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LISREL for Windows: Getting Started Guide

Gerhard Mels

The correct bibliographic citation for this guide is as follows:

Mels, G. (2006)

LISREL for Windows: Getting Started Guide

Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.

LISREL for Windows: Getting Started Guide

LISREL is a registered trademark of Scientific Software International, Inc.

All rights reserved. This document was produced in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed, or stored in a database or retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Scientific Software International, Inc. provides a broad selection of books and electronic products to help customers use LISREL, HLM and IRT software to their fullest potential. For more information about our e-books, e-learning products, CDs, and hard-copy books, visit our web site at https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc10035058.html,/ or call 1-847-675-0720.

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URL: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc10035058.html,/

Contents

1. Introduction (1)

2. Files (2)

3. Fitting a measurement model to SPSS data (3)

4. Fitting a structural equation model to SPSS data (12)

5. Robust maximum likelihood (21)

6. Weighted least squares (25)

7. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (30)

8. Latent variable scores and observational residuals (35)

9. Using latent variable scores (40)

10. Cross validation (43)

11. Logistic regression analysis (50)

12. Censored regression analysis (52)

13. Latent growth curves (55)

14. Generalized linear models (61)

References (67)

1. Introduction

LISREL for Windows (J?reskog & S?rbom 2006) is a Windows application for Structural Equation Modeling, Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling, Multilevel Linear and Nonlinear Modeling, Formal Inference-based Recursive Modeling, and Generalized Linear Modeling. This application consists of a 32-bit Windows application LISWIN32 that interfaces with the 32-bit applications LISREL, PRELIS, MULTILEV, CATFIRM, CONFIRM, SURVEYGLIM, and MAPGLIM.

PRELIS is a 32-bit application for manipulating data, transforming data, generating data, computing moment matrices, computing asymptotic covariance matrices, performing regression analyses, performing exploratory factor analyses of ordinal and continuous variables, etc.

The 32-bit application LISREL is intended for Standard and Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling. The Full Information Maximum Likelihood (FIML) method for missing data is also available for both Standard and Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling.

MULTILEV fits multilevel linear and nonlinear models to raw data while CATFIRM and CONFIRM allow Formal Inference-based Recursive Modeling for raw categorical and continuous data respectively. SURVEYGLIM fits Generalized LInear Models (GLIMs) to data from simple random and complex survey designs while MAPGLIM fits GLIMs to multilevel data.

LISREL for Windows imports external data in formats such as SPSS, SAS, STATA, Statistica, Microsoft Excel, SYSTAT, BMDP, etc. as a PRELIS System File (PSF).

This document is intended as a tutorial to familiarize new users of LISREL for Windows with the features of the application. Section 2 describes the various files used and generated by LISREL for Windows. A step-by-step procedure to fit a measurement model to an SPSS data set with LISREL for Windows is described in Section 3. A procedure to fit a structural equation model with latent variables is outlined in Section 4. The Robust Maximum Likelihood (RML) and Weighted Least Squares (WLS) methods of LISREL for Windows are illustrated in Sections 5 and 6 respectively. A Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis model is fitted to a longitudinal data set in Section 7. Section 8 illustrates how LISREL for Windows can be used to compute latent variable scores and observational residuals. In addition, the exporting of the latent variable scores and the observational residuals as an SPSS data file is illustrated. An illustrative example of using latent variable scores is provided in section 9. Section 10 illustrates the use of the multiple group analysis feature of LISREL for Windows to assess the cross validation of a measurement model for retail experience. A logistic regression analysis of the public’s perception of their influence on government is demonstrated in the section 11. Sections 12 and 13 illustrate a censored regression analysis and a latent growth curve analysis respectively. In Section 14, a Bernoulli-Probit model is fitted to a complex survey data set.

2. Files

LISREL for Windows uses a PRELIS System File (PSF) to store raw data.

A structural equation model can be specified by means of a path diagram, a SIMPLIS project file, a LISREL project file, a SIMPLIS syntax file or a LISREL syntax file. LISREL for Windows uses a graphics file with the default extension PTH to capture a path diagram. The extensions SPJ and LPJ are used for SIMPLIS and LISREL project files respectively. SIMPLIS and LISREL syntax files are text files with the default extensions SPL and LS8 respectively. These five file types can access the data from the PSF. If a user has prepared

any of these files, then LISREL for Windows can be used to fit the specified model to the data specified in the corresponding PSF.

Path diagram, SIMPLIS project and LISREL project files are described in Du Toit & Du Toit (2001). SIMPLIS syntax files are described in J?reskog & S?rbom (1999c) and in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc10035058.html,/lisrel/techdocs/SIMPLISSyntax.pdf#pagemode=bookmarks while

the LISREL syntax files are outlined in J?reskog & S?rbom (1999b) and in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc10035058.html,/lisrel/techdocs/LISRELSyntax.pdf#pagemode=bookmarks.

Whenever PRELIS processes a PSF interactively, a PRELIS syntax file with the same file name as the PSF is created. A PRELIS syntax file is a text file with default extension PR2. PRELIS syntax files are described in J?reskog & S?rbom (1999a) and in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc10035058.html,/lisrel/techdocs/IPUG.pdf.

MULTILEV, SURVEYGLIM, MAPGLIM, CATFIRM, and CONFIRM syntax files are also text files with default extension PR2. MULTILEV syntax files are described in J?reskog et al. (2001) and in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc10035058.html,/lisrel/techdocs/MLUG.pdf while CATFIRM and CONFIRM syntax files are described in Du Toit & Du Toit (2001).

SURVEYGLIM and MAPGLIM syntax files are described in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc10035058.html,/lisrel/techdocs/SGUG.pdf#pagemode=bookmarks and in the LISREL for Windows help file respectively.

LISREL for Windows starts up by opening a main window with three menus. The File menu

can then be used to open existing or new PSFs and PTH files in PSF and PTH windows respectively. It can also be used to open new or existing LISREL and SIMPLIS project files

in LISREL and SIMPLIS project (LPJ and SPJ) windows. Text editor windows are used to display new or existing syntax files and output files. PTH, PSF, LPJ, SPJ, and text editor windows have window-specific menus.

3. Fitting a measurement model to SPSS data

LISREL for Windows can be used to fit measurement models to data. In this section, we illustrate this feature by fitting a measurement model to an SPSS data set using a path diagram and a SIMPLIS syntax file.

The data

The SPSS for Windows data file Depress.sav in the TUTORIAL subfolder contains 204 observations of 12 indicators of three latent variables. More specifically, the first 5 indicators (SELF1 to SELF5) are indicators of the latent variable Self-esteem, DEPRES1 to DEPRES4 are indicators of the latent variable Depressiveness and IMPULS1 to IMPULS3 are indicators of the latent variable Impulsiveness. The first portion of the SPSS data file is shown in the following SPSS data editor window.

The model

The theoretical measurement model is a CFA model that specifies that the 12 indicators are indeed indicators of the latent variables Self-esteem,Depressiveness,and Impulsiveness. A path diagram of this model is shown below.

Fitting the model to the data

Using a path diagram

Use the Import Data option from the File menu of the main window of LISREL for Windows to load the Open dialog box.

Select the SPSS data file (*.sav) option from the Files of type drop-down list box.

Browse for the file Depress.sav in the TUTORIAL subfolder and select it.

Click on the Open button to load the Save As dialog box.

Enter the name depress.PSF in the File name string field to produce the following dialog box.

Click on the Save button to open the following PSF window.

Click on the variable label SELF1 to highlight the entire column.

Right-click to open the variable menu as shown in the following PSF window.

Select the Define Variables option to load the Define Variables dialog box.

Select the label SELF1 to produce the following Define Variables dialog box.

Click on the Variable Type button to load the Variable Types for SELF1… dialog box. Select the Continuous radio button.

Check the Apply to all checkbox to produce the Variable Types for SELF1… dialog box below.

Click on the OK button to reload the Variable Types dialog box.

Click on the OK button to return to the PSF window.

Save your changes to the PSF by using the Save option on the File menu.

Select the New option on the File menu to load the New dialog box.

Select the Path Diagram option in the New list box.

Click on the OK button to load the Save As dialog box.

Enter the name depress1.PTH in the File name string field.

Click on the Save button to open the empty PTH window for depress1.PTH.

Select the Variables option on the Setup menu to load the Labels dialog box.

Click on the Add/Read Variables button to load the Add/Read Variables dialog box. Select the PRELIS System File option from the drop-down list box.

Click on the Browse button to load the Browse dialog box.

Browse for the file depress.PSF in the TUTORIAL subfolder and select it.

Click on the Open button to return to the Add/Read Variables dialog box.

Click on the OK button to return to the Labels dialog box.

Click on the Add Latent Variables button to load the Add Variables dialog box.

Enter the label selfest in the string field.

Click on the OK button to return to the Labels dialog box.

Click on the Add Latent Variables button to load the Add Variables dialog box.

Enter the label depress in the string field.

Click on the OK button to return to the Labels dialog box.

Click on the Add Latent Variables button to load the Add Variables dialog box.

Enter the label impuls in the string field.

Click on the OK button to produce the following Labels dialog box.

Click on the OK button to return to the PTH window for depress1.PTH.

Click, drag and drop the observed variable labels one at a time into the empty PTH window.

Click, drag and drop the latent variable labels one at a time into the empty PTH window. Click on the Arrow button on the drawing toolbar.

Click and drag 5 paths from selfest to SELF1, SELF2, SELF3, SELF4, and SELF5.

Click and drag 4 paths from depress to DEPRES1, DEPRES2, DEPRES3, and DEPRES4.

Click and drag 3 paths from impuls to IMPULS1, IMPULS2, and IMPULS3 to produce the following PTH window.

Click on the Build SIMPLIS Syntax option on the Setup menu to open the SPJ window for depress1.SPJ.

Click on the Run LISREL button to produce the following PTH window.

The requested results are listed in the text editor window for depress1.OUT.

Submitting the SIMPLIS syntax file

A SIMPLIS syntax file may also be used to generate the previous PTH window. The corresponding SIMPLIS syntax file depress1.spl, which is located in the TUTORIAL subfolder, is submitted as follows.

Select the Open option on the File menu to load the Open dialog box.

Browse for the file depress1.spl in the TUTORIAL subfolder and select it.

Click on the Open button to open the following text editor window.

Line 1 specifies the raw data source.

Lines 2 and 3 specify labels for the latent variables of the model.

Lines 4 to 7 specify the measurement model for the latent variables Self-esteem, Depressiveness and Impulsiveness.

Line 8 requests that the results in the output file should be given in terms of the LISREL model for the structural equation model (LISREL Output). It also requests that the results should be written to three decimal places (ND=3) and that the completely standardized solution should be written to the output file (SC).

Line 9 requests a path diagram of the model.

Line 10 indicates that no more SIMPLIS commands are to be processed.

Click on the Run LISREL button to produce the PTH window on the previous page.

4. Fitting a structural equation model to SPSS data

In this section, we demonstrate how to use LISREL for Windows to fit a structural equation model to SPSS data.

The data

The model

The structural equation model suggests that the latent variables Depressiveness and Impulsiveness are correlated antecedents of the latent variable Self-esteem. A path diagram of this model follows.

Fitting the model to the data

Using a path diagram

Use the Import Data option from the File menu of the main window of LISREL for Windows to load the Open dialog box.

Select SPSS data file (*.sav) from the Files of type drop-down list box.

Browse for the file Depress.sav in the TUTORIAL subfolder and select it.

Click on the Open button to load the Save As dialog box.

Enter the name depress.PSF in the File name string field to produce the following dialog box.

Click on the Save button to open the following PSF window.

Click on the variable label SELF1 to highlight the entire column.

Right-click to open the variable menu as shown in the following PSF window.

Select the Define Variables option to load the Define Variables dialog box.

Select the label SELF1 to produce the following Define Variables dialog box.

Click on the Variable Type button to load the Variable Types for SELF1… dialog box. Select the Continuous radio button.

Check the Apply to all checkbox to produce the Variable Types for SELF1… dialog box below.

Click on the OK button to reload the Variable Types dialog box.

Click on the OK button to return to the PSF window.

Save your changes to the PSF by using the Save option on the File menu.

Select the New option on the File menu to load the New dialog box.

Select the Path Diagram option in the New list box.

Click on the OK button to load the Save As dialog box.

Enter the name depress2.PTH in the File name string field.

Click on the Save button to open the empty PTH window for depress1.PTH.

Select the Variables option on the Setup menu to load the Labels dialog box.

Click on the Add/Read Variables button to load the Add/Read Variables dialog box. Select the PRELIS System File option from the drop-down list box.

Click on the Browse button to load the Browse dialog box.

Browse for the file depress.PSF in the TUTORIAL subfolder and select it.

Click on the Open button to return to the Add/Read Variables dialog box.

Click on the OK button to return to the Labels dialog box.

Click on the Add Latent Variables button to load the Add Variables dialog box.

Enter the label selfest in the string field.

Click on the OK button to return to the Labels dialog box.

Click on the Add Latent Variables button to load the Add Variables dialog box.

Enter the label depress in the string field.

Click on the OK button to return to the Labels dialog box.

Click on the Add Latent Variables button to load the Add Variables dialog box.

Enter the label impuls in the string field.

Click on the OK button to produce the following Labels dialog box.