大学英语精读2

Vocabulary

1.Bare adj赤裸的

2.Impulse n. 冲动impulse on

3.Unexpected adj意外的

4.Contract v 收缩，合同

5.At a sight of 一看见

6.Appoint v 任命be appointed

7.Hesitate v 犹豫not hesitate to do sth

8.Origin n 血统，出生

9.Humble 地位低下，谦逊modest 谦虚

10.Judgment n 判断judging by

11.Existence n 存在

12.Superior adj较好的be superior to/ in

13.Besides 除….之外还有except 除….外没有

14.Apply v 申请apply to sb for

15.Mumble v 含糊的说

16.Attach to 把…联系在一起attach importance to

17.Capable 有能力，潜力做某事competent 有能力胜任某事

18.Protest v 抗议，反对

19.Prospect n 展望

20.Consist of 组成

21.Few/a few little/a little

22.Pursue v 忙于，从事

23.Conclude v 推断出

24.Encounter v 意外遇见

25.Anticipate v 预见

26.Conceit n 自负

27.In practice 在实践中

28.In advance预先，事前

29.Possess v 占有

30.Evidence n 证据

31.Accident 事故，偶然意外，不幸

Event 历史事件

Incident 事件，小事

32.dwell on 老想着

33.rise go down

34.butterflies in the stomach

35.it’s the last straw that breaks the camel’s back.

A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and major who says they haven’t.

席间，一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了激烈的讨论。年轻女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不像以前那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然。

The American does not join in the argument but watches the guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair and whispers something to him. The boy’s eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.

那个美国人没有参加这场争论，他只是注视着在座的其他客人。在他这样观察时，他发现女主人脸上显出一种奇异的表情。她两眼盯着正前方，脸部肌肉在微微抽搐，她向站在他座椅后面的印度男仆做了个手势，对他耳语了几句，男仆的眼睛睁得大大的，迅速的离开了餐室。

Judge for yourself.Jefferson refused to accept other people’s opinions without careful thought. “neither believe nor reject anything,”he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person ha rejected or believed it. Heaven has given you a mind for judging truth and error. Use it.”

自己做判断。未经过认真的思考，杰文逊绝不接受别人的意见。他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你就也去相信或拒绝它。上帝赐予你一个用来判断真理与谬误的头脑。那你就运用它吧。”

Jefferson felt that the people “may safely be trusted to hear everything true and false, and to form a correct judgment. Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

杰文逊觉得，人民“是完全可以信赖的，应该让他们听到一切真实和虚伪的东西，然后做出正确的判断。倘使让我来决定，我们是应该有一个政府而不要报纸呢还是应该有报纸而不要政府，我会毫不犹豫的选择后者。”

While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim.

在我等着进大学期间，我在一份地方报纸上看到一则广告，说是在离我住处大约十英里的伦敦某郊区，有所学校要招聘一名教师。我因为手头很拮据，同时也想做点有用的事，于是便提出了申请，但在提出申请的同时我也担心，自己一无学位，二无教学经验，得到这份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。

However, three days later arrived, asking me to go to Croydon for an interview. It proved an awkward journey: a train to Croydonstation; a ten-minute bus ride and then a walk of at least a quarter of a mile. As a result I arrived on a hot June morning too depressed to feel nervous.

然而，三天之后却来了一封信，叫我到克罗伊登去面试。这一路去那还真麻烦：先乘火车到克罗一顿车站，再乘十分钟的公共汽车，然后至少还要步行四分之一英里。结果，我在六月一个炎热的上午到了那，因为心情非常沮丧，竟感觉不到紧张了。

The school was a red brick house with big windows. The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where they struggled to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.

学校是一座装着大窗户的红砖房子，前庭院是个铺着沙砾的正方形：四个角上各有一丛冬青灌木，他们经受着从繁忙大街上吹来的尘烟，挣扎着活下去。

It was clearly the headmaster himself that open the door. He was short and fat. He had a sandy-coloured moustache, a wrinkled forehead and hardly any hair.

开门的显然是校长本人。他又矮又胖，留着沙色的小胡子，前额上布满了皱纹，头发差不多已经秃光。

As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost my wonder at the personality that was Einstein. He was the only person I knew what he wanted and he wanted only this: to understand within his limits as a human being the nature of universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning .he knew there were answers beyond his intellectual reach. But this did not frustrate him. He was content to go as far as he could.

作为一个孩子，以后又作为一个成人，我一直对爱因斯坦的个性惊叹不已。他是我认识的人中唯一能跟自己和周围世界达成妥协的人。他知道自己想要什么，而他想要的只是：在他作为一个人的能力范围之内理解宇宙的性质以及宇宙运行的逻辑和单纯。他知道很多问题的答案超出了他智力所及的范围。但这并不使他感到灰心丧气。只要在能力所及的范围取得最大的成功就使他心满意足了。

In the operating room I was equally confident. I knew I had the knowledge, the skill, theexperience to handle any surgical situation I’d ever encounter in practice. There were no more butterflies in my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest. I knew that even if the case was one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, I could handle whatever I found. I‘d sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly, of punctured lungs, of compound fractures. I had sweated over them for five years. I didn’t need to sweat any more.

在手术室里我也同样充满信心。我知道自己的只是、技术和经验足以对付我在开业行医中将会碰到的任何病例。当我切开病人的腹部或胸腔时，我不再紧张的瑟瑟发抖了。我知道，即使碰到事先无法预见其问题所在的病例，我也能处置我发现的任何情况。我战战兢兢的处理过竟在我手上的腹部刺伤，肺部穿孔以及复合型骨折等病例。这种外科手术我已经战战兢兢的干了五年，我再也不必担惊受怕了。

This all sounds conceited and I guess it is ——but a surgeon needs conceit. He needs it to encourage him in trying moments when he’s bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are part of the practice of medicine. He has to feel that he’s as good as and probably better than any other surgeon in the world. Call it conceit——call it self-confidence;whatever it was, I had it.

这些话听上去很自负，而且我以为这的确是自负----但外科医师就是需要这种自负。当他收到行医中必定会遇到的重重疑虑的煎熬时，他需要“自负”来支撑自己度过这些难受的时刻。他必须觉得，他与世上任何一位外科医生比都毫不逊色，甚至还技高一筹。你管这叫自负也好，叫自信也罢；不管你叫他什么，反正我是有了。

Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating. For instance, the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating. As 409 students filed out of their exam, they found all but one exit blocked. Proctors asked each student to produce an ID card with an attached photo. Students who said they’d left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken.The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers”, students who take tests for other students.

这个国家的大专院校已经决定不只是光谈论学生做弊的上升还要采取行动。例如，迈阿密大学的心理学系发动了一场停止做弊形成的运动。当409名学生列队离开他们的考场时，他们发现除了一个以外所有的出口都被锁住了。监考人要求每个学生出示一张附有照片的身份证。那些说将身份证留在宿舍或家里的学生被拍了面部照片。这个运动的目的是要抓那些来为别人考试的"替考人"学生。

There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. When times are hard, incidents of theft and cheating usually go up. And when times get better such incidents tend to go down.

有证据表明不诚实会时高时落。当时代是困难的时偷盗和欺骗事件会上升。当时代变得更好如此事件会趋于下降。

If you love plants, the chances are you buy them on impulse and then wonder where to put them.

If you have to go through a smoke-filled area, you’d better crawl with your head low.

Mother motioned my brother to keep his voice down but he ignored her.

If doing one thing gives you an unpleasant feeling, the normal reaction would be to stop doing it. Among these articles, which do you think are most likely to interest our students?

Long after even the latest apple tree had finally broken into leaf, the mulberry’s branches remained stubbornly bare.

These schools come under the supervision of locally appointed committees.

We should see ourselves as part of nature rather than in conflict with it.

There rows of small trees growing close together create living walls for shelter and privacy in the garden.

Don’t hesitate to let me know if there’s anything I can do for you.

During the nine months before her baby is born, her face is one perpetual smile.

Traditional Chinese food is far superior to McDonald’s and KFC or any other fast foods I know. Under this law, consumers have the right to reject faulty goods and demand a refund.

I was shocked by the conditions in the factory, which constituted definite health and safety hazards.

His bedroom consist of a single bed with a small television at its foot.

Linda is 35 years old and, after two close relationships, the prospect of staying single depresses her.

Lucy, who did not even go to grade school, had no prospect of a job at the time.

The workers in the factory stopped working in protest against their foreman using bad language.

This technique is traditionally thought to be of Chinese origin.

The rise in unemployment frustrated the government’s plants for economic recovery.

Henry seemed bewildered by this completely unexpected turn of events.

Andrew was determined to pursue a computer career after graduation.

The solution to this problem is anticipation, that is preventing it from developing by thinking ahead and taking action early.

Henry’s actually capable of telling lies, pretending to be sick when he’s healthy.

As a teacher, he think his business is to stir up curiosity in his students rather than insist on obedience.

- 右上角写日期

- 开头"Dear", "To", "To whom it concerns" = 一般给政府/比你级别高得写"等等写完名字点逗号

- 另起一行空两个格写正文

- 落款= "sincerely yours" = 给级别高的，很正式的；"yours truly" = 朋友；"love" = 亲人等等别忘了点逗号

- 偏右下角签名如果写的是正式文的话在签名下面写上print体形式你的名字

例：

May 8, 2006

To whom it concerns,

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.

Sincerely yours,

(签名)

(如果正式的话在这儿署名例：Cindy Johnson)

1、信头（Heading）

指发信人的姓名（单位名称）、地址和日期，一般写在信纸的右上角。一般公函或商业信函的信纸上都印有单位或公司的名称、地址、电话号码等，因此就只需在信头下面的右边写上写信日期就可以了。

英文地址的写法与中文完全不同，地址的名称按从小到大的顺序：第一行写门牌号码和街名；第二行写县、市、省、州、邮编、国名；然后再写日期。标点符号一般在每一行的末尾都不用，但在每一行的之间，该用的还要用，例如在写日期的时候。

日期的写法，如1997年7月30日，英文为：July 30，1997（最为普遍）；July 30th，1997；30th July，1997等。1997不可写成97。

2、信内地址（Inside Address）

在一般的社交信中，信内收信人的地址通常省略，但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上，要求与对信头的要求一样，不必再写日期。

3、称呼（Salutation）

是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方，从该行的顶格写起，在称呼后面一般用逗号（英国式），也可以用冒号（美国式）。

（1）写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时，用Dear或My dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名（这里指名字，不是姓氏）。例如：My dear father，Dear Tom等。

（2）写给公务上的信函用Dear Madam，Dear Sir或Gentleman（Gentlemen）。注意：Dear 纯属公务上往来的客气形式。Gentlemen总是以复数形式出现，前不加Dear，是Dear Sir的复数形式。

（3）写给收信人的信，也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如：Dear Prof. Tim Scales, Dear Dr.John Smith。

4、正文（Body of the Letter）

位置在下面称呼语隔一行，是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的是，正文中一般不用Hello！（你好！）

正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些，通常以五个字母为宜，每段第二行从左面顶格写起，这就是缩进式。

但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式，用齐头式，即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。

5、结束语（Complimentary Close）

在正文下面的一、二行处，从信纸的中间偏右处开始，第一个词开头要大写，句末用逗号。不同的对象，结束语的写法也不同。

（1）写给家人、亲戚，用Your loving grandfather，Lovingly yours，Lovingly等；

（2）写给熟人、朋友，用Yours cordially，Yours affectionately等；

（3）写业务信函用Truely yours（Yourstruely），Faithfully yours（Yours faithfully）等；

（4）对上级、长辈用Yours obediently（Obediently yours），Yours respectfully（Respectfully yours）等。

6、签名（Signature）

低于结束语一至二行，从信纸中间偏右的地方开始，在结束语的正下方，在签完名字的下面还要有用打字机打出的名字，以便识别。职务、职称可打在名字的下面。当然，写给亲朋好友的信，就不必再打了。

7、附言（Postscript）

一封信写完了，突然又想起遗漏的事情，这时用P.S.表示，再写上遗漏的话即可，要长话短说。通常在信末签名下面几行的左方，应于正文齐头。

注意：在正式的信函中，应避免使用附言。

January一月；February二月；March三月；April 四月；May 五月；June 六月；July 七月；August 八月；September 九月；October 十月；November 十一月；December十二月

大学英语精读第三版第二册课后答案

大学英语精读第二册（第三版）book2Unit1答案上海外语教育出版社 一） 1. bare 2. empty 3. empty 4. bare 5. empty 6.empty 二） 1. shortly 2.track down 3.faint 4.motioned 5.at the sight of 6.feel like 7.slamming 8.rang out 9.contract 10.made for 11.heated 12.emerged 三） 1. host 2. sprang up/rang out 3. impulse 4. came to 5. track down 6. unexpected 7. outgrow 8. widened 9. shortly 10. emerge / spring up 11. at the sight of 12. made for 13. crisis 14. colonial 四） 1. Jimmy has outgrown the shirts his aunt made for him a few years ago. 2. Does the doctor think the elderly lady is likely to survive the operation / it is likely that the elderly lady will survive the operation? 3. The other day your cousin paid us an unexpected visit. 4. Don't you see the nurse motioning us to be silent? 5. Her face lit up with joy at his return.

现代大学英语精读3_第二版_unit1、2课文翻译

Unit 1 Your college years 1你可曾考虑过作为一个大学生你生活中正在发生和即将发生的变化？你可曾想到过大学时代教授们以及其他教职工为了你的成长和发展制定了目标？你可曾注意过你在从青少年渐渐成人的过程中会发生某些变化？尽管大学生很少想这些，但是在大学生时代很可能会发生一些主要的变化。 2在这段时期，学生们正经受自我认同危机，他们努力要了解自己的身份，掌握自身的优缺点。当然，优缺点他们兼而有之，且两者都为数不少。重要的是人们如何看待自己，其他人又如何看待他们。皮尔斯和兰多曾在一篇文章中探讨了爱立信在《国际社会百科全书》中有关理论，根据他们的观点，性格特征是由先天基因（即父母的遗传物质）所决定，由外部环境而形成，并受偶然事件的影响的。人们受环境的影响，反过来也影响他们的环境。人们如何看待自己扮演的这两个角色无疑正是他们性格特征的部分表现。 3学生们经历自我认同危机的时候，他们也开始渐渐独立，但是可能仍然非常依赖父母。这种介于独立与依赖之间的冲突常常发生在青少年末期。事实上，这种冲突很可能因为他们选择继续接受大学教育而愈发激烈。高中一毕业，一些学生便会立即走入社会开始工作。这种选择的结果就是他们可能他们在经济上获得独立。但是大学生已经选择了用几年的时间继续掌握新知并且发展自我，因此他们在一定程度上还要依赖父母。 41984年4月杰利弗·A·霍夫曼在《心理咨询杂志》上发表了《即将成人的青年与父母的心理距离》，文章中他提及了人与父母产生心理距离的四个不同方面。第一，独立处理日常生活的能力，它包括个人独立处理实际事物和自身事务的能力，如理财的能力、选购服装的能力和决定每天工作日程的能力。第二，态度独立，即个人学会正确看待和接受自己与父母的态度、价值和信仰上的差异。第三个心理分离过程是情感独立，霍夫曼将这一过程定义为“摆脱父母的认可、亲近、陪伴和情感支持的过分依赖”。例如，大学生们会随自己所愿自由选择专业，而且并不认为必须征得父母的认同。第四是摆脱“对父母的过度内疚、焦虑、疑惑、责任、反感和愤怒的心理”。大学生们需要退一步看清自己在介于独立与依赖之间的冲突中所处的位置。 5可能大学生们面临的最紧张的问题之一就是构建自己的性别特征，这包括与异性之间的关系和对未来自身男性或女性角色的设计。每个人必须将其性格特征定义为男性或女性角色。这一过程中兴奋与受挫并存。也许没有什么比恋爱更能让学生们情绪低落或高涨的。例如，我曾经和一位年轻的大学生共事，一次他欢呼雀跃的进了我的办公室，面带笑容，声音激动。年轻人宣布：“我刚度过了人生中最灿烂的一天。”他继续解释他是如何与一位超凡脱俗的女子相遇的，而且这份浪漫的爱情与他梦中所期待的完全一致。而不倒一个星期，同一个年轻人却拖着脚步神情沮丧的进了我的办公室。他在同一张椅子上坐下来，深深地叹了口气，宣布说：“我经历了人生中最糟糕的一天。”他和那个年轻女子刚刚吵过架，两人的关系不再看好。因而，大学生们与异性交往的方式对他们的情感必定有所影响。 6于此同时，这些刚刚成年的大学生也在学习如何在成年人的世界里奉献和收获情感。在这一角度上，成长不仅要处理与异性之间的关系，还要处理与两性及所有年龄段的朋友之间的关系。随着他们渐渐成人，他们与异性交往的方式也在发生变化。这时作为成年人他们应该思索如何与同龄人和睦相处并有礼有节，如何与他们生活中的青少年儿童和睦相处，如何与他们的父母和睦相处并表达自己的感情。举个我在西南浸礼教会学院读研究生时的例子，当我刚刚修完一门咨询课程后，我去探望父母。在学习这门课的过程中我渐渐意识到，当我的世界不断扩展，新的机遇不断出现时，我的父亲，一个年过花甲之人，正在亲眼目睹自己的世界在变小，选择在变少。在家的那些日子里，我和父亲几次谈心，共同探讨了我课程的内容以及它如何应用到我的生活中。我发觉自己正以一种不同的方式看待父亲，并且把他看作一个我可以鼓励的朋友。我有意识的去鼓励这个从前鼓励过我的人。我在以一种不同的方式与父亲交流。 7大学生的另一个变化就是内化他们的宗教信仰、价值尺度和道德观念。从出生开始，就有一位或更多的父母成为他们的榜样，教给他们特定的信仰、价值和道德。然而，当他们到了青春期，这些问题却遭到了质疑，在一些情况下甚至遭到了反叛。现在他们刚刚成年，他们有机会为自己决定人生中将会如何选择何种信仰、价值和道德。60年代末，一位生活在极度歧视其他种族的环境中的年轻女子深信自己种族的

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I.Warm-up A. Mountaineer's Essentials ●AT LEAST ONE COMPLETE CHANGE OF CLOTHING including extra for such contingencies as rain & cold weather. ●EXTRA FOOD. Include extra rations in your minimum. This is your insurance policy in case something goes really wrong. ●SUNGLASSES. Every time you set out for a strange area it's good to have a pair along.If you are planning on desert, alpine or winter camping, it's a rare occasion that you will not need them. Even Eskimos worry about snow blindness. ● A KNIFE. A substantial pocket-knife is the order of the day. A good Swiss army knife is excellent or a Buck for bigger job. ●FIRE STARTERS; jelly, ribbon, tablets or impregnated peat bricks. There are emergencies where a fire is both necessary and difficult to start. Every kit MUST include a supply of starters of one kind or another. ●EMERGENCY MATCHES. Fire starters alone don't a fire make. You need matches. Long wooden ones are best & soaked in wax to make them weather proof and keep them in a waterproof container. ● A FIRST AID KIT. ● A FLASHLIGHT. Everyone should carry his own and add extra batteries & bulbs just in case. ●MAPS. You should have a map when going to all but the most familiar places. It's not only a safety factor but can add a lot of enjoyment to your trip, helping you to find the best spots and sights. ● A GOOD QUALITY COMPASS even two might help in case the first one goes berserk. ● A SPACE BLANKET.Today it's an invaluable safety precaution. Weighing only 2 ounces it opens up to a full 56"X84". It reflects up to 90% of a sleeper's body heat while at the same time keeping out rain, rain and snow. B. What Causes Altitude Illnesses? ●At sea level: The concentration of oxygen: about 21% The barometric pressure: averages 760 mmHg. ●As altitude increases, the concentration remains the same but the number of oxygen molecules per breath is reduced. ●At 12,000 feet (3,658 meters) the barometric pressure is only 483 mmHg, so there are roughly 40% fewer oxygen molecules per breath. C.How to prevent Altitude Illnesses? ●If possible, don't fly or drive to high altitude. Start below 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) and walk up. ●If you do fly or drive, do not over-exert yourself or move higher for the first 24 hours. ●If you go above 10,000 feet (3,048 meters), only increase your altitude by 1,000 feet (305 meters) per day and for every 3,000 feet (915 meters) of elevation gained, take a rest day. ●Eat a high carbohydrate diet (more than 70% of your calories from carbohydrates) while at altitude.