刘炳善英国文学简史完整版笔记
刘炳善英国文学简史完
整版笔记
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英国文学简史完全版
A Concise History of British Literature
Chapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon Period
I.Introduction
1. The historical background
（1） Before the Germanic invasion
（2） During the Germanic invasion
a. immigration;
b. Christianity;
c. heptarchy.
d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen （lord）–thane - middle class （freemen） - lower class （slave or bondmen: theow）;
e. social organization: clan or tribes.
f. military Organization;
g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education;
h. economy: coins, trade, slavery;
i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system.
2. The Overview of the culture
（1） The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit.
（2） Literature: a. poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures.
II.Beowulf.
1. A general introduction.
2. The content.
3. The literary features.
（1） the use of alliteration
（2） the use of metaphors and understatements
（3） the mixture of pagan and Christian elements
III.The Old English Prose
1.What is prose
2.figures
（1）The Venerable Bede
（2）Alfred the Great
Chapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval Ages
I.Introduction
1. The Historical Background.
（1） The year 1066: Norman Conquest.
（2） The social situations soon after the conquest.
A. Norman nobles and serfs;
B. restoration of the church.
（3） The 11th century.
A. the crusade and knights.
B. dominance of French and Latin;
（4） The 12th century.
A. the centralized government;
B. kings and the church （Henry II and Thomas）;
（5） The 13th century.
A. The legend of Robin Hood;
B. Magna Carta （1215）;
C. the beginning of the Parliament
D. English and Latin: official languages （the end）
（6） The 14th century.
a. the House of Lords and the House of Commons—conflict between the Parliament and Kings;
b. the rise of towns.
c. the change of Church.
d. the role of women.
e. the Hundred Years' War—starting.
f. the development of the trade: London.
g. the Black Death.
h. the Peasants' Revolt—1381.
i. The translation of Bible by Wycliff.
（7） The 15th century.
a. The Peasants Revolt （1453）
b. The War of Roses between Lancasters and Yorks.
c. the printing-press—William Caxton.
d. the starting of Tudor Monarchy（1485）
2. The Overview of Literature.
（1） the stories from the Celtic lands of Wales and Brittany—great myths of the Middle Ages.
（2） Geoffrye of Monmouth—Historia Regum Britanniae—King Authur.（3） Wace—Le Roman de Brut.
（4） The romance.
（5） the second half of the 14th century: Langland, Gawin poet, Chaucer.
II.Sir Gawin and Green Knight.
1. a general introduction.
2. the plot.
III.William Langland.
1. Life
2. Piers the Plowman
IV.Chaucer
1. Life
2. Literary Career: three periods
（1） French period
（2） Italian period
（3） master period
3. The Canterbury Tales
A. The Framework;
B. The General Prologue;
C. The Tale Proper.
4. His Contribution.
（1） He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types.（2） He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language.
（3） The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.
V. Popular Ballads.
VI.Thomas Malory and English Prose
VII.The beginning of English Drama.
1. Miracle Plays.
Miracle play or mystery play is a form of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. It developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching its height in the 15th century. The simple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. Eventually the performance was moved to the churchyard and the marketplace.
2. Morality Plays.
A morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters which are personified abstractions – figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abstract conceptions in general.
3. Interlude.
The interlude, which grew out of the morality, was intended, as its name implies, to be used more as a filler than as the main part of an entertainment. As its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. It was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an
aristocratic nature.
Chapter 3 English Literature in the Renaissance I.A Historical Background
II. The Overview of the Literature （1485-1660）
Printing press—readership—growth of middle class—trade-education for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-
exploration-new impetus and direction of literature.
Humanism-study of the literature of classical antiquity and reformed education.
Literary style-modeled on the ancients.
The effect of humanism-the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents.
1. poetry
The first tendency by Sidney and Spenser:? ornate, florid, highly figured style.
The second tendency by Donne: metaphysical style—complexity and ingenuity.
The third tendency by Johnson: reaction——Classically pure and restrained style.
The fourth tendency by Milton: central Christian and Biblical tradition.
2. Drama
a. the native tradition and classical examples.
b. the drama stands highest in popular estimation: Marlowe –Shakespeare – Jonson.
3. Prose
a. translation of Bible;
b. More;
c. Bacon.
II.English poetry.
1. Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard （courtly makers）
（1） Wyatt: introducing sonnets.
（2） Howard: introducing sonnets and writing the first blank verse.
2. Sir Philip Sidney—poet, critic, prose writer
（1） Life:
a. English gentleman;
b. brilliant and fascinating personality;
c. courtier.
（2） works
a. Arcadia: pastoral romance;
b. Astrophel and Stella （108）: sonnet sequence to Penelope Dvereux—platonic devotion.
Petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativeness—building? of a narrative story; theme-love originality-act of writing.
c. Defense of Poesy: an apology for imaginative literature—beginning? of literary criticism.
3. Edmund Spenser
（1） life: Cambridge - Sidney's friend - “Areopagus” – Ireland - Westminster Abbey.
（2） works
a. The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance.
b. Amoretti and Epithalamion: sonnet sequence
c. Faerie Queene:
l The general end——A romantic and allegorical epic—steps to virtue.
l 12 books and 12 virtues:? Holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy.
l Two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory （symbolic meaning）
l Many allusions to classical writers.
l Themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and Renaissance Neoclassicism—a Christian humanist.
（3） Spenserian Stanza.
III.English Prose
1. Thomas More
（1）Life: “Renaissance man”, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of arts
a. learned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford;
b. studies law at Lincoln Inn;
c. Lord Chancellor;
d. beheaded.
（2） Utopia: the first English science fiction.
Written in Latin, two parts, the second—place of nowhere.
A philosophical mariner （Raphael Hythloday） tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-Utopia.
a. The part one is organized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy.
b. The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold
and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything.
c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.
d. the book and the Republic: an attempt to describe the Republic
in a new way, but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals.
e. it played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval otherworldliness towards Renaissance secularism.
f. the Utopia
（3） the significance.
a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages; it created a national prose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.
b. a elegant Latin scholar and the father of English prose: he composed works in English, translated from Latin into English biography, wrote History of Richard III.
2. Francis Bacon: writer, philosopher and statesman
（1） life: Cambridge - humanism in Paris – knighted - Lord Chancellor – bribery - focusing on philosophy and literature.
（2） philosophical ideas: advancement of science—people:servants? and interpreters of nature—method: a child before nature—facts and observations: experimental.
（3）“Essays”: 57.
a. he was a master of numerous and varied styles.
b. his method is to weigh and balance maters, indicating the ideal course of action and the practical one, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each, but leaving the reader? to make the
final decisions. （arguments）
IV.English Drama
1. A general survey.
（1） Everyman marks the beginning of modern drama.
（2） two influences.
a. the classics: classical in form and English in content;
b. native or popular drama.
（3） the University Wits.
2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the Wits.
（1） Life: first interested in classical poetry—then in drama.（2） Major works
a. Tamburlaine;
b. The Jew of Malta;
c. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.
（3） The significance of his plays.
V. William Shakespeare
1. Life
（1） 1564, Stratford-on-Avon;
（2） Grammar School;
（3） Queen visit to Castle;
（4） marriage to Anne Hathaway;
（5） London, the Globe Theatre: small part and proprietor;（6） the 1st Folio, Quarto;
（7） Retired, son—Hamnet; H. 1616.
2. Dramatic career
3. Major plays-men-centered.
（1） Romeo and Juliet——tragic love and fate
（2） The Merchant of Venice.
Good over evil.
Anti-Semitism.
（3） Henry IV.
National unity.
Falstaff.
（4） Julius Caesar
Republicanism vs. dictatorship.
（5） Hamlet
Revenge
Good/evil.
（6） Othello
Diabolic character
jealousy
gap between appearance and reality.
（7） King Lear
Filial ingratitude
（8） Macbeth
Ambition vs. fate.
（9） Antony and Cleopatra.
Passion vs. reason
（10） The Tempest
Reconciliation; reality and illusion.
3. Non-dramatic poetry
（1） Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece.
（2） Sonnets:
a. theme: fair, true, kind.
b. two major parts: a handsome young man of noble birth; a lady in dark complexion.
c. the form: three quatrains and a couplet.
d. the rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg.
VI.Ben Jonson
1. life: poet, dramatist, a Latin and Greek scholar, the “literar y king” （Sons of Ben）
2.contribution:
（1）the idea of “humour”.
（2） an advocate of classical drama and? a forerunner of classicism in English literature.
3. Major plays
（1） Everyone in His Humour—“humour”; three unities.
（2） Volpone the Fox
Chapter 4 English Literature of the 17th Century I.A Historical Background
II.The Overview of the Literature （1640-1688）
1. The revolution period
（1） The metaphysical poets;
（2） The Cavalier poets.
（3） Milton: the literary and philosophical heritage of the
Renaissance merged with Protestant political and moral
conviction
2. The restoration period.
（1） The restoration of Charles II ushered in a literature
characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft
management, and simplicity. （school of Ben Jonson）
（2） The ideals of impartial investigation and scientific experimentation promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge （1662） were
influential in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication.
（3） The great philosophical and political treatises of the time emphasize rationalism.
（4） The restoration drama.
（5） The Age of Dryden.
III.John Milton
1. Life: educated at Cambridge—visiting the continent—involved into the revolution—persecuted—writing epics.
2. Literary career.
（1） The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism is not absent. L'Allegre and IL Pens eroso （1632） are his early masterpieces, in which we find Milton a true offspring of the Renaissance, a scholar of exquisite taste and rare culture. Next came Comus, a masque. The greatest of early creations was Lycidas, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate, Edward King.
（2） The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such complete ascendancy that he wrote almost no poetry. In 1641, he began a long period of pamphleteering for the puritan cause. For some 15 years, the Puritan in him alone ruled his writing. He sacrificed his poetic ambition to the
call of the liberty for which Puritans were fighting.
（3） The third period is from 1655 to 1671, when humanist and Puritan have been fused into an exalted entity. This period is the greatest in his literary life, epics and some famous sonnets. The three long poems are the fruit of the long contest within Milton of Renaissance tradition and his Puritan faith. They form the greatest accomplishments of any English poet except Shakespeare. In Milton alone, it would seem, Puritanism could not extinguish the lover of beauty. In these works we
find humanism and Puritanism merged in magnificence.
3. Major Works
（1） Paradise Lost
a. the plot.
b. characters.
c. theme: justify the ways of God to man.
（2） Paradise Regained.
（3） Samson Agonistes.
4. Features of Milton's works.
（1） Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and who is both a great poet and an important prose writer. The two most
essential things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and his republicanism.
（2） Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.（3） Milton is a great stylist. He is famous for his grand style noted for its dignity and polish, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.
（4） Milton has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.
IV.John Bunyan
1. life:
（1） puritan age;
（2） poor family;
（3） parliamentary army;
（4） Baptist society, preacher;
（5） prison, writing the book.
2. The Pilgrim Progress
（1） The allegory in dream form.
（2） the plot.
（3） the theme.
V. Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets.
1. Metaphysical Poets
The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to designate the works of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Pressured by the harsh, uncomfortable and curious age, the metaphysical poets sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new words and new poetry. They tried to break away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry, and favoured in poetry for a more colloquial language and tone, a tightness of expression and the single-minded working out of a theme or argument.
2. Cavalier Poets
The other group prevailing in this period was that of Cavalier poets. They were often courtiers who stood on the side of the king, and called themselves “sons” of Ben Jonson. The Cavalier poets wrote light poetry, polished and elegant, amorous and gay, but often superficial. Most of their verses were short songs, pretty madrigals, love fancies characterized by lightness of heart and of morals. Cavalier poems have the
limpidity of the Elizabethan lyric without its imaginative flights. They are lighter and neater but less fresh than the Elizabethan's.
VI.John Dryden.
1. Life:
（1） the representative of classicism in the Restoration.（2） poet, dramatist, critic, prose writer, satirist.
（3） changeable in attitude.
（4） Literary career—four decades.
（5） Poet Laureate
2. His influences.
（1） He established the heroic couplet as the fashion for satiric, didactic, and descriptive poetry.
（2） He developed a direct and concise prose style.
（3） He developed the art of literary criticism in his essays and in the numerous prefaces to his poems.
Chapter 5 English Literature of the 18th Century I.Introduction
1. The Historical Background.
2. The literary overview.
（1） The Enlightenment.
（2） The rise of English novels.
When the literary historian seeks to assign to each age its favourite form of literature, he finds no difficulty in dealing with our own time. As the Middle Ages delighted in long romantic narrative poems, the Elizabethans in drama, the Englishman of the reigns of Anne and the early Georges in didactic and satirical verse, so the public of our day is enamored of the novel. Almost all types of literary production continue to appear, but whether we judge from the lists of publishers, the statistics of public libraries, or general conversation, we find abundant evidence of the enormous preponderance of this kind of literary entertainment in popular favour.
（3） Neo-classicism: a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance, and harmony in literature. John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major exponents of the neo-classical school.
（4） Satiric literature.
（5） Sentimentalism
II.Neo-classicism. （a general description）
1. Alexander Pope
（1）Life:
a.Catholic family;
b.ill health;
c.taught himself by reading and translating;
d.friend of Addison, Steele and Swift.
（2）three groups of poems:
e.An Essay on Criticism （manifesto of neo-classicism）;
f. The Rape of Lock;
g.Translation of two epics.
（3）His contribution:
h.the heroic couplet—finish, elegance, wit, pointedness;
i.satire.
（4） weakness: lack of imagination.
2. Addison and Steele
（1） Richard Steele: poet, playwright, essayist, publisher of newspaper.
（2） Joseph Addison: studies at Oxford, secretary of state, created a literary periodical “Spectator” （with Steele, 1711）
（3） Spectator Club.
（4） The significance of their essays.
a. Their writings in “The Tatler”, and “The Spectator” provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.
b. They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century.
c. In their hands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel.
3. Samuel Johnson—poet, critic, essayist, lexicographer, editor.
（1）Life:
a.studies at Oxford;
b.made a living by writing and translating;
c.the great cham of literature.
（2） works: poem （The Vanity of Human Wishes, London）; criticism （The Lives of great Poets）; preface.
（3） The champion of neoclassical ideas.
III.Literature of Satire: Jonathan Swift.
1.Life:
（1）born in Ireland;
（2）studies at Trinity College;
（3）worked as a secretary;
（4）the chief editor of The Examiner;
（5）the Dean of St. Patrick's in Dublin.
2. Works: The Battle of Books, A Tale of a Tub, A Modest Proposal, Gulliver's Travels.
3. Gulliver's Travels.
Part I. Satire—the Whig and the Tories, Anglican Church and Catholic Church.
Part II. Satire—the legal system; condemnation of war.
Part III. Satire—ridiculous scientific experiment.
Part IV. Satire—mankind.
IV.English Novels of Realistic tradition.
1. The Rise of novels.
（1）Early forms: folk tale – fables – myths – epic –
poetry – romances – fabliaux – novelle - imaginative nature of their material. （imaginative narrative）
（2）The rise of the novel
a.picaresque novel in Spain and England （16th century）: Of or relating to a genre of prose fiction that originated in Spain and depicts in realistic detail the adventures of a roguish hero, often with satiric or humorous effects.
b.Sidney: Arcadia.
c. Addison and Steele: The Spectator.
（plot and characterization and realism）
（3） novel and drama （17the century）
2. Daniel Defoe—novelist, poet, pamphleteer, publisher, merchant, journalist.）
（1）Life:
a.business career;
b.writing career;
c.interested in politics.
（2） Robinson Cusoe.
a. the story.
b. the significance of the character.
c. the features of his novels.
d. the style of languag
e.
3. Henry Fielding—novelist.
（1）Life:
a.unsuccessful dramatic career;
b.legal career; writing career.
（2） works.
（3） Tom Jones.
a.the plot;
b.characters: Tom, Blifil, Sophia;
c.significance.
（4） the theory of realism.
（5） the style of language.
V. Writers of Sentimentalism.
1. Introduction
2. Samuel Richardson—novelist, moralist （One who is unduly concerned with the morals of others.）
（1）Life:
a.printer book seller;
b.letter writer.
（2） Pamela, Virtue Rewarded.
a.the story
b.the significance
Pamela was a new thing in these ways:
a）It discarded the “improbable and marvelous” accomplishments of the former heroic romances, and pictured the life and love of ordinary people.
b） Its intension was to afford not merely entertainment but also moral instruction.
c） It described not only the sayings and doings of characters but their also their secret thoughts and feelings. It was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.
3. Oliver Goldsmith—poet and novelist.
A. Life:
a.born in Ireland;
刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记(免费)
英国文学简史完全版 A Concise History of British Literature Chapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon Period I. Introduction 1. The historical background （1）Before the Germanic invasion （2）During the Germanic invasion a. immigration; b. Christianity; c. heptarchy. d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen （lord）– thane - middle class （freemen）- lower class （slave or bondmen: theow）; e. social organization: clan or tribes. f. military Organization; g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education; h. economy: coins, trade, slavery; i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system. 2. The Overview of the culture （1）The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit. （2）Literature: a. Poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures. II. Beowulf.
英国文学史及选读 复习要点总结概要
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements (此处可能会有填空,选择等小题 2. Romance (名词解释 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’ s story 4. Ballad(名词解释 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释 8. Renaissance(名词解释 9.Thomas More—— Utopia 10. Sonnet(名词解释 11. Blank verse(名词解释12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies” (推荐阅读,学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照,本文用词正式优雅,多排比句和长句,语言造诣非常高,里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句,非常值得一读 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要,此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了,这些剧的主题,背景,情节,人物形象都要熟悉,当然他最重要的是 Hamlet 这是肯定的。他的sonnet 也很重要,最重要属 sonnet18。 (其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要,特别是 Paradise Lost 和 Samson Agonistes。对于 Paradise Lost 需要知道它是 blank verse写成的,故事情节来自 Old Testament,另外要知道此书 theme 和 Satan 的形象。
英国文学史笔记(刘炳善著 河南人民出版社)part7-8
Part 7 prose-writers and poets of the mid and late 19th century Chapter 1 Thomas Carlyle He was elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh University He is a literary critic Sartor Resartus The French Revolution Heroes and Hero-Worship Past and Present Chapter 2 Ruskin and some other prose-writers 1 John Ruskin He is a critic. Art criticism and social criticism He is a social thinker and a master of English. His prescription for the contemporary social problems was faulty, but he sincerely sympathized with the people and exposed with holy wrath the evils Modern Painters 2 Matthew Arnold 3 Macaulay Chapter 3 Alfred Tennyson1809~1892 （维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人） Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） ① < In Memoriam>悼念 To memorialize his friend ② < Break, Break, Break>冲击、冲击、冲击 ③ < Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗 Chapter 4 Robert Browning罗伯特?白朗宁1812~1889 A follower of Shelley ①< My Last Dutchess>我已故的公爵夫人 ②< Home Thoughts From Abroad>海外乡思 ③Pippa Passes Elizabeth Barrett Browing: ①
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》(重排版)笔记和考研真题详解-盎格鲁-诺曼底时期【圣才出品】
第2章盎格鲁-诺曼底时期 2.1复习笔记 I.Background Knowledge(1066-1350)(背景知识) 1.The Norman Conquest(诺曼征服) A.Brief Introduction(简介) The French-speaking Normans began their conquest of Anglo-Saxon England under William, Duke of Normandy,with the battle of Hastings in1066. 说法语的诺曼底人在威廉公爵的带领下，在1066年的黑斯廷斯战役中打败了英国人，开始了对英国的统治。 B.Chief Influences(主要影响) (1)The bringing of Roman civilization to England; (2)The growth of nationality,i.e.a strong centralized government,instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes; (3)The birth of new English language and literature due to the integration with French vocabulary. （1）将罗曼文化带到英格兰； （2）促进了国家的发展，强大的中央集权政府代替了散乱的撒克逊部落联盟；（3）和法国语言的融合产生了新的英语语言和文学。 II.Features of the New Literature(新文学特征) (1)The new literature is a combination of French and Anglo-Saxon elements. (2)There are three classes of new literature: ①Matter of France(tales about Charlemagne and his peers); ②Matter of Greece and Rome(tales about Alexander and the fall of Troy); ③Matter of Britain(tales about King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table).
英国文学史
英国文学 Part1.Old and medieval Beowulf贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people)stricking feature:alliteration, metaphors and understatements. William Langland 威廉。兰格伦 Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯 Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂;Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德 小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人） his contribution to English poetry:introduced from france the rhymed couplet of5accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet),is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech. Part2.The English renaissance Thomas More托马 斯。莫尔 Utopia乌托帮 Philip Sidney菲力 普。锡德尼 Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩 Edmond Spenser埃 德蒙。斯宾塞 The Faerie Queene仙后The Shepherds’s Calender牧羊人日历 Francis Bacon培根1561-1626Advancement of Learning学术的进展;Novum Organum新工具;New Atlantic新大西岛;Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self） The founder of English materialist philosophy Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托夫。马洛Tamburlaine铁木耳大帝Dr.Faustus浮士德的悲剧The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人The Passionate Shepherd多情的牧羊人致情人 William Shakespeare 莎士比亚1564-1616The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello 奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗 The Great Comedies:A Midsummer Night Night’’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;;Twelfth Night第十二夜; The Great Tragedies:The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;Othell Othello o 奥塞罗King Lear李尔王;The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白; The Later Comedies(romances):Pericles波里克利斯;Cymbeline辛白林; The Winter Winter’’s Tale冬天的故事;The Tempest暴风风雨; P art3.The English Bourgeois revolution period John Milton约翰·弥尔顿1608-1674L‘Allegro欢乐的人;Il Penseroso沉思的人;Comus科马斯;Lycidas列西达斯;Areopagitica 论出版自由;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense为英国人民声辩;Pro Populo Anglicano Defense Secunda再为英国人民声辩;Paradise Lost失乐园;Paradise Regained复乐园;Samson Agonistes力士参孙 John Bunyan班扬1628-1688The Pilgrim’s Progress天路历程; The Life and Death of Mr Badman培德曼先生的一生 John Donne约翰。多恩Songs and Sonnets Devotions upon emergent Occasions (The founder of the Metaphysical school of poetry) John Dryden All for Love Antony and Cleopatra An Essay of Dramatic Poesy Part4.The eighteenth Century Joseph Addison艾迪生诗：The Campaign远征；剧本：Cato加图名文；Adventure of A shilling一先令的历险 Richard Steele理查德·斯梯尔1672-1729The Christian Hero基督教徒的英雄 名文：The Spectator Club旁观者俱乐部 Alexander Pope蒲柏1688-1744Pastorals田园诗集;An Essay on Criticism批评论;Windsor Forest温莎林;The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记;The Duncial愚人志;Moral Essays道德论;An Essay on Man人论;Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot与阿布斯诺博士书 Jonathan Swift斯威夫特1667-1745The Battle of Books书的战争;A Tale of A Tub一个木桶的故事;The Drapier’s Letters布商的书信;A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议;Guilliver’s Travels格列佛游记(A Voyage to Lilliput/Brobdingnag/Laputa,Balnibarbi,Luggnagg,Glubbdubdriba and Japan/The Country of 1
刘炳善《英国文学简史》(第3版)模拟试题及详解(二)(圣才出品)
刘炳善《英国文学简史》（第3版）模拟试题及详解（二） I.Fill in the blanks 1.Two English poets,_____and_____published a book of poems Lyrical Ballads.【答案】William Wordsworth;Samuel Taylor Coleridge 【解析】1798年，华兹华斯和柯勒律治联合出版了《抒情歌谣集》，标志着英国浪漫主义的诞生。 2.Samson Agonistes was written by_____. 【答案】John Milton 【解析】《力士参孙》是英国作家John Milton的一部悲剧。 3.Of the four novels that Charlotte Bront?wrote,_____has achieved lasting fame.【答案】Jane Eyre 【解析】在夏洛特·勃朗特所写的四部小说中，《简·爱》获得了持久的名声。 4.Through the military life experience of Guy,and disillusionment of his dream of elimination of the evils through just wars,Evelyn Waugh explores in his work, _____,the nature of war. 【答案】Unconditional Surrender 【解析】伊夫林·沃在小说《无条件投降》（Unconditional Surrender）写到，盖伊希望通过战争消除罪恶的梦想最终破灭，从而以此来探索自己对战争本质的认识。
英国文学史笔记
Index The Sixteenth Century
The works of William Shakespeare are a great landmark in the history of world literature for he was one of the first founders of realism, a master hand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations. Works First period: Romeo and Juliet Second Period: 1. Hamlet, Prince of Demark 2. Othello, the Moor of Venice 3. King Lear 4. The Tragedy of Macbeth The Seventeenth Century Puritan Age Burrton?s Anatomy of Melancholy. The spiritual gloom sooner or later fastens upon all the writers of this age. This so called gloomy age produced some minor poems of exquisites workmanship, and one of great master of verse whose work would glorify any age or people---John Milton, in whom the indomitable Puritan spirit finds its noblest expression. Restoration Age As a critic, poet and playwright was the most distinguished literary figure of the restoration age. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose chief aim as to entertain the licentious aristocrats. John Donne 1. Poetry Form
英国文学史及选读教学内容
英国文学史及选读教学内容 Introduction Unit 1 The Anglo-Saxon Period （2学时） 1. Background 2. Epic & Beowulf Unit 2 The Anglo-Norman Period（2学时） 1. Background 2. Romance & Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Unit 3 Geoffrey Chaucer（2学时） 1. The Canterbury Tales 2. Popular Ballads Unit 4 The Renaissance（8学时）（重点） 1. Background 2. William Shakespeare: Hamlet: “To be or not to be” soliloquy（重点） Sonnet & Sonnet 18 Unit 5 The Period of Revolution and Restoration （4学时） 1. Background 2. John Milton: Paradise Lost 3. John Donne: Song Unit 6 The Age of Enlightenment（3学时） 1. Background 2. Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe 3. Robert Burns: A Red, Red Rose （重点） Unit 7 The Romantic Period（6学时）
1. Background 2. William Wordsworth: I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud （重点） 3. Byron: She Walks in Beauty 4. Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice（重点） Unit 8 The Victoria Period（4学时） 1. Background 2. Charles Dickens 3. Bronte Sisters: Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights Unit 9 Twentieth Century Literature（5学时） 1. Background 2. Thomas Hardy: Tess of D’Urberville s（重点） 3. D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers 参考书目 1．《英国文学史（1-4册）》，陈嘉著，商务印书馆，1999年。2．《英国文学新编》，郭群英著，外语教学与研究出版社，2001年。 3．《英国文学通史》，侯维瑞著，上海外语教育出版社，1999年。4．《英国文学简史》，刘炳善著，河南人民出版社，1993年。5．《英国文学漫话》，刘炳善著，河南大学出版社，1999年。6．《英国文学选读》，王守仁著，高等教育出版社，2001年。7．Drabble, Margaret. The Oxford Companion to English
英国文学简史期末考试复习要点 刘炳善版
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
基础英语考研(英美文学简史)考研复习考点归纳
基础英语考研（英美文学简史）考研复习考点归纳 一、《英国文学简史》考点笔记 1.1 复习笔记 早期英国文学 Early English Literature Ⅰ.Background Knowledge—The Making of England（背景知识——英国的形成） 1．The Roman Conquest (55B.C.-410A.D.) 罗马征服（公元前55年—公元410年） A. Brief Introduction（简介） Before the Roman Conquest, the early inhabitants in the island we call England were Britons, a tribe of Celts. In 55 B.C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar, the Roman conqueror. Britain was not completely subjugated to the Roman Empire until 78 A.D. But at the beginning of the fifth century, the Roman Empire was in the process of declining. In 410 A.D., all the Roman troops went back to the continent and never returned. 罗马征服之前，在英格兰岛上居住的早期居民被称为不列颠人（Britons），不列颠人是凯尔特（Celt）部落的一支。
(完整)英国文学史知识点,推荐文档
一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) 1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒) 2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法 3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法） 例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise. 二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350) Canto 诗章 1、romance 传奇文学 2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗 三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期 1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父 2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) 3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端) 大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups. 朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体 小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character. 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。 小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信) and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运). 他希望人们能从迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。 4、Popular Ballads 大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记) Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上). 歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲,一直保存着口头传播的方式
英国文学简史刘炳善
Part 1. Old and medieval Beowulf 贝尔武甫(the national epic of the English people) stricking feature: alliteration, metaphors and understatements. 1.William Langland 威廉。兰格伦: Piers the Plowman耕者皮尔斯 1.Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400: 长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂; Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作（他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人）his contribution to English poetry: introduced from France the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter (the heroic couplet), is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. Who making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech. Part 2. The English renaissance 1.Thomas More托马斯。莫尔：Utopia乌托帮 1.Philip Sidney菲力普。锡德尼：Astrophel and Stella Apology for Poetry诗辩3.Edmond Spenser埃德蒙。斯宾塞: The Faerie Queen仙后The Shepherds’s Calender 牧羊人日历 4.Francis Bacon培根1561-1626: Advancement of Learning学术的进展; Novum Organum新工具; New Atlantic新大西岛; Essays论文集（Of Studies论学习;Of Wisdom for a Man’s Self） The founder of English materialist philosophy 5.Christopher Marlowe克里斯托夫。马洛: Tamburlaine铁木耳大帝Dr.Faustus 浮士德的悲剧The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人The Passionate Shepherd多情的牧羊人致情人 6.William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616: The Tempest暴风风雨;The Two Gentlemen of Veronaz维罗纳二绅士;The Mercy Wives of Windsor温莎的风流妇人;Measure for Measure恶有恶报;The Comedy of Errors错中错;Much Ado about Nothing无事自扰;Love’s Labour’s Lost空爱一场;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;All’s Well That Ends Well皆大欢喜;Twelfth Night第十二夜;The Winter’s Tale冬天的故事;The Life and Death of King John/Richard the Second/Henry the Fifth/Richard the Third约翰王/理查二世/亨利五世/理查三世;The First/Second Part of King Henry the Fourth亨利四世（上、下）;The First/Second/Third Part of King Henry the Sixth亨利六世（上、中、下）;The Life of King Henry the Eighth亨利八世；Troilus and Cressida脱爱勒斯与克莱西达;The Tragedy of Coriolanus考利欧雷诺斯;Titus Andronicus泰特斯·安庄尼克斯;Romeo and Julet罗密欧与朱丽叶；Timon of Athens雅典的泰门;The Life and Death of Julius Caesar;朱利阿斯·凯撒；The Tragedy of Macbeth麦克白;The Tragedy of Hamlet哈姆雷特/王子复仇记;King Lear李尔王;Othello奥塞罗;Antony and Cleopatra安东尼与克利欧佩特拉;Cymbeline辛白林;Pericles波里克利斯;Venus and Adonis维诺斯·阿都尼斯;Lucrece露克利斯;The Sonnets十四行诗 The Great Comedies:A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice威尼斯商人;As You Like It如愿;;Twelfth Night第十二夜;
英国文学简史笔记
Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释) Part Two: The English Renaissance 8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空选择） 9. Renaissance（名词解释） 10.Thomas More——Utopia 11. Sonnet（名词解释） 12. Blank verse（名词解释） 13. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (col lection of his sonnets) Spenserian Stanza（名词解释） 14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements) 16. William Shakespeare可以说是英国文学史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。四大喜剧，四大悲剧比 较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的喜剧作品是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 17. Ben Jonson个别戏剧的名字要能和人对上号，如Every Man in His Humor, 二外好像在这里出过一道匹配题，但是不用看太具体。 Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution 18. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost 需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，具体情节在课本124页，另外要知道 此书theme和Satan的形象。对于Samson Agonistes要知道它是poetical drama，知道故事大概情节及 其来源。另外129页到130页brief summary中5条要看。 19. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 20. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images 21. Andrew Marvell 此人不重要，但他有一首名诗To His Coy Mistress 22. John Dryden——“All for Love”(a tragedy); “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”(Literary criticism); forerunner of the Classicism in Britain Part Four: The Eighteen Century 23. Enlightenment（名词解释） 24. Classicism（名词解释） 25. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 26. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 27. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 28. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 29. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; “The Drapier’s Letters” and “A Modest Proposal”, 后一篇比较重要，要注意后一篇作者用的irony也就是反讽手法。 30. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 31. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，179页这一节最后一段，有Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖 民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 32. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir
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