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初三中考英语作文专题之句子结构造句写作练习

学员编号：年级：课时数：学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：

授课类型

T C T 句子结构造句教学目标通过本节了解和熟悉简单句的句子结构并会造句。

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授课日期及时段

教学内容

T能力-句子结构造句

（建议3分钟）

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一、简单句的句型结构

我们中国人学英语都很刻苦，抓到一本单词书可以翻到双手抽筋，背到口吐白沫，词汇量大的惊人，认识的词汇都异常生猛，一辈子都用不到几次。连老外都自叹不如。但一跟老外对话交流，一拿笔写文章就都瞎了，为啥？因为不知道如何把学到的单词组合起来。口语也好，作文也好，本质上都是造句，而造句就需要知道，有什么规则把这些单词组合在一起。所以要想口语好，作文好，最最基础的掌握英语的句子结构，知道一个完整的句子需要哪些成分，哪些词，单词位置都在哪里。所以，下面我们要掌握英语简单句的句子结构类型。

二、结构详解

1、主谓结构

说明：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。

例句：The sun rises.

主语谓语

【讲解】此乃英语句子中最简单的结构，一个主语一个谓语就可以组成一个句子了：太阳升起。这是大白话未免有点单薄，姜文的“太阳照样升起”就有点韵味了。请学生尽情的扩充句子，和汉语对比学习，加强对句子结构和成分的理解。看看学生能把这个句子造多长。

可提示学生：

主语可有修饰语---定语，如，The red sun rises.

玩转英语句型结构造句

谓语可有修饰语---状语，如，The Sun Also Rises（“太阳照样升起”）The red sun rises in the east.

句子结构练习：

1. 你应当努力学习。You should study hard

2. 她昨天回家很晚。She went home very late

3. 那天早上我们谈了很多。We talked a lot that morning

4. 会议将持续两个小时。The meeting will last for two hours

5. 五年前我住在北京。I lived in Beijing five years ago

6. 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。Such things happen all over the world every day.

7. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。Many students come to borrow books in the library every afternoon

8. 每天八时开始上课。Classes begin at eight every day.

9. 这个盒子重五公斤。This box weights five kilogram.

2、主系表结构

说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有（1）表示特征和存在状态的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound.

（2）表示状态延续的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand.

（3）表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow.

例句：My brother is middle school student

主语系动词表语

【讲解】让学生认识未划线的部分是什么成分，有什么功能。让学生尝试在不改变主系表的情况下造句。

在句子前后还能加什么成分。

句子结构练习：

1. 我的兄弟是高中生。My brother is a high school student.

2. 冬季白天短，夜晚长。In winter, days are long and nights are short.

3. 布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs. Brown looks in good health.

4. 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。He became a famous pianist at fifteen.

5. 孩子们，请保持安静。Kids, please be quiet.

6. 这本书是有关美国历史的书。This book is about American history.

7. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten.

3、主谓宾结构I

说明：此结构是由主语+谓语+宾语构成。其中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。

宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。

例句：I wrote a letter

主语谓语宾语

【讲解】主系表结构强调的是某事某人某物自身一种状态的情况。即：是什么，怎么样了，而主谓宾结构强调的是动作和动作对象。即有什么动作，做了什么动作。同样，让学生在此结构上添加成分，老师给予指导。

句子结构练习：

1. 我开窗户你在意吗？Would you mind if I open the window？

2. 今天下午我想同你谈谈。I want to talk with you this afternoon.

3. 这本书他读过多次了。He has read this book many times.

4. 他们成功地完成了计划。They successfully achieved the plan.

5. 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。You must finish reading these books in two weeks

6. 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。The gentleman can speak three languages fluently.

7. 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。I heard from my pen pal in Australia.

4、双宾语结构

说明：

此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。

例句：

He brings me cookies every day.

主语谓语间宾直宾

请划出此句的结构: She made me a beautiful dress.

若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如:

He brings cookies to me every day.

She made a beautiful dress for me.

用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。

用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。

常跟双宾语的动词有：

需借助to的bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,等。

需借助for 的buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。

翻译练习：

1.Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。Mr. Johnson taught us German last year.

2. 奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。Grandma told us an interesting story last night.

3. Mary把钱包交给校长了。Mary handed in the wallet to the school master

4. 请把那本字典递给我好吗? Could you pass me the dictionary?

5、复合宾语结构

说明:

此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补

足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。

例句：

The sun keeps us warm.

主语谓语宾语宾语补足语

【讲解】不必太强调一些语法术语，所谓的宾语补足语，其实就是对宾语的动作，状态，身份等情况的说明。就是要表达：这个“宾语”怎么了？

请指出如下两句的结构I heard him singing.

You must get your hair cut.

注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。

即主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾补 + 真正宾语。请划出成分：

I found it very pleasant to be with your family.

句子结构练习：

1.我们叫她Alice. We call her Alice.

2. 他的父母给他取名为John. His parents name him John.

3. 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。We all believed he was honest.

4. 他们把门推开了。They pushed the door open.

5. 他们把小偷释放了。They set the thief free.

6. 我要请人把我的收音机修理一下。I will have my radio repaired.

7. 他请我们参加做游戏。He invited us to join the game.

8. 她要你把真相告诉她。She asked you to tell her the truth.

9. 警察命令我们立即离开。The policemen ordered us to leave right now.

10. 他每个月理一次发。He has his hair cut every month.

7、There be 句型

说明：

此句型是由there + be + 主语+ 状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际意义。Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，

现在有there is/are …

过去有there was/were…

将来有there will be…/there is /are going to be...

现在已经有there has/have been…

可能有there might be...

肯定有there must be …/there must have been...

过去一直有there used to be …

似乎有there seems/seem/seemed to be …

碰巧有there happen/happens/happened to be …

此句型有时不用be动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive 等。

句子结构练习：

1. 今晚没有会。There is no meeting tonight.

2. 这个村子过去只有一口井。There was only a well in the village.

3. 这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。There is a music teacher and an art teacher in this school.

4. 客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。There were two Americans and two Frenchmen among the guests.

5. 天气预报说下午有大风。According to the weather forecast, there will be a gale tomorrow.

6. 灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。The light is on. There must be someone in the office.

7. 公共汽车来了。There comes the bus.

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1. 爱丽丝很会游泳。Alice swims very well.

2. 约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。John’s father died last night.

3. 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。Some birds fly to the south in autumn.

4. 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。My grandfather gets up very early in the morning.

5. 他失业了。He is out of work.

6. 树叶已经变黄了。Leaves have turned yellow

7. 这个报告听起来很有意思。This report sounds very interesting.

8. Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。Jim still can’t dress himself.

9. 我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。We all believe Jack is an honest boy.

10. 他每天早晨洗冷水澡。He has a cold bath every morning.

11. Robinson Crusoe 给自己做了一只小船。Robinson Crusoe made himself a little boat.

12. 请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？Would you please get me a new copy？

13. 我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？Shall I call you a taxi?

14. 新机器将会为你节省许多劳动。The new machine will save you much work.

15. 那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了The terrible noise made the children frightened.

16. 她正在听人家讲故事。She is listening to someone telling stories.

17. 就只剩下二十八美元了。There remained just twenty-eight dollars.

18. 铃响了。There goes the bell.

19. 他感到很难跟你交谈。He felt it very difficult to talk with you

20. 我想乘船去那里更舒服些。I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.

21. 我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way.

22. 我认为与那个人谈话是无益的。I thought it no use talking with that man.

score:____________

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放电影回顾式学习法

学了这么多，你能为这几个句型造句吗？

_______________________________

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