高级英语下册的课文中英文翻译
（下）
Lesson One The Company in Which I work 我工作的公司
*In the company in which I work , each of us is afraid of at least one person .我工作的公司里，每个人都至少害怕一个人。*The lower your position is , the more people you are afraid of . 职位越低，所惧怕的人越多。
*And all the people are afraid of the twelve men at the top who helped found and build the company and now own and direct it .
所有的人都害怕那十二位顶层上司，他们帮助创建了这个公司，而且现在仍然大权在握。*All these twelve men are elderly now and drained by time 歲月滄桑and success of energy and ambition . 所有这十二位都已经上了年纪，而且岁月的沧桑和对成功的执著追求使他们心力交瘁。*Many have spent their whole lives here .They seem friendly ,slow , and content when I come upon them in the halls and always courteous(有禮貌的) and mute 沉默不語的）when they ride with others in the public elevators . 他们中很多人在这儿干了一辈子。当我在大厅里遇见他们时，他们看上去非常友善、沉稳而心满意足，而且他们与别人一起乘坐公共电梯时又总是彬彬有礼、沉默不语*Nobody is sure anymore who really runs the company ( not even the people who are credited with running it ) , but the company does run . 没有人知道谁真正经营这家公司（甚至连人们认为现在经营着这家公司的那些人都不知道），然而公司的确在运转。
*He makes it clear to me every now and then that he wishes to see everything coming out of my department before it is shown to other departments 他有时会向我表示他希望我的部门的每一项工作在其他部门知道前要先让他知道。
*and I will bypass him on most of our assignments rather than take up his time and delay their delivery to people who have an immediate need for them . 我会将大部分工作绕过格林并直接交给需要它们的人，而不愿意占他的时间。
*Most of the work we do in my department is , in the long run, trivial (鎖事). 毕竟我们部门绝大部分工作只是微不足道的。
*He turns scarlet with rage and embarrassment(惱羞成怒) is he has not seen or heard of it . 如果他从未看见或听到过的话，就更是恼羞成怒。
*The people in the company who are most afraid of most people are the salesmen . They live and work under pressure that is extraordinary . When things are bad , they are worse for the salesmen ;when things are good , they are not much better . 公司里非常惧怕大多数人的人是销售人员，他们都生活和工作在极大压力之下，当情况不好时，对销售人员来说就会更糟。而当情况较好时，他们也不会好到哪儿去。
*They are always on trial , always on the verge of failure , collectively and individually .They strain even the most secure and self assured of them , to look good on paper ; They strain工作努力even the most secure and self assured of them , to look good on paper ; and there is much paper for them to look good on .
Each week , for example , a record of the
sales results of the preceding week for
each sales office and for the Sales
Department as a whole for each division
of the company is kept and compared to
the sales results for the corresponding
week of the year before . 不论是从整体
上还是个人，他们总是在接受检查，总是
处于不合格的边缘。他们工作非常努力
（就连他们中那些很有保障的和充满自
信的人都是这样）以使在书面评语上看上
去好一些，况且要让他们看上去好的表
格多得很。比如每星期为各部门准备的
每个销售办事处及销售部所作的前一星
期的销售业绩总记录加以保存并且与前
一年同期的销售业绩相比较。
*The figures are photocopied and
distributed throughout the company to
all the people and departments whose
work is related to selling . 这些数字被复
印后发到公司的每位员工和与销售有ce
of each division of the company are
doing at any关的部门。*The result of
the photocopying and distributing is that
there is almost continuous public
scrutiny 公開審查and discussion
throughout the company of how well or
poorly the salesmen in each sales offi
given time . 这样做的结果是公司几乎一
直在对每一个分公司的销售办事处中的
销售人员在某一既定时间内的工作业绩
进行公开审查和评论。
*When salesmen are doing well , there is
pressure upon them to begin doing
better , for fear they may start doing
worse . When they are doing poorly ,
they are doing terribly . When a
salesman lands a large order or brings in
an important new account , his elation is
brief , for there is danger he might lose
that large order or important new
account to a salesman from a competing
company the next time around . 当销售
人员业绩好时，他们因为要开始使工作做
得更好，以免不如以前，从而感到压力重
重。当他们的业绩不佳时，他们就会做
得一塌糊涂` 当一个销售人员争取到了
一份大订单或者得到了一笔大的应收的
账款，他的兴奋也是短暂的，` 因为很可
能他的那份大订单或者大笔的进账下一
次有被竞争对手的公司拿去的危险，
*They are vigorous(精力旺盛) ,
fun-loving bunch愛說愛笑when they
are not suffering abdominal cramps(消
化不良)or brooding miserably about the
future ;在没有消化不良的困扰或不再
苦苦为未来忧虑时，他们是一群充满活
力、爱说爱笑的人。* on the other hand ,
they often turn cranky without warning
and complain a lot另一方面他们会突然
之间变得任性并且牢骚满腹，
*Each of them can name at least one
superior in the company who he feels has
a grudge(怨恨)against him and is
determined to wreck(毀) his career . 他
们每个人都至少能说出公司的一个上层
人物是令他极度不满并且觉得这个人会
毁了他的前程的。
*The salesmen work hard and earn big
salaries , with large personal expense
accounts that they squander(浪費，揮
霍)generously on other people in and out
of the company , including me .销售人
员工作努力，薪金丰厚，还有个人经费，
他们会把这笔个人经费挥霍在进出公司
的其他人的身上，其中包括我本人。
*They own good houses in good
communities and play good games of golf
on good private golf courses .他们在豪
宅区拥有自己的房子，在高级的私人高尔
夫球场打球。
*The company encourages this . The
company , in fact , will pay for their
country club membership and all
charges they incur(開支) there , and
rewards salesmen who make a good
impression on the golf course . 公司鼓励
这种做法。实际上，公司为他们支付乡村
俱乐部会员费以及他们在那里的所有开
支，并且对那些在高尔夫球上给人留下深
刻印象的销售人员给予奖励。
*Unmarried men are not wanted in the
Sales Department , not even widowers ,
销售部不要未婚男士，甚至连丧偶的也不
要，
*for the company has learned from
experience that it is difficult and
dangerous for unmarried salesmen to
mix socially with與社交來往prominent
executives and their wives or participate
with them in responsible civic affairs .
因为公司根据以往的经验得出，对未婚销
售人员来说与前程似锦的高级管理人员
以及他们的太太们进行社交来往或者参
与重大的活动不仅很困难而且危险。
*If a salesman’s wife dies and he is not
ready to remarry , he is usually moved
into an administrative position after
several months of mourning . 如果一位
销售人员的妻子去世了，而他又没有准备
再婚，那么通常在丧期后的几个月内他就
会调去做行政管理工作。*They thrive
on explicit guidance toward clear
objectives . 他们在上司的点拨下获得成
功，业绩蒸蒸日上。
There must be something in the makeup
of a man that enables him not only to be
a salesman , but to want to be one .一个
人一定是具备某种特殊的性格和气质才
使他不但从事销售工作而且想做一名销
售人员。
* I am very good at these techniques of
deception(欺騙), although I am not
always able anymore to deceive myself .
In fact , I am continuously astonished by
people in the company who fall victim to
their own propaganda .There are so
many now who actually believe that
what we do is really important . 虽然我
不是总能欺骗我自己，但是却很擅长这些
骗人的把戏。宣傳实际上，我经常为公司
的人们被自己的宣传所欺骗而吃惊，现
在有很多人相信我们所做的工作是非常
重要的。
*And it’s a dumb person who’s
convinced he is wise . 只有愚蠢的人才会
自作聪明。
*It‘s a real problem to decide whether
it’s more boring to do something boring
than to pass along everything boring that
comes in to somebody else and then have
nothing to do at all . 要判断究竟是干令
人生厌的工作更加烦人，还是将令人生厌
的工作交给他人处理，然后无所事事更烦
人，这真是一个问题。
*Actually , I enjoy my work when the
assignments are large and urgent and
somewhat frightening and will come to
the attention of many people . I get
scared , and am unable to sleep at night ,
but I usually perform at my best under
this stimulating (刺激)kind of pressure
and enjoy my job the most . I handle all
of these important projects myself , and I
rejoice with tremendous pride and
vanity in the compliments I receive when
I do them wel，l But between such peaks
of challenge and elation興奮there is
monotony and despair . 实际上，当任务
又大又紧而且有些令人生畏还会引起很
多人的注意时，我就非常喜欢我的工作。
我变得惴惴不安，而且夜不能寐。但在这
种极有刺激的压力下，我的表现最佳，也
最喜欢我的工作。我独自处理所有这些
重大的项目，并且当我成功地完成时，我
会因受到赞扬而沉浸在极大的自豪与虚
荣之中。但在这些挑战与兴奋的巅峰之
间是单调与绝望。
Lesson Two Eveline伊芙林
*She sat at the window watching the
evening invade the avenue大街. 她坐在
窗前看着黄昏涌上大街。*Her head was
leaned against the window curtains , and
in her nostrils鼻孔was the odour 氣味
of dusty cretonne（印花棉布） . She was
tired . 她的头靠在窗帘上，鼻孔里满是提
花窗帘布上的尘土气味。她累了。
*Home ! She looked round the room ,
reviewing all its familiar objects which
she had dusted once a week for so many
years , wondering where on earth all the
dust came from . 家!她环顾屋内，审视着
这么多年来她每周都要掸擦一遍的一切
熟悉的物品，心里奇怪究竟哪来的这么多
灰尘。
She had consented to go away , to leave
her home . Was what wise ? She tried to
weigh each side of the question .In her
home anyway she had shelter and food ;
she had those whom she had known all
her life about her . Of course she had to
work hard , both in the house and at
business . What would they say of her in
the stores when they found out that she
had run away with a fellow ? Say she
was a fool , perhaps; and her place
would be filled up by advertisement。
Miss Gavan would be glad . She had
always had an edge on her , especially
whenever there were people listening .
她已经答应离开，离开自己的家。这样
做明智吗？她试着权衡这个问题的每一
个方面。在家里不管怎么说她有吃有住；
有她认识了一辈子的人在她身边。当然
她得拼命干活，不论是在家里还是在商店
里。如果商店里的人知道她和一个男人
跑了，她们会怎么说她呢？也许说她是一
个傻瓜；她们会登广告找别人代替她的位
置。加文小姐会很高兴。她总是要压她
一头，尤其是有旁人听着的时候。
*She knew it was that that had given her
the palpitations (心驚肉跳). 她知道正是
因为这种担心才使她心惊肉跳。
*When they were growing up he had
never gone for her , like he used to go for
Harry and Ernest , because she was a
girl ; but latterly he had begun to
threaten her and say what he would do
to her only for her dead mother’s sake .
她们长大以后，他还没有像他曾经打哈利
和欧内斯特那样打过她，因为她是个女
孩；但最近他开始威胁地，说要不是因
为她死去的母亲的缘故，他会怎样对待
她。
Lesson Three What’s Wrong With Our Press? 我们的报纸问题何在？
*Newspapers have two great advantages over television报纸与电视相比具有两大优越性。They can be used by men as barriers against their wives . 男人可以把报纸作为阻隔妻子的屏障，
*The fact is that although network television still allots分配too little time to the vital service of informing the public , it does a better job in that little time than the nation’s press as a whole . And when I speak of the nation’s press as a whole , I am not speaking of the five or six splendid newspapers ----and the one great newspaper -----which serve the world as models of responsible public information . 事实的，尽管电视节目在为人众提供信息方面，安排的时间很少，但总的来说就在这有限的时间内，它在全国新闻界中做得是最出色的。这里我提到的全国新闻界，不包括那五、六家尊贵的报社——其中一家重要的报社——一被当作是全世界提供可靠消息的楷模。
*I am speaking of the local press which in hundreds of American communities is the only news available , aside from those recitals(復述) of ticker tape電訊稿that pass for radio news . 我指的是那些当地报纸。在美国的几百个社区中，除了那些把电讯稿复述一遍充当新闻广播之外，大众惟一能得到的新闻就来自这些报纸了，而它们并没有履行对大众的义务。
*Television lives on advertising to an even greater extent than newspapers , and since advertising is big business , advertising is by nature Republican .yet nowhere in network newscasts or network commentaries on current events have I encountered the intense partisanship , the often rabid bias that colors the editorial pages of the majority of newspapers in this country . 电视比报纸依靠广告的程度甚至还要大，既然广告是笔大生意，广告从本质上就是亲共和党的。然而无论在电视网的新闻节目中还是时事评论中，我都未遇到这个国家大多数报纸的社论版上所反映出的那强烈的党派性甚至常常是狂热无理的偏见。
*Fortunately for the American public , television does not tolerate the kind of distortion of fact , the kind of partisan virulence(惡毒攻擊) and personal peeve （怨恨）,many newspapers not only welcome but encourage . 幸运的是对美国公众来说，电视不允许那种对事实的歪曲，那种党派间的恶毒攻击和个人怨恨的发泄，而这是许多报纸不仅欢迎而且鼓励的。
*A newspaper has the right ----the duty even ----to assume an attitude , to take a position . But it has an equally sacred(神聖的)right to explain that position in the light of the opposing one , to document that position , and to bolster(証實) it , not with emotion but with fact . 报纸有权利甚至有责任具有某种态度、采取某一立场，但它也有同样神圣的权利参照对立的观点来解释自己的立场，通过翔实的材料来证实这一立场，并运用事实而不是感情来支持这一立场。
*One of the greatest and most justified criticisms of television has been that in appealing to the largest audience
possible , it neglects minority audiences
and minority tastes .对电视最强烈也是
最有道理的批评历来就是：它为了吸引最
大数量的观众，忽视了少数观众以及少数
人的爱好
*This is still largely true . But there is ,
perhaps , one program a day and many ,
of course , on Sunday which an
intelligent man or woman can enjoy and
derive interest from .这一批评在很大程
度上仍是正确的。但是也许一天会有一个
节目，当然星期日会有许多个节目，是能
令聪明智慧的男女喜欢并产生兴趣的。
*In my trips east or west or north or
south , I pick up the local paper to find
this enjoyment or interest ---in vain(都未
能如願) . Now , surely there’s something
wrong here . 在我走南闯北的旅行中，每
次拿起当地的报纸寻找我喜欢并感兴趣
的东西，都未能如愿，显然这里存在着某
种问题。
*They have held their franchise(特權) so
long that change has become
inadmissible (不許可的). 报纸如此长期
地享有特权，已经无法接受改变了。
Four 美国的养老政策
*Though we have begun to examine the
socially taboo(忌諱) subjects of dying
and death , we have leaped over that that
long period of time preceding death , we
have leaped over that long period of time
preceding death known as old age . 虽然
我们已开始研究有关临终和死亡这个为
社会所忌讳的题目，但是我们却跳过了死
亡来临之前、称为老年的那一段漫长的时
间。
*Death is a dramatic one-time crisis
while old age is a day-by –day and year
–by –year confrontation with (對
抗)powerful external and internal forces ,
a bittersweet coming to terms with one’s
own personality and one’s life .。死亡
是富有戏剧性的一次性危机，而老年则一
天天一年年都在与强大的内外力量抗争，
是一种苦乐参半的逐渐适应自己的个性
和生活的过程
*Our popular attitudes could be summed
up as a combination of wishful thinking
and stark terror . 可以把流行在我们之
中的态度归纳为痴心妄想和赤裸裸的恐
惧的结合。
*We base our feelings on primitive fears ,
prejudice(偏見) and stereotypes(墨守成
規) rather than on knowledge and
insight . 我们将感情建筑在原始的恐惧、
偏见和墨守成规上而不是建筑在知识和
远见之上。
*Old age is neither inherently miserable
(痛苦的)nor inherently sublime(卓越
的)---like every stage of life
老年既不是天生就是痛苦的，也不是天生
就是美满的，正如生命中每一阶段一样，
*The process of aging and eventual
death must ultimately be accepted as the
natural progression of the life cycle , the
old completing their prescribed life
spans and making way for the young .
Much that is unique in old age in fact
derives from the reality of aging and the
imminence (迫近)of death . 年老的过程
及最后的死亡必须最终作为生命周期的
自然进程被人们所接受，老人结束他们各
自的寿数，为年轻人让路。事实上，老
年独特之处多是由于衰老这一现实及死
亡之逼近。
*For many elderly Americans old age is
a tragedy, a period of quiet despair ,
deprivation desolation and muted rage .
对许多美国老年人来说，老年是个悲剧，
是沉默绝望，各方面被剥夺、凄凉孤寂、
无言的愤怒的时期，
*This can be a consequence of the kind
of life a person has led in younger years
and the problems in his or her
relationships with others . 这种情况可能
是一个人过去某种生活和他或她人际关
系上存在的问题造成的后果，
*There are also inevitable personal and
physical losses to be sustained , some of
which can become overwhelming and
unbearable 同时还要承受无法避免的失
去亲人或丧失身体机能的痛苦，有些可能
会使人难以自拔，无法忍受。
*The tragedy of old age is not the fact
that each of us must grow old and die
but that the process of doing so has been
made unnecessarily and at times
excruciatingly painful , humiliating ,
debilitating and isolating through
insensitivity , ignorance and poverty . 老
龄的悲剧并不是在于我们每个人正常变
老和死亡，而是在于这过程被冷漠、愚昧
和贫困搞得充满了不必要的，有时是难忍
的痛苦屈辱、虚弱与孤独。
*The potentials for satisfactions and
even triumphs in late life are real and
vastly underexplored 晚年生活中取得满
足甚至成功的可能性是确实存在的，而且
还远远没有发掘出来。
*Poverty or drastically lowered income
and old age go hand in hand . 贫困或收
入的大幅度下降与老年携手而至，
*People who are poor all their lives
remain poor as they grow old . Most of
us realize this. 一生贫困的人们老后仍
然贫困，我们大多数人都认识到这一点。
Savings can be wiped out by a single
unexpected catastrophe .只要一个意想不
到的灾祸就可以将积蓄化为乌有。
*When Social Security becomes the sole
o r primary income , it means
subsistence –level styles for many , and
recent increases do not keep up with
soaring costs of living . 当社会福利成为
仅有的、主要的收入时，这对许多人就意
味着仅能勉强维持生活，而且新增加的福
利金赶不上高涨的生活费用。`
*Private pension plans often do not pay
off , and pension payments that do come
in are not tied to inflationary彌補
decreases in buying power.各种非官方
的养老金制度经常不能支付全部应付金
额，而得到的养老金数目又不能弥补由
于通货膨胀而造成的购买力下降。
*Many more must deprive themselves of
essentials to keep their homes in repair .
更多的人为了保持房子适于居住进行维
修而不得不牺牲一些必需品。
*The American dream promised older
people that if they worked hard enough
all their lives , things would turn out well
for them . Today’s elderly were brought
up to believe in pride , self-reliance and
independence . Many are tough ,
determined individuals who manage to
survive against adversity . But even the
tough ones reach a point where help
should be available to them . 美国梦给
老人这样的期望，只要他们一生努力工
作，一切终会好的。今天的老人在成长
过程中受到的教育是信奉自尊、自立、自
主。许多都是能在逆境中生存下来的坚
韧不拔而又有主见的人物，但即使是坚韧
不拔的人们也会需要得到帮助。
*Medicare pays for only 45 per cent of
older people’s health expenses ;the
balance must come from their own
incomes and savings , or from Medicaid ,
which requires a humiliating (羞恥
的)means test . 国家医疗制度只支付老
年人医疗费用的45％，余下部分得从他
们自己的收入或积蓄中支付，或由医疗补
贴计划来支付，但为此必须接受令人羞辱
的家庭经济情况调查。
*A serious illness can mean instant
poverty . 一场重病可能意味着顷刻之间
变得一贫如洗。
*Because of loneliness , confusion ,
hearing and visual difficulties they are
prime victims of dishonest door –to –
door salesmen and fraudulent
advertising , and buy defective hearing
aids , dance lessons , useless “Medicare
insurance supplements “, and quack
health remedies 由于寂寞、糊涂、耳聋
眼花，他们是狡诈的挨门挨户推销商品的
人和骗人的广告的主要受害者，买下有毛
病的助听器，报名上舞蹈课，参加毫无用
处的“国家医疗保障制度补充保险”，还
购买骗人的假药。
Lesson Five Trifles (Part One ) 琐事
*They are followed by two women ---the
sheriff ‘s wife first ; she is a slight wiry
瘦长却很结实woman , with a thin
nervous face .Mrs. Hale is larger and
would ordinarily be called more
comfortable looking , but she is
disturbed now and looks fearfully about
as she enters . The women have come in
slowly , and stand close together near the
door .琐事（第一部分）
他们的身后跟着两个女人——前面的司
法官夫人，她身材略显瘦长却很结实，面
庞消瘦，而且紧张不安。后面是黑尔夫人，
她身材高大，模样平时还称得上令人愉
快，但现在却心烦意乱，一进屋就惊恐地
四处张望。两个女人缓缓地走进房间，紧
挨在一起站在门边。*She moved from
that chair to this one over here .
( pointing to a small chair in the corner . )
and just sat there with her hands held
together and looking down .I got a
feeling that I ought to make some
conversation , so I said I had come in to
see if John wanted to put in a telephone ,
and at that she started to laugh , and
then she stopped an looked at me
-----scared . ( The county attorney , who
has had his notebook out , makes a
note . ) 她从那把椅子上移到这边的这把
上（指着屋角的一把小椅子）。坐在那里
双手握在一起，两眼看着下边。我有种
感觉应该说点儿什么，于是我说我来是看
看约翰是否愿意装一部电话，她听后大笑
起来，然后停下来注视着我——神色惊
慌。（县法官早已掏出记事本，现在做了
个记录）
*I guess before we’re through she may
have something more serious than
preserves to worry about . 我猜想在我
们干完之前她可能还有比水果更重要的
东西要担心。
*The sheriff follows the county attorney
into the other room . Then Mrs. Hale
rises , hands tight together , looking intensely at Mrs. Peters , whose eyes make a slow turn , finally meeting Mrs. Hale’s. A moment Mrs. Hale holds her , then her own eyes point the way to where the box is concealed . Suddenly Mrs. Peters throws back quilt pieces and tries to put the box in the bag she is wearing . it is too big . She opens the box , starts to take bird out, cannot touch it , goes to pieces , stands there helpless . 黑尔走了出去。治安官跟着县检察官进了另一个房间，然后黑尔太太站起身，手紧紧地握在一起，紧张地看了看彼得斯太太，彼得斯太太的眼睛缓慢转过来,最终同黑尔太太的目光相对。黑尔太太注视了她一会，然后目光转向藏盒子的地方。突然，彼得斯太太把布片扔了回去，试着将盒子放进她背包里。盒子太大了。她打开盒子，想把鸟拿出来,却不敢碰它,很沮丧,无助地站在那儿。
Lesson Seven Ace in the Hole埃斯身陷困境
*No sooner did his car touch the boulevard heading home than Ace flicked on the radio . 车子刚开上通向家的大街，埃斯便啪的一声打开收音机。*His voice , though familiar , irked him ; it sounded thin and scratchy . 他的声音尽管熟悉，却让他感到厌烦；声音听起来尖细刺耳。`
*The five Kings were doing “Blueberry Hill “; to hear them made Ace feel so sure inside that from the pack pinched between the car roof and the sun shield he plucked a cigarette , hung it on his lower lip , snapped a match across the rusty place on the dash . 五王乐团正在演唱《紫浆果山》；听到他们的演唱使埃斯感到心里十分踏实，他从塞在车顶和遮阳板中间的烟盒中抽出一根烟叼在下嘴唇上，在仪表盘的生锈处擦着一根火柴。*He beat time on the accelerator . The car jerked crazily .他用脚在加速器上打拍子。汽车疯了一样一冲一冲地前进着。
*At the door of his car , it seemed stupid to him to drive the measly half block home . 在车门旁，他觉得只有半条街这点短的可怜的路还开车回家很愚蠢。
*Lesson Eight Science Has Spoiled My Supper科学毁了我的晚餐I am a fan for Science .My education is scientific and I have , in one field , contributed a monograph to a scientific journal .我是个科学迷。我是学科学的，曾为一份科学刊物写过某个领域的一篇专题文章。Science , to my mind , is applied honesty , the one reliable means we have to find out truth .在我看来，科学需运用诚实，是我们发现真理的唯一可靠的手段。T hat is why , when error is committed in the name of science , I feel the way a man would if his favorite uncle had taken to drink . 因此在以科学的名义做错事时，我的感觉就像一个人最喜欢的叔叔染上酒瘾后的心情一样。Over the years , I have come to feel that way about what science has done to food .多年以来，我感觉到科学给食品带来这样的影响。
*I agree that our food is nutritious (有營養成分)and that the diet of most of us is well-balanced . 承认我们的食物富有营养，我们多数人的饮食中营养均衡。*A grocer used to be very fussy about his
cheese . Cheddar was made and sold by
hundreds of little factories .
Representatives of the factories had
particular customers , and cheese was
prepared by hand to suit the grocers ,
who knew precisely what their patrons
wanted . Some liked them sharper ; some
liked them yellower ; some liked anise
seed in cheese ,or caraway . 过去食品
杂货商对自己出售的奶酪很挑剔。切达
奶酪是由成百的小工厂生产和销售的，
工厂的营销人员有各自的客户。奶酪都是
按食品商的要求手工制造的，他们清楚地
知道自己的老主顾想要什么样的奶酪。
有的喜欢味道重一些，有的喜欢颜色黄一
些，有的喜欢在奶酪里加或芷茴香。
*It is not possible to make the very best
cheese in vast quantities at a low average
cost . 要在平均成本低的情况下大量生
产出最上等的奶酪是不可能的。
* It is only lately that I have found how
much science of genetics is involved .
Agronomists and the like have taken to
breeding all sorts of vegetables and fruits
----changing their original nature . This
sounds wonderful and often is insane .
For the scientists have not as a rule
taken any interest whatsoever in the
taste of the things they’ve tampered
with ! 只是在最近一段时间我才发现遗
传科学在这里起了多大的作用。农学家
之类的人物搞起了各种蔬菜和水果的培
育一一改变它们原有的特性。这听起来
妙不可言而常常是极其愚蠢的。因为通常
这些科学家在鼓捣这些东西的时候对它
们的味道会变得如何丝毫不感兴趣。
*What they have done is to develop
“improved “strains of things for
every purpose but eating . 他们为了各
种目的培育“改良”品种，却不考虑吃。
It is extremely profitable because it is
efficient . What matters if such peas taste
like boiled paper wads ? 由于效率高，这
种做法极其有利可图。至于这种豌豆吃起
来像煮纸团，又有什么关系呢？
Geneticists have gone crazy over such
“opportunities “. They ‘ve developed
string beans that are straight instead of
curved , and all one length .遗传学家对
于这一类的“机会”简直着了迷，培育出
直的而不是弯的菜豆，而且全都一样长。
Ripening time and identity of size and
shape are , nowadays , more important
in carrots than the fact that they taste
like carrots . 现在胡萝卜的成熟时间和
大小形状一样比吃起来有胡萝卜味这一
事实更为重要。
*“Institutes “exist to experiment and
tell housewives how to cook attractive
meals and how to turn leftovers into
works of art . The food thus pictured
looks like famous paintings of still life .
The only trouble is it’s tasteless . 有“训
练班”专门试验，教给主妇们如何烹制一
餐好看的食物，如何把剩菜变成艺术品。
这样，拍成照片的食物看上去就像一幅
著名的静物画。唯一不尽人意的问题是吃
起来没有味道。
*I wonder if this blandness of our diet
doesn’t explain why so many of us are
overweight and even dangerously so . 我
在想不知道我们饮食的这种淡而无味的
状况，是不是造成我们之中这么多人过于
肥胖的原因，有的甚至胖到了危险的程度
`
*It is merely a hypothesis , so far , and
my own . But people have been eating
according to flavor for upwards of a
billion years . *The need to satisfy the
sense of taste may be innate and
important . 迄今为止，这仅仅是一种假
设。而且是我个人的假设。` 但是人们已
经根据滋味来吃东西吃了十亿年以上了。
满足味觉的需要很可能是人天生的重要
需求。
*When food has the flavor of library
paste , it may be the instinct of mankind
to go on eating in the unconscious hope
of finally satisfying the frustrated taste
buds . 当食物吃起来像图书馆里的浆糊，
也许人类的本能会使他不断地吃下去，不
知不觉地希望最终能满足灰心失望的味
蕾的渴望。
Lesson Nine I’ll Never Escape the Ghetto
我永不脱离黑人区
*A college venture in Watts terms is a
fateful act 在瓦茨人心目中，上大学是件
有关命运的冒险行为。There are no
retractionsor future deliverance没有退
路，也没有未来的解脱。Watts , like
other black ghettos across the country ,
is , for ambitious youths , a transient
status .(暫留之地) 像全国各地的黑人区
一样，对充满雄抱负的年青人来说，瓦茨
只是个暂留之地。Once they have left ,
there is no returning . 他们一旦离开便
不再回来。In this sense , my
credentials(証明) are unsatisfactory .从
这个意义上说，我的那些证明不能令人满
意。
*The Watts-as-a-way-station mentality
has a firm hold on both those who
remain and those who leave . Such as it
is , the ghetto is regarded as no place to
make a career for those who have a
future Without exception, the prime
American values underscore the notion .
Negroes , inside it or out , and whites too ,
behave toward the ghetto like travelers .
Accordingly , I was considered one of the
lucky ones .把瓦茨视为中转站的心态在
留下的及离去的人身上都有牢固的影响。
在这种情况下，人们认为黑人区不是有前
途的人成就一番事业的地方。. 美国的基
本价值观念也毫无例外地强调了这个看
法。黑人区内外的黑人以及白人就像游
客一样把黑人区当做旅途上的暂留之
处。因此，我被看做是个幸运儿。
*Rumors spread quickly that I was a
FBI agent . I was suspect because I was
not supposed to returned . Some people
said I was either a federal agent or a
fool , for no reasonable man , they said ,
returns to Watts by choice . 流言很快传
开，说我是联邦调查局的人。我遭到怀疑，
因为没人想到会回去。有人说我不是个
密探就是个傻瓜，因为他们说没有一个有
理性的人会自愿回到瓦茨来。
*I was especially intrigued by a career
in Watts because it was supposed to be
impossible . 我对在瓦茨做一番事业特别
感兴趣，因为人们认为这是件不可能的
事，I wanted to demonstrate that it
could be done more than anything else .
我想证明这是能够做到的，而且可以做得
更好。
*It never occurred to me at the time
what I was doing . I thought of it only as
being practical . 在当时我根本没有想到
自己在干些什么。我只是认为这是出于实
际的需要。It was important to me to do
well in college . Community identity was
secondary , if a consideration at all .在
大学里干得好对我来说很重要，即使我考
虑到社区身份，那也只是次要的。
*the typical European response was
unlike anything I had seen before . They
had no homes or businesses to worry
about protecting . They wanted to know
why Negroes did not riot more often . As
the only Negro in the summer session I
felt awkward for a time . 欧洲人典型的
反应是我过去从未见到过的。他们无需为
保护自己的家庭和企业操心。他们想要
知道为什么黑人不经常发动暴乱。作为
暑期班里唯一的黑人学生，我一度觉到十
分尴尬。
*In one sense，I was the archetype of the
ghetto child who through hard work and
initiative was pulling himself toward a
better life. 我是通过勤奋努力和主动精
神使自己的生活得以改善的黑人区后代
的典范。I was the example ,the
exception . It was my life that was held
up to Watts youth to emulate . 我是个
榜样，也是个例外。我的生活成为瓦茨青
年仿效的榜样。In another sense ,
however , my feelings toward the rioting
were predictable . 然而，在另一方面，
我对暴乱的感受是在意料之中的。I had
always been bothered by the passivity of
the ghetto . 黑人区的消极顺从向来使
我不安。
*Earlier I had thought the success I had
won satisfied an obligation I had to all
Negroes .过去我认为我取得的成功使我
能履行自己对所有黑人的责任，It is
part of the lip service every successful
Negro is obliged to pay to the notion(觀
念)of race progress whenever he
achieves . 这是每一个有成就的黑人在取
得成功后不得不对种族进步的观念在口
头上作出表示的一部分。
*I suspected at the time and now realize
that the riots were perhaps the most
significant massive action taken by
Northern Negroes . It was a watershed in
the ghetto’s history . Before the riots ,
the reach of the Negro movement in
America seemed within the province of a
small civil rights leadership . Now Watts ,
and places like Watts , were redefining
the role of black men in their city’s life .
当时我猜想，现在则更加认识到暴乱也许
是北方黑人采取的最有意义的大规模行
动，是黑人区历史的分水岭。
在此之前美国黑人运动的规模似乎只局
限于狭小的民权运动领导范围之内。现
在瓦茨以及像瓦茨这样的地方正在重新
界定黑人在他们城市生活中的角色
*The problem of the poor and of the city
in America , simplified , is the problem
of the ghetto Negro.美国的贫困问题与
城市问题简单来看就是居住在黑人区的
黑人问题。There is a difference between
my schooling and the wisdom of the
street corner . 我受的学校教育和街头文
化之间存在差别。
Lesson Ten How Market Leaders Keep
their Edge领先市场的公司怎样保持竞争
优势
*The first value discipline we call
operational excellence第一种价值类型
我们称之为运作卓越型。Companies that pursue this are not primarily product or service innovators, nor do they cultivate deep , one –to-one relationships with customers .追求这种价值的公司既不是产品和服务的革新者，也不培养和顾客一对一的密切关系。
*The second value discipline we call product leadership . 第二种价值类型我们称之为产品领先型。I ts practitioners concentrate on offering products that push performance boundaries 产品领先型公司倾全力提供性能最好的产品。Their proposition to customers is an offer of the best product , period . 他们为顾客服务的宗旨是：提供最好的产品。Moreover , product leaders do not build their positions with just one innovation ; 此外，产品领先者并不止步于只是一种革新，For these product leaders , competition is not about price or customer service ( though those can’t be ignored ) , it’s about product performance( .对于这些产品领先者来说，他们要竞争的不是产品价格或对顾客的服务（虽然这两条不能忽视），而是产品的性能。
*The third value discipline we have named customer intimacy。第三种价值类型我们称之为亲密顾客型。I ts adherents (信念)focus on delivering not what the market wants but what specific customers want .这类公司着重提供的不是市场的需求，而是特定顾客群体需求。Customer-intimate companies do not pursue one-time transactions; they cultivate relationships .与顾客关系密切的公司追求的不是一次性的交易，他们培养与顾客之间的关系。They specialize in satisfying unique needs , which often only they recognize , through a close relationship with ---and intimate knowledge of ----the customer . 他们满足顾客的特殊需求，而这些需求，只有靠他们和顾客建立密切关系，深入了解才能获知。Their proposition to the customer: We have the best solution for you , and we provide all the support you need to achieve optimum results , or value , or both , from whatever products you buy . 他们为顾客服务的宗旨是：我们为你提供最佳解决办法，提供你所需的一切支持以达到你所购买的任何产品的最佳效果或价值，或两者兼顾。
*Winning through Cost ，Operationally excellent companies deliver a combination of quality , price , and ease of purchasethat no one else in their market can match . They are not product or service innovators , nor do they cultivate one-to-one relationships with customers. They execute extraordinarily well , and their proposition to customers is guaranteed low price or hassle –free service , or both . 以价格取胜运作卓越型公司提供一种质量、价格、购物便利的组合，这是市场上其他公
司无法与之相比的。他们不是产品或服务的革新者，也不发展与顾客一对一的密切关系。他们把公司经营得非常出色，他们对顾客的服务宗旨是确保低价位，或无麻烦的服务，或两者兼有。
*Winning with Great Products以优质产品取胜Companies pursuing product leadership continually push products into the realm of the unknown , the
untried , or the highly desirable .追求产
品先领先地位的公司不断努力生产出别
人未知的，未尝试过的，或极具吸引人
的产品。Reaching that goal requires that
they challenge themselves in three ways .
要想达到这个目标要求，他们必须在三个
方面挑战自我。
*First , they must be creative . More
than anything else , being creative means
recognizing and embracing ideas that
may originate anywhere ----inside the
company or out .首先，他们必须富有
创造性。富有创造性最主要的是能认别并
容纳来源不同的主意，无论是公司那还是
公司外。Second , they must
commercialize their ideas quickly . To do
so , all their business and management
processes are engineered for speed .其
次，他们必须迅速地使自己的想法商品
化。要做到这一点，其所有的业务和管理
进程都要加快速度。Third and most
important ,they must relentlessly pursue
ways to leapfrog their own latest product
or service . 第三点也是最重要的一点，
他们必须坚持不懈地寻找超越自己最新
产品和服务的途径。
*product leaders create and maintain an
environment that encourages employees
to bring ideas into the company and ,
just as important , to listen to and
consider these ideas , however
unconventional . 产品领先公司创建和保
持一种环境，鼓励员工把新想法带入公
司，不管这些想法多么不合常规也要倾
听和考虑。Companies excelling in
product leadership do not plan for every
possible contingency , nor do they spend
much time on detailed analysis . 以产品
领先而著称的公司不为每一个可能发生
的意外事件做计划，也不花太多的时间
做详细的分析。` Their strength lies in
reacting to situations as they occur . Fast
reaction times are an advantage when
dealing with the unknown . 他们的力量
体现在对所发生的情况做出反应。当处理
未知的事情时，快速反应是优势。
*Product leaders have a vested interest
in protecting the entrepreneurial
environment that they have created . To
that end , they hire , recruit , and train
employees in their own mold . When it is
time for Vistakon to hire new
salespeople , for example , its managers
do not look for people experienced in
selling contact lenses ; they look for
people who will fit in with j&J ‘s
culture . That means their first question
isn’t about a candidate’s related
experience ; it’s more likely to be ,
“Could you work cooperatively in
teams ?”or “How open are you to
criticism ?”产品领先公司对保护他们所
建造的企业环境拥有既得的利益。
为了达到那个目的，他们以自己的模式雇
用、招收、培训员工。比如说，当卫康
公司要聘用新销售员时其经理所要聘用
的不是有销售隐形眼镜经验的人，而是将
能适应强生公司文化的人。也就是说，
他们所问的第一个问题不是关于应聘者
的相关经验，
而很可能是：“你能与团队合作工作吗？”
或者是“你能怎样虚心接受批评？”
*Product leaders are their own fiercest
competitors .产品领先公司最激烈的竞
争对手就是自己。They no sooner cross a
frontier than they are scouting the next .
他们刚刚跨越一个新领域就开始探索下
一个更新的领域。They must be adept at
rendering obsolete the products and
services they have created , 他们必须善
于使自己的产品和服务淘汰。T hey
realize that if they don’t develop a
successor , another company will .他们
知道如果自己不开发更新换代的产品，其
他公司也会这样做的
*A company that delivers value via
customer intimacy builds bonds with
customers like those between good
neighbors . Customer-intimate
companies don’t deliver what the
market wants but what a specific
customer wants . 一个通过与顾客建立
密切关系而实现其价值的公司与顾客建
立友邻一样的联系。顾客亲密型公司并
不提供市场所需的，而是提供某特定的顾
客所需的东西。
*The customer-intimate company makes
a business of knowing the people it sells
to and the products and services they
need . It continually tailors its products
and services and does so at reasonable
prices . 顾客亲密型公司认为了解其顾客
以及顾客所需的产品和服务至关重要。
它不断地使其产品和服务迎合顾客要求，
而且价格合理。
*The Key is to segment the market
vertically . This enables the company to
pitch specific customers with specialized
services that no other company can
begin to provide . Example: One
customer segment is the legal profession .
cable& Wireless is developing features
and function that have tremendous
appeal to lawyers . 垂直分割市场至关重
要。这样做可以使公司选定特定的客户群
并提供给他们其他公司无法提供的特殊
服务比如；一个划分的客户群体是法律
专业人士。Cable & Wireless公司研究开
发出对律师们有极大吸引力的具有独特
功能的特色服务。
*The company wants customers to feel
they’re getting the support of not just
the sales force but of the entire company .
公司要顾客感到他们得到的支持不仅来
自公司的销售人员而且来自整个公司
Top management empowers all
employees who work with customers to
make sophisticated decisions . 高级管理
层授权所有与顾客打交道的员工以做出
老练的决定。Pricing was once the
domain of corporate pricing gurus . No
longer . 定价权曾经只掌握在公司定价
权威人士手中，而现在再也不是这样了。
Lesson Eleven On Human Nature and
Politics论人性与政治
* Undoubtedly the desire for food has
been, and still is, one of the main causes
of great political events. But man differs
from other animals in one very
important respect, and that is that he has
desires which are, so to speak, infinite,
which can never be fully gratified, and
which would keep him restless even in
Paradise. the boa constrictor, when he
has had an adequate meal , goes to sleep,
and does not wake until he needs another
meal. Human beings, for the most part ,
are not like this. When the Arabs, who
had been used to living sparingly on a
few dates , acquired the riches of the
Eastern Roman Empire and dwelt in
palaces of almost unbelievable luxury ,
they did not, on that account , become
inactive. Hunger could no longer be a
motive, for Greek slaves supplied them
with exquisite viands at the slightest nod.
But other desires kept them active: four
in particular, which we can label
acquisitiveness, rivalry, vanity and love
of power. 勿容置疑，对于食物的欲望一
直是并仍然是导致重大政治事件的主要
原因之一。但人与其他动物有一个很重要
的区别，那就是人有着可谓无休止的欲
望，永远不可能得到完全满足，即使到
了天堂也还不得安宁巨蟒饱餐一顿后就
睡觉，直到需要再吃一顿时才醒来。对于
大多数人来说并非如此。阿拉伯人曾习惯
于靠吃几个枣子节俭度日，当他们获得东
罗马帝国的财富，居住在几乎令人难以置
信的豪华宫殿中时，他们并未因此就闲
居不动了。饥饿不可能再是一个动机，因
为只需轻轻一点头，希腊奴隶就会奉上
精美佳肴。但是别的欲望使他们继续活
跃，主要有四种欲望，我们称之为,占有
欲,竞争欲，虚荣心和权力欲。
*Acquisitiveness the wish to possess as
much as possible of goods, or the title to
goods is a motive which, I suppose, has
its origin in a combination of fear with
the desire for necessaries. 占有欲——希
望占有尽可能多的财产或对财产的所有
权——在我看来是一种动机，它根源于恐
惧和对拥有生活必需品的欲望的结合。
The world would be a happier place than
it is if acquisitiveness were always
stronger than rivalry . 如果占有欲总是
强于竞争欲的话，世界将是一个比现在更
快乐的地方。
*Mankind have even committed the
impiety of attributing similar desires to
the deity, whom they imagine avid for
continual praise.人类甚至犯下不敬之
罪，将类似的欲望也加在神明身上，认为
他们也渴望得到不停的赞美。
*Power, like vanity, is insatiable. 同虚荣
心一样，权力欲也是永远无法满足的，
Nothing short of omnipotence could
satisfy it completely. 除非是无限权力，
否则什么也不能使它完全满足。And as
it is especially the vice of energetic men,
the casual efficacy of love of power is out
of all proportion to its frequency. 但事
实上，特别是精力旺盛的人的恶习，权欲
的偶尔实现与权欲的频繁滋生两者完全
不成比例。It is, indeed, by far the
strongest motive in the lives of important
men. 这的确是大人物生活中最强烈的
动机。
*Human beings show their superiority to
the brutes by their capacity for boredom,
though I have sometimes thought, in
examining the apes at the Zoo, that they,
perhaps, have the rudiments of this
tiresome emotion . 人类优越于畜生之处
表现在他们会感到厌倦，虽然在观察动物
园的猿类时，我有时会想它们或许也有这
种厌倦情绪的萌芽。
*Red Indians, while they were still
unaffected by white men, would smoke
their pipes, not calmly as we do, but
orgiastically, inhaling so deeply that they
sank into a faint . 红种印第安人在还未
受到白人影响时，抽他们自己的烟斗，不
像我们这样平平静静地吸，而是放任地深
深地吸，以致于昏了过去。And when
excitement by means of nicotine failed, a patriotic orator would stir them up to attack a neighbouring tribe, which would give them all the enjoyment that we (according to our temperament ), derive from a horse race or a General Election. 当尼古丁造成的刺激消逝后，一个爱国的演说家就会鼓动他们去攻击邻近的一个部落，这就会给他们带来快乐，就像我们（根据我们的不同性格）从赛马或大选中得到的这种快乐。With civilized men, as with primitive Red Indian tribes, it is, I think,chiefly love of excitement which makes the populace applaud when war breaks out ;对文明人和原始的红种印第安人部落来说，我认为，主要是出于追求刺激才会使老百姓在战争爆发时鼓掌欢呼
*What is serious about excitement is that so many of its forms are destructive. 追求刺激的严重性在于它的许多形式是有破坏性的。It is destructive in those who cannot resist excess in alcohol or gambling. 对那些抵制不住过度饮酒或赌博的人来说，它是有破坏性的。It is destructive when it takes the form of mob violence. 当它以暴民暴乱的形式出现时，它是有破坏性的。And above all it is destructive when it leads to war. 尤其当它引发战争时，它是有破坏性的。It is so deep a need that it will find harmful outlets of this kind unless innocent outlets are at hand. 寻找刺激是如此强烈的需要，如果身边没有无害的途径，它便会找到这类有害的途径来发泄。
*Civilized life has grown altogether too tame, and, if it is to be stable, it must provide harmless outlets for the impulses which our remote ancestors satisfied in hunting. 文明生活变得完全驯化了，如果要使之稳定，就必须为我们远祖从狩猎中得到满足的那种冲动提供无害的发泄途径。
Lesson Twelve The Everlasting Witness永恒的证据
*Marian opened her mouth to tell them what she had done the night before and then she closed it on brioche, no words. What she had done was to try and find the film again, the war newsreel in which she had seen Jerry, her son. Or had she seen him? They ought to be told that the uncertainty had not been removed by this trip to Mexico. But her next and clearer thought was that this matter was all her own and had to be accomplished without help. Evidence of that was her husband's letting her come down alone ; the trip to Mexico was for her to find herself, get back on her feet , return to him healed. 玛丽安张开嘴想告诉他们她前一天晚上做了什么，可是她咬了一口黄油点心把嘴闭上了，什么也没有说。她前一天晚上做的就是试图重新找到那部电影，那部战争新闻短片，她在里面看到过她的儿子杰里。可是她看到他了吗？应该告诉他们这次旅行并没有消除她心中的疑惑。但接下来她有了更明确的想法，这件事是她自己的事，不需要别人来帮助她完成。丈夫让她独自一人到墨西哥就证明了这一点；这次来墨西哥就是为了让她弄清自己的处境，重新站起，抚平心灵的创伤后回到他身边。
* Downtown, she parked her car in a garage. Everything was getting ready for this moment. She did not carry the flowers in her car but she carried them
in her heart. Now she was going to find
out whether it was death or life. Either
she could tolerate . It did not occur to
her that the newsreel might not be there.
在市中心她将车停在停车场。一切都在为
这一刻做准备。她没有将花放在车里带
来，但她它们放在心里带来了现在她要去
看看杰里到底是生还是死。无论是生还是
死她都能忍受。她从未想过也许那里并不
上演新闻短片。
*Right in front of a parking place at the
flower market, the opener and closer of
doors, the idiot, sat on the curb with his
knees doubled over into the gutter.(水
槽)was sleeping, his head thrown back
against a telephone pole. His hands were
thrown down on the cement (水泥)he
sidewalk, no longer trembling, but
abandoned . Nor was his head trembling
and shaking. His face asleep was
beautiful. He was not old, no, not old nor
bloated (浮腫)he had thought him, but
thin and defenceless as the sleeping
young are, beautiful, and an idiot. 在花
市的停车场前面，那个开关车门的人，那
个白痴，坐在马路牙子上，双腿弯曲伸进
路沟里。
他在睡觉，他的头后仰靠在电线杆上。他
的双手耷拉在水泥人行道上，不在颤抖
了，而是听任着他们耷拉在那里。
他的头也不再颤抖摇晃了。他熟睡的脸很
美。他不老，不，不像她原来把他想象得
那样苍老浮肿，而是一个瘦削的、像熟睡
的孩子那样无助的白痴，一个面容娇好的
白痴。
Lesson Thirteen Selected Snobberies势利
种种
*All men are snobs about something.
One is almost tempted to add : There is
nothing about which men cannot feel
snobbish. But this would doubtless be an
exaggeration. There are certain
disfiguring and mortal diseases about
which there has probably never been any
snobbery. I cannot imagine, for example,
that there are any leprosy-snobs. More
picturesque diseases, even when they are
dangerous, and less dangerous diseases,
particularly when they are the diseases
of the rich, can be and very frequently
are a source of snobbish self-importance.
人人都有势利之处。人们几乎很想加一
句：任何东西都可引起人们的势利感。不
过这一点无疑会是一种夸张。也许对某些
毁容或致命的疾病从来没有使人感到势
利，例如我无法想像会有麻风病势利者。
一些纵使有危险但较为别致的疾病，以及
不太危险的病，特别是富人爱得的病，能
够并常常是使人感到势利、自以为了不起
的根源。
*I have met several adolescent
consumption-snobs , who thought that it
would be romantic to fade away in the
flower of youth , like Keats or Marie
Bashkirtseff. Alas,我遇见过好几位因患
肺结核而有势利感的年轻人，他们觉得很
像济慈或玛丽?巴什基尔采夫那样在青春
妙龄时死去是很浪漫的一件事。
*Disease-snobbery is only one out of a
great multitude of snobberies, of which
now some, now others take pride of place
in general esteem.因疾病而生之势利仅
是众多的势利中的一种，在这众多的势利
中，有时有这样或那样的势利在人们心目
中独尊其位，
且在某些圈子里还是相当受赞赏的事。
*At the same time, of course, the
producer must do his bit by producing
nothing but the most perishable articles ,
当然，与此同时，生产者必须尽一己之力，
只生产最易损坏的东西。
*For modernity-snobs naturally tend to
throw away their old possessions and
buy new ones at a greater rate than those
who are notmodernity-snobs.因为新潮
势利者自然会比无此势利感的人更快地
抛弃他们所拥有的旧东西并购买新东西。
Therefore it is in the producer's interest
to encourage modernity-snobbery.
Which in fact he does do on an enormous
scale and to the tune of millions and
millions a year by means of advertising.
因此鼓励新潮势利感是对生产者有利的，
而实际上他也是这样做的，以一年成百上
千万的金钱大规模进行广告宣传。The
newspapers do their best to help those
who help them; and to the flood of
advertisement is added a flood of less
directly paid-for propaganda in favour
of modernity-snobbery. 报纸也尽一切力
量帮助那些帮助它们的人们，在洪水般的
广告之外再加上洪水般的不那么直接花
钱去做的有利于新潮势利感的宣传。The
public is taught that up-to-datedness is
one of the first duties of man. 公众被教
育说保持时尚是人类首要的职责之一，
Docile, it accepts the reiterated
suggestion. 驯服的公众接受了这个一再
被重申的启事。
4Most of us are also art-snobs. There
are two varieties of art-snobbery the
platonic and the unplatonic. Platonic
art-snobs merely "take an interest" in
art. Un platonic art-snobs go further and
actually buy art. Un platonic
art-snobbery is a hybrid or mule ; for it
is simultaneously a sub-species of
culture-snobbery and of
possession-snobbery. 我们中多数人也是
艺术势利者，这种势利感有两类，一是纯
精神的，另一类则与之相反。纯精神的艺
术势利者只是对艺术“感兴趣”，非精神
的则进一步而且真的购买艺术,这种势利
感是一种杂交品种或者说是一头骡子，因
为它同时是文化势利感和财产势利感的
亚种，
*A society with plenty of snobberies is
like a dog with plenty of fleas: it is not
likely to become comatose,(昏睡狀態) 一
个有许多种势利感的社会就像一只有许
多跳蚤的狗，它不太可能变得麻木倦惰。
Every snobbery demands of its, devotees
unceasing efforts, a succession of
sacrifices.每种势利感都要求其信徒作
出不懈的努力，一个接一个的牺牲。
* If we regard activity as being in itself a
good, then we must count all snobberies
as good ; for all provoke activity.如果我
们把行动本身看作是好事，那么我们必须
把一切势利感当作好事，因为它们全都能
引起行动。If, with the Buddhists , we
regard all activity in this world of
illusion as bad, then we shall condemn
all snobberies out of hand. 如果我们和
佛教徒一样，认为在这个虚幻的世界上一
切行动都是坏事，那么我们就会立即谴责
所有的势利感。Most of us, I suppose,
take up our position somewhere between
the two extremes . We regard some
activities as good, others as indifferent or
downright bad. 我认为我们多数人所采
取的立场是介于这两个极端之间的某个
地方，我们把某些行动看作是好的，某些
是无关紧要的，或彻底坏的。Our
approval will be given only to such
snobberies as excite what we regard as
the better activities ; 我们赞成的只能是
那些激起我们认为是较好的行动的势利
感, the others we shall either tolerate or
detest . 其余的我们只能或容忍、或憎恶。
`
Lesson fourteen Saturday Night and
Sunday Morning星期六的晚上和星期日
上午
*Another solitary man was fishing
further along the canal, but Arthur knew
that they would leave each other in peace,
would not even call out greetings . No
one bothered you: you were a hunter, a
dreamer, your own boss away from it all
for a few hours on any day that the
weather did not throw down its rain .
Like the corporal in the army who said it
was marvelous the things you thought
about as you sat on the lavatory. Even
better than that, it was marvelous the
things that came to you in the
Tranquility of fishing. 不远处还有一个
人沿着运河边在独自垂钓，但阿瑟知道他
俩可以互不干扰各钓各的鱼，甚至没必要
相互打招呼问候。没人打扰你：你是猎人、
梦想家，是自己的老板，在不下雨的日子
里，你可以有几个小时的时间摆脱所有的
烦恼。像军队里的那位下士所说坐在马
桶上想到的事情真是太奇妙。在垂钓的宁
静中想起的事情比在马桶上想起的事情
更美妙。
*With float bobbing before him once
more he sat down to wait. This time it
was war, and he wanted fish to take
home, either to cook in the pan or feed to
the cat. 浮标又一次被投入水中，在他面
前上下摆动，他坐下来等。这回可是一场
真正的战争，他要把鱼带回家，放在锅里
煎或喂猫。It's trouble for you and
trouble for me, and all over a piece of
bait(誘餌), The fattest worm of the lot is
fastened to the hook, so don't grumble
when you feel that point sticking to your
chops. 这对你对我都是个麻烦，都是因
为这一诱饵引起的。在鱼钩上放上所有鱼
饵中最肥的一只虫子，所以当鱼钩叉入你
的嘴中时，你可别抱怨。
Lesson Fifteen Is America Falling Apart?
美国在分崩离析吗？
*His car needs mechanics, and
mechanics grow more expensive and less
efficient. The gadgets in the home are
cheaper to replace than repair. The more
efficiently self-contained the home seems
to be, the more dependent it is on the
great impersonal corporations, as well as
a diminishing army of servitors. Skills at
the lowest level have to be wooed
slavishly and exorbitantly rewarded.
Plumbers will not come. Nor, at the
higher level, will doctors. And doctors
and dentists know their scarcity value
and behave accordingly .他的汽车需要
机修工人，而请机修工的费用变得越来越
贵，其效率却越来越低。家用小装置买新
的要比修理便宜。在家庭里越是显得设备
齐全，就越要依赖于冷漠的大公司和人数
日益减少的服务人员。技术再低的工人也
要卑躬屈膝地去恳求，还要付给昂贵的报
酬。管子工叫不来，在更高的层次上，大
夫更是难请。医生和牙医知道物以稀为
贵，并以此指导自己的行为。
*It has been assumed that the youth of America has been in the vanguard of the discovery of both the disease and the cure.The various escapist movements, however, have committed the gross error of assuming that original sin rested with their elders, their rulers, and that they themselves could manifest their essential innocence by building little ne-Edens. The drug culture could confirm that the paradisal vision was available to all who sought it 人们认为，美国青年是发现社会疾病和其治疗方法的先锋。
然而各式各样的逃避现实的运动，都犯下了这样一个严重的错误，即认为只有他们的长辈，他们的统治者身上才有原罪，而他们自己可以用建立小的伊甸园的方法来表明自己本质的清白无辜。毒品文化可以进一步证明，一切寻求它的人都能得到天堂的幻景。.
Sixteen through the tunnel
Going to the shore on the first morning of the holiday, the young English boy stopped at a turning of the path and looked down at a wild and rocky bay , and then over to the crowded beach he knew so well from other years. His mother walked on in front of him, carrying a bright-striped bag in one hand. Her other arm, swinging loose , was very white in the sun. The boy watched that white, naked arm, and turned his eyes, which had a frown behind them, towards the bay and back again to his mother. 假期的第一个早晨，这个英国男孩在去海边的路上的一个转弯处停了下来，他俯视着波涛汹涌、礁石林立的海湾，又看了看近年来他非常熟悉的拥挤的海滩。他的母亲走在他的面前，一只手提着一个镶着，她那另一只松弛摆动的胳膊在阳光下显得白白的。男孩看了看那裸露的白白的胳膊，即而将视线转向海湾，眼睛有一种不高兴的神情，接着又转向他的母亲。
* "Oh, no!" he said quickly, smiling at her out of that unfailing impulse of contrition(悔悟) a sort of chivalry(騎士) . Yet, walking down the path with her, he blurted out (突然), "I'd like to go and have a look at those rocks down there." “哦，不！”他很快答到，脸上带着那种充满懊悔之情的笑容--一种骑士般的彬彬有礼。可是，当他和她走在小路上时，他突然说：“我想去看看那里的那些礁石。”
*She gave the idea her attention. It was a wild-looking place, and there was no one there, but she said, "Of course, Jerry. When you've had enough, come to the big beach. Or just go straight back to the villa, if you like." She walked away, that bare arm, now slightly reddened from yesterday's sun, swinging. And he almost ran after her again, feeling it unbearable that she should go by herself, but he did not. 她注意到了他的想法，那是荒凉的地方，一个人也没有，但是她还是说：“当然可以，杰里。你玩够了，就到大海滩上来，或者如果你愿意，直接回别墅也行。”她走开了，那条裸露的胳膊来回摆着。因为昨天晒了太阳现在已经有点发红了。他开始又差点儿跟在她后面跑起来，觉得不应该让她自己走，但他没有想这样做。*He was a good swimmer. He went out fast over the gleaming(閃光) sand, over a middle region where rocks lay like discoloured monsters under the surface ,and then he was in the real sea a warm sea where irregular cold currents from the deep water shocked his limbs.他是一名很好的游泳者，他很快游到了闪光的沙子上，到了就像有褪了色的水下魔鬼一样的礁石中间区域，
然后他到了真正的海里，一片温暖的海水，在这里来自深海的寒冷的水流不时撞击着他的四肢。
大学高级英语课文翻译
第一课救赎 ----兰斯顿.休斯 在我快13岁那年，我的灵魂得到了拯救，然而并不是真正意义上的救赎。事情是这样的。那时我的阿姨里德所在的教堂正在举行一场盛大的宗教复兴晚会。数个星期以来每个夜晚，人们在那里讲道，唱诵，祈祷。连一些罪孽深重的人都获得了耶稣的救赎，教堂的成员一下子增多了。就在复兴晚会结束之前，他们为孩子们举行了一次特殊的集会——把小羊羔带回羊圈。里德阿姨数日之前就开始和我提这件事。那天晚上，我和其他还没有得到主宽恕的小忏悔者们被送去坐在教堂前排,那是为祷告的人安排的座椅。 我的阿姨告诉我说：“当你看到耶稣的时候，你看见一道光，然后感觉心里似乎有什么发生。从此以后耶稣就进入了你的生命，他将与你同在。你能够看见、听到、感受到他和你的灵魂融为一体。”我相信里德阿姨说的，许多老人都这么说，似乎她们都应该知道。尽管教堂里面拥挤而闷热，我依然静静地坐在那里，等待耶稣的到来。 布道师祷告，富有节奏，非常精彩。呻吟、喊叫、寂寞的呼喊，还有地狱中令人恐怖的画面。然后他唱了一首赞美诗。诗中描述了99只羊都安逸的待在圈里，唯有一个被冷落在外的情形。唱完后他说道：“难道你不来吗？不来到耶稣身旁吗？小羊羔们，难道你们不来吗？”他向坐在祷告席上的小忏悔者们打开了双臂，小女孩们开始哭了，她们中有一些很快跳了起来，跑了过去。我们大多数仍然坐在那里。 许多长辈过来跪在我们的身边开始祷告。老妇人的脸像煤炭一样黑，头上扎着辫子，老爷爷的手因长年的工作而粗糙皲裂。他们吟唱着“点燃微弱的灯，让可怜的灵魂得到救赎”的诗歌。整个教堂里到处都是祈祷者的歌声。 最后其他所有小忏悔者们都去了圣坛上，得到了救赎，除了一个男孩和依然静静地坐着等侯的我。那个男孩是一个守夜人的儿子，名字叫威斯特里。在我们的周围尽是祈祷的修女执事。教堂里异常闷热，天色也越来越暗了。最后威斯特里小声对我说：“去他妈的上帝。我再也坐不住了，我们站起来吧，就可以得到救赎了。”于是他就站了起来，也因此得到了救赎。 祈祷席上只剩下我一个人孤零零的。里德阿姨走过来，开始跪在我的旁边，小声哭泣。祷告者的诵诗充满了整个教堂。所有人都在为我一个人祈祷，时而呻吟时而呼号。我依然很平静的等待耶稣，等待等待——可是他没有来。我希望可以看见他，可是什么都没有发生。我希望有些事发生，可什么都没有变化。 我听见大主教说：“为什么你不来呢？我亲爱的孩子，为什么你不来到耶稣身边？他正等着你。他需要你。为什么你不来呢？里德修女，这个孩子叫什么名字？” “休斯顿。“我的阿姨啜泣着说。”休斯顿，你为什么不过来，得到救赎呢哦上帝的小羊羔啊，你为什么不过来呢？“现在天真的黑了。我开始惭愧，是自己把他们托得这么晚。我开始想上帝会怎么认为威斯特里。他当然也没有看见主，但现在正骄傲地坐在圣坛上，晃着灯笼裤的褪，露齿嘲笑我。周围围着一群跪着祈祷的老女人。上帝并没有因为他亵渎神灵或在教堂里撒谎而惩罚他。所以我决定也许为了省去更多的麻烦，我最好也撒谎，说耶稣已经来了，然后站起来，得到救赎。 于是我站了起来。 整个屋子突然成了欢呼的海洋，当她们看见我站起来时。欢呼声一阵接着一阵。女人们跳了起来。我的阿姨拥抱了我，大主教拉起我的手，把我牵到了主席台上。 当一切渐渐平息的时候，教堂安静了下来，只听见几声愉悦的阿门。所有的小羊羔们都得到了上帝的祝福。教堂里充满了欢悦的吟唱。 但那天晚上我却哭了。那是我一生倒数第二次哭泣，因为我已经是个12岁的大男孩了。我独自一人躺在床上，哭泣不已。担心里德阿姨会听到，我把头埋在被子下面。她还是醒了，告诉我的叔叔说：“我哭是因为神圣的上帝进入了我的生命，因为我看见了耶稣。但是我哭的真正原因是我羞于告诉她我撒谎了，我骗了教堂里所有人。我没有看见耶稣，我也不再相信有一个耶稣，因为他没有来拯救我。 第二课名字游戏 约翰·史密斯正朝我走过来。虽然他只是我的一个很平常的熟人，但按照美国人的问候习惯，我得说出那么几个字来（如：“你好！”或“早上好！”之类的话。）向他表示我的好意。然而，我该怎么叫他呢？叫他约翰？或是史密斯？或者史密斯医生？像这样的问题在平常，是不用思考的事情。 对于在美国土生土长讲美语的人来说，我们长大后，学会语法规则的同时也学会了称呼别人的规则。乍一想，我们会认为仔细去考察我们称呼的方式是一件不值得做的事情，然而正是这些称呼的方式揭示了我们对同一个语言社区的人们的主观看法。 首先，我们会用讲话者的年龄关系去判断使用的称呼是否合适。如果我们招呼的是个孩子，那么我们就可以毫无顾虑地忽略那些无意之中学来的规则，而简单地直呼其名（FN）。然而，孩子却要用“头衔+姓氏”的方式来招呼大人。
高级英语下lesson13课文翻译
Lesson Thirteen Work 工作 究竟工作是幸福还是痛苦的源泉，这可能是一个难以回答的问题。 Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. 毫无疑问有许多工作是非常令人厌烦的，而且过多的工作总是十分痛苦的事。 There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful. 然而我认为，只要不过量，对多数人来说即使是最枯燥的工作也比终日无所事事要好些。 I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. 工作给人的愉快的程度多种多样，从仅仅是消烦解闷到产生巨大的快乐，这会随工作的性质和工 作者的能力而异。 There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. 大多数人不得不从事的工作本身大都无乐趣可言，但即使是这样的工作也有一些很大的好处。Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. 首先，工作可将一天的许多时间占满，人们不必再费神来决定应干些什么，大多数人在可以自由地按自己的愿望打发时间时，常常会不知所措，想不起有什么令人愉快的事值得去做。 To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. 而他们的决定又总是受到干扰，觉得干别的什么事也许会更令人愉快。 And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. 能够有意义地利用闲暇时间是文明发展到最高阶段的结果，而目前很少有人能达到这一层次。To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reached this level. 何况作出选择本身就是件令人厌烦的事。 Moreover the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. 除了那些具有非凡主动性的人，其他的人肯定有人乐于被告诉一天中的每时每刻该做什么， 当然命令他们做的事不能太令人厌烦。 Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. 多数无所事事的阔佬免遭从事单调乏味工作之苦，但代价是莫名其妙的无聊。 Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from drudgery. 有时他们去非洲猎取巨兽或环绕世界飞行来解闷，但这类刺激的数量有限，尤其到了中年以后更 是如此。 At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past. 因此较为明智的阔佬们工作起来几乎像穷人一样卖力，而有钱的女人则大多忙于她们自以为
高级英语上册第五课翻译范文
关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话 二十二日星期天早晨，我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。这就使原先意料中的事变成了无可怀疑的事实。我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务，采取何种政策。我也完全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。于是，我吩咐有关部门立即发表通告，我将于当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。不一会儿，匆匆从伦敦赶到的迪尔将军走进我的卧室，为我带来了详细情报。德国人已大规模入侵苏联，苏联空军部队有很大一部分飞机都没来得及起飞便遭到德军的突袭。德军目前似乎正以凌厉的攻势极为迅猛地向前推进。这位皇家军队总参谋长报告完毕后又补了一句，“我估计他们将会大批地被包围。” 一整天我都在写讲稿，根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商，也没有必要这样做。我知道我们大家在这个问题上的立场是完全一致的。艾登先生、比弗布鲁克勋爵，还有斯塔福德?克里普斯爵士——他是十号离开莫斯科回国的——那天也同我在一 起。 那个周末值班的是我的私人秘书科维尔先生。由他执笔记述的下面这段关于那个星期天里切克 尔斯首相官邸发生的情况的文字，也许值得一提： “六月二十一日，星期六。晚饭前我来到切克尔斯首相官邸。怀南特夫妇、艾登夫妇和爱德华?布里奇斯等几位均在那儿。晚饭席上，邱吉尔先生说，德国人人侵苏联已是必然无疑的了。他认为希特勒是想指望博取英美两国的资本家和右冀势力的同情和支持。不过，希特勒的如意算盘打错了。 我们英国将会全力以赴援助苏联。维南特表示美国也会采取同样的态度。 晚饭后，当我同邱吉尔先生在槌球场上散步时，他又一次谈到了这一话题。我当时问他，对于他这个头号反共大将来说，这种态度是否意味着改变自己的政治立场。‘绝非如此。我现在的目标只有一个，即消灭希特勒。这使我的生活单纯多了。假使希特勒入侵地狱，我至少会在下议院替魔 鬼说几句好话的。’ 次日清晨四点钟，我被电话铃惊醒，原来是外交部来的电话，内容是报告德国已开始进攻俄国的消息。首相一向吩咐，只有当英国遭到入侵时才可以叫醒他。因此，我等到八点钟才向他报告这一消息。他听完消息后只说了一句话：‘通知英国广播电台，我今晚九点要发表广播讲话。’他从上午十一点开始撰写讲稿，中间除与斯塔福德．克里普斯爵士、克兰伯恩勋爵和比弗布鲁克勋爵共进午餐外，这一天的全部时间都花在写讲稿上了……讲稿直到九点差二十分才写好。” 在这次广播讲话中，我说道： “纳粹政体与共产主义的最糟糕之处毫无两样。除了贪欲和种族统治外，它没有任何指导思想和行动准则。它在残酷压迫和疯狂侵略过程中所犯下的滔天罪行在人类历史上可谓空前绝后。在过去的二十五年中，我比任何人都更坚定而始终如一地反对共产主义。过去对共产主义所作的批评我仍然一句也不想收回。但现在展现在我们面前的景象已经将那一切冲得烟消云散了。过去的一切，连同它的种种罪恶、蠢行和悲剧全都从眼前乍然消失。此刻我眼前看到的是俄国的士兵昂然挺立于自己的国土，英勇地捍卫着他们祖祖辈辈自古以来一直辛勤耕耘着的土地。我看到他们正在守卫着自己的家园，在那里母亲和妻子正在向上帝祈祷——是啊，任何人都总有祈祷的时候——祈求上帝保佑她们的亲人的平安，并保佑她们的壮劳力、她们的勇士和保护者凯旋归来。我看见成千上万的俄国村庄，那儿的人们虽然要靠在土地上辛勤耕作才能勉强维持生计，却依然能够享受到天伦之乐，那儿的姑娘在欢笑，儿童在嬉戏。我看到这一切正面临着凶暴的袭击，正杀气腾腾地扑向他们的是纳粹的战争机器同它的那些全副武装、刀剑当当有声、皮靴咚咚作响的普鲁士军官以及它的那些奸诈无比、刚刚帮它征服并奴役了十多个国家的帮凶爪牙。我还看到那些呆头呆脑、训练有素、既驯服听话又凶残野蛮的德国士兵像一群蝗虫般地向前蠕动着。我看见天空中那些屡遭英军痛击、余悸未消的德国轰炸机和战斗机此时正庆幸终于找到他们以为是无力反抗、可手到即擒的猎物。“在
自考高级英语上册11课课文翻译
Lesson Eleven On Getting off to Sleep谈睡眠 人真是充满矛盾啊! 毫无疑问，幽默是惟一帮助我们摆脱矛盾的办法，要是没有它，我们就会死于烦恼。 What a bundle of contradictions is a man! Surety, humour is the saving grace of us, for without it we should die of vexation. 在我看来，没有什么比睡眠更能说明事物间的矛盾。 With me, nothing illustrates the contrariness of things better than the matter of sleep. 比如，我打算写一篇文章，面前放好了笔、墨和几张白纸，准保没写几个字我就会困得要命，无论当时是几点都会那样。 If, for example, my intention is to write an essay, and 1 have before me ink and pens and several sheets of virgin paper, you may depend upon it that before I have gone very far I feel an overpowering desire for sleep, no matter what time of the day it is. 我瞪着那似乎在谴责我的白纸，直到眼前一片模糊，声音也难以辨清，只有靠意志力才能勉强坚持。 I stare at the reproachfully blank paper until sights and sounds become dim and confused, and it is only by an effort of will that I can continue at all. 即使这时，我也会迷迷糊糊地像在做梦一样继续坚持工作。 Even then, I proceed half-heartedly, in a kind of dream. 但是当深夜躺在床上，我什么事都能干，只有睡觉无法做到。 But let me be between the sheets at a late hour, and I can do any-thing but sleep. 随着时钟一遍一遍的报时，我可以完成大量的文章。 Between chime and chime of the clock I can write essays by the score. 极有吸引力的主题和崇高的思想纷纷出现在脑海，随之而来的还有恰如其分的意象和措辞。Fascinating subjects and noble ideas come pell-mell, each with its appropriate imagery and expression. 除了笔、墨和纸，什么也不能阻止我写出半打不朽的杰作。 Nothing stands between me and half-a-dozen imperishable masterpieces but pens, ink, and paper. 如果，我们的思想和主观意象对于来世的人来说真的就像我们的书本和图片一样是有形的、摸得着的，那么我在来世会比在今生获得更高的声誉。 If it be true that our thoughts and mental images are perfectly tangible things, like our books and pictures, to the inhabitants of the next world, then I am making for myself a better reputation there than I am in this place. 只要我躺在床上有一两个小时睡不着觉，我就能令自己满意地解决人类一切的疑虑。 Give me a restless hour or two in bed and I can solve, to my own satisfaction, all the doubts of humanity. 如果我有兴致的话，我可以谱写出宏伟的交响乐，描绘出壮丽的画卷。 When I am in the humour I can compose grand symphonies, and paint magnificent pictures. 我就是莎士比亚、贝多芬和米开朗基罗。但这一切仍无法令我满意，因为我还是无法入睡。
大学高级英语下册翻译.pdf
Lesson One 1.This picture brings back many pleasant memories of her Spanish holiday. 2.News and weather forecasts reports are staples of radio programmes. 3.By mere accident Tom met in a bar his long-lost brother who was thought to have been killed in action during the war. 4.Bill intuited something criminal in their plan. 5.They think that obsessive tidiness in factory is a bad sign . 6.Yesterday his mother sold several years’ worth of paper and magazines. 7.His heartening speech impelled us to (work with) greater efforts. 8.Those who enjoy pulling off a miracle often fail. 9.As language students we should have a sense of nuances of plain words and expressions. 10.The rude behavior of Mrs. Taylor’s ado pted son is driving her into a nervous breakdown. 11.I like to see films in general, and American Western and horrors in particular. 12.In some sense Mary saw in her aunt a surrogate of her mother. 13.My father never equivocated, and he always gave some brief but poignant opinions. 14.Though he disabled, he never tries of helping people. 15.In any country, those who are remiss in their duty must be severely punished. 16.Awareness of the fact that the child was in danger impelled the policeman to action. Lesson 2 1. A. The chances are that they will be held up by traffic on their way to the airport. B. the plane takes off at 6:35. It would be a pity if they couldn’t make it. 2.Another popular notion which is in fact a misconception is that expensive clothes invariably raise one’s status. 3.Can you imagine what kind of life a man has lived who aspires to excellence and abhors mediocrity? 4. A copy of our latest product catalogue will be sent free of charge if you will fill up the form on the reverse of this card and post it. 5.It will be an absurdity, if not a catastrophe. If half of the population of this city abandons their posts and goes in for business. 6.Because they want their kids to be somebodies, some well-intentioned parents exercise enormous pressures on their children and the results all too often prove the reverse. 7.The revered professor predicted that these brilliant young people would surely make their way in the scientific-technical realm in a few years. 8.Many writers have quitted writing stories because, as they say there is no market for them. Yet Lessing sticks and she would go on even if there really wasn’t any home for them but a private drawer. 9.Satire under his pen is only a means to an end, a form to expose social evils. 10.It seemed no body at the party, not even the reporters, made special note of the general’s absence which might have aroused the suspicion of his rivals.
自考英语本科高级英语上下册课后短文翻译
1 Rock music began in America in the late 1950’s . It was not only a new musical form , but a forum for the American youth to express their ideas of the world and life . In this forum , the stars sang out the attitudes of the youth towards civil rights , war and peace ,the disaffection of their society , and a range of emotions between love and hate . Allin all , in this forum , the American youth redefined the beliefs and feelings of their society . The typical representatives of the early rock music were Elvis Presley , singer and poet Bob Dylan , the Bealtles , the rolling Stones and so on . They were the culture heroes whom the young people worshipped . 2 The American young people in 1960’s were a generation of rebellion . They found that the affluent American society was filled with poverty , injustice and gypocrisy . They didn’t trust the adult world that didn’t belong to them and refused to take their beliefs and values . Many young people took active part in the struggle which protested against poverty , racial discrimination and Vietnam War . Some young people even tried to overthrow this world by armed revolution. Many other young took passive ways to show their disaffections . They took drugs , refused to take any responsibilities and lived a parasitic way of life . Or they escaped to the frontiers and lived a primitive way of life . 3 Mathilda had been ill for three days . Her mother had given her some medicine, but it did n’t do any good . So they had to ask the doctor to come . There had been a number of cases of diphtheria in Mathilda’s school and two of them had been dead . When the doctor arrived at Olson’s home , he wanted to examine Mthilda’s throat first . But no mat ter how he coaxed ,,She wouldn’t open her mouth . So the doctor had to get the tongue depressor into her mouth . But Mathilda reduced it to splinters . In order to protect Mathilda herself and other children , the doctor had to make sure
高级英语下lesson 13课文翻译
Lesson Thirteen Work工作 究竟工作是幸福还是痛苦的源泉，这可能是一个难以回答的问题。 Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. 毫无疑问有许多工作是非常令人厌烦的，而且过多的工作总是十分痛苦的事。 There is certainly much work which is exceedingly irksome, and an excess of work is always very painful. 然而我认为，只要不过量，对多数人来说即使是最枯燥的工作也比终日无所事事要好些。 I think, however, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. 工作给人的愉快的程度多种多样，从仅仅是消烦解闷到产生巨大的快乐，这会随工作的性质和工作者的能力而异。 There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoundest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. 大多数人不得不从事的工作本身大都无乐趣可言，但即使是这样的工作也有一些很大的好处。 Most of the work that most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. 首先，工作可将一天的许多时间占满，人们不必再费神来决定应干些什么，大多数人在可以自由地按自己的愿望打发时间时，常常会不知所措，想不起有什么令人愉快的事值得去做。To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. 而他们的决定又总是受到干扰，觉得干别的什么事也许会更令人愉快。
(完整版)高级英语2第三版_张汉熙_课文翻译
Unit 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English 人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。 闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。闲聊不是为了进行争论。闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。 或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。 有一天晚上的情形正是这样。人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。 “几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。” 此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。最后，当然少不了要像处理所有这种场合下的意见分歧一样，由大家说定次日一早去查证一下。于是，问题便解决了。不过，酒馆闲聊并不需要解决什么问题，大伙儿仍旧可以糊里糊涂地继续闲扯下去。 告诉她“标准英语”应作那种解释的原来是个澳大利亚人。得悉此情，有些人便说起刻薄话来了，说什么囚犯的子孙这样说倒也不足为怪。这样，在五分钟内，大家便像到澳大利亚游览了一趟。在那样的社会里，“标准英语”自然是不受欢迎的。每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。 看看撒克逊农民与征服他们的诺曼底统治者之间的语言隔阂吧。于是话题又从19世纪的澳大利亚囚犯转到12世纪的英国农民。谁对谁错，并没有关系。闲聊依旧热火朝天。 有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。 撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit 这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。 当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。 那晚闲聊过后，第二天一早便有人去查阅了资料。这个名词在16世纪已有人使用过。纳什作于1593年的《截获信函奇闻》中就有过“标准英语”(Queen’s English)的提法。1602年德克写到某人时有句话说：
大学高级英语下册翻译
Lesson One 1. This picture brings back many pleasant memories of her Spanish holiday. 2. News and weather forecasts reports are staples of radio programmes. 3. By mere accident Tom met in a bar his long-lost brother who was thought to have been killed in action during the war. 4. Bill intuited something criminal in their plan. 5. They think that obsessive tidiness in factory is a bad sign . 6. Yesterday his mother sold several years’ worth of paper and magazines. 7. His heartening speech impelled us to (work with) greater efforts. 8. Those who enjoy pulling off a miracle often fail. 9. As language students we should have a sense of nuances of plain words and expressions. 10. The rude behavior of Mrs. Taylor’s adopted son is driving her into a nervous breakdown. 11. I like to see films in general, and American Western and horrors in particular. 12. In some sense Mary saw in her aunt a surrogate of her mother. 13. My father never equivocated, and he always gave some brief but poignant opinions. 14. Though he disabled, he never tries of helping people. 15. In any country, those who are remiss in their duty must be severely punished. 16. Awareness of the fact that the child was in danger impelled the policeman to action. Lesson 2 1. A. The chances are that they will be held up by traffic on their way to the airport. B. the plane takes off at 6:35. It would be a pity if they couldn’t make it. 2. Another popular notion which is in fact a misconception is that expensive clothes invariably raise one’s status. 3. Can you imagine what kind of life a man has lived who aspires to excellence and abhors mediocrity 4. A copy of our latest product catalogue will be sent free of charge if you will fill up the form on the reverse of this card and post it. 5. It will be an absurdity, if not a catastrophe. If half of the population of this city abandons their posts and goes in for business. 6. Because they want their kids to be somebodies, some well-intentioned parents exercise enormous pressures on their children and the results all too often prove the reverse. 7. The revered professor predicted that these brilliant young people would surely make their way in the scientific-technical realm in a few years.
高级英语课文翻译
青年人的四种选择 Lesson 2: Four Choices for Young People 在毕业前不久，斯坦福大学四年级主席吉姆?宾司给我写了一封信，信中谈及他的一些不安。 Shortly before his graduation, Jim Binns, president of the senior class at Stanford University, wrote me about some of his misgivings. 他写道：“与其他任何一代人相比，我们这一代人在看待成人世界时抱有更大的疑虑 ,, 同时越 来越倾向于全盘否定成人世界。” “More than any other generation, ” he said, “ our generation views the adult world with great skepticism, there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world. ”很 明显，他的话代表了许多同龄人的看法。 Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. 在过去的几年里，我倾听过许多年轻人的谈话，他们有的还在大学读书，有的已经毕业，他 们对于成人的世界同样感到不安。 During the last few years, I have listened to scores of young people, in college and out, who were just as nervous about the grown world. 大致来说，他们的态度可归纳如下：“这个世界乱糟糟的，到处充满了不平等、贫困和战争。 对此该负责的大概应是那些管理这个世界的成年人吧。如果他们不能做得比这些更好，他们又能拿 什么来教育我们呢？这样的教导，我们根本不需要。” Roughly, their attitude might be summed up about like this:“ The world is in pretty much of a mess, full of injustice, poverty, and war. The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who have been running thing. If they can’ t do better than that, what have they got to teach our generation? That kind of lesson we can do without. ” 我觉得这些结论合情合理，至少从他们的角度来看是这样的。 There conclusions strike me as reasonable, at least from their point of view. 对成长中的一代人来说，相关的问题不是我们的社会是否完美（我们可以想当然地认为是这 样），而是应该如何去应付它。 The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted), but how to deal with it. 尽管这个社会严酷而不合情理，但它毕竟是我们惟一拥有的世界。 For all its harshness and irrationality, it is the only world we’ ve got. 因此，选择一个办法去应付这个社会是刚刚步入成年的年轻人必须作出的第一个决定，这通 常是他们一生中最重要的决定。 Choosing a strategy to cope with it, then, is the first decision young adults have to make, and usually the most important decision of their lifetime. 根据我的发现，他们的基本选择只有四种： So far as I have been able to discover, there are only four basic alternatives: 1）脱离传统社会