高级英语pubtalkandtheking27senglish中英笔记(注释)

L3. Pub Talk and the King’s English(酒吧闲谈与标准英语)

Henry Fairlie (亨利·费尔利)

1.Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.And

it is an activity only of humans. However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do not

indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation.

人类的一切活动中，闲谈是最具交际性的sociable（主题句），也是人类特有的。而动物之间的信息交流，无论其方式何等复杂intricate，也是称不上交际的。

1.And it is an activity only of humans. (para1) 并且它是人类特有的一种活动。

And conversation is an activity which is found only among human being．

Sociable [?so???bl] adj.随和的，好交际的，友善的friendly or agreeable,eapecially in

an easy,informal way(用书）

intricate (adj) : hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or

relationships错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的

Indulge: 任凭自己沉溺于……；耽于to allow yourself to have or do sth that you

like,eapecially sth that is considered bad for you ----indulge in sth, indulge yourself.

例：Women do not indulge in to the same extent as men.

deserve: 值得；应得

2.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start

from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meander s or leap s and sparkle s or just glow s. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has “something to say.”

Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. In fact, the best conversationalist s are those who are prepared to lose.

Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdote s, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the

opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go.

2. 闲谈的引人入胜之处就在于它没有一个事先设定好的主题。它时而迂回meander前进，时而奔腾leap起伏，时而火花四射sparkle，时而热情洋溢glow，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。感觉“有话想说”的人是一个“完美闲谈”的最大敌人。闲谈不是为了争论，尽管争论常常是闲聊的一部分，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲谈之中是不存在什么输赢胜负（convince说服）的。事实上，真正的闲聊高手往往是随时准备让步（lose 输掉）的。他们也许会偶然间觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事anecdote选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼in a flash大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之丧失，他们也就听之任之了。

meander: n. (比喻）proceed in an aimless way ; ramble漫谈，闲聊

例：The discussion meandered on for hours.讨论会漫无边际的进行了几个小时。make a point: explain fully what one is proposing. 表明一种看法，证明一个论点例：All fight，you’ve made your point；now keep quiet and let the others say what they think．好啦，你已经把话说清楚了；那就别说了，让别人谈谈看法。Conversationalist: n. 健谈的人

Sparkle: v. be full of life and wit活力和才智换发。She always sparkles at parties.在聚会上，他总是神采奕奕。

Glow: glow with pride/joy/pleasure.

Anecdote: [??n?kdo?t] n.奇闻轶事(关于真人真事的短小有趣的事）

in a flash: suddenly，very quickly瞬间，非常突然。Without any delay 例：Just wait here．I’v be back in a flash．就在这儿等我，我马上就回来。

2.Conversation is not for making a point.(para2)交谈并不是为了表明一种看法。

Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view．（说服convincing, taking sb. over）

3.In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose.(para2) 实际上，最好的交谈者，是那些准备输的人。

In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his

point of view．

meander (v.) : wander aimlessly or idly；ramble漫步；闲逛

conversationalist (n.) : a person who converses；esp．，one who enjoys and is skilled at conversation交谈者；(尤指)健谈者

anecdote (n.) : a short，entertaining account of some happening，usually personal or biographical轶事，逸事

3.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I

think bar conversation has a charm of its own. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other’s lives. They are companions, not intimate s. The fact that their marriages may be on the rock s, or that their love affair s have broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. They are like the musketeer s of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other’s lives or the recess es of their thoughts and feelings.

3. 或许是从小混迹于(upbringing n. 培养，养育)英国小酒吧的缘故吧，我觉得酒馆里的闲聊是别有韵味的。酒馆里的朋友们对彼此的生活毫不了解（involve in 使牵扯到），他们只是临时的伙伴，相互之间并无深交（intimate密友，知己）。这些人之中，也许有人的婚姻面临破裂（on the rock婚姻的破坏），有人恋爱受挫，有人碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿（go out of bad on the wrong side），但这些都无关紧要。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手（musketeer火枪手）一样，虽然朝夕相处，却从来不过问（delve 发掘）彼此的私事（recess私事），也不去打探别人内心的秘密。

4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives. (para3)酒吧友人没有深层次地涉及彼此的生活。

People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives．（close friends密友）

intimate (n.) : a close friend or companion密友，知己

on the rocks :in or into a condition of ruin or catastrophe(婚姻)破坏的，失败的

例：Tim’s marriage is on the rocks．提姆的婚姻亮起了红灯。

delve (v.) : investigate for information；search发掘；调查(研究)

recess (n.) : a secluded，withdrawn，or inner place幽深处

get out the bed on the wrong side: to be cross or grouchy早晨起来便心情不好

Love affair: n a romantic sexual relationship,usually between two people who are not married to each other.

4.It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the

conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without any focus and with no need for one, that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it – she clearly had not come into the bar to say it, it was not something that was pressing on her mind – but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.

4.有一天晚上的情形正是如此。当时人们正在漫无边际地东拉西扯，从最普通的家常琐事聊得有关木星的科学趣闻。完全没有一个特定的主题。可突然间中心话题奇迹般地出现了，大伙的话题都集中到了一处。我不记得其中一个伙伴的那句话是什么情况下说出来的–不过，显然她并没有特意地准备什么，那也算不上是什么非说不可的要紧话–那只不过是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。

desultorily (adv.) : aimlessly；at random随意地；无目的地

alchemy(n.) : an early form of chemistry，whose chief aims were to change baser metals into gold：a method or power of transmutation; esp. the seemingly miraculous change of a thing into something better炼金术；变化物质的方法或魔力

5.“Someone told me the other day that the phrase, ‘the King’s

English,’ was a term of criticism, that it means language which one should not properly use”

5.“就在前几天，有人告诉我说‘标准英语’这个词是带贬义色彩的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。”

6.The glow of the conversation burst into flame s. There were

affirmations and protests and denials, and of course the promise, made in all such conversation, that we would look it up on the morning. That would settle it; but conversation does not need to be settled; it could still go ignorantly on.

6.此语一出，谈话氛围立即热烈起来burst into flames。有人表示赞成affirmation，也有人怒斥protest，还有人则不以为然denial。最后，当然少不了像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，大家约好次日一早去查证一下。问题就这样解决settle了。不过，闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大家仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。

5.It could still go ignorantly on(para6)大伙仍旧可以糊里糊涂地扯下去。

The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong.

burst into: 突然进入（某种状态）

flame: n.火焰

affirmation: n.肯定，确认

protest:n. 反对，抗议

denials: 否定，拒绝接受

7.It was an Australian who had given her such a definition of

“the king’s English,”which produced some rather tart remarks about what one could expect from the descendants of convicts. We had traveled in five minutes to Australia. Of course, there would be resistance to the King’s English in such

a society. There is always resistance in the lower classes to

any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken.”

7. 告诉她“标准英语”应做这种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。知道这个后，有些人便说

起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的后代这样说倒也不足为奇。就这样，不到5分钟，大家便扯到了澳大利亚。在那个地方，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。因为下层人民总是会抵制上流社会给“规范英语”制定的条条框框。

tart(adj.) : sharp in taste；sour；acid辛辣的；尖酸的；刻薄的

lay down : to assert or declare; 声明，颁布例：He had already clearly lain down his view in his opening speech.

例：The regulations lay down a rigid procedure for checking safety equipment．法令规定了一套严格的安检程序。

8.Look at the language barrier between the Saxon churl s and

their Norman conquerors. The conversation had swung from Australian convict s of the 19th century to the English peasant s of the 12th century. Who was right, who was wrong, did not matter. The conversation was on wings.

8.想想撒克逊农民(churl) 与征服他们的诺曼统治者之间的语言隔阂barrier吧。于是闲聊的主题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯(convict) 转移到【swung（使）摇摆】了12世纪的应该农民(peasant) 身上。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天地进行着。

barrie r: n. 屏障；妨碍roadblock

churl (n.) : a farm laborer；peasant农民；庄稼人，乡下人

Conqueror: n. 征服者，占领者

Swung: v. (使)摇摆

convict (n.) : a person found guilty of a crime and sentenced by a court罪犯

Peasant: n.农夫

on wings : in flight；continually moving about像飞一样地，飘飘然

例：The birds are on wings in the sky．鸟儿在空中展翅高飞。

She went home on wings.她高高兴兴地回家。

9.Someone took one of the best – known of examples, which is

still always worth the reconsidering. When we talk of meat on our tables we use French words; when we speak of the animals from which the meat comes we use Anglo – Saxon words. It is a

pig in its sty; it is pork (porc) on the table. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf).Chickens become poultry(poulet), and a calf becomes veal(veau ). Even if our menus were not written in French out of snobbery, the English we used in them would still be Norman English. What all this tells us is of a deep class rift in the culture of English after the Norman Conquest.

9.有人举了一个众所周知但仍值得深思的例子。在谈到饭桌上的肉食时我们用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜是则用盎格鲁-撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork（来自法语pore）；地里放养的牛叫cattle，而桌上吃的牛肉则叫beef（来自法语boeuf）；小鸡叫chicken，用作肉食则变成poultry（来自法语poulet）；calf（小牛）加工成肉则变成veal（来自法语vcau）。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了被诺曼人征服之后的英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。

rift (n.) : an open break in a previously friendly relationship分裂；失和

Sty: sties [C]a place where pigs are kept=pigsty

Poultry :n. hens,ducks,geese,turkeys,etc. Kept for eating or for their eggs;domestic fowls 家禽

Veal: flesh of a calf used as meat（使用的）小牛肉

6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). (para9)地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef。

These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields; but when we sit down at the table to eat．We call their meat beef．

10.The Saxon peasant s who tilled the land and reared the

animals could not afford the meat, which went to Norman

tables. The peasants were allowed to eat the rabbits that scamper ed over their field and, since that meat was cheap, the Norman lords of course turned up their noses at it. So rabbit is still rabbit on our tables, and not changed into some rendering of lapin.

10.撒克逊农民peasant种地养殖rear牲畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不上，全部送到了诺曼人的餐桌上。农民们只能吃在地里乱窜scamper的兔子。因为兔子的肉便宜，诺曼贵族自然不屑turn up one’s noses at去吃它。因此，活兔子和兔子肉共用rabbit这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化（rendering翻译）而来的某个词。

scamper (v.) : run or go hurriedly or quickly (儿童及某些小动物)奔跑，蹦蹦跳跳

例：The rabbit scampered away in fright.兔子惊慌地抛了

rendering (n.) : a translation翻译

turn up one’s nose at : to sneer at，scorn嘲笑，轻蔑

例：The children turned up their noses at my home cooking．孩子们嘲笑我的厨艺。

11.As we listen today to the arguments about bilingual

education, we ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language.There must have been a great deal of cultural humiliation felt by the English when they revolted under Saxon leaders like Hereward the Wake. “The king’s English”-if the term had existed then-had become French. And here in America now, 900 years later, we are still the heir s to it.

11.如今，当我们听着有关双语bilingual教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地into the shoes of替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级ruling用法语来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化壁垒。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领

袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱humiliation。“标准英语”-如果那时候有这个名词的话-已经变成法语了。而九百年后我们在美国这个地方仍然继承了这种影响。

bilingual (adj.) : of，in or using two languages(用)两种语言的

in the shoes of : in another’s position站在别人的立场上，设身处地

例：I’m glad I’m not in his shoes with all those debts to pay off．我庆幸不用像他那样去偿还所有的债务。

Heir :n. (to sth) 继承人

7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. (para11) 新的统治阶级用法语来对抗其他语言，这样就建立起了对抗这些农民的文化壁垒。

The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb合并the culture of the rulers．

12.So the next morning, the conversation over, one looked it up.

The phrase came into use some time in the 16th century.

“Queen’s English”is found in Nashe’s “Strange News of the Intercept ing of Certain Letters”in 1593, and in 1602, Dekker wrote of someone, “thou clipst the King’s English.”Is the phrase in Shakespeare? That would be the confirmation that it was in general use. He uses it once, when Mistress Quickly in “The Merry Wives of Windsor”says of her master coming home in a rage, “…here will be an old abusing of God’s patience and the King’s English,” and it rings true.

12.那晚闲聊过后的第二天一大早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过了。纳什作于1593年的《截获intercept信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”（Queen’s English）的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：“你thou把‘标准英语’（King’s English）

简化了”。莎士比亚作品中是否也出现过这一提法呢？如出现过，那就证明这个词在当时既已通用。他用过一次，在《温莎的风流娘们》中，女仆Quickly在讲到她家老爷回来后将会有的盛怒情形时说，“……少不了一通臭骂，骂得昏天暗地，“标准英语”不知要给他糟蹋成个什么样子啦。”后来的事实果然被她说中了。

intercept (v.) : seize or stop on the way，before arrival at the intended place拦截；截断；截击。

例：Reporters intercepted him as he tried to leave by the rear entrance.他想从后门溜走，记者把他截住了。

abuse (v.) : use wrongly；use insulting，coarse or bad language；scold harshly滥用；辱骂，口出恶言

Thou:人称代词。汝，你。

13.One could have expected that it would be about then that

the phrase would be coin ed. After five centuries of growth, of tussling with the French of the Normans and the Angevin s and the Plantagenets and at last absorbing it, the conquered in the end conquering the conqueror, English had come royally into its own.

13.我们有理由认为这个词就是那个时候产生（coin杜撰）的。经过前后五百年的发展和与诺曼人、安茹王朝(Angevin)及金雀花王朝(Plantagenets)的法语的竞争，英语最终同化absorbing了法语。被统治者成了统治着，英语取得了国语的地位come into its own。coin (v.) : make up；devise；invent(a new word，phrase，etc．)编造；杜撰(新词、新短语等)

tussle(v.) : to fight or struggle without using any weapons，by pulling or pushing someone rather than hitting them. 斗争，搏斗；竞争

词组Tussle with 例：He was tussling with the other boys.

come into one’s own: to receive what properly belongs to one，esp．acclaim or recognition得到自己该得的东西，如荣誉或世人的口碑

Royally: adv. 像王族，庄严地

8. English had come royally into its own. (para13) 英语取得了国语

的地位。

The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．

14.There was a King’s (or Queen’s) English to be proud of. The

Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. “The King’s English” was no longer a form of what would now be regarded as racial discrimination.

14.这样便有了一种英国人值得引以为傲的“标准英语”。伊丽莎白时代的人没费吹灰之力便使其影响日盛（multiplied（使）增加、相乘），遍及全球（blew吹）。“标准英语”再也不带有今天所谓的种族歧视racial discrimination的性质了。

dandelion (n.) : any of several plants of the composite family，common lawn weeds with jagged leaves，often used as greens，and yellow flowers蒲公英(属)

15.Yet there had been something in the remark of the

Australian. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. One feels that even Mistress Quickly-a servant-is saying that Dr.

Caius-her master-will lose his control and speak with the vigor of ordinary folk. If the King’s English is “English as it should be spoken,” the claim is often mock ed by the underling s, when they say with a jeer“English as it should be spoke.”The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there.

15.不过，那个澳大利亚人的解释也有一定道理。下层阶级在使用这一名词时总带着一点轻蔑pejorative、讥讽facetious的味道。我们会发现，就连Quickly这样一个婢女（servant

佣人）也会说她的主子凯厄斯大夫管不住自己的舌头，而讲起平民百姓ordinary folk们所讲的那种粗话。如果说“标准英语”就是所谓“规范英语”，这种看法常常会受到下层人民的嘲笑mock讥讽jeer，他们有时故意开玩笑地把它称做“规反英语”。下层人民对于文华上的专制还是颇有（抵制rebellion反抗）心理的。

pejorative (adj.) : disparaging or derogatory轻蔑的；贬低的

facetious(adj.) : (usu derog通常作贬义）joking or trying to be jocular，esp．at an imappropriate time滑稽的；诙谐的；(尤指在不适当的时候)开玩笑的例：a facetious young man 耍贫嘴的小伙子

underling (n.) : a person in a subordinate position；inferior disparaging(通常作蔑词)下属；jeer: n. Jeering remark; taunt揶揄的言语；嘲讽；

例：He ran off ,their jeers ringing in his ears.他一跑了之，耳边仍回响着他们的冷嘲热讽。mock: (~ at sb/sth) make fun of,eap by mimicking him/it contemptuously; ridicule取笑（某人、某物）；尤其指模仿嘲弄，愚弄mocking smile,voice ,laugh 嘲弄的微笑、声音、大笑

9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. (para15) 下层阶级使用这个短语时，常带有贬义，甚至讥讽的味道。

The phrase，the King’s English，has always been used disrespectfully 无礼地；不恭地and jokingly开玩笑地by the lower classes.（or: The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．）

10.The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. (para15) 对文化支配的对抗仍然存在。

There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class.在劳动人民中仍然存在着，就像早期的撒克逊农民一样，反对统治阶级文化权威的精神。

16.There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words

will harden into things for us.”Words are not themselves a reality, but only representations of it, and the King’s English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality. Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.

16.正如卡莱尔所说，“对我们来说，词语会变成具体harden的事物”是一种始终存在的危险。词语本身并不是现实，它不过是现实的一种反应形式representation而已。标准英语和诺曼人的盎格鲁法语的性质一样，也只是一个阶段用来表达现实的一种形式。让人们学着去讲也许不错，但既不应该把它作为法令edict，也不应该使它完全不接受immune来自下层的改变。

edict (n.) : an official public proclamation or order issued by authority；decree法令；命令；布告

Immune：(adj.) : exempt from or protected against something disagreeable or harmful 不受影响的；可避免的

harden: v. (cause sth to) become hare,strong,etc(使某物）变硬；变坚强，变鉴定

11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that"words will harden into things for us." (para16) 正如卡莱尔提出的，“对我们而言，词语会变成具体的事物”，这始终会有极大的危险。

There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word“dog”is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn’t regard the word“dog”as being the animal itself．总是有一个很大的危险，我们可能会忘记，单词只是符号sign/mark，并把他们的东西，他们应该代表的话，例如，“狗”是一个象征，代表一种动物，我们不能把“狗”这个词本身作为动物本身。

17.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries-Auden once

said that all a writer needs is a pen, plenty of paper and “the best dictionaries he can afford”-but I agree with the person who said that dictionaries are instruments of common sense.

The King’s English is a model-a rich and instructive one-but it ought not to be an ultimatum.

17. 我一向对词典有着始终不渝的酷爱-奥登曾经说过，一支笔、够用的纸张“他所能弄到的最好的词典”就是一个作家的全部所需-但其实上我更赞同另一种说法，即把词典看成是一种常识工具。标准英语是一种范本-一种丰富而又指导作用的范本-但并不是一种绝对的权威。

ultimatum(n.) : a final offer or demand，esp．by one of the parties engaged in negotiations，the rejection of which usually leads to a break in relations and unilateral action，the use of force etc．by the party issuing the ultimatum最后通牒accept, reject, issue , deliver an ultimatum 几首、拒绝、发出、送交最后通牒。

18.So we may return to my beginning. Even with the most

educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. There is no worse conversation than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing, or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print. When E. M. Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.

But if E. M. Forster sat in our living room and said, “We are all following each other down the sinister corridor of our age,” we would be justified in asking him to leave.

sit up : (colloq．)to。become suddenly alert；be surprised or startled吃惊，警觉例：I called her a damned hypocrite and that made her sit up．我骂她惺惺作态，她马

上警觉起来

Sinister: suggesting evil, or that sth bad may happen 邪恶的，险恶的。A sinister motive,action, place 邪恶的动机，不详之处。

Corridor: n. Long narrow passage,from which doors open into rooms or compartments 过道，走廊

18.由此我们可以回到我先前的话题上。即便是那些学问再高、文学修养再好的人，他们所讲的标准英语在闲聊中也常常会离谱走调。要是有谁闲聊时也像做文章一样句逗分明，或像写一篇要发表的散文般咬文嚼字的话，那他说的话就一定极为倒人胃口。看到E.M.福斯特笔下写出“如今这个时代阴森恐怖的长廊”时，我们可以深刻体会到语言的生动、比喻的张力。但假若福斯特坐在我们的会客室里说“我们大家正一个接一个地步入这个时代阴森恐怖的长廊”时，我们肯定会让他离开。

19.Great authors are constantly being asked by foolish people

to talk as they write. Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the great minds are supposed to have indulge d in the great salon s of 18th century Paris, but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food and the wine. Henault, then the great president of the First Chamber of the Paris Parlement, complained bitterly of the “terrible sauces”at the salons of Mme. Deffand, and went on to observe that the only difference between her cook and the supreme chef, Brinvilliers, lay in their intentions.

indulge (v.) : give way to one’s own desire尽情享受；从事于

Lofty: adj. Lofty ideas,beliefs,attitudes etc show high standards or high moral qualities- use this to show approval.崇高的想法

Salon沙龙

19. 常常会有一些愚人要求大文豪们在交谈时也像写文章一样字字珠玑，也有人对18世纪巴黎的文艺沙龙salon里那些文人雅士的高谈阔论极表称羡。可是，说不定那些文人雅士们在那里也只不过是闲谈gossip，谈论酒食的好坏哩。当时的巴黎大法院第一厅厅长亨奥尔特在德芳侯爵夫人家的沙龙作客时就曾大叫到“调料糟糕透了”，接着还大发议论说侯爵夫人家的厨子和总厨师长布兰维利耶之间的唯一差别不过就是用心不一而已。

20.The one place not to have dictionaries is in a sitting room or

at a dining table. Look the thing up the next morning, but not in the middle of the conversation. Otherwise one will bind the conversation; one will not let it flow freely here and there.

There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meaning of “the King’s English.”We would never have gong to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.

20.会客室和餐桌上是无须摆放词典的。闲聊过程中遇到弄不明白而需要查实的问题可留待第二天在说，不要话说到一半却一边查起字典来了。否则，谈话变会受到妨碍（blind约束），不能如流水般无拘无束地进行了。那晚，如果我们当场弄清了“标准英语”的意义，也就不可能再有那场交谈辩论，我们也就不可能一会儿跳到澳大利亚去，一会儿又扯回到诺曼征服时代了。

21.And there would have been nothing to think about the next

morning. Perhaps above all, one would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised the subject, wondering more about her. The bother about teaching chimpanzee s how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.

（from The Washington Post, May 6, 1979）

21.而且，我们也就没有什么可以留到第二天去思考了。尤为重要的是，如果那个问题能做当场解决的话，人们就不会对于那位引出话题的“火枪手musketeer”发生兴趣了，也不会想多了解她的情况了。教黑猩猩chimpanzee说话之所以很困难，原因就在于它们往往可能尽是想着要讲出正经八百的话来，因而会使对话失去意趣。

摘自1979年5月6日《华盛顿邮报》musketeer (n.) : (formerly)a soldier armed with a musket火枪手

chimpanzee (n.) anthropoid ape of Africa，with black hair and large，outstanding ears(非洲)黑猩猩

engage:v. 从事于

高级英语pub talk and the king's english中英笔记

L3. Pub Talk and the King’s English(酒吧闲谈与标准英语) Henry Fairlie (亨利·费尔利) 1.Conversation is the most sociable of all human activities.And it is an activity only of humans. However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 人类的一切活动中，闲谈是最具交际性的sociable（主题句），也是人类特有的。而动物之间的信息交流，无论其方式何等复杂intricate，也是称不上交际的。 1.And it is an activity only of humans. (para1) 并且它是人类特有的一种活动。 And conversation is an activity which is found only among human being． Sociable [?so???bl] adj.随和的，好交际的，友善的friendly or agreeable,eapecially in an easy,informal way(用书） intricate (adj) : hard to follow or understand because full of puzzling parts，details，or relationships错综复杂的；难以理解的，难懂的 Indulge: 任凭自己沉溺于……；耽于to allow yourself to have or do sth that you like,eapecially sth that is considered bad for you ----indulge in sth, indulge yourself. 例：Women do not indulge in to the same extent as men. deserve: 值得；应得 2.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go as it meander s or leap s and sparkle s or just glow s. The enemy of good conversation is the person who has “something to say.”Conversation is not for making a point. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation. In fact, the best conversationalist s are those who are prepared to lose. Suddenly they see the moment for one of their best anecdote s, but in a flash the conversation has moved on and the opportunity is lost. They are ready to let it go.

英译中笔记方法

英译中笔记方法 我历年的实践，发现学友们在学习口译上最大的难点在于笔记问题。因此我整理了一条实用的（E-C）英译中笔记方法，提供初涉口译的众学友学习。 首先，这里需要指出的是，大多数同学并没有意识到口译笔记的基本类型。在此为大家简述一番，其实口译笔记可以按照“源语和目标语”分为两类，在此以英语(论坛)和汉语为例。比如：“E-C”和“C-E”是两个不同的体系。（E-C即英译中；C-E即中译英）。 关于“C-E模式”的笔记，在中译英时口译者并没有听力上的挑战，所以在记录笔记时我们大都可从容应对；把握脉络、大意、关键词，并选择性的记录；而且还能保证主要意思都能记在脑中；即使没有系统训练过笔记法的学友，也可以通过强记和速写，把信息记全。 所以说，中高级口译考试时的“C-E模式”的句子或段落的笔记可以是挑选性的（selective）; 也可以做得“面面俱到”（every single point），而这时的要求就是你手写速度，清晰度（legibility）, 合理逻辑的布局和排列。 在这样的背景下，C-E模式的笔记体系就引入了大量的“符号”以简化速记的强度，提高速记的质量，使译者有更多的时间脑记。 比如这段符号：“中 e ↗+” 表示“中国经济的强劲增长。” 笔者纵观了各种专业课程、比较了热门的口译笔记法书籍，口译论坛和网站上的有关信息，发现对于这些“符号”并没有一个有明确的、规范的统一写法。完全是不同专家和从业者的各种个性化的笔记，加上一些共性的元素。比如：“全球”这个概念, 有时会写“w”；有时也写成“⊙” 。写法各异，但都属于认知常识范畴。 对于这一情况，我也反复告诫学友，口译上常见的表达和词汇，要用符号，因为用熟悉的“固定符号”更加容易想象到这些信息，所以大家就得掌握熟记这些符号，这样才可以在考试中赢得更多翻译和口译的时间。

人教版九年级英语单元笔记梳理

学习必备欢迎下载 Unit 1 How do you study for a test ? 一．短语。 1．向老师寻求帮助7.嘲笑 2．说的技能8 .编造 3．英语口语9 .抱怨 4．复习备考10. 处理 5．加入英语俱乐部11. 中止，中断 6．犯错误12. 听磁带 二．同义词。 1 Look up 2. unless 3. regard… as 4. with the help of 5. be angry with 6. not … at all 7. improve 8. laugh at 三．重点词。 1. a good way 2. the best way 3. have trouble 4. one of 5. look them up 6. too much 7. decide 8. practice 9. friend (adj) (n) 10. happy (反义词) 11. easy (adv) 12. success (v) (adj) 13. help (adj) 14. suggest (n) 15. noise 16. end up (in) Voice end up with sth Sound 17. important (反) (n) 18. different (adv) (n) 19. 四．重点句型 1. It’s too hard to understand the voice. 2. Joining the English club was the best way to improve her English. 3. Studying grammar is a great way to learn a language. 4. Why don’t you join the English club to practice speaking English. 5. The writer found learning English difficult. 6. It wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher. 7. How do you study for a test? -- I study by working with a group. . Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark. 一．短语 1过去常常2一直 3令某人吃惊的是4即使，尽管 5注意，留心6支付得起 7为…付款8做决定 9几乎不10 在过去 11日常生活 二．同义词 1. be interested in 2. afford to 3. In the end 4. take pride in 5. One day 6. walk to school 7. hold on 8. go to bed 9. Not … any more 10. not … any longer 三．重点词 1.so many so much 2.spend take pay cost 3.give up 4.(效力于) the swim team / the soccer team. 5.踢足球弹钢琴 6．In the front of In front of 6.seem 7.die ( n ) ( adj ) 8.day ( adj ) 日常生活 9.much / even 四．重点句型 1. I go to bed with my bedroom light on. 2. My daily life has changed a lot in the last few years. 3. He is one of the best students in his class. 4. 含used to 的句型： 肯定句： 否定句： 一般疑问句： 5. be used to

高级英语 Face to face with Hurricane Camille中英笔记

Face To Face With Hurricane Camille 迎战卡米尔号飓风 约瑟夫.布兰克 1John Koshak,Jr., knew Hurricane Camille would be bad. Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday. Last August 17, as Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico. It was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss., where the Koshaks lived. Along the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, nearly 150,000 people fled inland to safer ground. But like thousands of others in the coastal communities, John was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family—his wife, Janis and their seven children, aged 3 to 11—was clearly endangered. 小约翰。柯夏克已料到，卡米尔号飓风来势定然凶猛。就在去年8月17日那个星期天，当卡米尔号飓风越过墨西哥湾向西北进袭之时，收音机和电视里整天不断地播放着飓风警报。柯夏克一家居住的地方一—密西西比州的高尔夫港——肯定会遭到这场飓风的猛烈袭击。路易斯安那、密西西比和亚拉巴马三州沿海一带的居民已有将近15万人逃往内陆安全地带。但约翰就像沿海村落中其他成千上万的人一样，不愿舍弃家园，要他下决心弃家外逃，除非等到他的一家人一—妻子詹妮丝以及他们那七个年龄从三岁到十一岁的孩子一一眼看着就要灾祸临头。lash (v.): move quickly or violently猛烈冲击；拍打 pummel (n.): beat or hit with repeated blows，esp．with the fist(尤指用拳头)连续地打 2 Trying to reason out the best course of action, he talked with his father and mother, who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks a month earlier from California. He also consulted Charles Hill, a longtime friend, who had driven from Las Vegas for a visit. 为了找出应付这场风灾的最佳对策，他与父母商量过。两位老人是早在一个月前就从加利福尼亚迁到这里来，住进柯夏克一家所住的那幢十个房间的屋子里。他还就此征求过从拉斯韦加斯开车来访的老朋友查理希尔的意见。 course (n.): a way of behaving；mode 0f conduct行为；品行；做法 reason out: to find out an explanation or solution to a problem，by thinking of all the possibilities寻找解决途径 例：Let's reason this out instead of quarrelling．让我们不要争吵，商量出事情的解决方案 3 John, 37—whose business was right there in his home (he designed and developed educational toys and supplies, and all of Magna Products’ correspondence, engineering drawings and art work were there on the first floor)—was familiar with the power of a hurricane. Four years earlier Hurricane Betsy had demolished his former home a few miles west of Gulfport (Koshak had moved his family to a motel for the night). But that house had stood only a few feet above sea level. “We’re elevated23 feet,” he told his father, “and we’re a good 250 yards from the sea. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. We’ll probably be as safe here as anyplace else.”

大一上-英语笔记整理

单词总结 Bet 1.bet (sth) (on/against sth ) to risk money on a race or an event by trying to predict the result 下赌注（于）用…..打赌 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ca5555637.html,ed to say that you are almost certain that sth is true or that sth will happen 敢说八成二 词语扩展 I’ll bet 1．（表示理解）有同感当然 2．（表示不相信对方的话） e.g: “I’m going to tell her what I think of her.” “Yeah. I’ll bet.” I wouldn’t bet on it/don’t bet on it. 不大可能 e.g:”she’ll soon get used to the idea.” “I wouldn’t bet on it!”(很难说) You bet中文解释的确当然 e.g:”are you nervous?” “you bet!”(这还有说) You can bet your life/your bottom dollar （on sth/(that)…..）中文解释肯定毫无疑问 e.g: you can bet your bottom dollar that he’ll be late.（他肯定会迟到） Peer Noun 1. a person who is the same age r who has the same social status as you 身份或地位相同的人同龄人同辈 2. (in Britain) a member of the NOBILITY 英国的贵族成员 Verb (~+adv/prep) to look closely or carefully at sth ,especially when you can not see it clearly.仔细端详 Spectacle 1.spectacles 相当于glasses 2. a performance or a event that is very impressive and exciting to look at 精彩的表演，壮 观的场面 3. a sight or a view that is very impressive to look at 壮观的景象 4.an unusual or surprising sight or situation that attract a lot of attention. 奇特的景象出 人意料之外的情况 词语扩展 Make a spectacle of yourself to draw attention of yourself by behaving or dressing in a ridiculous way in public 出洋相出丑

高级英语lesson2 marrakech课堂笔记

Marrakech George Orwell 1 As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table in a cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later. 2 The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across （break ones way）the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. After a month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried. 1.一具尸体抬过，成群的苍蝇从饭馆的餐桌上嗡嗡而起追逐过去，但几分钟过后又飞了回来。 2.一支人数不多的送葬队伍——其中老少尽皆男性，没有一个女的——沿着集贸市场，从一堆堆石榴摊子以及出租汽车和骆驼中间挤道而行，边走边悲痛地重复着一支短促的哀歌。苍蝇之所以群起追逐是因为在这个地方死人的尸首从不装进棺木，只是用一块破布裹着放在一个草草做成的木头架子上，有四个朋友抬着送葬。朋友们到了安葬场后，便在地上挖出一个一二英尺深的长方形坑，将尸首往坑里一倒。再扔一些像碎砖头一样的干土块。不立墓碑，不留姓名，什么识别标志都没有。坟场只不过是一片土丘林立的荒野，恰似一片已废弃不用的建筑场地。一两个月过后，就谁也说不准自己的亲人葬于何处了。 3 When you walk through a town like this -- two hundred thousand inhabitants of whom at least twenty thousand own literally (really;真实的)nothing except the rags they stand up in-- when you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always difficult to believe that you are walking among human beings. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact. The people have brown faces--besides, there are so many of them! Are they really the same flesh （mankind人类）as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated（无差别的）brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? （三个疑问句）They rise out of the earth（出生贫寒，metaphor），they sweat and starve(alliteration;) for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. And even the graves themselves soon fade back into the soil. Sometimes, out for a walk as you break your way(threaded their way) through the prickly pear(刺梨), you notice that it is rather bumpy（not even）underfoot, and only a certain regularity in the bumps tells you that you are walking over skeletons.//part1:the coprse scene 3.当你穿行也这样的城镇——其居民20万中至少有2万是除开一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂衫之外完全一无所有——当你看到那些人是如何生活，又如何动辄死亡时，你永远难以相信自己是行走在人类之中。实际上，这是所有的殖民帝国赖以建立的基础。这里的人都有一张褐色的脸，而且，人数书如此之多！他们真的和你意义同属人类吗？难道他们也会有名有姓吗？也许他们只是像彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西。他们从泥土里长出来，受哭受累，忍饥挨饿过上几年，然后有被埋在那一个个无名的小坟丘里。谁也不会注意到他们的离去。就是那些小坟丘本身也过不了很久便会变成平地。有时当你外出散步，穿过仙人掌丛时，你会感觉到地上有些绊脚的东西，只是在经过多次以后，摸清了其一般规律时，你才会知道你脚下踩的是死人的骷髅。

2020高级口译攻略

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