英语语言学Chapter3

Chapter3

Ⅱ.Fill in each blank below with one word which begins with the letter given:

11. M is the smallest meaningful unit of language. (Morpheme)

12. The affix “-ish” in the word boyish conveys a g meaning.

13. B morphemes are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

14. Affixes are of two types: inflectional affixes and d affixes.

15. D affixes are added to an existing form to create words.

16. A s is added to the end of stems to modify the meaning of the original word and it may case change its part of speech.

17. C is the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.

18. The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word are called m rules.

19. In terms of morphemic analysis, d can be viewed as the addition of affixes to stems to form new words.

20. As can be a bound root, a free morpheme, or a derived form itself to which a derivational affix can be added.

21. Morphology is a branch of grammar which studies the of words and the by which words are formed.

22. Morphology can be subdivided into two branches: morphology and

or morphology.

23. The phonological and orthographical realizations of a morpheme are termed .

24. [-t]、[-d]、[-id] are of the morpheme {-ed}.

25. “Careless” is the of the word “carelessness”.

26. “Gentle” is the of the word “gentlemanliness”.

27. A morpheme can convey two kinds of meanings: meaning and

meaning.

28. affixes, ffixes, and roots are all bound morphemes.

29. Compared with a free phrase, a compound has different

features.

30. The allomorphs [-s] and [-iz] of the morpheme {plural} indicates the applications of the

rule and rule.

III. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:

21. The morpheme “vision” in the common word “television” is a(n) ______.

A. bound morpheme

B. bound form

C. inflectional morpheme

D. free morpheme

22. The compound word “bookstore” is the place where books are sold. This indicates that the meaning of a compound__________.

A. is the sum total of the meaning of its components

B. can always be worked out by looking at the meanings of morphemes

C. is the same as the meaning of a free phrase.

D. None of the above.

23. The part of speech of the compounds is generally determined by the part of speech of

__________.

A. the first element

B. the second element

C. either the first or the second element

D. both the first and the second elements

24. _______ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.

A. Free morphemes

B. Bound morphemes

C. Bound words

D. Words

25. _________ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.

A. Syntax

B. Grammar

C. Morphology

D. Morpheme

26. The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _______.

A. lexical

B. morphemic

C. grammatical

D. semantic

27. Bound morphemes are those that___________.

A. have to be used independently

B. can not be combined with other morphemes

C. can either be free or bound

D. have to be combined with other morphemes

28. _______ modify the meaning of the stem, but usually do not change the part of speech of the original word.

A. Prefixes

B. Suffixes

C. Roots

D. Affixes

29. _________ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists.

A. Words

B. Morphemes

C. Phonemes

D. Sentences

30. “-s” in the word “books” is _______.

A. a derivative affix

B. a stem

C. an inflectional affix

D. a root

31. Morphology is the study of _______.

A. the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their formation

B. the uses of different types of utterances in different contexts

C. the differences between sounds used inhuman languages and sounds in nature

D. the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the world

32. Which of the following does NOT belong to “open class words”?

A. Nouns

B. Adjectives

C. Conjunctions

D. Adverbs

33. What is the minimal unit of meaning?

A. Phoneme

B. Morpheme

C. Allophone

D. Allomorph

34. There are ______ morphemes in the word “undesirableity”.

A. three

B. four

C. five

D. six

35. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?

A. Rainbow

B. Inaction

C. Icy-cold

D. Unpleasant

36. ______ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used a separate words.

A. Roots

B. Stems

C. Affixes

D. Compounds

37. Some words in the basic word stock are said to be stable because they ______.

A. are complex words

B. are technical words

C. refer to the commonest things in life

D. denote the most important concepts

38. All the following words contain the inflectional affixes except _______.

A. cares

B. careful

C. faster

D. books

39. The word “irresistible” is _______.

A. a compound one

B. a clipped one

C. a blended one

D. a derived one

40. Which of the following is not a free morpheme?

A. bed

B. tree

C. dance

D. children

41. Which of the following affix differs from others?

A. –ly

B. –ness

C. –ing

D. –ful

42. Of the following word-formation processes,_______ is the most productive.

A. clipping

B. blending

C. initialism

D. derivation

43. Morpheme that can occur “unattached” are called ______.

A. inflectional

B. bound

C. free

D. derivational morphemes

44. The word “motherboard” is _______.

A. a clipped one

B. a blended one

C. a compound one

D. an acronym

45. The word “kung-fu” is _______.

A. a clipped one

B. a blended one

C. a compound one

D. a borrowed one

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Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Characteristics: ①language is system,elements of language are combined according to the rules;

②language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between a linguistic symbol and what it stands for, A rose by any other name would smell as well; ③language is vocal because the primary medium for all language is sound; Language is a system which consists of two structures. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds,which are meaningless by themselves.But the sounds can grouped or regrouped together into a larger numbers of units of meaning such as morpheme or words,which are found at the higher level of system(carp & park).Then the higher level can be arranged and rearranged into an infinite numbers of sentences;

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新编简明英语语言学教程何兆熊第五章笔记和习题

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