Chapter6复习

Chapter 6

Consumer Markets and Consumer Buyer Behavior

Multiple Choice

1.What is the name of the company that is the top-in fast food.?

a.Kentucky Fried Chicken

b.Wendy’s

c.Burger King

d.McDonald’s

(d; Easy)

2.McDonald’s had attracted Hong Kong customers who were ______.

a.old people

b.young people

c.middle-aged people

d.retired people

(b; Moderate)

3.What is McDonald’s well publicized formula?

a.ABCD

b.QCSV

c.PDCA

d.ASQC

(b; Easy)

4.McDonald’s in Asia is an intereting example of segmentation by _____.

a.time of day

b.age group

c.personality

d.income

(a; Challenging)

5._____ is never simple, yet understanding it is the essential task of marketing

management.

a.Brand personality

b.Consumption pioneer

c.Early adopter

d.Consumer buyer behavior

(d; Challenging)

6.Most large companies research _____ buying decisions to find out what they buy,

where they buy, how and how much they buy, when they buy, and why they buy.

a.market

b.permanent

c.consumer

d.social

(c; Easy)

7.How do consumers respond to various marketing efforts the company might use?

The starting point is the _____ of a buyer’s behavior.

a.belief

b.subculture

c.postpurchase feeling

d.stimulus-response

(d; Challenging)

8.Marketing stimuli consist of the four Ps. Which is not one of these Ps?

a.product

b.political

c.price

d.promotion

(b; Moderate)

9.Which is not a part of the buyer’s black box?

a.observable buyer responses

b.product choice

c.need recognition

d.dealer choice

(c; Challenging)

10.The marketer wants to understand how the stimuli are changed into responses inside

the consumer’s _____, which has two parts. First, the buyer’s characteristics

influence how he or she perceives and reacts to the stimuli. Second, the buyer’s

decision process itself affects the buyer’s behavior.

a.culture

b.black box

c.belief

d.lifestyle

(b; Moderate)

11.The marketer needs to understand the role played by all of the following except

_____.

a.the buyer’s culture

b.the buyer’s subculture

c.the weather

d.the buyer’s social class

(c; Easy)

12._____ is the most basic cause of a person’s wants and behavior.

a.Culture

b.Brand personality

c.Cognitive dissonance

d.New product

(a; Moderate)

13.With the recent economic recovery from the _______crisis in 1998, Asia is

commonly regarded as the most attractive consumer market in the world.

a.environmental

b.technological

c.political

d.fincancial

(d; Challenging)

14.Understanding _______ is an essesntial task of marketing management.

a.Individual behavior

b.buying behavior

c.group behavior

d.market behavior

(b; Challenging)

15.Each culture contains smaller _____, or groups of people with shared value systems

based on common life experiences and situations.

a.alternative evaluations

b.cognitive dissonances

c.subcultures

d.motives

(c; Moderate)

16.Three important Asian subcultures mentioned by the author include all except

_____.

a.Chinese

b.Malays

c.Indians

d.Hispanics

(d; Challenging)

17.Western regions Chinese tend to follow the _______trend when making purchases.

a.current

b.past

c.future

d.important

(a; Challenging)

18.The majority of Beijing consumers will buy a watch to replace the broken one,

They shop for the ______of the watch.

a.rarity

b.collectibility

c.style

d.functionality

(d; Moderate)

19.This group are the social elite. Who are they?

a.Upper uppers.

b.Lower uppers.

c.Upper middles.

d.Middle class.

(a; Moderate)

20._____ are society’s relatively permanent and ordered divisions whose members

share similar values, interests, and behaviors.

a.Social classes

b.Purchase decisions

c.Perceptions

d.Attitudes

(a; Easy)

21.What is one way that a social class is not measured?

a.occupation

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,cation

c.income

d.number of children in the family

(d; Easy)

22._____ are ones to which the individual wishes to belong, as when a teenage

basketball player hopes to play someday for the Los Angeles Lakers.

a.Membership groups

b.Aspirational groups

c.Reference groups

d.Leisure groups

(b; Easy)

23._____ are people within a reference group who, because of special skills,

knowledge, personality, or other characteristics, exert influence on others.

a.Opinion leaders

b.Habitual buyers

c.Charismatic personalities

d.Perceptionists

(a; Easy)

24._____ marketers are now taking to the streets, as well as cafes, nightclubs, and the

Internet, in record numbers. Their goal: to seek out the trendsetters in each

community and subtly push then into talking up a specific brand to their friends and admirers.

a.Family

b.Buzz

c.Personality

d.Opinion

(b; Easy)

25.The _____ is the most important consumer buying organization in society.

Marketers are interested in the roles and influence of the husband, wife, and

children on the purchase of different products and services.

a.family

b.social class

c.opinion leader

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,rmation search

(a; Easy)

26. A _____ consists of the activities people are expected to perform according to the

persons around them.

a.motive

b.role

c.lifestyle

d.perception

(b; Easy)

27.People often buy the kind of clothing that shows their _____ in society.

a.attitude

b.status

c.learning

d.motive

(b; Easy)

28. A buyer’s decisions also are influenced by _____ such as the buyer’s age and life-

cycle stage, occupation, economic situation, lifestyle, and personality and self-

concept.

a.personal characteristics

b.learning

c.habitual buying behavior

d.variety-seeking buying behavior

(a; Moderate)

29.People change the goods and services they buy over time because of two important

factors. These are _____.

a.belief and attitude

b.perception and personality

c.age and life-cycle stage.

d.groups and learning

(c; Moderate)

30.Sony recently overhauled its marketing approach in order to target products and

services to consumers based on their life stages. It created a new unit called the

Consumer Segment Division, which has seven life-stage segments. Which of the following is not one of these segments?

a.gen Y

b. D.I.N.K.s

c.opinion leaders

d.zoomers

(c; Easy)

31.In Asia, credit card companies are known to develop different card types that target

different _____.

a.personalities

b.professionals

c.cultures

d.motivations

(b; Easy)

32._____ is a person’s pattern of living as expressed in his or her psychographics.

a.Personality

b.Culture

c.Lifestyle

d.Motive

(c; Challenging)

33.All of the following make up a person’s lifestyle except _____.

a.AIO dimensions

b.interests

c.dissonance-reducing buying behavior

d.opinions

(c; Moderate)

34.Several research firms have developed lifestyle classifications. The most widely

used is the _____.

a.VALS

b.AIO

c.CIA

d.B2B

(a; Challenging)

35._____ are people with so many resources that they can indulge in any or all

consumer self-orientation.

a.Habitual buyers

b.Actualizers

c.Brand personalities

d.Subcultures

(b; Moderate)

36._____ refers to the unique psychological characteristics that lead to relatively

consistent and lasting responses to one’s own environment. It is usually described in traits such as self-confidence, dominance, sociability, autonomy, defensiveness, adaptability, and aggressiveness.

a.Alternative evaluation

b.Belief

c.Culture

d.Personality

(d; Moderate)

37.Researchers found that a number of well-known brands tended to be strongly

associated with one particular trait, such as Levi’s with “ruggedness.” What is the name of the term that means a specific mix of human traits that may attribute to a particular brand?

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,rmation search

b.social class

c.brand personality

d.new product

(c; Easy)

38.Many marketers use a concept related to personality—a person’s self-concept. The

basic self-concept premise is that people’s possessions contribute to and reflect their identities; that is, “we are what we have.” This leads consumers to _____.

a.buy books to support their self-images

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,e brand personalities

c.begin habitual buying behavior

d.begin variety-seeking buying behavior

(a; Challenging)

39. A person’s buying choices are further influenced by four major psychological

factors. Which is not one of these factors?

a.motivation

b.perception

c.habitual buying behavior

d.learning

(c; Moderate)

40. A _____ is a need that is sufficiently pressing to direct the person to seek

satisfaction.

a.lifestyle

b.motive

c.culture

d.personality

(b; Easy)

41.The term _____ refers to qualitative research designed to probe consumers’ hidden,

subconscious motivations.

a.social class

b.opinion leader

c.motivation research

d.need recognition

(c; Easy)

42.Maslow’s theory is that human needs are arranged in a _____ from the most

pressing at the bottom to the least pressing at the top.

a.social class

b.culture

c.perception

d.hierarchy

(d; Easy)

43.Maslow has a list of human needs from the most pressing to the least pressing. They

include all of the following except _____.

a.physiological needs

b.safety needs

c.need recognition

d.self-actualization

(c; Moderate)

44._____ is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret information to

form a meaningful picture of the world.

a.Personality

b.Perception

c.Selective group

d.Habitual behavior

(b; Moderate)

45.People can form different perceptions of the same stimulus because of three

perceptual processes. All of the following name these processes except _____.

a.selective attention

b.selective distortion

c.selective attitude

d.selective retention

(c; Challenging)

46._____ is the tendency for people to screen out most of the information to which they

are exposed.

a.Selective distortion

b.Selective attitude

c.Selective retention

d.Selective attention

(d; Moderate)

47._____describes the tendency of people to interpret information in a way that will

support what they already believe.

a.Selective distortion

b.Selective attitude

c.Selective retention

d.Selective attention

(a; Challenging)

48.People will forget much that they learn. They tend to retain information that

supports their attitudes and beliefs. This is called _____.

a.selective retention

b.selective distortion

c.selective attitude

d.selective attention

(a; Challenging)

49._____ advertising is when consumers are affected by marketing messages without

even knowing it.

a.Alternative evaluation

b.Subliminal

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d.Motive

(b; Easy)

50._____ describes changes in an individual’s behavior arising from experience.

a.Lifestyle

b.Learning

c.Perception

d.Cognitive dissonance

(b; Easy)

51.Learning occurs through the interplay of all of the following except _____.

a.drives

b.stimuli

c.cues

d.dissonance behavior

(d; Challenging)

52._____ are minor stimuli that determine where, when, and how a person responds to

purchasing an item.

a.Cues

b.Drives

c.Messages

d.Personalities

(a; Challenging)

53.If the experience is rewarding, she will probably use the camera more and more.

Her response to cameras will be _____.

a. a learning experience

b. a belief

c.reinforced

d. a dissonance experience

(c; Easy)

54.The practical significance of _____ for marketers is that they can build up demand

for a product by associating it with strong drives, using motivating cues, and

providing positive reinforcement.

a.alternative evaluation

b.social classes

c.learning theory

d.subcultures

(c; Challenging)

55. A _____ is a descriptive thought that a person has about something.

a.lifestyle

b.motive

c.belief

d.habitual behavior

(c; Easy)

56._____ describes a person’s relatively consistent evaluations, feelings, and

tendencies toward an object or idea.

a.Lifestyle

b.Motive

c.Habitual behavior

d.Attitude

(d; Moderate)

57. A person’s attitudes fit into a pattern, and to change one attitude may require

difficult adjustments in many others. Thus, a company should _____ try to fit its products into existing attitudes rather than attempt to change attitudes.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,ually

b.not

c.once in a while

d.seldom

(a; Easy)

58.Consumers undertake _____ when they are highly involved in a purchase and

perceive significant differences among brands.

a.postpurchase behavior

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,plex buying behavior

c.opinion leaders

d.dissonance

(b; Challenging)

59._____ occurs when consumers are highly involved with an expensive, infrequent, or

risky purchase but see little difference among brands.

a.Brand personality

b.Dissonance-reducing buying behavior

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,plex buying behavior

d.Consumer market

(b; Challenging)

60.After a purchase, consumers might experience _____ when they notice certain

disadvantages of the purchased carpet brand and hear favorable things about brands not purchased.

a.postpurchase culture

b.perception

c.postpurchase dissonance

d.purchase decision

(c; Moderate)

61._____ occurs under conditions of low consumer involvement and little significant

brand difference. Consumers have little involvement in this product category – they simply go to the store and reach for a brand.

a.Alternative evaluation

b.Habitual buying behavior

c.Brand personality

d.Opinion leader

(b; Moderate)

62.All of the following are part of habitual buying behavior except which one?

a.Consumers search extensively for information about the brands.

b.Consumer behavior does not pass through the usual belief – attitude – behavior

sequence.

c.Ad repetition creates brand familiarity rather than brand conviction.

d.The buying process involves brand beliefs formed by passive learning.

(a; Challenging)

63.With habitual buying behavior, buyers are not highly committed to any brands;

marketers of low-involvement products with few brand differences often use _____ and _____ promotions to stimulate product trial.

a.belief; attitude

b.learning; attitude

c.price; sales

d.culture; learning

(c; Challenging)

64.Consumers undertake _____ in situations characterized by low consumer

involvement but significant perceived brand differences. In such cases, consumers often do a lot of brand switching.

a.dissonance buying behavior

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,plex buying behavior

c.need recognition behavior

d.variety-seeking buying behavior

(d; Challenging)

65.Which of the following does not encourage habitual buying behavior?

a.dominating shelf space

b.running frequent reminder advertising

c.keeping shelves fully stocked

d.putting out new products

(d; Easy)

66.What is one thing that challenger firms do not do to encourage habitual buyers to try

their products?

a.They offer lower prices.

b.They advertise special deals.

c.They put their products high on the shelf to be above all the others.

d.They give out coupons and free samples.

(c; Easy)

67.The buyer decision process consists of five stages. Which of the following is not

one of these stages?

a.need recognition

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,rmation search

c.variety-seeking buying behavior

d.purchase decision

(c; Challenging)

68.The buying process starts with _____— the buyer recognizes a problem or need.

a.need recognition

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c.evaluation of alternatives

d.purchase decision

(a; Easy)

69.If the consumer’s drive is strong and a satisfying product is near at hand, the

consumer is likely to buy it then. If not, the consumer may store the need in

memory or undertake a(n) _____.

a.brand personality

b.alternative evaluation

c.postpurchase behavior

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,rmation search

(d; Challenging)

70.The consumer can obtain information from any of several sources. Which is not

one of these sources?

a.personal

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,mercial

c.attitude

d.public

(c; Moderate)

71.The most effective source that consumers obtain information from is _____ because

it legitimizes or evaluates products for the buyer.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,mercial

b.public

c.experimental

d.personal

(d; Challenging)

72.What is the only promotion method that is of consumers, by consumers, and for

consumers?

a.public sources

b.word-of-mouth sources

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,mercial sources

d.subculture sources

(b; Moderate)

73.The marketer needs to know about _____— that is, how the consumer processes

information to arrive at brand choices.

a.alternative evaluation

b.opinion leaders

c.lifestyle

d.habitual buying behavior

(a; Moderate)

74.Consumers arrive at attitudes toward different brands through some evaluation

procedures. Which describes how this happens?

a.Consumers use careful calculations and logical thinking.

b.Consumers sometimes do little or no evaluating; instead they buy on impulse

and rely on intuition.

c.Sometimes consumers turn to friends for advice.

d.All of the above apply.

(d; Easy)

75.Generally, the consumer’s purchase decision will be to buy the most preferred

brand, but two factors can come between the purchase intention and the purchase decision. What is one of these factors?

a.postpurchase behavior

b.attitude of others

c.cognitive dissonance

d.habitual buying behavior

(b; Challenging)

76.The marketer’s job does not end when the product is bought. After purchasing the

product, the consumer will be satisfied or dissatisfied and will engage in _____.

a.habitual buying behavior

b.alternative evaluation

c.postpurchase behavior

d.variety-seeking buying behavior

(c; Easy)

77.What determines whether the buyer is satisfied or dissatisfied with a purchase? The

answer lies in the relationship between the consumer’s expectations and the

product’s _____.

a.perceived performance

b.brand personality

c.recognition

d.consumer market

(a; Easy)

78.Almost all major purchases result in _____, or discomfort caused by postpurchase

conflict.

a.opinion leaders

b.cognitive dissonance

c.purchase decisions

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,plex buying behavior

(b; Moderate)

79._____ is a key to building lasting relationships with consumers.

a.Personality

b.Alternative evaluation

c.Need recognition

d.Customer satisfaction

(d; Moderate)

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,panies should set up systems that _____ customers to complain.

a.discourage

b.encourage

c.do not allow

d.none of the above

(b; Easy)

81. A new product is a good, service, or idea that is perceived by some potential

customers as new. Our interest is in how consumers learn about products for the first time and make decisions to buy them. This is called the _____.

a.new product recognition

b.adoption process

c.variety-seeking buying behavior

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/cc17266947.html,rmation search

(b; Moderate)

82.Which is not one of the stages that customers go through in the process of adopting

a new product?

a.awareness

b.interest

c.evaluation

d.culture

(d; Easy)

83.Relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, divisibility, and communicability are

characteristics of _____.

a.alternative evaluation

b.dissonance-reducing buying behavior

c.influence of product on rate of adoption

d.habitual buying behavior

(c; Challenging)

True – False

84.Mcdonald’s has not performed better than its global competitors like Kentucky

Fried Chicken, Burger King and Wendy’s.

(False; Easy;)

85.Mcdonald’s in Asia is an interesting example of segmentation by time of day. (True; Moderate)

86.Children and young people are the only segments the McDonald’s serve in Asia. (False; Easy)

87.Consumer buying behavior refers to the buying behavior of businesses.

(False; Easy)

88.The central question for marketers is: How do consumers respond to various

marketing efforts the company might use? The starting point is called the stimulus-response of buyer behavior.

(True; Moderate)

89. A dissonance-reducing buying behavior is designed to probe consumers’ hidden,

subconscious motivations.

(False; Challenging)

90.Each culture contains smaller cognitive dissonance, or groups of people with shared

value systems based on common life experiences and situations.

(False; Moderate)

91.Consumers’ behavior is also influenced by the demographic segment.

(True; Easy)

92.Younger consumers are better off financially than mature consumers. They are the

ideal market for exotic travel, restaurants, high-tech home entertainment products, and leisure goods and services.

(False; Easy)

93.Social classes are society’s relatively permanent and ordered divisions whose

members share similar values, interests, and behaviors.

(True; Easy)

94.Social classes are now taking to the streets, as well as cafes, nightclubs, and the

Internet, in record numbers. Their goal: to seek out the trendsetters in each

community and subtly push them into talking up a specific brand to their friends and admirers.

(False; Moderate)

95.Lifestyle is a person’s pattern of living as expressed in his or her psychographics. (True; Easy)

96. A belief is the specific mix of human traits that may be attributed to a particular

brand.

(False; Moderate)

97. A person’s buying choices are further influenced by four major psychological

factors: motivation, perception, learning, and beliefs and attitudes.

(True; Easy)

98. A motive occurs when consumers are highly involved with an expensive,

infrequent, or risky purchase but see little difference among brands.

(False; Easy)

99.Maslow’s theory is that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy. They include

physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs. An unsatisfied need motivates one to take action to satisfy it.

(True; Moderate)

100.Alternative evaluation is the process by which people select, organize, and interpret information to form a meaningful picture of the world.

(False; Challenging)

101.Consumers undertake complex buying behavior when they are highly involved in a purchase and perceive significant differences among brands.

(True; Easy)

102.Dissonance-reducing buying behavior occurs when consumers are highly involved with an expensive, infrequent, or risky purchase but see a lot of difference among brands.

(False; Challenging)

103.Alternative evaluation is how the consumer processes information to arrive at brand choices. Consumers do not use a simple and single evaluation process in all buying situations.

(True; Moderate)

104.The consumer’s purchase decision will be to buy the most preferred brand, but two factors can come between the purchase intention and purchase decision. The first factor is need recognition.

(False; Moderate)

105.After purchasing the product, the consumer will be satisfied or dissatisfied and will engage in postpurchase behavior.

(True; Easy)

106.Almost all major purchases result in cognitive dissonance, or discomfort caused by postpurchase conflict.

(True; Easy)

107.When a consumer learns about a new product for the first time and makes a decision to try it, it is called the alternative evaluation process.

(False; Moderate)

108.People differ greatly in their readiness to try new products. In each product area, there are “consumption pioneers.” They are also called laggards.

(False; Challenging)

109.Early adopters are guided by respect—they are opinion leaders in their communities and adopt new ideas early but carefully.

(True; Moderate)

110.The early majority are deliberate—although they rarely are leaders, they adopt new ideas before the average person.

(True; Moderate)

111.The late majorities are skeptical—they adopt an innovation only after their friends have tried it.

(False; Challenging)

112.In general, innovators tend to be relatively older, more mature, and have a lower income than late adopters.

(False; Challenging)

113.Five characteristics are especially important in influencing an innovation’s rate of adoption. Two of these are relative advantage and compatibility.

(True; Moderate)

114.Other characteristics influence the rate of adoption, such as postpurchase behavior. (False; Easy)

115.Although consumers in different countries have different values, attitudes, and behaviors, the products they buy are very similar to each other.

(False; Challenging)

Essay

116.What is McDonald’s well publicized formula?.

McDonald’s well publicized formula is QCSV, that is, quality (of its food),

cleanliness (of its dining environment), service (of its responsiveness and quality staff) and value (i.e. price value of its meals).

(Challenging; p. 138)

117.Cultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer behavior. The marketer needs to understand the role played by the buyer’s culture, subculture, and social class. Describe the differences between culture, subculture, and social class.

Answer: Culture is the most basic cause of a person’s wants and behavior. Each

culture contains smaller subcultures, or groups of people with shared value systems based on common life experiences and situations. Subcultures include nationalities, religions, racial groups, and geographic regions. Social classes are society’s

relatively permanent and ordered divisions whose members share similar values,

interests, and behaviors.

(Challenging; pp. 139-142)

118.A consumer’s behavior also is influenced by social factors, such as the consumer’s small groups, family, and social roles and status. Explain the differences between these social factors.

Answer: Small groups to which a person belongs have a direct influence on what a person buys. Reference groups serve as direct (face-to-face) or indirect points of comparison or reference in forming a person’s attitudes or behavior. An

aspirational group is one to which the individual wishes to belong. Reference

groups expose a person to new behaviors and lifestyles, influence a person’s

attitudes and self-concept, and create pressures to conform that may affect the

person’s product and brand choices. Opinion leaders are also included in reference groups. The family is the most important consumer buying organization in society.

Marketers are interested in the roles and influence of each member. Social roles and status—Anna Flores plays the role of a daughter and a wife, and in her company she plays the role of a brand manager. A role consists of the activities people are

expected to perform according to the persons around them. Anna will buy the kind of clothes that reflect her role and status.

(Moderate; pp. 143-146)

仓储管理基础知识培训教程全-14页精选文档

仓储管理基础知识培训教程 第一部分物资仓储管理基础培训 一、物资仓储管理的意义和作用 在社会生产总过程中，要使必要数量的生产资料能够有计划的、迅速的、及时的得到供应而不致发生任何中断，这就必须要有一定量的储备。只是有了这种储备，流通过程从而包含流通过程在内的再生产过程的不断连续进行，才得到保证。在社会主义条件下，仓储管理还有其特殊的作用。 仓储管理是保证社会再生产过程顺利进行必不可少的条件：物资储备是社会生产本身的需要而产生的，在社会再生产过程中，由于生产和需求在客观上存在时间和空间上的不一致，因此，必须依靠物资储备手段，来调整市场余缺。特别是在现代化的大生产条件下，随着专业化程度的提高，越来越多的物资要经过各种不同形式的储备阶段。另一方面，在国民经济发展中，经常会出现供求不平衡现象，也必须依靠物资储备来进行平衡，以保证国民经济持续均衡地发展。 仓储管理是物资管理的重要组成部分：物资管理的各个环节，都同仓储管理有着密切的联系。仓储管理工作的好坏直接影响着物资管理工作的进行，因为它从实物形态上保证物资供应计划和物资流转计划的实现。 仓储管理是保存仓储物资使用价值的重要手段：在库房内存放的原材料、机电设备等，都是国家的宝贵财富，是劳动人民辛勤劳动的成果，也是发展国民经济地物质基础。要保管保养好仓储物资的使用价值，就必须采取各种有效措施，来排除和防止各种有害因素对物资的影响。这些，要通过科学的仓储管理才能实现。 加强仓储管理可以加快物资的周转速度。 二、物资仓库的种类及库房的合理布局 （一）、库房的种类：大致有四种分类，我们应该掌握的有两种： 按储存物资的类别分类：综合性仓库、专业性仓库。 按储存物资的不同保管条件分类： 1）、普通仓库，存放一般物资，对库房没有特殊要求，如绝大多数的金属材料，一般的机电产品等。 2）、保温仓库、恒温恒湿仓库、冷藏库：这些仓库是用来储存载保管条件上有特殊要求的物资，这类仓库在建筑结构上要求有隔热、防寒、密封等功能，有的还需要配备专门设备，以满足物资保管的要求。 3）、特种仓库：一般指危险品仓库，他们具有易燃、易爆、毒害、腐蚀等特性，存放这类物资的仓库，在库房建筑结构及库内装修 等方面规定由特殊要求，所以称作特殊仓库。 4）露天料场：主要用于堆放基本上不怕大气影响的物资，地面要求平整，能排除积水，地坪承受力一般在每平方米5吨以上。 5）、料棚：这种料棚储存条件优于露天料场，次于普通库房，可以遮蔽雨雪阳光，按物资采办事业部的现状，主要用于存放化工料及一些大的、笨重的，对天气有特殊要求的物资。 三、库房、料场的储存规划原则 一、分类保管规划：各库房所有货场和库房储存物资，应做统一规划。把全库分成几个储货区，每个区的货场和库房按序编号。制定物资储存规划时，应按以下原则： 1）、根据物资性能考虑储存条件。怕潮湿怕灰尘的物资，应安排在封闭式库房内进行保管；怕冻物资应储放在保温库房内；怕热物资应选择通风阴凉温度较低的库房保管；危险品应按危险特性分类存放，并做到专库专用。2）同类吴资可安排在一起保管。性质不同互有影响或性质相互抵触的物资，不可存放在一起。储存温度条件不同的物资，不应同库储存。灭火方法不同的物资，不应一起储存。 3）、各种物资进出库所需货位的换算：必须注意在平时积累资料，掌握物资周转规律，概算所储各类物资需要占用的货位，统一规划，提高仓容利用率，达到妥善安排，合理储存的目的。 规划货位统一编号：为使分类保管的物资井然有序，便于查找，还应在确定 各库房、料场储存方案后，进一步根据储存物资的外形包装和苫垫堆码方法，结合库房料场的具体情况，规划货位或固定货架的位置，然后统一编号。物资出入库时，可以按照“四号定位”存取。 规划货位。库内货位和货架的布置，一般有横列和纵列式两种。规划货位必须合理地利用仓库面积利用率，增大仓库储存能力。仓库面积利用率=有效面积/使用面积*100% 3）、货位编号：货位布置安排后应进行统一的编号。货位的编号有的采用三位数字，有的采用四位数字，采用四

chapter6-assignment

第六章 循环码的译码 习题 1．设计一个由g (x )=x 4+x 3+1生成的[15，11]循环汉明码编译码器。 2．构造由第1题的[15，11]码缩短三位的[11, 8]码译码器。 3．证明g (x )=1+x 2+x 4+x 6+x 7+x 10生成一个[21，11]循环码，作出此码的伴随式计算电路，令 R (x )=1+x 5+x 17是接收多项式，计算R (x )的伴随式，列出R (x )的每一接收数据移入伴随式计算电路后，伴随式寄存器中的内容。 4．构造GF(2)上以α、α3为根的循环码，这里α∈GF(24)中的本原元。求出该码的生成多项式 g (x )以及码长n 和k .。设计出该码的编码电路，求计算伴随式的电路。 5．构造[15，5，7]码的译码器，它的生成多项式g (x )=1+x +x 2+x 4+x 5+x 8+x 10，该码能纠正3个错 误。设用简单的捕错译码器译码。 （a ）证明所有2个错误能被捕获； （b ）能捕获所有3个错误的图样吗？若不能，则有多少种3个错误图样不能被捕获； （c ）作出该码的简单捕错译码器。 6．作出第5题中[15，5，7]码的修正捕错译码器，叙述其译码过程。 7．已知[17，9，5] QR 码的生成多项式g (x )=x 8+x 7+x 6+x 4+x 2+x +1，求出该码利用修正捕错译码的 {Q j (x )}，并作出捕错译码器，说明译码过程。 8．考虑[31，5]极长码，它的一致校验多项式是h (x )=1+x 2+x 5，求正交于x 30码元位的全部正交多 项式。画出该码的I 型和II 型大数逻辑译码器。 9．作出表6-4中的[21，11，6]码的I 型大数逻辑译码器。 10．构造p =3，d =3复数旋转码，画出编译码电路图。 11．第5题中的[15，5，7]码是一步大数逻辑可译码，画出该码的I 型或II 型大数逻辑译码器。 12．考虑[11，6]线性码，它的一致校验矩阵是 1 000111111010001101000 0100101010000100110010 000100011 1H ????????=???????? (a)证明该码的距离恰好为4。 (b)令E =（e 0，e 1，e 2，…，e 10）是错误矢量，求出以此错误矢量表示的伴随式码元。 （c ）对i =5，6，7，8，9，10，求出正交于每一消息数据e i 的全部可能的一致校验和。 （d ）该码是一步完备可正交码吗？ 13．作出[15，7，5]码的CHS2译码器，已知接收R %=（000007004400020），求发送码字。 14．作出利用CHS2算法译[17，9，5]码的软判决译码流程图。 1

文件管理操作规程

一、目的：规范质量管理体系文件的管理与控制及正确实施。 二、职责： 1.企业法人、企业负责人负责所有质量管理体系文件的批准发布； 2.质量负责人负责质量管理文件的审核； 3.质量管理部会同各部门负责人拟定质量管理体系文件； 4.各有关部门负责本部门文件的使用与保管。 三、范围：适用于与质量管理体系有关文件的管理与控制。 四、主要内容： 1、总则 质量管理体系文件是从事药品经营活动和质量保证活动的依据和准则。文件管理系统涉及到GSP各个方面，贯穿于药品经营有关的一切活动中，包括文件的起草、修订、审核、批准、分发、保管，以及修改、撤销、替换、销毁等应按照文件管理操作规程进行，并保存相关记录。 文件系统的建立与严格管理可以保证药品经营的全过程有章可循，有章必循，有据可查，最大限度地减少药品经营中的混淆和差错，确保药品经营的一切生产活动都在有效的控制之下。 2、本企业质量管理体系文件分为四类，即：

2.1质量管理规定制度类； 2.2质量管理岗位职责类； 2.3质量管理工作程序类； 2.4质量记录类。 3、修改与修订的条件:遇有以下情况时，可以修改或修订。 3.1质量管理体系需要改进时 3.2有关法律、法规修订后 3.3组织机构职能变动时； 3.4使用中发现问题时； 3.5经过GSP认证检查或内部质量体系评审后以其他需要修改的情况。 4、文件编码要求 4.1为规范内部文件管理，有效分类，便于检索，对各类文件实行统一编码管理，编码应做到格式规范，类别清晰，一文一号。 5、文件的审批 5.1 审核 5.1.1文件编制（或修订）的初稿，首先由起草部门负责人对文件进行初审，再由编（修）人根据文件内容所涉及的部门，组织以传阅或会议的形式进行会审。 5.1.2会审后，由编（修）人与会审部门对文件会审意见逐条确认并修改（如需再次会审，仍执行会审程序）后，一并交给由质量管理部审核文件形式及制定程序是否符合要求。 5.1.3文件审核定稿后，由质量负责人审核。 5.2批准 5.2.1审核通过的文件，由总经理签字批准并注明日期，签署生效日期，定稿，准予颁布，并返回质量管理部安排印制。 6、文件的印制 6.1文件经批准后，各种标准文件的复制，在公司统一复制；各种记录根据实际情况及内容由办公室送印刷厂印刷。 7、文件颁发 7.1文件由质量管理部分发，并在文件生效之日前发放。

朗文3AChapter6 练习学习资料

朗文3A C h a p t e r6练 习

3A Chapter 6 练习 笔试部分： Part1. Write the correct sentences. (连词成句，加上标点符号). 1. do/like /you/doing / what? 2. like/I/ collecting shells/. 3. don’t/ like /you/ what/doing/? 4. tide / is/ coming in/ the/ . 5. make/ a big/ let’s/ sandcastle/ . Part2：根据课文内容选词填空。 The Tams wants to the competition. They use a bucket and a spade to build a sandcastle. This is hard work. The children are . They want an ice cream. Dad gives them some , he wants an ice cream too. Dad wants to finish the ______________. The tide is coming in. When the children come back, they cannot Dad. They can only see his

on the water. They are . Because Dad cannot swim. The waves are washing the _________ away. Dad is trying to it. But it’s too late, the tide is coming in. They give Dad a towel and his ice cream. A: What ___ you doing at the beach, children? B: I like shells. A: What you like _____ at the beach? B: I don’t like on the sand. 2）根据课本Part A的对话填空。 A: chair is hard. Don’t sit it. Please sit this armchair. It’s soft. B: OK. A: marbles are smooth round. Part3：选词填空。 1. like likes He ________building sandcastles. 2. in at We get lucky money_______ Chinese New Year. 3. in on What do you like doing _____ spring? - I like going hiking. 4. is are am How much _____ the wallets, please? _ They’re 10 dollars. 5. ninth nine My birthday is on the _______ of June. 6. How much How many

Chapter 6 从句的翻译

（一）重复先行词的中文句式, 可用非限定从进行翻译 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 他把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。 Although he lacks experience, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achieving success in the area. 他虽然经验不足，但很有进取心和创造力，而这正是在这一领域获得成功的关键。 （二）省略先行词的中文句式,翻译时应补出先行词 It is he who received the letter that announced the bankruptcy of your company. 是他接到那封信，说你们公司破产了。

They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased. 他们制定出一种新方案，采用之后生产已迅速得到提高。 （三）某些状语译成定语从句 （一）译成表示“时间”的分句 A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded. 司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走神。 （二）译成表示“原因”的分句 He doesn’t want to talk with Mrs. Smith, who is very haughty and conceited now 他不愿和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在非常傲慢和自负。 （三）译成表示“条件”的分句 Men become desperate for any kind of work, which will help them to keep alive their families.

朗文3AChapter6-练习

3A Chapter 6 练习 笔试部分： Part1. Write the correct sentences. (连词成句，加上标点符号). 1. do/like /you/doing / what? 2. like/I/ collecting shells/. 3. don’t/ like /you/ what/doing/? 4. tide / is/ coming in/ the/ . 5. make/ a big/ let’s/ sandcastle/ . Part2：根据课文内容选词填空。 The Tams wants to the competition. They use a bucket and a spade to build a sandcastle. This is hard work. The children are . They want an ice cream. Dad gives them some , he wants an ice cream too. Dad wants to finish the ______________. The tide is coming in. When the children come back, they cannot Dad. They can only see his on the water. They are . Because Dad cannot swim. The waves are washing the _________ away. Dad is trying to it. But it’s too late, the tide is coming in. They give Dad a towel and his ice cream.

chapter6习题

填空题： 1逻辑文件可分为____和____两种，前者指用户对文件内的信息按逻辑上独立的信息单位来组织，后者指用户对文件内容的信息不划分独立的信息单位，整个文件由一串信息组成。 2 常用的文件物理结构有3种：____，____，和____。 3 若允许文件在中间有膨胀，则采用____结构可使开销较小。 4 文件系统的操作主要有：____，____，____，____，____，____。 5 主目录在树型目录结构中，作为树的____节点，称为____目录；数据文件作为树的____；其他所有目录均作为树的。 6 影响文件安全的主要因素有____，____，____。 7文件共享时，对文件删除了共享文件后造成的指针悬空问题可以用____方法来解决。 选择题 1 在以下文件的物理结构中，不利于文件长度动态增长的是____。 A 连续结构 B 链接结构 C 索引结构 D hash结构 2 MS-DOS文件的物理结构属于____。 A 链接结构 B 连续结构C索引结构D散列结构 3 从用户的观点看，操作系统中引入文件系统的目的是____。 A 保存用户数据 B 实现对文件的按名存取 C 实现虚拟存储 D 保存用户和系统文档及数据 4 用户在程序中试图读某文件的第100个逻辑块，使用操作系统提供的____接口。 A 系统调用 B 图形用户接口 C 原语 D 键盘命令 5 打开文件操作时的主要工作是 A 把指定文件的目录复制到内存指定的区域。 B 把指定文件复制到内存指定的区域 C 在指定文件所在的存储介质上找到指定文件的目录 D 在内存寻找指定的文件。 6 文件路径名是指： A 文件名和文件扩展名 B 一级的目录文件和该文件的文件名 C 从根目录到该文件所经历的路径中各级符号名的集合。 D 目录文件名和文件名的集合 7 在文件系统中若采用一级目录结构，存在最主要的一个问题是____。 A 目录表的大小难以确定 B 磁盘容量大时，文件检索速度太慢 C 用户使用不方便 D “重名”问题，即文件命名冲突 8 文件系统中若文件的物理结构采用连续结构，则文件控制块FCB中有关文件的物理位置的信息应包括____。I，首块地址；II，文件长度；III，索引表地址 A 只有III B I和II C II和III D I和III 9 设有一个记录式文件，采用连接文件存储，逻辑记录长度固定为100个字节，在磁盘上存储时采用记录成组分解技术，物理记录长度为512字节。如果该文件的目录项已经读入内存，要修改第22个逻辑记录共需启动磁盘____次。 A 1 B 2 C 5 D 6 判断题 1 可顺序存取的文件不一定能随机存取，但是，凡可随机存取的文件都可能顺序存取。 2 对文件进行检索时，检索的起始点必须是根目录而不是其他目录。

读书笔记-电子证据——当代机构文件管理战略

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Unit 6 Literature(1) Lesson 16(E—C) Tess of the D‘Urbervilles(1) By Thomas Hardy On an evening in the latter part of May a middle-aged man was walking homeward from Shaston to the village of Marlott, in the adjoinning Vale of Blakemore or Blackmoor. The pair of legs that carried him were rickety, and there was a bias in his gait which inclined him somewhat to the left of a straight line. He occasinally gave a smart nod, as if in confirmation of some opinion, though he was not thinking of anything in particular. An empty egg-basket was slung upon his arm, the nap of his hat was reffled, a patch being quite worn away at its brim where his thumb came in taking it off. Presently hi was met by an elderly parson astride on a gray mare, who, as he rode, hummed a wandering tune. ?Good night t‘ee,‘ said the man with the basket. ?Good night, Sir John,‘ said the parson. The pedestrian, after another pace or two, halted, and turned round. ?Now, sir, begging your pardon; we met last market-day on this road about this time, and I zaid ―Good night,‖ and you made reply ―Good night, Sir John,‖ as now.‘ ?I did,‘ said the parson. ?And once before that—near a month ago.‘ ?I may have.‘ ?Then what might your meaning be in calling me ―Sir John‖ these different times, when I be plain Jack Durbeyfield, the haggler? The parson rode a step or two nearr. ?It was only my whim,‘he said; and, after a moment‘s hesitation: ?It was on account of a discovery I made some little time ago, whilst I was hunting up pedigres for the new county history. I am Parson Tringham, the antiquary, of Stagfoot Lane. Don‘t you reaally know, Durbeyfield, that you are the lineal representative of the ancient and knightly family of the d‘Urbervilles, who dervie their descent from Sir Pagan d‘Urberville, that renowned knight who came from Normandy with William the Conqueror, as appears by Battle Abbey Roll?‘ ?Never heard it before, sir!‘ ?Well it‘s true.‘ … ?But you‘ll turn back and have a quart of beer wi‘me on the strength o‘t Pa‘son Tringham? There‘s a very pretty brew in tap at The Pure Drop—though, to be sure, not so good as at Rolliver‘s.‘ ?No, thank you—not this evening, Durbeyfield. You‘ve had enough already.‘ (from Thomas Hardy, Tess of the D‘Urbervilles, Chapter 1) 译文： 五月后半月里，有一天傍晚，一个中年男子，正打沙氏屯，朝着跟这相连的那个布蕾谷（或者布莱谷）里面的马勒村往家里走去。支着他的那两条腿老是摇摇晃晃的，他走路的姿势里，又总有一种倾斜的趋势，使他或多或少地往一条直线的左边歪。待一会儿他就轻快地把头一点，好像是对某一个意见表示赞成似的，其实他心里头可并没想什么特别的事儿。