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英语作文如何选词和造句

如何选词？——

众所周知，词汇（Vocabulary）是构成语言的最小单位。因此，要想写出一篇好的文章，首要的一点就是要尽可能多地熟悉和掌握英语词汇。一般来说，掌握的词汇越多，运用英语的能力也会越强。那么怎样才能扩大词汇量呢？最佳方法之一是大量阅读。同学们可以选择适合自己程度的多种英语书籍、报刊、画册来阅读。在阅读过程中，由于单词、词组的反复出现，同学们也就能反复接触到这些单词和词组，从而巩固所记的词汇。同时通过文章、句子学习词语，对词语的意义、用法能理解得更深、更全面，这样也就更容易记忆了。单词是学习语言的一个重要环节。要通过各种方法去记忆、理解、运用所学的单词，扩大自己的词汇量，为下一步进行熟练写作打下坚实的基础。

在掌握了一定数量的基础词汇后，就要选词进行写作训练了。要学会用最有用也最常用的词来表达自己的思想。用词组句往往没有统一的标准，但一定要注意将正式用语与非正式用语、书面语与非书面语区别开来。还要清楚各类词的特点和在句子中的功用，能熟练地进行词与词的搭配组合。

关于词汇就简单地说这些吧。下面该谈谈如何才能写出好句子了。那么什么样的句子才算好句子呢？

如何造句？——

1.句子要完整。完整是好句子的第一要点。

2.句子要连贯。所谓连贯，一是指意思上的连贯；二是指结构上的连贯。也就是说一个句子不仅要做到思想内容的和谐，还要做到遣词造句的和谐。例如：Tell my friend if she is at home，I will go to see her.

该句因语序的关系，使意思不明确。如果my friend与she是同一个人，我们应该说：If my friend is at home，tell her I will go to see her.如果不是同一个人，就应说：Tell my friend I will go to see her if she is at home.

又如：An Indian came into the doctor's door，and walked quickly to the waiting room.

该句两部分不合乎思维顺序，动作没有按先后排列，所以造成了语无伦次。应改为：

An Indian came into the waiting room，and walked quickly to the doctor's door.

以上从内容上分析了句子的连贯性。即写句子要保持自然的语序，让意义紧密相连的词紧挨在一起，同时各部分要按一定的逻辑排列。

3.句子须简洁。句中不应有任何不必要的词。只要意思充分地表达了，用词越少越好。用词过多只会使意思更加模糊不清，而不是更加清楚。

4.句子要重点突出。凡是重要的意思都应在表达时予以强调。为此说话时人们可用各种方法，如提高声音、放慢语速、使用短句或加上手势等。写文章时，也可以使用倒装、感叹、重复、反问等方法对应该强调的词语或句子加重语气。一般情况下，一个句子的开头和末尾是比较引人注目的地方。如：There was an old woman at the head of the queue.这是一般的表达方式。但可进行这样改：At the head of the queue was an old woman.通过这种结构的改变分别突出了at the head of the queue以及an old woman.这样句子就显得非常生动有力。

5.句子要多样化。句型的多样化，对好的文章来说是必不可少的。好几句长短相同、结构相似的句子连在一起，如果又用同一个名词或代词作主语，必然会显得很单调。为多样化起见，短句和长句，简单句、并列句和复合句等都应交错使用。也可偶尔用一个问句、祈使句或感叹句，但是不要只是为了多样化而频频变换句型。

6.句子要一致。一个句子无论长短应当只有一个中心思想。句中的词、短语应当紧紧围绕这一中心思想服务。如果时而谈甲，时而谈乙，则会破坏句子的一致性。如：Class Three have a map，and the map is on the wall of their classroom，it's a map of China.

此句在语法和词汇上都没有什么错，但由于东拼西凑，让人不知所云。如果将这一大句改为三个短句，使每句都有一个中心思想，那么就条理清楚，意义明确了。试比较：Class Three have a map.The map is on the wall of their classroom.It's a map of China.

句子的一致性是一个句子的意思清楚与否的关键。要达到一致性就要保持主语的一致、思想的完整、逻辑的合理和修饰的紧密。如：I opened the door，and the cat was under a desk，and the desk was black.

这个句子意思混乱，因为主语不断改变。如果我们用I作全句主语，并作适当删改，则句子简单明了，意思清楚而且句子紧凑。比较一下：I opened the door and found the cat under a black desk.

上面谈了一下什么样的句子才是好句子。那么同学们在平时写作中经常犯些什么错误呢？一般有以下几种：

1.语序错误。句子语序有自然语序和倒装语序两种。一不注意就会出错。例如：

Could you tell me where is the park？→ Could you t ell me where the park is？

What a beautiful girl is she！→ What a beautiful girl she is！

2.句子中时态、语态的错误。英语中常用时态有一般式、现在式和完成式。语态有主动语态和被动语态，一定要正确使用。如：

The house has been built five years ago.→ The house was built five years ago.

The bike hasn't returned yet.→ The bike hasn't been returned yet.

3.句子中出现不平行结构。平行结构类似汉语的排比句式，它常常用同样的格式表达两个以上平行内容。平行结构可以是单词、短语或分句。如：

We can get there either by car or taking a bus.→ We can get there either by car or by bus.

She likes studying English but she doesn't like English grammar.→ She likes studying English but she doesn't like studying English grammar.

4.串句。串句是指两个以上的句子串写在一起，中间不见标点，不见连词，造成结构层次不清，逻辑意义混乱。改正方法：用标点（逗号、分号或句号）将串句点开；添加适当连词，使句子形成并列或主从关系，用修饰语替换其中一个或几个句子，使整个句子变成修饰语的简单句。如：

Everybody thinks a king can do he wants to do.→ Ever ybody thinks a king can do what he wants to do.

5.汉语式英语。英汉两种语言在表达习惯上有很大差异，要注意别犯汉语式英语错误。如：

This morning has no classes.→ There are no classes this morning .

Although he is over 60，but he is very healthy.→ He is over 60，but he is very healthy.→ Although he i s over 60，he is very healthy.

除了上面所述外，对英语的五种基本句型和其他常见句型也要了如指掌，只有这样才能写出清楚、正确的句子来。在进行英语写作时，一个同样的意思，常可用同义或近义词语表达，或用不同的句型结构来表达。因此，平时，多做一些句型转换训练是非常有必要的。下面做几个小题练练吧！

改错：

①She has finished the writing yesterday.

②To study English well，England is the best place to go.

③I don't know when we will have a meeting and where the meeting will be held.

④He very likes English.

⑤What you mean？

Key：

①He finished the writing yesterday.／He has finished the writing.

②To study English well，the best place for you to go is England.

③I don'tknow when and where we will have a meeting.

④He likes English very much.

⑤What do you mean？

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