strength B width C height D length

53. A eaten B crashed C towed（拖） D lifted

54. A distance B rate C voyage D sail

55. A picture B film C example D book

56. A 0ff B of C above D over

57. A hit B seize C damage D kick

58. A fly to B jump on C dive to D crawl on

59. A In B On C By D At

60. A SO B such C above D the same

61. A water B oxygen C energy D heat

62. A what B who C how D which

63 A it B he C she D there

64. A because of B due to C since D owing to

65. A communicates B knows C hears D develops

第一部分词汇选项题

第二部分阅读判断

第三部分概括大意与完成句子

第四部分阅读理解

第一篇Centers of the great European cities

第二篇Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight

第三篇Shaming Punishments

第五部分补全短文

第六部分完型填空

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