【最新整理】八年级英语寒假讲义初二语法班

The First to The Second Class

Part 1 Grammar

句子成分

一．句子成分的定义：组成一个句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。

二．分类包括：主语、谓语（宾语、表语）、以及用于修饰句中名词和代词的定语、修饰句中动词、形容词和副词的状语。主语和谓语构成句子的骨架，而定语和状语则是

修饰骨架的血肉，是修饰语。句子成分主要由实词担任。实词包括：名次、动词、

代词、形容词、副词和数词。虚词在句中只起连接、限定或表达喜怒哀乐感情等作

用，不做句子成分。虚词包括：介词、连词、冠词和感叹词等。

（一）主语：主语相当于句子的话题或主题，即要说明的人或物。主语一般位于句首，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句，倒装句，祈使句，感叹句，

there be结构中等，句子主语也可以位于谓语动词之后或省略。能用来做主语的有：名词、代词、数词、动名词或动名词短语、动词不定式或动词不定式短语、主语

从句等。

1.名词作主语，名词是表示人，事物或抽象概念的名词，它是英语中最重要的词类

之一。充当句子的主语是名词的主要功能之一。

These books are Lucy’s.

The students asked me many questions.

2.代词作主语

We all like music.

This is not my book. Mine is over there.

This is a map of China and that is the map of the world.

Why are you so sad?

Everyone is here. Let’s go.

It is important to learn English well.

3.动名词作主语

Smoking is bad for us.

Dancing is my favorite.

4.数词作主语

Eight is a lucky number.

The first is mine and the second is hers.

5.动词不定式作主语

To master a foreign language is important.

To be a teacher is my dream.

6.名词化的形容词作主语

The old need more help.

The injured are in the hospital.

7.从句作主语

That he forget to tell me the time caused lots of troubles.

Whether we can hold the meeting depends on the weather.

What you said is important for me.

8.介词短语作主语

From 8:30 a.m to 5:30 p.m is our office time.

总之：主语是以名词性的短语来充当。

练习：指出下列句子的主语。

1. Swimming is good for us.

2. It’s a pity that he has made such a mistake.

3. The fourth of the earth is water.

4. Kobe is a well-known basketball player.

5. Both of us are students.

6. To read in the sun is bad for your eyes.

7. Whether they will agree to the plan doesn’t matter too much.

8. Staying at home on Sunday is boring.

9. Four is an unlucky number.

10. It is important for me to get up early.

（二）谓语：说明或描述主语的动作，状态或者特征的句子成分，即说明主语做什么，怎么样。由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。简单谓语:由动词或动词词组

组成

1. I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

2. He looked after two orphans.

3. Mother bought me a VCR.

4. The weather is very nice today.

复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;

5. He can speak English well.

to like dancing

6. She d oesn’t seem

7. We have finished our work already.

练习：指出下列句子的谓语。

1. I don’t like the picture on the wall.

2. The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

3. Do you usually go to school by bus?

4. There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

5. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

6. Tom didn’t do his homework yesterday.

7. What he said is this.

8. He is interested in music.

9. Whom did you give my book to?

10. She is dancing on the playground.

（三）宾语：指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词之后。宾语是动作的承受着。注意及物动词直接加宾语，不

及物动词加介词再加宾语。(动宾介宾)

1. Show your passport, please.

2. She didn't say anything.

3. How many do you want? - I want two.

4. They sent the injured to hospital.

5. They asked to see my passport.

6. I enjoy working with you.

7. Did you write down what he said?

?宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.

?He gave m e some books.

练习：指出下列句子的宾语。

1. I like apples.

2. My favorite actor is Jay Zhou.

3. My brother hasn’t done his homework.

4. People all over the world speak English.

5. You must pay good attention to your handwriting.

6. The old man sitting at the gate is my father.

7. They made him monitor of the class.

know who “Father Christmas” really is.

8. They didn’ｔ

9. Go across the bridge and you will see the museum on your left.

10. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

（四）表语：表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后。在系动词后的部分就是表

语。

1.The war was o ver.

2.They seem t o know the truth.

3.Time is precious.

4.I’m not quite myself today.

5.That remains a puzzle.

6.I don’t feel at ease.

练习：指出下列句子的表语

1.The weather is cold.

2.Our English teacher is an American.

3.My hobby is playing basketball.

4.The old man was feeling very tired.

5.The leaves have turned yellow.

6.That sounds good.

7.The weather gets hotter and hotter.

8.It smells terrible.

like it.

9.The problem is that we d on’ｔ

10.Soon they will become interested in the subjects.

（五）定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句。作丁宇的主要是形容词，名词，代词，数词，介词短语，动词不定式。

1. He is a clever boy.

2. His father works in a steel work.

3. There are 54students in our class.

s sister?

4. Do you known betty’

5. He bought some sleeping pills.

6. There is a s leeping baby in bed.

7. His spoken language is good.

8. Would you like something to eat?

9. The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

10. I have something important to tell you.

练习：指出下列句子的表语

1. She is reading an interesting book.

2. What’s your given name?

3. On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

4. She is a woman doctor.

5. You’d better not go out on such a cold day.

6. I am waiting for the sound of the other side.

7. The pen she bought is made in China.

8. There are two pear trees in my garden.

9. She has only a room to live in.

10. She likes the boy who doesn’t like her.

（六）状语：修饰动词，形容词，副词或者整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫

状语。主要由副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词充当。表示时间，地点，程度，目的，

方式，比较，让步，条件，原因，结果，伴随等。

1.副词最常用作状语，位置比较活泼，可位于句首，句中，句末。

He speaks language badly but reads it well.

Naturally we expect the guests to lock their doors.

2. I often get up at 5:30 in the morning.(时间状语）

3. Pandas only lived in China before.(地点状语）

4. I have quite a lot of work to do.(程度状语）

5. We will go to the beach for a picnic.(目的状语）

6. We usually go to school on foot.(方式状语）、

7. Although she is rich, she is unhappy.(让步状语）

8. If you do not study hard, you will fall behind the others.(条件状语）

9. Your watch is not the same as mine.(比较状语）

原因状语）

10. We didn't go to the park because of the bad weather.(

11. The wind is so strong that we could hardly move forward.(结果状语）

12. The doctor hurried off, with medicine under his arm.(伴随状语）

通常情况下，主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词做状语放在句末。句子的成分分布如下：

（定语）主语（状语）谓语（定语）宾语（状语）

练习：指出下列句子的状语

1.There was a big smile on her face.

2.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

3.He began to learn English when he was eleven.

4.The man on the motorbike was traveling to fast.

5.With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

6.She loves the library because she loves books.

7.I am afraid that if you have lost it you have to pay for it.

8.The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

（七）同位语:对名词或代词做进一步说明或强调，在语法上与该词处于相同地位的成分叫

做同位语。通常由名词，数词，代词或者从句构成。

God! She fell in love with him, a lady boy.(名词作同位语）

They three have already arrived.( 数词做同位语）

We each will have a sack.(代词作同位语）、

Those who haven't finished the work will have to overwork.(从句做同位语）

（八）补语：对宾语进行进一步的说明和补充，如此才能使句子完整。这个对宾语的补充

说明叫做宾语补足语。当句子变成了被动语态，它就转变成了主语补足语。补语通常由形

容词，副词，介词短语，现在分词，过去分词，不定式，动名词构成。

Kevin made the room clean.(形容词作宾语补足语）

The room was made clean.(形容词作主语补足语）

We saw him going to the night club.(现在分词作宾语补足语）

He was going to the night club.(现在分词作主语补足语）

Part 2 Exercise

一．用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：

I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.

二．用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）：

Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very

— too much happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat

in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.

三．指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：

1.Whether we’ll go

depend on the weather .

are going up steadily .

2. People’s standards of living

3. That was how they were defeated.

4.The nursery takes good care of our children .

to you tomorrow .

5.I’ll return the book

6.We are sure that we shall succeed .

7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .

8.There are many film that I’d like to see.

9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?

10.I have a lot of work to do .

11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .

12.I said it in fun .

13.We can send a car over to fetch you .

14.She had to work standing up .

15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .

16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .

17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .

18.We should serve the people heart and soul.

19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .

20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .

21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .

22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .

23.It was in the library that I come today .

24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .

25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.

四．阅读题

（A）

Mark Twain, the famous American writer was traveling in France. He went by train to

Dijon, a small town. He was very tired and wanted to sleep. He asked the conductor(列车员) to

wake him up when the train came to Dijon.

I may not be happy when you

But first he said to the conductor, “ I am a heavy sleeper.

wake me up. I may even shout at you .But don’t mind. Just put me off the train at Dijon

anyway.”

Then Mark Twain went to sleep. Later, when he woke up, it was night and the train was in

Paris! He was so angry that he ran up to the conductor and shouted at him. “I am never so in all my life.” Mark Twain said. The conductor looked at him and said with a smile, “not as angry as the American that I put off the t rain at Dijon.”

( ) 51. Mark Twain was traveling to _______.

A. Paris

B. Dijon

C. Hawaii

D. Beijing

( ) 52. Mark Twain was so ______ that he wanted to sleep on the train.

A. angry

B. early

C. tired

D. happy

( ) 53. He asked the conductor ______.

A. to wake him up at Dijon

B. to wake him up at Paris

C. to shout at him at Dijon

D. to put him off at Paris

( ) 54. The conductor _____ at Dijon.

A. woke up Mark Twain

B. woke up an Englishman

C. put off another American

D. put off Mark Twain

( ) 55. Mark Twain was so _____ that he ran up to shout at the conductor.

A. tired

B. happy

C. worried

D. angry

(B )

Mr. Brown is one of my friends. He can run fast and likes to show people how fast he

can run. One day, a thief got into his house, took some of his things and ran out of the house

fast .Mr. Brown found it and run after him, and shouted, “Hey! Don’t you know you can not get

away from me?”

But the thief ran much faster Mr. Brown got angry and ran faster, too. He was soon a few

kilometers away from his house; he was running hard when he met me. “Why are you running so fast?” I asked “I want to catch a thief.” said Mr. Brown. “But where is the thief?

“ Kilometers and kilometers behind ,” said Mr. Brown proudly , “ He thought he could run fa than me , but you see he is wrong .”

( )56. Did the thief steal ( 偷) anything from Brown’s house

C .Yes ,he did

D . No , he didn’t .

A .Yes, he was . B. No, he wasn’t

( )57. Who ran faster？Mr Brown or the thief？

A , Yes , Mr Brown

B . No , the thief .

C . Mr Brown D. the thief

( )58. Did Mr Brown catch the thief?

A .Yes

B .No. but his friend did .

C .Yes , but he let him go away

D . No , he didn’t .

( )59. What did Mr Brown do when he found the thief ?

A . He run after him .

B . He was angry with him .

C . He caught him

D He stayed far behind him

( )60. What does the world “ proudly” mean ? It means

A . 自豪地

B . 难过地

C .兴奋地

D .不慌不忙的

(C)

Hector works in a clothes store. The store is kind of far from his home and he usually gets to work by bike. In fact, he goes almost everywhere by bike. Do you know why? His feet aren

good. His left foot is much bigger than his right foot. It makes it difficult for him to buy right(合适的) shoes.

One day, his bike was broken(坏的). He had to walk to the store. When he arrived, it was nine-thirty. His boss(老板) Mr Dean was very angry because he was an hour late.

“Why are you so late today?” asked Mr Dean.

“I’m sorry, but my bike is broken and I have to walk. You know, my right shoe is too big for me...” said Hector.

“Why not buy two pairs of shoes in different sizes. Thus you can get the right shoes for you. Dean said.

“I know. But it’s too ugly.” said Hector.

根据短文内容，判断下列句子的正(T)误(F)。

（）71. Usually Hector rides a bicycle to the clothes store.

（）72. It’s difficult for Hector to buy right shoes because his feet are too small.

（）73. From the passage we can know the store opens at eight-thirty.

（）74. Mr Dean asks Hector to buy two pairs of shoes. In this way, when a pair is worn out(不能再穿的), he can wear the other pair.

（）75. Hector isn’t clever; he didn’t think of buying two pairs of shoes before.

The Third Class

Part One 英语五种基本句型

英语的七种基本成分：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）构成了英语句子的五基本结构。

掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）

二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）

三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）

四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）

主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！

谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动

词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫

做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词）

1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢？

6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表）

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加

上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫

做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻

系动词：

1）状态系动词（be动词） e.g.: He is a teacher. （is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand e.g: He always kept silent at meeting.

他开会时总保持沉默。

3）表像系动词seem, appear, look, e.g.: He looks tired. 他看起来很累。

4）感官系动词feel, smell, sound, taste e.g.: This kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

5）变化系动词become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. e.g.: He became mad after that.

自那之后，他疯了。

6）终止系动词prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意 e.g.: The rumor proved false.

这谣言证实有假。

注意：系动词没有被动语态。

Ｓ│Ｖ（是系动词）│Ｐ

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。

2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮

6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。

8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

There be 结构：There be 表示‘存在，有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there 那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’而不是主系表结构。

基本句型三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）

此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达

完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物

动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代

词宾格’，如：me，him，them等

Ｓ│Ｖ（及物动词）│Ｏ

1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？

2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。

4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

八年级下册英语语法知识点

1、Smell的用法smell作系动词后面跟形容词作表语例子：The milk in the a bit sour.瓶里的牛奶闻起来有点酸 2、What引导感叹句句型：what[a/an]+形容词+名词/名词性短语+主语+谓语 3、you like....?Would like意为想要可以直接跟宾语Would you like....?意为：你想要.....吗？回答为yes.../no... 例子：Would you like some noodles? 4、Try的用法作名词意为：努力，尝试。常用短语have a try：试试看try还可以做动词意为：尝试，努力。常用结构：try doing sth(尽力去做某事）/try to do sth（尝试去做某事） 5、Hear from sb的用法意为：收到某人的来信相当于get/receive a letter form sb. 注意：hear from的宾语是人，而get与receive的宾语是事物 6、Can’t wait to do sth.的用法Can’t wait to do sth意为：迫不及待做某事列子：Summer holiday is coming.Children can’t wait to go back home. 暑假快到了，孩子们都迫不及待地回家了。 7、With 具有；带有(1)with作介词，意为：具有；带有列子：I dream of a big house with a nice garden 我梦想拥有一个带花园的大房子(2)with+宾语+宾语补足语表示方式或伴随情况。宾语补足语由形容词、分词或介词短语来充当。列子：He left the room with the door open 他没关门就离开了房间。 8、Spend的用法(1) spend time ／money on sth.在……上花费时间(金钱). 例子：I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时.(2) spend time ／money (in) doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事. 例子：They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间.(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…….(某物) 例子：His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了. 9、Be proud of..... 意为为...而感到骄傲无论什么情况都不用主格，因为是做介词of 的宾语，只能用宾格。如果主语和of后的词指代的是同一个人，就可以用反身代词，如：I'm proud of myself. You are proud of yourself. He is proud of himself. 如果主语和of 后的词指代的不是同一个人，不可用反身代词。如：I'm proud of you. You are proud of him. 感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel look smell sound taste。作为系动词这些词本身含有词义，但不能单独作为谓语，后面必须跟形容词构成表系结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等 10、What do/does sb.look like的用法What do/does sb.look like? 某人长什么样? 常用来形容外貌拓展：what is/are sb. Like?的用法what is/are sb. Like?意为某人怎么样？常用来形容性格 11、Close的用法close意为靠近；接近（1）close可作为副词列子：We sat close together.我们紧挨着坐在一起（2）close作形容词表示空间、时间上的接近相当于never。句型；be close to 意为：离....很近（3）close可作为动词意为：关闭反义词：open 12、While的用法while意为：当....的时候(1)while作连词引导时间状语从句，强调句中的动作与主句中的动作同时发生，但持续时间较长或主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生。(2)while还可以用来表示对比，连接两个并列句子，对比某两件事物。 13、When的用法when引导的时间状语从句when意为：当(在)......的时候既可以连接一个时间点，又可以连接一个时间段。When引导的从句中的谓语多用终止性(瞬间)动词，主从句的动作可以同时发生也可以有先后顺序发生。列子：When I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. 当我回家时，我发现妈妈正在为我做饭。

初中英语语法专题精讲及标准答案

育才助教中心内部资料初中英语专题训练题 专题一:词汇部分（名词、数词、冠词） A：名词专项 可修饰名词的常用词： 1) 修饰可数名词与不可数名词：some, ａｎy, a lot ｏｆ，ｌoｔs ｏf，ｐｌenｔy of ２)饰可数名词的有：ｍanｙ, (a）few, a large (greaｔ) nuｍber ｏf ３)只修饰不可数名词的有:ｍuｃh，（a）little, ａgreａt dｅal ｏf 2、难点 1）名词所有格的归纳 1、ａ studｅｎt's room, ｓtudents' rooｍs， father'ｓsｈoｅs。2、Chiｌdren's Ｄay 3、ａ fｒiend of ｍy father＇s 4、a ｔｗenty minutes' ｗａｌｋ，ten mｉlｅｓ' ｊouｒnｅy，a boat'ｓｌｅngth，two pounds' weigｈt， ten ｄoｌｌars＇ ｗorth。 (说明：表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用＇s)５、ａ mａｐｏｆ Chinａ,tｈｅｅnd ｏf ｔhis term,tｈｅ cａpitａl oｆour cｏuntrｙ, thｅcolｏr ｏf the ｆlｏｗeｒｓ。 （说明：无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构） 6、Li Leｉ and Ｗａng Fｅi's bedroom, an hoｕr and a haｌｆ＇ｓ taｌk （说明:表示两个名词共有一样东西时，在第二个名词后面加'ｓ） 7、Ｊim's aｎd Petｅr'ｓ dｅsｋs; Ｊoe's and Ｄavid＇s boｏks （说明：表示两个名词各有的东西时，在各个名词后都加's。) ２)名词词语辨析 区别部分名词词语辨析： I.voicｅ, noise, sounｄ, muｓiｃ II.ｈｏme, hoｕse, family，counｔry III.place , flｏor，roｏm , ｇrｏuｎd IＶ.?ｗork, jｏb 3、易错点 1)Ｈelp yoｕrseｌf tｏ ________＿. A. some ｃhiｃkeｎｓ?B． a ｃhickeｎ?Ｃ. sｏmｅcｈiｃken.D?any ｃhｉcken 答案: Ｃ（选择A的同学要注意cｈickeｎ当鸡肉讲时不可数)

人教版八年级下册英语知识点总结

英语知识点 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 一、重点短语 1. have a fever 发烧 2. have a cough 咳嗽 3. have a toothache 牙疼 4. talk too much 说得太多 5. drink enough water喝足够的水 6. have a cold 受凉;感冒 7. have a stomachache 胃疼 8. have a sore back 背疼 9. have a sore throat 喉咙痛10. lie down and rest 躺下来休息11. hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶12. see a dentist 看牙医13. get an X-ray 拍X 光片14. take one’ s temperature 量体温15. put some medicine on sth. 在……上面敷药16. feel very hot 感到很热17. sound like 听起来像18. all weekend 整个周末19. in the same way ? 以同样的方式20. go to a doctor 看医生21. go along 沿着……走22. on the side of the road 在马路边23. shout for help 大声呼救24. without th inking twice 没有多想25. get off 下车26. have a heart problem 有心脏病27. to one’ s surprise 使....... [京讶的28. thanks to 多亏了；由于29. in time 及时30. save a life 挽救生命31. get into trouble 造成麻烦32. right away 立刻；马上33. because of 由于34. get out of 离开;从……出萍35. hurt oneself 受伤36. put a bandage on sth. 用绷带包扎37. fa ll down 摔倒38. feel sick 感到恶心39. have a nosebleed 流鼻血40. cut his knee 割伤他的膝盖42. have problems breathing 呼吸困难43. mountain climbing 登山运动44. be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事45. run out (of) 用完;用尽46. so that 以便47. so. . . that 如此……以至于…48. be in control of 掌管;管理49. in a d iffic u lt situation 在闲境屮50. keep on doing sth. 继续或坚持做某事51. make a decision 做出决定52. take risks 冒险53. give up 放弃 二、重点句型 1. What’ s the matter? What’ s the matter with you? = What’s the trouble with you? = What’ s wrong with you?你怎么了 2. W hat should she do?她该怎么办呢？ Should I take my temperature?我应该量一下体温吗？主语+ should/shouldn’t + 动词原形. ..①You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息一会儿。② You shouldn’ t go out at night. 你晚上不应该出去。 3. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or abook? 你认为它是来自报纸还是书呢？ 4. I think I sat in the same way for too long withoutmoving. 我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。 5. She said that the man had a heart problem andshould go to the hospital Unit 2 I ’ll help to clean up the city parks. 一、重点短语 1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日 2. an old people’s home 养老院 3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难 4. used to 曾经……；过去_ 5. care for 关心;照顾 6. the look of joy 快乐的表情 7. at the age of 在......岁时8clean up 打扫(或清除)干净9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀10. give out 分发;散发11. come up w ith 想出；提出12. make a plan 制订计

初二下册英语语法

初二年级下学期语法总结 一．一般将来时 表示一般将来时在八年级中我们已经学习了以下几种表现形式：1．用现在进行时表将来时（表示按计划安排要发生的事件。）What are you doing this weekend? I’m playing soccer with Jim. Are you visiting the aquarium tomorrow? Yes, we are. 2．用be going to do表将来时（表示明确的打算或用来表示必然，很可能发生的事或自然现象。） It is going to rain this afternoon. We’re going to have a new subject this year. 3．用will do表示将来时（表示单纯的将来概念或表示“意愿”。） I will see you tomorrow. Will you please open the door? 二．交际用语——寻求/提出建议 Ask for advice 寻求建议 （1）What shall I do? （2）Can you help me?/Can you give me a hand? （3）What should he do? （4）Could you give me some advice?(a piece of advice, some pieces of advice)

Give suggestions 提出建议 （1）You should say you are sorry. （2）You could write him a letter. （3）They shouldn’t argue. （4）Maybe you should call him up. （5）I think Evin should tell her friend to get different clothes. （6）Why don’t you tell him the truth? （7）Why not borrow one? （8）Let’s go shopping. （9）Shall we play soccer? （10）How about /What about seeing a movie? （11）You’d better not go out now. （12）It’s best to wear warm clothes. 三、语法点拨—过去进行时的用法 1．过去进行时的构成：动词be的过去式was /were＋动词的现在分词构成。 （1）过去进行时的否定式是在动词be后加not构成。例如：He wasn’t watching TV when his mother came back. 妈妈回来的时候他没在看电视。 We weren’t playing basketball when he arrived. 他到的时候我们没有打篮球。

初二英语语法知识点总结

初二英语语法知识点总结 英语是世界上普遍使用的语言,下面是由学习啦小编分享的初二英语语法知识点总结，希望对你有用。 初二英语语法知识点总结：重点短语 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先，第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室 23. at the head of……在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢，抛散

26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as…一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地，反复地 38. wake up 醒来，叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动 42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事 43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立，单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多 48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来，取回

人教版八年级下册英语英语语法知识点精讲+练习

新目标八年级下册英语语法知识点精讲+练习 师院附中李忠海 （一）一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? ★★练一练★★ 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight）

人教版八年级下册英语复习资料

八年级下册知识要点 Unit 1 What’s the matter 一、重点词组 1. 感冒have/catch/get a cold= have the flu 2. 胃痛have a stomachache 3. 发烧have a fever 4. 头痛have a headache 5. 躺下(休息)lie down (and rest) 6. 量体温take one’s temperature 7. 下车get off 上车get on 8. 使…惊奇的是to one’s surprise 9. 立刻，马上right away= at once 10. 陷入，参与get into 11. 冒险take risks(take a risk) 12. 习惯于做某事be/ get used to doing sth. 13. 用完，耗尽run out of= use up 14. 切除cut off 15. 作出决定make decisions(make a decision) 16. 离开，从…出来get out of 17. 掌控，掌管be in control of 18. 放弃give up 19. 休息take/ have brakes(take/ have a brake) =take/have rests(take/have a rest) 20. 拍片get/ take an X-ray 21. 幸亏，由于thanks to 22. 及时in time 23. 摔倒，跌倒fall down 24. 登山mountain climbing(n.词组) climb the mountain(v.词组) 二、词形转换 1. head (n)头----(n)headache头疼 2. stomach (n)胃,肚子----(n)stomachache胃疼 3. tooth (n)牙齿----(n)toothache牙疼 4. she她---(反身代词)herself她自己 5. we 我们----(反身代词)ourselves 6. climb (v)爬----(n)climber登山者 7. knife (n)小刀-----(pl.)knives 8. foot (n)脚，足----(pl)feet 9. decide (v)决定----(n)decision决定10. mean (v)意思是,打算----(n)meaning 11. die (v)死----(n)death 死亡12. important (adj)重要的----(n)importance重要性

初二英语语法学习归纳

初二英语语法大全 一. 知识点： 一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do （动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法： 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下： 一般疑问句构成： （1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? （2）there be 结构的一般疑问句：Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won?t 否定句构成：will + not （won’t）+do Sarah won?t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成： 特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句，用will改写下列各句 例：I don’t feel well today. （be better tomorrow） I?ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. （have a lot of homework tonight） _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. （sleep later） _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. （buy one soon） _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. （leave a little later） _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. （be better tomorrow） _____________________________ 答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I?ll sleep later. 3. They?ll buy one soon. 4. We?ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it?ll be better tomorrow. （二）should的用法： should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如：I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

八年级英语语法归纳整理

八年级英语语法归纳整理(下册) Topic1 一. 重点词汇 ( 一 ) 词形转换: 1.discuss(名词) discussion 2.queen(对应词) king https://www.wendangku.net/doc/d011961494.html,fortable(名词) comfort 4.safely (形容词) safe (名词) safety ( 二 ) 词的辨析 1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on 3. other /else 4. raise /rise 5.each /every 6.exciting / excited (三)重点词组: 1.go on a visit to 去……旅行 2. make the decision 做决定 3.bring back 带回 4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行 5.decide on (upon) sth 对某事做出决定 6 see the sunrise 看日出 7. make a reservation 预订 8. come up with 想出(主意) 9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望 10. pay for 支付;赔偿 11. raise money 筹钱 12. book a ticket 订票 13. make a room for sb 为……订房间 14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快 15. in the daytime 在白天 16. a two-day visit 为期两天的旅行 17.find out 查出

【强烈推荐】初二英语语法全套讲解

初二英语语法真题讲义 主讲：王川 欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材 第二部分历届试题精选 Unit 1 1. jack, good boy! Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspaper. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2.This morning I had ________ egg and a bottle of milk for my breakfast. A. an B. a C. the D.不填 冠词 不定冠词

零冠词 3. —How many ________ can you see in the following pictures? —Three. A. boys B. animals C. films D. buildings 4. Timmy goes to school ________ every day. It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school. A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat 5. Everything is ________ at night markets. You don't need a lot of money to have a good time. A. cheap B. bad C. tired D. dear 6. —Excuse me, ________ is the nearest bookshop? —Go down the street and turn left at the second corner. A. how B. what C. where D. who 7. The sign tells us ________. A. NO SMOKING B. NO PARKING C. NO PHOTOS D. NO FOOD 8. —Can you play football? —Yes, I can, ________ I can't play it very well. 转折关系 A. or B. and C. so D. but 9. Last month, students had to have their lessons by internet ________ because of SARS. A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital 10. It is ________ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A .the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter 最高级要加the，由于hot为重读闭音节所以要双写t加est。 11. Listen! Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let's join them! A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked 出现listen,look等词，优先考虑使用进行时态。 12. ________ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.

人教版英语八年级下册unit1单元讲义(无答案)

人教版英语八年级下册 Unit 1 What’s the matter? 第一部分：重点语法讲解： 1. Should 用法：should 是情态动词词，意思是“应该，应当”表示劝告，建议或命令。没有人称和数的变化形式，后面接动词原形。 (1)You should drink much water. (2)否定句: You should not drink much water. (3)—It’s cold outside. Should I close the window? —Yes, you should. No, you should not. 2. 我们学到的用英语提建议的句型还有： (1) Shall I /we +do sth ? (2) Let’s do sth. (3) What/how about doing sth? (4) Why not do sth= Why don’t you do sth ? (5) You’d/ we’d better (not )do sth? 3. 跟踪练习题 一．单项选择： 1. —_________ we go to visit the Great Wall tomorrow? —Good idea. A. Shall B. Will C. Must D. May 2. Let’s __________ a party this Sunday at school. A. to have B. have C. having D. had 3. What __________helping her with her English? A. to B. of C. about D. finish 4. Why not ___________ your homework on time? A. to finish B. finishing C. finished D. finish 5. If you have a headache, I think you __________ see a doctor. A. will B. shall C. should D. can 二．按要求改写句子，每空一词。 1. You shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours. (改为同义句) You ___________ eat ____________ for 24 hours. 2. You’d better ask for her help. (改为否定句) You’d better _____________ ___________ her for help. 3. She should stay in bed for a day or two. (就划线部分提问) ____________ ___________ she _____________? 第二部分：课文重点内容讲解 Section A What’s the matter? 1.matter 名词：“问题，事情”I have a matter to discuss with you. 动词：“要紧，关系重大”It doesn’t matter. 中考

初二英语语法总结

初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如： Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你为什么要离开上海去北京？ 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如： You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如： We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。 She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do?

人教版初二英语语法知识要点资料

人教版初二英语语法 知识要点

初二英语语法总结 1) leave的用法 1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如： When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么时候离开上海的？ 2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如： Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。 3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地” 2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用 should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如： How should I know? 我怎么知道？ Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？ should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如： We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。 我们在使用时要注意以下几点： 1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。 2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如： You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。 3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。

She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。 3) What...? 与 Which...? 1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如： What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？ 该句相当于： What does your father do? What is your father's job? Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如： ---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？ ---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。 2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如： What color do you like best? （所有颜色） 你最喜爱什么颜色？ Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范围） 你最喜爱哪一种颜色？ 3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如： Which pictures are from China? 哪些图片来自中国？ 4) 频度副词的位置 1.常见的频度副词有以下这些： always（总是，一直） usually（通常） often（常常，经常） sometimes（有时候） never（从不）

初二英语讲义1

初二英语讲义(一) 一、单项填空 1. Please show the map of Beijing, Lingling. A. I B. me C. my D. myself 2. ---- May I put my bike here? ---- No, you . You should put it over there. A. couldn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 3. It’s a good idea messages to your pen friends in English. A. write B. writes C. writing D. to write 4. Our classroom is much than yours. A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 5. Which subject do you think is , English or Chinese. A. easy B. easier C. easiest D. the easiest 6. I called you at nine last night, there was no reply. A. so B. or C. but D. because 7. Let’s stop . The teacher is coming. A. talk B. talking C. talked D. to talk 8. We a football game with Class 2 yesterday. A. have B. had C. will have D. are having 9. ---- What were you doing at this time yesterday ? ---- I TV. A. watch B. watched C. am watching D. was watching 10. I will give you a message as soon as I back. A. get B. got C. will get D. have got 二、完型填空 A school was near my home and I often watched the kids from my window when they played basketball. One day, I saw a little girl playing with boys. 1 played very well and no one could stop her. Sometimes, I saw her play 2 . She often practiced by herself until dark. One day I asked her 3 she practiced so much. She said, “I want to go to university. The only way I can go is to get a scholarship（奖学金）. I like to play basketball. If I play well, I can get a scholarship. My father told me that if the 4 is big enough and work hard for it, I can be successful.” Then she smiled and ran to go practice. I watched her through junior high and into high school. Every week, she and her school team won（赢）in the basketball matches. One day, I saw her 5 in the grass. I went over there and sat down beside her. I asked her what was wrong. “Oh, nothing,” she answered, “I am just too short.” The coach（教练）told her that she would probably never play for a university team, so she should 6 her dream about university.