初中英语阅读能力培养
初中英语阅读能力培养
发表时间：2018-11-09T14:35:10.593Z 来源：《素质教育》2018年12月总第291期作者：赵艳妮[导读] 本文就初中英语阅读展开了讨论。
陕西省延安市宝塔区柳林镇初级中学716000
摘要：阅读是指通过看文字材料理解其内容的过程，而学生阅读能力的提高能为听、说、写能力的发展打好基础。学生的语言知识能否得到巩固、语言技能能否得到培养、学习积极性能否保持下去、英语学习的积极性及兴趣能否得到稳定，很大程度上和学生的阅读有密切的联系。
关键词：初中英语阅读
初中英语学习阶段是衔接小学和高中英语学习的关键时期，英语教师既要进一步引导学生养成学习英语的习惯、锻炼英语口语能力、巩固单词量，又要引导学生不断拓展新的词汇、形成良好的语感。英语教学的目的是培养学生的英语“听说读写”能力，随着考试任务的加重，初中学生也越来越注重习题和听力的练习，但是对英语阅读的重视不够。本文就初中英语阅读展开了讨论。
一、课前预习，培养能力
课前预习是培养学生自学能力的重要手段之一。通过预习，学生可以综合运用已有的知识和技能，初步了解教材内容，并能发现教材的疑难问题，带着问题上课，会使学习的针对性更强，更能激发学生的求知欲，同时也能让教师集中力量解决重点、难点问题。在预习时，我要求学生做到以下几点：拼读生词、词组，扫清阅读障碍；浏览全文，说出段落大意；划出自己难以理解的地方，并说出自己的想法；还可以就课文内容提出问题，在课上和其他同学一起解决。实践证明，通过课前预习，学生们学习的积极性更高了，也变得更主动了，从而节省了讲解时间，加强了综合训练。
二、创新情感教学策略
创新情感教学策略，开展有效的阅读活动，以使学生获得情感体验，是“情感态度与价值观”教学目标的客观要求，不仅能够培养和锻炼学生综合运用语言的能力，而且能够培养学生良好的学习心理素质、个性品德素质及审美素质。这些都是学生形成正确的价值观而不可缺少的重要组成部分。
在设计情感教学阅读活动时，一方面要考虑活动的真实性、趣味性和新颖性，并认真考虑学生的语言水平、认知水平以及处理问题、解决问题的能力，设计一些具有启发性、趣味性和现实意义的问题，激发学生探究问题和解决问题的欲望，让学生体会到学习语言的乐趣和作用。另一方面，开展形式多样的读后活动，如演讲、小组讨论等，使学生既能在合作学习中获得成功的情感体验，又能够在合作探究中培养思维能力和实践能力，在培养学生阅读技能的基础上使情感和价值观得到发展。
三、把好教材中单词、短语的背诵关
试想，如果学生连单词都不认识，那读懂文章又从何谈起呢？我们要从基础抓起，严格把好单词短语的背诵关。而很多学生不愿意花时间去背诵，作为老师，我们要帮助学生克服困难，驱除他们的畏难情绪，还得从背诵方法抓起，教会他们以多种方式来记忆单词：
1.根据发音规律来记忆单词。
2.拆单词法。如comfortable，我们可将它拆成com（e）for table三个简单的单词，这样学生理解和记忆起来就容易多了。
3.幽默记单词法。如dangerous，我曾看到过一个笑话，学生将之记成：单脚拉屎多危险。虽然用词感觉粗俗，可这样的记忆给学生留下的印象是经久不衰的，不仅记住了单词发音，还记住了汉语。教师在对学生的检测中，要注意滚动检测，使学生在反复记忆中牢牢掌握单词和短语，因为人的记忆规律往往是要通过四轮记忆才能留下深刻印象的。
四、要多培养词义的推断能力
我们在阅读中难免会遇到生词，如果每次遇到不认识的单词都去查字典，则会影响阅读速度和理解效果。因此，在阅读中要善于根据上下文推断某些单词和短语的意义。
1.根据上下文的对比关系来推断词义。通过上下文的对比关系也可以来猜测词义。
2.根据文中解释推断词义。文中有时候会对生词作出注解或说明，在阅读中应善于观察捕捉这一信息。
3.根据上下文之间的逻辑关系推断词义。如：Robert is so mean that he never gives anything to others，even his friends or relatives.根据对结果分句的理解可推知，本例中的mean考查的是它的另外一个意思，即“吝啬的”。
五、组织指导课外读物，提高学生阅读能力
近年来，中考阅读理解短文的类型越来越多，涉及面越来越广。阅读理解中不仅涉及到文化背景知识，还有一些史地方面的知识。学生们如果不了解其背景知识，不了解相关学科内容，就不知如何下手。所以，在课堂教学中，应对这些内容进行训练，以提高学生的阅读能力。
总之，阅读是一种涉及学生多方面能力、素质要求的心理、智力活动，是原始信息“输入”与经过“阅读——领悟——分析——引申——综合”等加工环节后与新的信息“输出”相结合的复杂过程。在英语教学中，阅读必须加强，我们不但要重视阅读的数量，更要重视在科学的阅读方法指导下提高阅读质量。
参考文献
[1]董军浅谈初中英语阅读教学的策略与技巧[J].科教文汇（中旬刊），2012。
[2]顾祝亚《中学生英语阅读能力的培养》.教学新思维.河南教育，2001年，第6期，总第275期。
[3]候磊《中学生英语阅读能力及其培养》.山东师范大学附中，2000，17。
(完整版)初中典型英语阅读理解题目及答案
（一）初中英语阅读理解 Little Tom down the street calls our dog "The keep dog".Zip is a sheep dog. But when Tom tries to say" Seep", it comes out "keep". And in a way Tom is right. Zip is always bringing things home for us to keep! I'll tell you about some of them. Zip's first present was a shoe. It was made of green silk. We didn't know how Zip found the shoe. But after a moment Mary, my big sister, told me the shoe had a strange smell. I nodded(点头)and held my nose. "What do you think it is?" "It smells like something for cleaning. I think someone tried to clean a spot (污点) off the shoe. Then he put it at the door to dry." "Along came Zip. And good-bye shoe!" I said."We should take it back." "We can't ".said my sister. "Maybe little Tom is right," Mary said. "Maybe Zip is a keep dog!" 1.The writer and Mary didn't know______. A.what Zip's first present was B.how Zip carried its first present home C.who owned Zip's first present D.what Zip's first present was made of 2.Tom calls Zip "the keep dog"because ______. A.the dog likes keeping things B.the dog likes playing with shoes C.he doesn't know the dog's name D.he can't pronounce the word "sheep"well 3.What made the shoe strange was ______. A.its colour B.its smell C.its size D.that it was a silk one 4.The word "keep"in the last sentence means "_____" A.keeping things for itself B.bringing things for other to keep C.not letting it run about D.taking care of a small child 5.We can know from the reading that the dog _____. A. likes to give presents to people B.has been kept in at the writer's home C.has brought some trouble D.likes to be called "the keep dog" Key: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C
初中英语阅读理解-7选5专项练习(有答案)
初中英语阅读理解--7选5专项练习 （1） While lead （铅） poisoning is serious, parents can take steps to reduce the risk for theirChildren 1 Take Notes : start by checking to see if you own any items recalled by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Get rid of any toys with chipped paint, or other broken and damaged parts. Not sure it contains lead 2 Clean Up : to avoid leaf exposure from sources in the home, keep floors and other play areas clean and free of dust and pieces. 3 Store toys off the floor in a clean place. And if you live in house with lead pipes, running cold water for a few minutes and using a water filter (过滤器) can reduce lead levels. Buy Smart : avoid no-name produce and be careful when you buy items at dollar stores, street fairs, thrift stores or yard sales. 4 Even if they don’t contain lead, they could become a choking hazard(危险). Also make sure the arts and crafts supplies you buy are non-toxic and designed for children’s use. Get Tested : children with lead poisoning may not have easily recognizable symptoms. 5 This might mean that there will be a lot of tests that turn out normal, but it’s better than sitting around and worrying. Testing is especially important if you and your children live in a home with peeling paint or if your home was painted before 1978, when the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the sale of lead-based paints.
初中英语写作能力如何培养
初中英语写作能力如何培养 发表时间：2011-10-24T11:37:53.767Z 来源：《学英语》（初中教师版）2011年第11期供稿作者：朱生萍[导读] 面批不仅能充分体现因材施教的教学原则，还能增强师生之间的情感交流，有效地激发学生的写作动机。 江苏扬州市邗江区公道中学朱生萍在“听、说、读、写”四种基本技能中，对于中学生和老师来说“写”这一技能是一种较高的综合语言能力训练，是学生对所学语言知识的综合运用，对学生综合能力的要求颇高，因此学生往往对写作感到力不从心。这就要求我们教师必须从小抓起。然而，由于受应试教育影响和中考指挥棒的左右，教师大多急功近利，“着重培养学生的阅读能力和应试能力”，往往把写作教学看作是应付考试的一种应急手段，放 在次要的位置；加上写作训练费时费力，又收效甚微，久而久之，便形成了一种“听到写作学生心烦，见到习作教师不愿”的现象。爱因斯坦曾说过：“教师的最高艺术是用富于独创性的教学方法去传授知识，并给学生带来快乐。”多种途径的作文教学能够发挥教师的创造性，帮助学生解决写作兴趣、材料来源、认识深度等有关问题，培养学生的求索精神、科研意识和探究能力，从而提高写出“文质兼美”文章的能力。下面，笔者谈谈自己在写作教学中的几种训练方法。一、佳句摘录，实施激励性评价，促进发展教师批改作文的时候，可以寻找好词佳句用红笔标示出来，然后记录下来并注明作者展示在教室的黑板上。通过展示，使那些写出佳句的学生获得成就感，从而激励他们在以后的写作中积极尝试创新，同时也能使其他学生从中借鉴，取长补短。还需要注意的是：教师批改作文时不应只给出对错判定和分数，而应针对学生的个性特征和每次作文的具体情况在学生的习作后面写上一句或一段评语，如：Well done! / Excellent! / You have done a good job. / How clever you are! / I’m proud of you.教师的寥寥数语将会激发学生无穷的写作热情和潜力，形成积极向上的强大内动力。二、课堂上即写即改，有效指导，及时反馈新课标要求教师创造条件让学生能够探究他们感兴趣的问题，并且自主解决问题。课堂上即写即改能培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力，让他们在作文训练和评改中受到启迪，思维得到锻炼，由被动接受知识转变为主动探究，从而提高作文教学的效率。具体操作如下：1. 课堂上限时完成作文。学生限时完成作文的同时，可将学生分成男女学生两组或者以自然小组为单位，挑选几名学生到黑板上写例文，并做适当评讲。然后选出较好的一篇，对该组做适当奖励，激发学生的积极性。 2. 例文修改。在学生写完作文后，教师可从单词拼写、短语搭配、语法运用、内容涵盖、过渡自然以及书写规范等方面指导学生对黑板上的两篇例文进行评改。在课堂上修改作文时不能只盯住错误的地方，而应尽量发掘文章中的闪光点并适当给予鼓励和表扬，否则会挫伤学生的积极性，同时也会使其他学生怕到黑板上写例文，从而产生消极的影响。 3. 自我修改作文。要求学生自己修改自己的文章，自己发现错误、改正错误。在这期间，教师通过巡视了解学生情况并给予一些帮助。同时，教师也能尽快得到反馈信息。三、善抓典型，小组合作修改，培养协作精神 “写作不能仅仅理解成个人的行为，因此在教学中不宜总是采取学生单独写出作文教师批改的模式，而应提倡学生开展两人或数人小组活动，通过讨论合作完成写作。”在批改作文时，教师经常会发现学生一些普遍性和典型性的错误，如时态错误、句型搭配不当、词语运用有误等，如果一一修改，将浪费许多时间和精力。所以，教师可以摘录学生习作的典型错误，在讲评课前将病句抄在或投影在黑板上，然后要求学生分组讨论合作修改，讨论结束各小组由一名学生总结他们的修改意见。小组合作修改让每个学生都参与到作文修改当中，激发了学生的学习积极性，同时又为学生互帮互助、合作交流营造了氛围。 四、辅导式面批 面批不仅能充分体现因材施教的教学原则，还能增强师生之间的情感交流，有效地激发学生的写作动机。面批尤其对学习有困难的学生是一个及时辅导的机会，教师应主动去关心、了解和帮助学生。试想，教师坐在学生身边，一字一句轻声细语地讲解，他肯定会体会到教师的关怀，心理可能这样想：“老师这么关心我，我一定要努力啊！”这时他的注意力自然比上课时更集中，对教师指出的作文中的错误更能牢记在心。通过面对面的交流，不仅帮助学生扫除了学习的障碍，而且增进了师生间的情谊，激发了学生写作的兴趣。 总之，写作能全面反映学生的英语水平，它既能再现学生的英语基础知识，又能表现学生灵活运用英语的能力。就初中英语教学而言，教师要在重视对学生进行听、说、读训练的基础上，从学生的实际出发，平时注重加强写作训练，初中学生的写作能力一定会有大幅度的提高。
浅论提高初中生英语阅读能力的方法
浅论提升初中生英语阅读水平的方法 我国义务教育《英语大纲》规定：按照语言学习规律，学生必须吸收相当数量的语言材料和经过一定量的语言实践，才能获得为交际使用英语的水平。所以，英语教学必须增加语言实践的量，使学生获得充分的语言实践机会。阅读是我国学生接触外语信息、参与外语实践的重要途径，因而提升阅读水平是培养语言综合使用水平的重要方式。阅读水平是英语“四会”水平中最基本、最重要的水平之一，培养阅读水平有助于扩大词汇量、丰富语言知识、提升语言的使用水平，是大面积提升中学英语教学质量的关键。 但在教学实践中，绝大部分学生害怕做阅读题，考试在阅读上减分也比较多，阅读水平弱。如何提升学生的英语阅读水平呢？我在十几年的英语教学中实行了以下尝试： 一、狠抓教材中阅读材料的语言积累和巩固，打好基础 在外语教学过程中，首先应该培养的水平是理解，即听力理解和阅读理解。听和阅读都是在往大脑中输入信息。外语学习过程中语言输入的量一定要大大多于输出的量，这样才能为表达思想的说和写的环节打下好基础。语言积累就成了关键，教师要重视学生对所学语言素材的有意识积累，最主要的是使学生积累一些对今后的学习最有用的语言素材。对学生教材里每单元的阅读文章我都非常重视，坚持让学生对课本语言材料理解、记忆和复习，并实行检查。因为语言材料的输入和巩固过程是一个反复刺激、持续加深印象的过程。
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初中英语阅读理解精选20篇(含答案)
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