名词性从句破解策略

名词性从句

一、定义

在复合句中起名词性作用的句子叫名词性从句，也即充当句子四种成分（主语、宾语、表语、补语或）。

二、分类

一个句子相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类。

三、连接词

1、根据名词性从句的定义：一个句子相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语。而连接主从句并可能在从句中的充当一定成分的词就叫引导词。既然是一个句子相当于名词词组充当成分，那么连接词的选择就要考虑该句子原来的语气（因为从句需要转化成陈述语气），以保留该句子原有的内容和特点。 以宾语从句为例：

2.小结：引导名词性从句的连接词

充当从句的句子的语气 特 点 引 导 词

词 义

作 用

用 法 陈述句

主句无疑问，从句为成分完整的陈述句 that 无词义，引导宾语从句时可以省略 不充当从句的任何成分，只引导从句 一般疑

问句

主句有疑问，从句为成分完整的一般疑问句 whether, if, because ，as if /as though 有词义，不可以省略，不充当从句的任何成分，只起到引导句子的作用（if 只能引导宾语从句或放到句末的主语从句）。 If 与whether 的区别

特殊疑

问句 主句有疑问，从句含有疑问词

的特殊疑

问句 疑问代词： 从句缺少名词性主干成分。 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, which, what,whatever 有词义，充当主语、宾语、表语或补足语等名词性成分（名词用疑问代词提问）并引导从句，不可以省略。 疑问代词的判断 疑问副词：

从句缺

少状语等

副词性修

饰性成分。 疑问副词：how, why, when, where, however, wherever 有词义，充当状语（状语用疑问副词提问）等成分并引导从句，不可以省略。 疑问副词的判断

引导主语从句的关联词有三类:

（1）从属连词

①tha t 不充当句子成分,没有词汇意义,引导宾语从句时可以省略，只引导从句（从句常由陈述句演变而来）。 They tell me “She is an actress.”作宾语 They tell me (that)she is an actress. “She is an actress.”is good news.作主语 That she is an actress is good news. The news is “She is an actress.” 作表语 The news is that she is an actress.

主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 名词性从句 宾语从句 主句谓语 复 合 句 We know that she ’s just a kid.

We all know the news “She is an actress.”作同位语 We all know the news that she is an actress.

②whether 与if“是否”

Whether和if不充当句子成分,有词汇意义（是否）,不可以省略，引导从句（从句常由一般疑问句或选择疑问句演变而来,而且主句中一般会出现与问题有关的词： question，ask， doubt等）。

They ask “Is she an actress?”作宾语 They ask whether /if she is an actress.

“Is she an actress?”is his question.作主语Whether she is an actress is his question. The doubt is “Is she an actress?”作表语 The question is whether she is an actress. We have the doubt“Is she an actress?”作同位语 We have the question w hether she is an actress.注意：whether与if均为“是否”，但下列情况下只用whether ：

a. whether引导主语从句并在句首

Whether he will come is not clear.

b. 引导表语从句

The question is whether he’ll come.

c. whether从句作介词宾语

I’m not sure about whether we’ll win.

d. 从句后有“or not”

Whether you like it or not, you’ll have to do it.

e.引导主语从句不可省略的连词：

介词后的连词

引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

(2)连接代词及连接副词（疑问代词及副词）

疑问代词，充当句子成分(主语、宾语、表语、补语等名词充当的成分)；疑问副词(where, when, how, why),充当句子成分(定语或状语等成分)。都有词汇意义,且均不可以省略，引导从句（从句常由特殊疑问句演变而来,而且主句中一般会出现与问题有关的词： question，ask， doubt等）。有如下这些： who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever , whatever, whichever

whoever=anyone who

whatever=anything that

whichever=any…that

They ask “Who are you?”作宾语 They ask who you are.

“Who are you?”is his question.作主语 Who you are is his question.

The doubt is “Who are you?”作表语 The question is who you are.

We have the doubt“Who are you?”作同位语 We have the question who you are.

四、各种从句详解

1、主语从句

在另一个句子中做主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。

(1)有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末(这时可用if替换whether)。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：

① It +be +形容词 (obvious, true , natural, surprising ,good , wonderful ,funny , possible , likely, certain ,probable, etc ) + that

Eg：It is probable that he told her everything .

②It + be +名词词组 (no wonder ,an honor, a good thing ,a pity, no surprise, etc ) + that

Eg:It is no surprise that our team should have won the game .

③ It +be +过去分词(said ,reported ,thought ,expected ,decided , announced ,arranged ,suggested ) + that

Eg:It is announced in today’s newspaper that Bush will pay a visit to China next week .

④ It + seems/appears , happens 等不及物动词及短语+ that

Eg:It happened that I was out that day .

⑤It does n’t matter ( makes no differences, etc) + 连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句

Eg:It makes no differences where we shall have the meeting .

⑥当主语从句出现在感叹句中时, 用it 作形式主语.

Eg:How strange it is that they are so quiet！

(2):单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。

在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary /It’s important/It’s natural (strange, etc.) that …

2.表语从名

在另外一个句子中作表语的句子叫表语从名。

引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if, because 引导。其基本结构为：

主语 + 系动词 + that从句

例如：The fact is that we have lost the game.

This is where our problem lies.

3.宾语从句

①在另一个句子中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

Eg：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.

②由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。

Eg：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

注意：demand, order, suggest, advise, decide, insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句谓语常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。

③用whether或if引导的宾语从句

whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。

a、但从句中有or not时或简化成to do时，只能用whether连接。

We don’t know whether she will appear or not.

We don’t know whether to go.

b、介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。

She is worried about whether she will appear.

c、如果宾语从句后面存在宾语补足语时，需要用形式宾语代替，而把宾语从句置于句末。

We found it strange that a pig can fly.

d、 that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。

④宾语从句中的时态呼应

宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响：

a、如果主句的谓语动词是（一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时态、现在完成时等）现在时时态，从句中的谓语动词可以用任何时态。例如：

I know that he studied English last term.

b、如果主句中的谓语动词用了（一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时态、过去完成时等）过去时时，则从句中的谓语动词只能用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等。例如：

We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.

c、当从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：

The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.

⑤否定转移

当主句是主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是 think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时，

其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中称为否定的转移，而且其相应的反义疑问句也“反从（从句）不反主（主句）”。例如：

We don’t believe that he will win the game, will he ?

4.同位语从句

在一个句子中作同位语使用的句子叫同位语从句。同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。

Eg：The fact that she is ill should be considered.

①同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that, whether和连接副词when, where, why, how。连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。

Eg：I have no idea when she will be back.

②同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

定语从句中的that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；

that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。

Eg：I had no idea that you were here. (that引导同位语从句,不能省略）

Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of the life in ancient Greece？

(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）

5.名词性从句中的虚拟语气

(1)主语从句中的虚拟语气

在主句中出现表示建议、要求、命令等词时，从句中谓语动词用(should )+do，基本句型：

a. It is suggested/ ordered / proposed / required / demanded / requested / insisted + (should) do

b. It is important / necessary / natural / desirable / strange / advisable / imperative… that+ (should) do

c.It is a pity / a shame / no wonder …that + (should) do

(2)宾语从句中的虚拟语气

在主句谓语是： suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve 表示建议、要求、命令等动词时，宾语从句中谓语动词用(should )+do。

（3）表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气

在主句中出现suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等表示建议、要求、命令等词时，从句中谓语动词用(should )+do，

Eg：My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.

6.名词性从句规律总结

规律一：名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。

在名词性从句中，关联词在从句之首，其他部分应用陈述句语序。

规律二：从句是陈述句转化而来的，不缺成分，不含有疑问意义。由that 引导且that连词在从句中不作成分。

主语从句,同谓语从句,表语从句中that不可以省略,在宾语从句中that 常可省略．

Eg: That he will come and help us is certain.

规律三：从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义,不缺成分。由whether，if 引导。例如：

Eg: I worry about whether/if he can pass the exam.

The question is whether it is worth doing.

规律四： whether和if的区别

(1)主语从句只能用whether

(2)宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时用whether

(3)表语从句中只能用whether

(4)后面跟or(not)或to do连用时用 whether

规律五：从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的,缺成分的。由wh-连词或how引导在从句中作成分。

连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。

Eg：Who will go makes no difference.

规律六：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。

(1)主语从句可以用it（作形式主语）来替换。

(2)宾语从句可以用it（作形式宾语）来替换的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋adj./n.＋从句。

规律七： whatever, whichever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however 等与 no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how 的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而 no matter +疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

规律八：reason 后面的表语从句只能用that 引导, 不能用because 引导, 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why 或者that 引导。

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9. — ? — , ? A. B. C. D. 10. . .5 A. / B. C. D. 11. . A. B. C. D. 12. . ? A. B. C. D. 13. . A. B. C. D. 14. . 20 , . A. ; B. ; C. ; D. ; 15. a . A. B. C. D. 第二部分：强化题 1. ’t . A. B. C. D. 2. A ’s . .5

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