2020年高三英语语法讲解及练习题：介词

重难点分析

介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件等之间的关系。介词短语在句中可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

一、介词从结构上分类一览表

二、主要介词的区别

1. 表示时间的at, in, on

at表示片刻的时间。如：at 8 a.m.。常用词组有：at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the moment, at Christmas, at New Year等。

in表示一段时间。如：in the morning/afternoon/evening, in October, in 2008, in the 21st century, in summer, in the past, in the future, in five days等。

on指具体的或特定的日子。如：on Monday, on Christmas Eve, on May Day, on a warm morning, on September 12th, on that day等。

2. 表示时间的for, since与from

for后接时间段的名词词组，表示行为状态持续了多久。如：

Mr. Brown lived in that little village for nearly thirty years. 布朗先生在那个小山村住了差不多30年。

since后接过去某一时间点，表示“自从……以来”，常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时连用。如：

We haven’t seen each other since 2005. 自从2005年以来，我们彼此没见过面。

from“自……起”，可与多种时态连用。如：

I hope to do morning exercises from today. 我希望从今天早晨开始锻炼身体。

3. 表示时间的in与after

in+时间段，一般用于将来时。如：We will be back in three days. 我们将在3天后回来。

after+时间段，一般用于过去时。如：After two months, he returned. 两个月后，他回来

了。

注意：after+时间点，可用于过去时和将来时。如：

After seven, the rain began to fall. 七点后开始下雨。

We will leave after lunch. 我们将在午饭后动身。

4. 表示方位的in, on与to

in表示“在……内”。如：Beijing is in the north of China. 北京位于华北。

on指“与……接壤、在河/江畔”。如：North Korea lies on the east of China. 朝鲜与中国的东部接壤。

to指在境外某方向，只强调方向。如：Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中国的东方。

5. 表示“在……上”的on与in

on只表示在某物的表面上。如：

There is a book on the piece of paper. 有一本书在这页纸上。

There is a mark on your skirt. 你裙子上有一块斑。

in表示占去某物的一部分。如：

There is an interesting article in the newspaper. 报纸上有一篇有趣的文章。

He dug a hole in the wall. 他在墙上挖了一个洞。

6. 表示“穿过……”的through, across与over

through指从内部穿过；across则指表面上的横穿；over指从上方过去、跨越。如：

The elephant can’t go through the gate. 大象不能从门里穿过。

I help the blind man across the road. 我帮助那位盲人过马路。

He climbed over the wall. 他从墙上爬了过去。

7. in the end, at the end of与by the end of

in the end意为“最后、终于”，与at last, finally同义。如：

In the end they reached a safe place. 最后，他们终于到达了一个安全的地方。

at the end of表示“在……末尾、到……尽头”，既可指时间或位置，也可指物体。如：

At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden. 马路的尽头有一个漂亮的花园。

They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week. 他们决定在这个周末举行一个英语晚会。

by the end of意为“到……末为止”，只能指时间。常用于完成时，也用于将来时。如：By the end of the holiday, I had spent all my money. 到假期结束时，我已经花光了自己所有的钱。

By the end of the week, you will have a clear idea of what your eating habits are. 到这周末你便会清楚自己的饮食习惯了。

8. between与among

between一般表示两者之间。如：

You are to sit between your father and me. 你就坐在我和你父亲之间吧。

among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：

The girl quickly disappeared among the crowd. 那个女孩很快就消失在人群之中。

注意：①有时虽然是三个以上的人或事物，但如果强调两两相互间的关系，仍用between。如：

Agreements were made between the different countries. 不同国家之间达成了协议。

②在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：

They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley. 他们不知道小麦、燕麦与大麦之间的区别。

9. besides, but, except与except for

besides指“除了……还有”，与in addition to/apart from/aside from同义。作连接副词时，意为“此外”。如：Two foreign teachers were present at the meeting besides Smith. 除了史密斯之外，还有两名外籍教师出席了会议。

but作介词时，意为“除了(……之外)”，常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything, no等词和其他疑问词后面。如：Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除了傻瓜谁会做这样的事？

except与except for都意为“除……外”，两者一般都不能位于句首。但except后接的词同整体词（主语）一般是同类，指在同类的整体中除去一个部分。except for后接的词同整体词（主语）不是同类的，指从整体中除去一个细节。如：

The office is open every day except Sundays. 除了星期日这家公司每天都营业。

His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 除了一些拼写错误，他的日记写得还不错。

10. 表示用工具和手段的by, in与with

by表用工具(by train/hand/land/e-mail…)或手段(by reading…)，其后的动词用动名词。如：by hand 手工by this means 用这种方法

with表用有形的工具或身体某些器官(with a pencil/our eyes)，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词修饰。如：

They are writing with chalk. 他们用粉笔写字。

in表示用材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等。如：

in English 用英语in a low voice 低声地；小声地

11. as与like

as指身份、资格，意为“作为”。如：

Let me speak to you as a father. (事实上是父亲)

like意为“像……一样”。如：

Let me speak to you like a father. (事实上不是父亲)

12. 表示“随着……”的as与with

as为连词，后接从句。如：As the day went on, the weather got worse. 随着日子一天天过去，天气越来越糟了。

with为介词，后接名词或代词等。如：With spring coming on, the weather gets warmer. 随着春天的到来，天气越来越暖和了。

考点练透

一、单句填空用适当的介词填空。

1. (1) __________ the night of May 4th, my good friend left for Canada.

(2) __________ night you can see the stars in the sky.

(3) __________ a cold morning Marie was woken up by a loud noise.

(4) __________ the morning she often has milk and some bread for breakfast.

(5) __________ the 1970s we had a hard time.

2. (1) Kate is writing __________ a friend of hers.

(2) Kate is writing __________ a piece of paper.

(3) Kate is writing __________ in blue ink.

(4) Kate is writing __________ a piece of chalk on the blackboard.

(5) Kate is writing a letter __________ an old man who can’t write.

3. (1) We all passed the exam __________ the end.

(2) We had finished learning five books __________ the end of last term.

(3) We will hold a party __________ the end of this term.

4. (1) The apples __________ the tree are ripe.

(2) The birds __________ the tree are singing merrily.

(3) There is a map of China __________ the back wall.

(4) There is a small hole __________ the wall.

5. (1) China lies __________ the west of Japan.

(2) Canada lies __________ the north of USA.

(3) Canada lies __________ the north of North America.

6. (1) He can do everything __________ cooking.

(2) He can speak two other languages __________ English.

(3) He did nothing __________ watched TV all day.

(4) The road was empty __________ several cars at that time.

7. (1) The man tried to walk __________ the big rock.

(2) The man walked __________ the road and got on a bus.

(3) The man saw some beautiful birds when walking __________ the woods.

8. (1) There is no secret __________ you and me.

(2) You are the tallest __________ my friends.

(3) There is a break __________ classes.

9. (1) __________ time passed, things seemed to get worse.

(2) __________ time going by, he knows more and more.

10. (1) He will leave for Korea __________ three days.

(2) He went to Beijing and returned __________ three days.

(3) He will be back __________ 3 p.m.

(4) He has lived in Paris __________ three years ago.

(5) It kept raining heavily __________ Monday __________ Wednesday.

二、语篇填空在括号内填入适当的介词。

It was so nice an afternoon that I decided to go for a little walk 1 my new boots —the ones I had seen advertised on TV 2 “the world’s best boots”. Well, 3 theory, yes, they were very comfortable boots but I soon found that in fact they gave me blisters. In general I do enjoy walking, but at that moment all I wanted was rest and refreshment, in other words, I needed to sit down, have a drink and go home 4 the bus. The last bus home was in half an hour and I was far 5 the bus stop so I would have to get there 6 a hurry. At last I got to the bus stop just in time 7 a drink at the pub before the bus came. I limped to the bus stop in the hope 8 getting on. But I was out of luck because the bus was full up — not even standing room! I knew I would never make it home on foot and I was 9 the point of returning to the pub to drown my sorrows when another bus came round the corner, completely empty. I got on, sat by myself at the back and started to feel 10 peace with the world again as I took off my boots!

三、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

With the rise of human civilization about 8,000 years ago and especially 1 the Industrial Revolution in the mid-1700s, human beings began to alter (改变) the surface, water, and atmosphere of the Earth. In doing so, 2 have become active geological agents, not unlike other forces of change that influence the planet. As a result, Earth’s immediate future

depends, 3 a great extent, on the 4 (behave) of human beings. For example, 5 widespread use of fossil fuels is releasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere and 6 (threat) to warm the planet’s surface. This global warming could melt glaciers and the polar ice caps, 7 could flood coastlines around the world and many island nations. In effect, the carbon dioxide that 8 (remove) from Earth’s early atmosphere by the oceans and by primitive plant and animal life, 9 subsequently (随后) buried as fossilized remains in sedimentary rock, is being released back into the atmosphere and is threatening the 10 (exist) of living things.

助读词汇

coastline n. 海岸线primitive adj. 原始的

fossilized adj. 石化的rise n. 出现

atmosphere n. 大气层release vt.释放

glacier n.冰川the Industrial Revolution 工业革命

fossil fuel 化石燃料polar ice cap 极地冰帽

sedimentary rock 沉积岩active geological agents 积极的地质作用者

参考答案

考点练透

一、单句填空

1. On; At; On; In; In

2. to; on; in; with; for

3. in; by; at

4. on; in; on; in

5. to; on; in

6. except; besides; but; except for

7. over; across; through

8. between; among; between

9. As; With 10. in; after; at; since; from; to

二、语篇填空

1. in

2. as

3. in

4. on

5. from

6. in

7. for

8. of

9. on 10. at

三、语法填空

本短文主要告诉我们全球变暖的起因以及全球变暖将会给地球带来的影响。

1. since 此处since为介词，意为“自从……依赖”，符合句意。

2. they 缺少主语填代词，they在此指代前面的human beings。

3. to 习惯搭配，to a great extent意为“在很大程度上”。

4. behavior 作介词宾语用名词名师。

5. the 此处特指widespread use of fossil fuels。

6. threatens 分析句子成分可知，此空作谓语和前面的is releasing构成并列谓语，故填动词，主语是use，要用第三人称单数。

7. which 非限定性定语从句，which在此指代前面This global warming could melt glaciers and the polar ice caps整个情况。

buried as fossilized是定语从句，修饰先行词the carbon dioxide。再根据此空后的from Earth’s

9. and 根据句子成分可知，(was) buried as fossilized与was removed from Earth’s early

atmosphere by the oceans and by primitive plant and animal life是两个并列成分，且表“联合”关系，故填and合适。

10. existence 作宾语用名词形式。

高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语

高考全攻略高中英语语法专题介词和介词短语 考点详情 高考频度：★★★★★【命题解读】 介词在英语中比较活跃，然而在高考中直接考查介词的题不是很多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。 【命题预测】 高考对介词的考查将不再局限于单个介词，将会更加注重对介词固定搭配中的介词的考查，精细化考查介词短语的辨析。在学习介词时，应重点掌握介词的基本用法，同时注意总结其与名词、形容词、副词、动词等搭配构成的短语的意思和用法。 【复习建议】 1. 掌握介词的常见用法及易混介词的辨析； 2. 掌握介词与其他词所构成的一些固定短语； 3. 掌握在定语从句中介词的使用情况。 介词的分类

考向①介词短语的功能 介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 介词短语的功能例句 作定语They didn’t find the solution to the problem. 作状语We have breakfast at seven.（表时间） They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法） Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件） 作表语When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home. 作宾语补足语I found the old building in a bad condition. 考向②常考介词的辨析 介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，使用频率相当高，其用法跟冠词一样复杂。但根据近年来高考命题的情况来看，考生需要掌握以下内容。 1.表示相同或相似概念的介词（短语）的区别 表示的概念介词（短语）区别例 时间 in on at at在一个时间点上； in在一段的时间之内； on在具体日子。 ①at 8 o’clock, at noon ②in the 1990s, in January ③on Monday, on a warm morning since from since 指从过去到现在的 一段时间，和完成时连 用； from指从时间的某一点 开始。 ①We have not seen each other since 1995. ②I hope to do morning exercises from today. in, after in指在一段时间之后，也 可以指一段时间之内 =within； ①We’ll be back in three days. ②After seven the rain began to fall. ③What shall we do after graduation?

2019高三英语语法讲解-专项10形容词和副词

2019高三英语语法讲解-专项10形容词和副词 一.概念 形容词是用来修饰,描述名词或代词的词,主要用作定语,表语和补足语等. 副词是用来修饰动词,形容词,其化副词,介词短语或全句的词. 二.要点精讲 1.形容词及其用法 1〕直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。 2〕表达形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid害怕的。 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等。 3〕形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing 为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。例如：somethingnice. 3.用形容词表示类别和整体 1〕某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如thedead，theliving，therich，thepoor，theblind，thehungry等。例如：Thepoorarelosinghope.穷人行将失去希望。 2〕Onedaytheycrossedthe____bridgebehindthepalace. A.oldChinesestone B.Chineseoldstone C.oldstoneChinese D.Chinesestoneold

Wecouldseeveryclearlyastrangelightaheadofus.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 b.方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如：HespeaksEnglishwell.他英语说得好。 6.副词的排列顺序： 1〕时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 2〕方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。例如：Pleasewriteslowlyandcarefully.请写得慢一些，仔细一些 3〕多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。 注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。 改错：〔错〕IverylikeEnglish. 〔对〕IlikeEnglishverymuch. 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。例如： Idon'tknowhimwellenough.他我不熟悉。Thereisenoughfoodforeveryonetoeat.有足够的食物供每个人吃。Thereisfoodenoughforeveryonetoeat. 7.兼有两种形式的副词 1〕close与closely close意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔细地”。例如：Heissittingclosetome.他就坐在我边上。 Watchhimclosely.盯着他。 2〕late与lately late意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。例如： Youhavecometoolate.你来得太晚了。 Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?近来好吗? 3〕deep与deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深

2019高三英语语法要点细讲精练：专项12情态动词

2019高三英语语法要点细讲精练：专项12情态动词 专题12情态动词 【考纲解读】 情态动词与虚拟语气有千丝万缕的联系，它们往往放在一起考查。在近年高考题中，对情态动词的考查几乎每年都有纵观近几年的高考题可以看出，高考对情态动词的考查热点依次是：〔1〕推测和可能性；〔2〕“情态动词+havedone〔3〕shall,should,can,must表示特定语气。尤其是对“情态动词+havedone”结构的考查频率较高。试题的情景设置往往生动、真实，但考查的角度趋于细微化和综合化，有效信息较为隐蔽，这就决定了情态动词题是难题之一。情态动词题每年都考，所以本专题在高考中的重要地位是显而易见的。因而在复习中应引起高度重视，且依笔者之见，来年高考中对情态动词考查的可能性依然非常大。 【知识要点】 【一】情态动词的语法特征 1. 2.情态动词除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to 3.情态动词没有人称、数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s 4.情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词等形式。 【二】情态动词的基本用法 1.比较can和beableto 1)cancould表示能力；可能(过去时用could)，只用于现在时和过去时(could)。beableto Theywillbeabletotellyouthenewssoon. 2)只用beableto 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/wereableto，不能用could HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout. =HemanagedtofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout. 注意：could不表示时态，表示 提出委婉的请求〔注意在回答中不可用could〕 —CouldIhavethetelevisionon? —Yes，youcan./No，youcan’t. Hecouldn’tbeabadman. 2.比较may和might 1)表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may MayGodblessyou! Hemightbeathome. 注意：might表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 2)may/mightaswell，后面接不带to

高中英语语法-介词

介词 一．介词的定义和特征 介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介 词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作主语, 状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。例如: Most of the students went to the classroom.大部分学生去了教室。 We play basketball on the sports ground.我们在操场上打蓝球。 介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。 belong to 属于，rely on 依靠，talk to 同...谈话，be afraid of 害怕，be strict with对... 严格... 介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时，这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。 Where do you come from?你是哪儿人? Who are you talking to?你在跟谁谈话呢? What do you study for?你为了什么而学习? 介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小，但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义: about关于,附近,大约,周围,随身 I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。 There are about fifteen trees in the picture.图片里大约有十五棵树。 above在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游 The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。 I think the man is above sixty years old. 我想那人有六十多岁了。 across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面 Can you swim across the river？你能游过河吗？ We live across the street. 我们住在街的对面。 after在...后面,依照 He went home after school.他放学后就回家了。 Read after me, please. 请跟我朗读。 against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背 The car hit against the tree. 汽车撞了树。 He is standing against the wall. 他靠墙站着。 along沿着,顺着 They are walking along the river. 他们沿着河行走。 among在...当中 He is the tallest among them. 他是他们当中个子最高的。 around在...的周围,在...那一边 They sat around the table talking the news.他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。 There is a drugstore around the corner.拐角处有一家药店。 as 作为 He doesn't like people treat him as a child. 他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。

2020高中英语语法：介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

高中英语语法“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间 存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+ 关系代词”句型。例如： The man who/whom/th at you spok e to is a teacher. =The man to whom you spok e is a teacher. 一、基本构成 1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即： 介词+which/whom。 （1）The man to whom you spok e is a teacher. （2）The city in which she lives is far away. （3）The little girl is reading a book,in which there are many cartoons. 注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。 2.在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用that/which(指物)；that/who/whom（指人）作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：（1)The man(who/whom/that)you spok e to is a teacher. （2）The city（which/that）she lives in is far away. 注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look for,look after,pay attention to,take care of,look forward to,listen to等。This is the pen(that/which)you are looking for. The patient(who/whom/that)she is looking after is her father. The words that/which we should pay attention to are written on the blackboard. There are fifty patients who/whom/that we must take good care of. 二、关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中 when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,during等）+which； Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which； Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which (1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示 时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。 I still remember the day when I came here.(on the day=when=on which) (2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表 示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。 This is the h ou se where I lived last year.(in the house=where=in which) (3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用 for which来代替关系副词why。 There are many reasons why people like traveling.(for the reasons=why=for which)

2019年高中英语语法填空专题分类训练--名词(含详解)

2019年高中英语语法填空专题分类训练--名词（含详解） 1.The grand sight of Mount Huangshan is beyond__________(describe) 2.With their help and__________(encourage) , I have made rapid progressrecently. 3.These results suggested that the__________(appreciate) of music may besomething that is unique to humans. 4.Whatever she days will not make any__________(different) to our arrangements. 5.Some schools will have to make__________(adjust) in agreement with thenational soccer reform. 6.The new teacher made a good__________(impress) on the students. 7.I had to explain the reasons to satisfy his__________( curious ). 8.Fill in your address at the bottom of the__________(apply). 9.The environmentalists said the wild go at’s__________(appear) on the vastareas of grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. 10.I came up with the__________(solve) to both problems at once. 11.—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for anew one? —Th at’s a good__________(suggest) 12.To avoid__________(confuse), The teams wore different colors. 13.The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has__________(branch)all over the country. 14.I would appreciate it if my application could get your__________(approve). 15.Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on

人教版高中英语【必修二】[语法讲解

人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】

高考英语语法考点解读：介词

介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。使用频率相当高，用法多而杂，一个介词可能有多种不同的用法；一个相近的意思又可以用不同的介词表达。所以在一轮的备考中必须逐一掌握每个高频介词的用法；弄清楚易混介词的用法异同；能够根据具体语境灵活运用介词。常用介词、易错介词的辨析以及介词固定搭配的考查将是介词考查的主要方向。 一、介词的分类与语法功能 介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类或短语等)构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。 介词分为：简单介词，如at，in，for等；合成介词，如within，inside，onto，throughout 等；短语介词，如according to，out of，by means of，in spite of，instead of等；双重介词，如from behind /above /under，until after等；分词介词，如considering，including，judging (from/by) 等。 二、介词的意义 1．表示时间的介词 (1)in表示“在某一时间段”或“在某一时候”，如用在月、季、份、时代、世纪等时间名词的前面，或用来泛指一天的某一段时间。in也可以指“在……之后”，表示从说话起的若干时间内。如： in July/summer//ancient times The bus will be here in ten minutes. (2)on表示“在特定的某一天”，也可用于带有修饰语的一天的某个时间段之前。如：on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st (3)at表示“在某一时间点”，或用来表示不确定的时间和短期的假日、时节等。如： at six o'clock, at Easter (4)over, through (out)两者均指“经过的全部时间”。如：

高考英语语法必考考点(4)介词(含解析)

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（4）：介词含解析 李仕才 【考点解读】 介词无法在句中独立担当成分，其后一般接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，还可接不定式（如：except, but）或that引导的从句作宾语，构成介词短语，有时还可接另外一个介词短语（如：from among the trees）。 一、介词的分类： 1. 从结构上分，可分为：简单介词（如：at, in, on, for, over, up）、合成介词（如：inside, outside, within, without）、以-ing结尾的介词（如：concerning, including, excluding, following）和短语介词（如：according to, because of, apart from, in case of）。 2. 从含义上分，可分为表示时间（如：at, in, on, before, between）、地点（如：at, in, on, under, behind）、趋向（如：to / towards, across, off, up）、原因（如：for, with, due to）、让步（如：despite, in spite of）和条件（如：in case of, without, but for）等的介词。 二．核心介词必备清单： 1)表示“时间”的介词： (1) at，on，in

at：用在钟点、黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜、节日等时间名词前或表示一段时间的开头或结尾。 at 12：00，at noon，at night，at midnight, at dawn，at daybreak，at sunrise，at the weekend，at Christmas on：用在具体的某一天、星期几及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词前，即on 表示具体的时间。 on October 1st，on a rainy day，on National Day，on the morning of January 3rd，on the afternoon of his arrival in：用在某年、月、季节、上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词以及较长的时间如世纪、朝代之前。 in the Tang Dynasty，in September，in the morning/afternoon/evening 注意: 当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，some，every等词限定时，通常不用任何介词。 (2) for，during，through for：指某个动作或状态持续了多少时间。 during：指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。 through：在……期间；从……开头到结尾(最后那天包括在内，此时与throughout相同) (3) from，since from: 只用作介词，表示某动作或情况自某时开始，不表示什么时候结束。

2019届高三英语：语法 定语从句

专题八 定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who,whom,which,that,whose 等,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等;关系副词主要有when,where,why 等,在定语从句中作状语。本部分知识考查的重点和难点主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的区分、whose 的运用以及“介词+关系代词”中介词和关系代词的选择上。在语法填空试题中其考查点主要表现为无提示型的填空形式。 考点一关系代词引导的定语从句 1 [2018·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空] (节选)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease … [试题分析] that 或which 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study 是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that 或which 。 【考点归纳】 关系代词的使用规则 考点二关系副词引导的定语从句 2 [2017·浙江卷6月考·语法填空] (节选)…was spread over the garden , it remained until the carrot s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.

[试题分析] where考查定语从句。此处先行词是the garden,在从句中充当地点状语,故填where。 【考点归纳】关系副词的使用规则 【技巧点拨】 如何判断关系词 ①选用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。 ②准确判断先行词在从句中的成分(主、宾、定、表、状)才能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。如果先行词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语,选择关系代词(which,that,who,whom,whose);如果先行词在从句中作状语,选择关系副词(when,where,why)。熟练掌握每个关系词的用法是解题的关键。 考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 3 Many young people,most of were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. [试题分析] whom句意:许多年轻人——他们之中的大部分人都受过良好的教育——前往边远地区追逐他们的梦想。该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词young people指人,故填whom作介词的宾语。 4 The newly built café,the walls of are painted light green,is really a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work. [试题分析] which句意:新建的咖啡馆的墙被涂成了浅绿色,它对我们来说真是一个安静的去处,特别是在辛勤工作之后。该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词the newly built café指物,故填which作介词的宾语。 【考点归纳】“介词+关系代词”的使用规则

高考英语语法知识点专题复习—介词

高考英语语法知识点专题复习—介词 介词---基础篇 一．介词at/ in /on. 1. 表示时间： 1). 表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄 at six o’clock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night 2) in表示时间段, 一天的三个时间段以及月份, 年, 季节, 世纪, 人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时) in the morning/afternoon /evening in spring /in 2007/in March in the twenty-first century in his fifties 3) on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上, 表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时. On Monday on New Year’s Day on Sunday morning on a rainy night on the evening of April 1st, 2007 2. 表地点: 1) at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置 at the station at the cinema 2) in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里. in China in the classroom 3) on 指在某物体的表面上.

on the desk 注意: 写街道时, 若有门牌号用at , 否则用on / in 都可. He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street. 二. 介词in /on / to 表方位: 1. in表示A地在B地范围之内. (包含关系) Tanwan is ____ the southeast of China . 2. on表示A, B地接壤. (外切关系) Hubei is ____ the north of Hunan . 3. to表示A, B两地有一定的间距. (外离关系) Japan is _____ the east of China . 三. between / among 在……之间： 1. between: 指两者之间. 在…….之间. 2. among : 用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在……之中. You sit _____ him and me . The song is popular ______ the students. 四. after / in 在……之后： 1. after 1) after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时. 2) after 作介词. after doing sth 2. in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时. He came back ______ two days .

高中英语语法练习-介词和连词专项练习含答案解析

高中英语语法练习-介词和连词 一、基础练习 1. Henry, ＿＿＿ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit? Which is WRONG? A. together with B. like C. besides D. but in addition to 2. His father will be back from London＿＿＿＿a few days. A. since B. in C. on D. after 3. He usually goes to work on time ＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. except for raining days B. besides it rains C. but that it rains D. except on rainy days 4. Did you have trouble ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ the post office? A. to have found B. with finding C. to find D. in finding 5. If you keep on, you’ll su cceed ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿. A. in time B. at one time C. at the same time D. on time 6. The train leaves＿＿＿6：00 pm, so I have to be at the station＿＿＿5：40 pm at the latest? A. at； until B. for； after C. at； by D. before； around 7. ＿＿＿the gate and you’ll find the entra nce＿＿＿the park＿＿＿the other side. A. Through； to； on B. Along； of； on C. Down； to； at D. Up； of； by 8. One＿＿＿ five will have the chance to join in thegame. A. within B. among C. in D. from 9. —— Do you go there ＿＿＿bus?—— No, we go there ＿＿＿a train. A. in； on B. on； on C. by； in D. by； with 10. I made the coat ＿＿＿my own hands. It was made＿＿＿hand, not with a machine. A. in； in B. in； with C. with； by D. with； with 11. The trees ＿＿＿front of the house are ＿＿＿the charge of Mr. Li. A. in； in B. at； in C. in； by D. from； in 12. The old man died＿＿＿＿＿＿ cold ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ a cold night. A. from； at B. of； in C. of； on D. for； during 13. My uncle lives＿＿＿＿116 Changhe Street. His room is ＿＿＿＿the sixth floor. A. at； on B. to； at C. on； in D. of； to 14. I don’t think you can wo rk out the maths problem＿＿＿＿her help. A. since B. unless C. with D. without 15. He is running＿＿the wind towards the station＿＿Tom running ＿＿the right. A. down； and； on B. against； with； on C. for； with； in D. with； while； to 16. In Hangzhou Mr. Black was so struck＿＿the beauty of nature that he stayed＿＿another night. A. at； on B. with； at C. for； in D. by； for 17. —— How long has the bookshop been in business? ——＿＿＿＿＿＿1987. A. After B. In C. From D. Since 18. We offered him our congratulations＿＿＿＿＿his passing the college entrance exams. A. at B. on C. for D. of 19. Guangdong lies＿＿＿the south of China and Fujian is＿＿＿the east of it. Hainan is ＿＿the coast of the mainland. A. in； in； on B. in； on； off C. on； to； on D. in； to； away

2019年高中英语语法填空专题分类训练--谓语动词2(含详解)

2019年高中英语语法填空专题分类训练--谓语动词（含详解） 1.People say that the art exhibition is worth seeing. I wish I__________(can) go with you but I’m too busy these days. 2.These elephants__________(hunt) at such a speed that they will disappear soon. 3—Hi,let’s go skatin g. —Sorry,I’m busy right now.I(fill) in an application form for a new job. 4.So fast__________he walk that I couldn’t catch up with him. 5In the last few years,China (make) great achievements in environmental protection. 6In front of the farmhouse (lie) a peasant boy. 7.In the 1950s in the U.S.A., most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones __________(invent) yet. 8.I__________(praise) if I finish the work within one week. 9.I__________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road. 10.I would rather you__________(tell) me the truth now. 11.In a study,a “jukebox (自动点唱机)", __________( create) , which allowed chimps to select their favorite classical pop or rock music. 12.When Daisy turned around,she found that she__________(watch) by an elephant. 13.Shakespeare's play Hamlet __________(make) into at least ten different films over the past years. 14 It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food. 15Just as I got to the school gate, I realized I (leave) my book in the cafe. 16The first time he met the girl he ________(strike) by her wisdom and fell in love with her. 17.He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he __________(follow). 18Only by communicating with each other more frequently they clear away the misunderstandings and solve the conflict.

高中英语语法(全英详细讲解)

必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来 use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ② Are you coming to the cinema? ③ He is leaving for London in two hours. ④ We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun:The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed