黑龙江大学跨文化课后checklist

CHECKLIST

Chapter 1

Fill in Blanks

Culture : is the deposit of knowledge, experience, belief, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, not ions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in t he course of generations through individual and group striving.

Subculture:refers to a culture that exists within dominant culture, and is often based on economic or social class, ethnicity, race, or geographic region.

Subgroup: usually does not involve the same large number of people and is not necessarily thought of as acc umulating values and patterns of behavior over generations in the same way as cultures do.

Culture Identity: refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group.

2 判断对错

TRUE:

1 The ice burger model of culture implies that it is very difficult to understand a culture thoroughly.

2 People may sometimes get confused about his or her culture identity.

3 A person could be a member of several different subgroups at the same time.

Wrong:

1 Culture is innate as soon as a person is born.

2 Scholars prefer the term subcultuer to co-culture in describing a culture which exists within a dominate culture.

Chapter 2

1 Fill in Blanks

Sender refers to the person who transmits a message.

Channel (sometimes called the medium) is the method used to deliver a message.

receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message.

International communication is communication between people whose culture perception and symbol system are distinct enough to alter the communication event.

2 判断对错

TRUE:

1 Communication and culture are inseparable and strongly connected.

2 The process of communication has nine components: sender encoding message channel noise receiver decoding feedback and context.

Wrong:

1 Intracultural communication occurs when the sender and the receiver exchanging messages are from different races.

2 The sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. This activity is called decoding.

Chapter 4

1 Fill in Blanks

Ethnocentrism:refers to negatively judging aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture Prejudice: It refers to the irrational dislike, suspicion, or hatred of a particular group, race, religion, or sexual orientation

Racism: It refers to any policy, practice, belief, or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individua ls based on their race

Stereotypes: They refer to negative or positive judgments made about individuals based on any observable or believed group membership

2 判断对错

TRUE:

1 Ethnocentrism stereotypes prejudice and racism are learned.

2 Although stereotypes are considered as being negative judgments,they can also be positive.

3 When communicating with people other cultures,an individual sometimes is likely to treat them as“his people”and to assume there is only one way of doing things: that is “his way”

Wrong:

1 Assumption of superiority may lead to assuming similarity instead of difference.

2 Economy is not the reason for the persistence of ethnocentrism, stereotyping, prejudice and racism.

Chapter 5

1 Fill in Blanks

Verbal intercultural communication happens when people from different cultural backgrounds communica te with each other by using language.

Pidgin is a special language variety that mixes or lends languages for restricted purposes such as trading Dialect is a form of language peculiar to a group of people, as distinguished from the literary language of the whole people.

Taboo refers to prohibition of a set of behaviors that should be avoided because they are offensive and impol ite

2 判断对错

TRUE:

1 The elaborate,exacting,or succinct communication style deals with the quantity and/or volume of talk that is preferred across cultural groups.

2 Dialect refers to geographic variation, while sociolect refers to variation in terms of social group.

3 An elaborate style of communication can be seen in Arab cultures.

Wrong:

1 The exacting style of communication can be found in Japan,China,and some Native American cultures

2 The self-effacement verbal styles emphasizes the importance of boasting about one’s accomplishments and abilities.

Chapter 6

1 Fill in Blanks

nonverbal communication: It refers to the messages sent without using words.

Oculesics: It is the study of communications sent by the eyes.

Proxemics: is the way we use fixed space and personal space.

Kinesics includes gestures, body movement and facial expressions

Chronemics: It is the study of how people perceive and use time.

2 判断对错

TRUE:

1 Saudi Arabs belong to touch cultures.

2 The appropriateness of eye contact varies with different cultures.

Wrong:

1 Speaking is the only mode of effective communication.

2 The Thais like to touch babies or small children,especially they like others to pat their children’s head.

3 Paralanguage may imply the connotation of the actual words.

Chapter 7

1 Fill in Blanks

1 Members in the culture of high Uncertainty avoidance have a lower tolerance for uncertain and ambiguity.

2 Individuals from high power distance accept power as part of society.As a result,superiors consider their subordinates to be different from themselves and vice versa.

3 People from high masculine cultures tend to see same-sex relationships as more intimate than opposite-sex relationships.

4 In collective societies such as those in Pakistan,Colombia,Venezuela,China and Peru people are born into extended families that support and protect them in exchange for their loyalty.

2 判断对错

TRUE:

1 In industrialized societies like the United States,the mastery-over-nature view tends to predominate.

2 A doing orientation involved in focus on those types of activities which have outcomes that can be measured by someone else.

3 In Beijing cultures,social status and position are more important than what a person does.

Wrong:

1 The harmony-with-nature orientation draws clear distinctions among human life,nature,and the supernature

2 Both Americans and British shoe respect for tradition.

Chapter 8

1 Fill in Blanks

1 In Japan ,business is not conducted in obon (in mid-August),because many people travel to the graves of their ancestors.

2 In India ，“the traditional greeting is the namaste formed by pressing the palms together,fingers up,below the chin.A slight bow may be added to show respect.”

3 In Israel,the Jewish holy night, the sabbath begins at sunset on Friday and ends at sunset on

Saturday.Therefore, the business week runs from Saturday through Thursday.Conducting business on the holy day would be highly inappropriate.

4 In Saudi Arabia. No business is conduced during the three-day festival of breaking fast at the end of the month of Ramadan.

2 判断对错

TRUE:

1 In Finland, firm handshakes are the normal greeting for men and women.

2 Americans might regard gift giving as a form of bribery.

3 Mexican negotiators emphasize relational concerns prior to the real negotiation.

Wrong:

1 In Saudi Arabia,the greeting tend to be informal.Both men and women shake hands on meeting and leaving.

2 In Japan,one should open the gift in front of the giver.

Chapter 9

1 Fill in Blanks

Honeymoon is the first stage of the interculture adaptation when everything is new and exciting. Segregation occurs because the more politically and economically powerful culture does not want the interc ultural contact with the immigrants

Integration: is desire a high level of interaction with the host culture while maintaining identity wit h their native culture

Assimilation is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losin g their culture in the process.

Marginalization occurs when the individual chooses not to identify with his or her native culture or with the host culture.

2 判断对错

TRUE:

1 Successful management of culture shock depends on an awareness of its symptoms and the degree of its severity.

2 Financial matters can results in culture shock.

Wrong:

1 Similarity of culture does not affect acculturation.

2 The second stage of interculture adaptation is called honeymoon stage or initial euphoria stage.

3 All the activities of learning one’s culture are called acculturation.

4 Insomnia can be one example of the physical symptoms of culture shock,

试析福克纳小说中典型人物形象的怪诞性

2004年8月 佳木斯大学社会科学学报 A ug.,2004第22卷第4期 JOU RNAL O F SOC I A L SC IEN CE O F J I A MU S IUN I V ERS ITY V o l.22N o.4 ① 试析福克纳小说中典型人物形象的怪诞性 王　欣 (佳木斯大学公共外语部,黑龙江佳木斯154007) [摘　要]威廉?福克纳的作品以其内容的丰富性、技巧的创新性日益引起广大读者和批评家的兴趣。本文试图通过对福克纳小说中典型人物形象的简要分析,以期揭示其怪诞背后所蕴含的思想意义。 [关键词]福克纳;人物形象;怪诞性 [中图分类号]I106.4 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1007-9882(2004)04-0071-02 威廉?福克纳(W illiam Faulkner,1897-1962)是1949年度的诺贝尔文学奖得者,美国20世纪最重要的作家之一。他集现代主义、浪漫主义、现实主义于一身,在创作中大量使用各种传统的和创新的手法,深刻而全面地探索了美国旧南方解体的根源,表现了处在历史性变革中的南方社会和南方人的精神危机。他的作品以其内容的丰富性和技巧的创新性日益引起读者和批评家的兴趣。然而随着人们对福克纳研究的深入,却常常发现需要解答的迷似乎反而越多。除了语言晦涩难懂,技巧常花样翻新之外,人物形象的怪诞性是人们阅读福克纳作品时产生的一个较为突出的印象。批评家们纷纷指出福克纳笔下的人物都“中了魔”。引人注目的怪诞人物形象构成了福克纳小说一个倍受争论的重要特色,而如何看待这些怪诞的人物形象则是我们在阅读和理解福克纳小说时无法回避的问题之一。本文试图对福克纳小说中的典型人物形象进行简要分析,以期揭示其怪诞背后所蕴含的思想意义。 福克纳出生于美国南方社会,当时社会正经历深刻的变革。对福克纳来说,“过去”并不遥远,旧南方的乡村和小镇生活仍栩栩如生地活在他的记忆里,民间传说所蕴含的意义和怀旧思想也潜移默化地渗入他的灵魂深处。然而,随着北方工业化浪潮的入侵,南方传统的生活方式和价值观念都在历史变化的冲击下分崩离析。福克纳满怀困惑和忧虑地注视着家乡的变化,真实地记录了没落的种植园主阶级的子弟们苦恼万状、进退两难的精神困境。 多次出场的昆丁?康普生是没落南方世家不肖子孙的代表,也是他们中最深刻、最自觉,然而也是最软弱的一个。《押沙龙,押沙龙》一书向我们揭示了昆丁生长的环境。这部小说借“斯特番百里地”庄园的兴衰表现了蓄奴制下奴隶的命运,描写了当时的南方知识青年为家乡的历史遗产所折磨的真实故事。昆丁在一个“向后看”的腐朽社会中长大。从他还是孩子时起,他的父亲以及老小姐洛莎之类的亲人、邻居便开始向他一遍遍叙说往事,讲神秘的斯特番的兴衰史,讲旧时南方人“爱得像样,死的也像样”的高大悲剧形象。这些故事,连同讲述人那阴沉病态的语调,末日临头的灾难感,都在不知不觉中渗入了昆丁的心灵。他被过去紧紧缠住,无法自拔。昆丁虽然意识到了蓄奴制的罪孽,但他的生活和思想却多年一直盘根错节地与旧南方纠缠在一起,无法挣脱。而《喧嚣与骚动》则展示了与传说中那光彩夺目、让人迷惑不安的“过去”相对照的暗淡的现实。康普生家族过去是豪门大户,如今却走到了穷途末路,为了安排昆丁上大学和凯蒂出嫁卖尽了最后一点房产。只会醉酒空谈的父亲,终日无病呻吟的母亲,冷酷势利的大弟弟杰生和全家人都引以为耻的白痴弟弟班吉都使昆丁很失望。而昆丁最钟爱的妹妹凯蒂则“放荡无行”,把南方淑女的行为准则统统抛到九霄云外。昆丁深知父母把他看作是最后的希望,然而他的软弱无能导致他始终无所作为。他曾试图杀死凯蒂和她的情人,甚至企图谎称自己与妹妹有乱伦关系来使她脱离那个理崩乐坏的“喧闹的世界”,但这些举动都因缺乏内在的信心而化作软弱可笑的小丑式表演。他认为现实是不可忍受的,但又明了和他作对的不是任何人而是不可抗拒的历史进程。在他心中,凯蒂的堕落是一种象征,标志着康普生家族的彻底衰败,他个人可耻的无能及他所热爱的传统的毁灭。这一切都时刻折磨着他,不给他片刻安宁,终于使他精神完全崩溃。 在这个意义上,昆丁代表了他所处时代中一种典型的痛苦。与他类似的精神畸形者是福克纳小说中屡屡出现的人物。例如,《八月之光》中的海托华由于醉心于祖父在内战中的英勇行为,而完全丧失了对现实生活的感受能力;《献给爱米莉的玫瑰》中阴森自负、食古不化的爱米莉小姐在新婚之夜杀死了爱人;《萨多里斯》中小巴耶德因为总是自觉不如古人而故作大胆鲁莽之举,结果送了性命等等。他们多是历史的牺牲品。他们所属的阶级遭到历史车轮的无情碾压,他们的灵魂又被本阶级垂死的传统腐蚀侵害。福克纳竭尽渲染之能事,浓墨重彩地描绘了南方种植园主阶级的这些飘零子弟们的疯狂和绝望,使他笔下的约克纳帕塔法世界蒙上一层病态的色彩。 作为一个人道主义者,福克纳对种族问题的关注和对黑人的同情充分地表现在他的作品里,塑造了一些在种族主义压迫下性格扭曲、命运悲惨的黑人和混血儿形象。小说《八月之光》的主人公乔?克里斯莫斯就是这样一个不合理社会的受害者。他的经历和结局与福克纳的其他大部分作品中的人物一样,也是怪诞地不合乎逻辑。乔的外祖父因怀疑他有黑人血统,在一个圣诞夜里把刚出生不久的乔扔到育婴堂门口。在育婴堂里,受人欺负的乔被讥笑为“黑鬼”。又因无意中看到女卫生员偷情鬼混,反被那女人诬为“黑人”而被迫离开育婴堂。当时他只有五岁。后来他又在唯利是图的养父那里挨打受气。如果”黑人”就意味着受压迫、受欺凌,那么这的确是乔一生经历的最好概括。因此,他对建立在社会剥削(包括种族压迫)基础上的白人社会充满咬牙切齿的仇恨。就是别人不知道他的底细,白皮肤的乔也绝不自视为白人中的一员,总是情不自禁地向人暗示自己是黑人。从17岁把养父打倒,逃跑出走起,乔 — 1 7 — ①[收稿日期]2003-08-26 [作者简介]王欣(1977-),女,黑龙江佳木斯人,佳木斯大学公共外语部助教,黑龙江大学西语学院2002级硕士研究生。

黑龙江大学跨文化交际英语复习总结(超全)

跨文化考试总结 考试构成： 一、单选1*10=10分。（Choose the one that）其中有一部分是书中的概念。 二、判断1*10=10分。（A—>true,B—>false)课后习题第二大题，其中某些题是变动的。要注重理解。 三、搭配1*20=20分。matching四组搭配，概念的对应，每一章课后的summary中的黑体字。 四、阅读理解1*20=20分。四篇。与课文中的专有词有关。 五、完型填空1*10=10分。 六、案例分析3*5=15分。五个案例。书中案例有四个，课外一个。 七、写作15分。150+words。可以准备一些跨文化、交际的文章。四十分钟的写作时间。8:00——8:40.作文提前收！ 注：前六大题是客观题即选择，只有写作是主观题。 课后题： （课后题第一第二大题老师也让多多关注，我这里就不多写啦，除了课后第一第二大题，我这里都全啦） 1、P28——P30 2、P58——P61 3、P95——P97 4、P124——P126 5、P159——P162 6、P194——P197 7、P237——P240 8、P270——P272 9、P304——P306

所有概念关键词+考试范围内的CASE： Chapter1Culture Keywords (1)Culture(from intellectual perspective):Culture is“the arts and other manifestations of h uman intellectual achievement regarded collectively”（从知性角度定义文化：作为整体的人类智力成就的艺术和其他表现。） (2)Culture(from anthropologic perspective):Culture consists of patterns,explicit and impli cit,of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols,constituting the distinctive ac hievement of human groups,including their embodiments in artifacts;the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values”.（从人类学角度定义文化：文化由清晰和模糊的行为模式构成，这些模式通过符号获得并传播，这些符号由人类群体的特别成就构成，包括具体的人工制品。文化的基本核心由传统思想和与其相关的价值观构成。） (3)Culture(from psychological perspective):culture is the collective programming of he m ind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another。（从心理学角度定义文化：文化是使一个人类群体成员区别于其他人类群体的思维的总体规划。） (4)Culture(from socialogical perspective):Culture is defined as a pattern of learned,group -related perception—including both verbal and nonverbal language,attitudes,values,belie f system,disbelief systems,and behavior.(从社会学角度定义文化：文化是一种可习得的、基于群体的认知模式——包括言语与非言语符号、态度、价值观、信仰和非信仰系统以及行为。) (5)Culture(from intercultural communication perspective):is the deposit of knowledge,ex perience,belief,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notions of time,roles,spati al relations,concepts of the universe,and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the co urse of generations through individual and group striving.（从跨文化交际学角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信仰、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观和艺术品的集合。） (6)Culture Identity:refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic gro up.（文化身份：认为自己归属于某一文化或民族群体的感觉。） (7)Subculture： refers to a culture that exists within dominant culture,and is often based on economic or s ocial class,ethnicity,race,or geographic region.（亚文化：指存在于主流文化中的文化，其划分通常基于经济地位、社会阶层、民族、种族或地理区域。） Subcultures exist within dominant culture,and are often based on economic or social class, ethnicity,race,or geographic region.

跨文化交际试题 附答案

《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.

238-地方本科院校试点学院综合改革的障碍与对策研究

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黑龙江大学选课指南

黑龙江大学学分制选课指南 黑龙江大学教务处印制 二〇一一年十二月

目录 第一编学分制选课知识详解 第一部分基础知识 (3) 一、学制、学期与修业年限 (3) 二、课节与学时 (3) 三、重修 (3) 第二部分课程类别 (4) 一、通识必修课程 (4) 二、通识选修课程 (5) 三、学科与专业必修课程 (5) 四、专业指导性选修课程 (5) 五、专业任意性选修课程 (5) 六、实践教学环节 (5) 第三部分专业人才培养方案查询 (5) 一、系统登录 (6) 二、课程设置查询 (7) 三、学分结构查询 (8) 四、创业教育学分构成 (9) 第四部分选课方式 (10) 一、指定修读课程 (10) 二、挂牌选课课程 (11) 三、积分与积分竞买 (11) 四、积分使用与管理 (11) 第五部分选课流程控制 (12) 第六部分选课系统介绍 (12) 一、选课系统登录 (13) （一）进入选课网站主页 (13) （二）用学号和密码登录 (13) （三）选课操作界面 (14) 二、选购课程 (14) （一）在课程类别区查找课程 (14) （二）在课程显示区选择课程 (15) （三）在选课结果显示区查看和处理选课结果 (17) 第七部分如何选课 (18) 第一步选课准备 (18)

第二步参加竞买选课 (18) 第三步补选课程 (19) 第四步试听期改选、补选、打印课表 (19) 第二编学分制选课知识问答 1．我需要修读多少学分才能满足毕业要求？怎样查询人才培养方案？ (20) 2．如何查看所选课程的教学内容？ (20) 3．什么是跨专业修读？跨专业修读有哪些注意事项？ (20) 4．形势任务教育课程是什么课？如何修读？ (20) 5．我修读了与本专业教学计划同名的其他专业或其他院系的专业必修课程所获得的学分，可以作为我的专业必修学分吗？若不及格需要重修吗？ (20) 6．大学外语应该修读多少学分？具体包含哪些学分内容？ (20) 7．每学年最低应获得多少学分？制定每学期的个人选课计划的依据是什么？ (20) 8．什么是“双语”课程，如何查询“双语”课程资源？ (20) 9．在大学四年的修读过程中，每个学生可以获得多少选课积分？ (20) 10．在选课过程中，如果某门课程落选，竞买该课所用积分是否归还？ (21) 11．什么叫指定修读？指定修读的课程落选如何办理修读？ (21) 12．如何查询每学期的选课时间安排？ (21) 13．选课密码遗忘如何查询？ (21) 14．如果没有正确注销选课系统，会有哪些后果出现？ (21) 15．不用学号、密码登陆选课系统能查询课程资源吗？非选课期间如何查询课程资源？ (21) 16．在竞买选课过程中，本专业课程是否需要投积分竞买？ (21) 17．在补选和试听改选阶段选课是否需要投积分，退课课程所用积分是否归还？ (21) 18．为什么我的课表中有这门课程，而教师点名册没有我的名字？如何查询点名册？ (21) 19．对于已选但不想修读的课程最晚可以在什么时间退课？ (21) 20．若本人新转学、转专业、复学应如何办理相应修读手续？ (21) 21．开学第一周一定要查看课表吗？为什么？何时查看自己的课表是最准确的？ (21) 22．如果选课结果正确，但第一教学周该课却没有正常上课应怎么办？ (22) 23．如何在期末考试前查询自己各门课程的考试时间和考试地点？ (22) 24．如何查询自己的成绩单？ (22) 附件1 黑龙江大学本科生选课补选审批表 (23) 第一编学分制选课知识详解 学分是成功完成某门课程修读所获得的分值单位。学分制就是一种以学分为计量单位衡量学生完