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英语部分答案

英语部分答案
英语部分答案

一、判断对错

F 1. The software system is the physical equipment that you can see and touch.

F 2. Typically, a data value is set to zero to represent FALSE and 1 value for TRUE.

F 3. In the earliest general-purpose computer, most input and output media were magnetic disks. T 4. Supercomputers are largest, fastest, and most expensive computer available.

T 5. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system.

F 1. The data bus always receives data from the CPU, and the CPU never reads the data bus.

T 2. Main memory holds whatever programs and data are available for immediate use by the CPU.

F 3. Dynamic RAM does not have to be refreshed.

F 4.Dot-matrix printer work by squirting tiny droplets of liquid ink at the paper.

F 5. The auxiliary memory is very small, relatively expensive, and has very high access speed.

F 1. Shift registers operate in serial fashion all the bits of the word at a time.

F 2. RISC processors have larger instruction sets that often include some particularly complex

instructions.

T 3. SIMD represents an organization that includes many processing units under the supervision of a common control unit.

T 4. Parallel processing is established by distributing the data among the multiple functional units.

F 5. RISC is a complex instruction set computer.

F 1. A number of different algorithms can exist for solving a computational problem, and each of

these algorithms could have a same running time complexity.

F 2. The divide-and-conquer algorithm is a bottom-up technique that usually begins by solving

the smallest subproblems, the dynamic programming solves problems in a top-down fashion. T 3. An important property of arrays is that their size and shape are constant.

F 4. If all of the elements stored in a list are of the same type, then the list is said to be

heterogeneous. However, if different types of elements are stored in the list, then the list is said to be homogeneous.

F 5. A queue is a dynamic set that obeys the LIFO property.

F 1. The computer hardware recognizes only assembly language instruction.

F 2. A program written in the assembly language of one microprocessor can run on a computer

that has a different microprocessor.

F 3. Assembly languages are platform-independent, but high-level languages are not

platform-independent.

T 4. The 4GLs are also called nonprocedural languages.

T 5. Each assembly language instruction corresponds to one unique machine code instruction.

二、完形填空

Unit 1

This chapter introduces digital computer, data types, the evolution of computers, and types of computers. 1 is known to all, it’s hard to find a field in 2 computers are not being used. Digital computer, also called electronic computer or computer, is a digital system that 3 various computational tasks. Digital computers use the 4 number system, which has two digits: 0 and 1.

By using various coding 5 , groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary numbers 6 other discrete symbols, such as decimal digits or letters of the alphabet. A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. Programs tell the hardware what to do. 7 software is designed to accomplish real-world tasks in fields such as accounting, entertainment, and engineering. Computers are usually 8 into four broad categories: microcomputers, minicomputers, mainframe computers, and supercomputers. It’s hard to give a 9 definition to each type because computer speeds and storage 10 change rapidly.

1. A. As B. It C. As it D. That

2. A. what B. which C. where D. when

3. A. performs B. carries C. makes D. integrates

4. A. decimal B. binary C. Arabian D. American

5. A. technique B. technology

C. techniques

D. technologies

6. A. instead of B. rather than

C. but also

D. as well

7. A. Application B. System C. Word D. Excel

8. A. put B. made C. conducted D. classified

9. A. precious B. progress C. proceeding D. precise

10. A. capacities B. capable C. capabilities D. capacity

1.A

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. C

7. A

8. D

9. D 10.C

Unit 2

A computer system 1 of hardware system and software system. The hardware of the computer is usually divided into three major parts or three 2 subsystems: the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O 3 . The CPU is made up of three major parts, Register Set, the 4 logic unit, or ALU, and Control Unit. It performs many operations and controls computer. Memory is also known as 5 memory or main memory, which is cataloged into two major types of memory: Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM).

It refers to the 6 in the computer that hold whatever programs and data are available 7 immediate use by the CPU, along with the program’s data. Computer systems include special hardware 8 between the CPU and peripherals to supervise and synchronize all input and output transfers. These components are called 9 units because they interface between the processor bus and the peripheral device. The I/O subsystem allows the CPU to 10 with input and output devices.

1. A. consists B. makes up

C. constitutes

D. comprise

2. A. premier B. primary

C. preliminary

D. elementary

3. A. system B. machine C. subsystem D. device

4. A. mathematic B. authorative

C. arithmetic

D. authoritative

5. A.external B.exterior C. Interior D. internal

6. A. circuits B. wires C. lines D. hardware

7. A.by B. for C. with D. in

8. A.software B. setting C. listing D. components

9. A. singular B.dual C. interface D. compact

10. A.handle B. interact C. respond D. link

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. C

5. D

6. A

7. B

8. D

9. C 10. B

Unit 3

In computer engineering, computer architecture is the ___1___ design and fundamental operational structure of a computer system. It is a ___2___ and functional description of requirements, especially speeds and interconnections, and design implementations for the various parts of a computer —___3___ largely on the way by which the central processing unit (CPU) performs internally and accesses addresses in memory. Computer system architecture ___4___ the design of the four ___5___: parallel processing, pipelining, vector processing and RISC. Parallel processing system is used to provide simultaneous data-processing tasks for the purpose of increasing the ___6__ speed of a computer system

and is able to perform ___7___ data processing to achieve faster execution time. A pipeline is a set of data processing elements connected in series, so that the output of one element is the input of the next one. The elements of a pipeline are often ___8___ in parallel or in time-sliced fashion. A vector processor, is a CPU design that is able to run mathematical operations on multiple data elements simultaneously. Computers with vector processing capabilities are in demand in 9___ applications. RISC processors have fewer and __10___ instructions than CISC processors. As a result, their control units are less complex and easier to design.

1. A. lastest B. conceptual C. ideal D. simple

2. A. plan B. design C. blueprint D. concept

3. A. relying B. depending C. attaching D. focusing

4. A. refers B. speaks C. involves D. interacts

5. A. ingredients B. types C. kinds D. lists

6. A. computational B. computer

C. computation

D. computing

7. A. current B. compound

C. concurrent

D. massive

8. A. displayed B. carried

C. accomplished

D. executed

9. A. special B. specialized C. specific D. especial

10. A. simple B. simplifying C. singular D. simpler

1. B

2. C

3. D

4. C

5. A

6. A

7. C

8. D

9. B 10.D Unit 4

Algorithms are essential to the way computers process information, because a computer program is 1 an algorithm that tells the computer what specific 2 to perform in certain order in order to carr y out a specified task, such as calculating employees’ paychecks or printing students’ report cards. Thus, an algorithm can be considered to be 3 sequence of operations that can be performed by a turning-complete system. In fact, a data structure is a way of 4 data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Often a carefully 5 data structure will allow the 6 efficient algorithm to be used. The choice of the data structure often begins from the choice of an 7 data type.

A well-designed data structure allows a variety of critical operations to be performed, using as few resources, both execution time and memory space, as possible. Data structures are implemented by a 8 language as data types and the references and operations they provide. Moreover, different kinds of data structures are 9 to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to certain tasks. For example, B-trees are particularly well-suited for implementation of databases, 10 networks of machines rely on routing tables to function.

1. A. essentially B. essential C. partially D. mainly

2. A. methods B. steps C. plans D. exercises

3. A. some B. a C. the D. any

4. A. receiving B. storing C. input D. output

5. A. chosen B. made

C. programmed

D. picked

6. A. very B. most C. more D. less

7. A. abstract B.concrete C. special D. certain

8. A. basic B. running

C. programming

D. advanced

9. A. comforted B. suited C. compared D. hooked

10. A. therefore B. with C. when D. while

1. A

2. B

3. D

4. B

5. A

6. B

7. A

8. C

9. B 10. D

Unit 5

A total computer system includes both hardware system and software system. Hardware consists of the 1 components and all associated equipment. Software refers to the programs that are 2 for the computer. It is possible to be familiar with various

3 of computer software without being concerned with details of how the computer hardware operates.

A programming language is a language used to write computer programs, which involve a computer 4 some kind of computation or algorithm and possibly control over 5 devices such as printers, robots, and so on. Programming languages differ from 6 languages in that natural languages are only used for interaction between people, while programming languages also allow humans to communicate 7 to machines. Some programming languages are used by one device 8 control another. A prominent 9 of programming languages is to provide instructions to a computer. Thousands of different

programming languages have been 10 , and new languages are created every year.

1. A. mental B. possible C.essential D. physical

2. A. design B. spoken C. writtenD. made

3. A. parts B. kinds C.types D. aspects

4. A.performed B. to perform

C. performing

D. performs

5. A.intenal B. external C. inside D. outside

6. A. natural B. Human C. computer D. artificial

7. A.orders B. instructions C. codes D. calls

8. A. to B. for C. with D. over

9. A. show B. research C. purpose D. study

10. A. creatingB. created C. to create D. creation

1. D

2. C

3. D

4. C

5. B

6. A

7. B

8. A

9. C 10. B

三、汉译英

1.coding techniques 编码技术

2. application software 应用软件

3. floating point data 浮点数据

4.timesharing分时,分时技术

5. storage capacities 存储容量

1. system buses 系统总线

2. virtual memory 虚拟存储器

3. computer architecture 计算机体系结构

4. instruction set 指令集

5. direct memory access 直接存储器存取

1.parallel processing 并行处理

2. pipeline processing流水线处理

3. vector processing 向量处理

4. scalar processor标量处理器

5. backward compatibility 向下兼容

1. parallel algorithm并行算法

2. exhaustive search穷举搜索

3. dynamic programming 动态规划

4. doubly-linked list 双向链表

5. two-dimensional array 二维数组

1. derived class派生类

2. Inheritance 继承

3. markup languages 标记语言

4. Hyperlinks 超链接

5. Java virtual machine Java虚拟机

四、翻译句子

1. By using various coding techniques, groups of bits can be made to represent not only binary

numbers but also other discrete symbols.

通过应用各种编码技术。一组二进制不但可以表示二进制数据,而且还可以表示其他离散符号,如十进制数字或字母表中的字母。

2. System software includes not only the complex programs used by technicians to create application software in the first place but also the organizational programs needed to start up the computer and govern its use of other programs.

另一方面,系统软件控制计算机系统,它不仅包括专业人员用于创建应用软件的复杂程序,而且还包括用于启动计算机和提供给其它程序使用的管理程序。

3. Data are numbers and other binary-code information that are operated on to achieve required computational results.

数据是数字和其他二进制代码信息,这些二进制代码信息是可操作并能满足要求的计算机结果。

4. Rather than arithmetically or logically manipulating characters, a computer may concatenate strings of characters, replace some characters with others, or otherwise manipulate character strings.

计算机能将若干字符连成串,而不是用算术方法或逻辑方法处理字符,用串代替其它字符或另行处理字符串。

5. Software applications like word processing, electronic spreadsheets, database management programs, painting and drawing programs, desktop publishing, and so forth became commercially available, giving more people reasons to use a computer.

软件应用像文字处理、电子表格、数据库管理程序、画图程序及桌面印刷等等起到一定的商业效力,使更多的人去使用计算机。

1. By asserting these internal and external control signals in the proper sequence, the control unit causes the CPU and the rest of the computer to perform the operation needed to correctly process instructions.

为了保证内部和外部控制信号的序列正确,控制单元保证CPU和计算机的其他部件提供需要正确执行的指令操作。

2. In a computer with virtual memory, less-used parts of programs are shifted from RAM to a hard disk and are moved back only when needed.

在使用了虚拟存储器的计算机中,很少使用的程序从RAM被移到硬盘中,仅当需要时才被移回来。

3. A technique used to compensate for the mismatch in operating speeds is to employ an extremely fast, small cache between the CPU and main memory whose access time is close to processor logic clock cycle time.

为了弥补操作速度的不匹配,在CPU和主存之间采用非常快的小缓存,它的存取时间接近于处理器的逻辑时钟周期。

4. The data transfer rate of peripherals is usually slower than the transfer rate of the CPU, and consequently, a synchronization mechanism may be needed.

外设的数据传输速率通常比CPU的传输速率慢,因此就需要一个同步装置。

5. In some computers the interrupt vector is an address that points to a location in memory where the beginning address of the I/O service routine is stored.

在一些计算机中,中断向量是一个地址,它指向存储器中存储I/O服务程序起始地址的单元。

1. The purpose of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing capability and

increase its throughput, that is, the amount of processing that can be accomplished during a given interval of time.

并行处理的目的是加快计算机的处理速度并增加其吞吐量,所谓吞吐量是指在规定的时间间隔内所完成的指令。

2. It is characteristic of pipelines that several computations can be in process in distinct segments at the same time.

流水线的特征就在于在同一时间里可以在不同的子过程中处理几个不同的运算。

3. To achieve the required level of high performance it is necessary to utilize the fastest and most reliable hardware and apply innovative procedures from vector and parallel processing techniques. 只有采用最快和最可靠的硬件并应用向量处理和并行处理等新技术才能获得这些高性能的处理能力

4. In general, the greater the number of instructions in an instruction set, the larger the propagation delay is within the CPU.

一般来说,指令集中的指令数量越多,CPU内部的传播延迟时间就越长。

5. Although CISC processors are more complex, this complexity does not necessarily increase development costs.

虽然CISC处理器更为复杂,但这并不一定必然会导致开发成本的增加

1. In short, communication problems arise when the language used for an algorithm's representation is not precisely defined or when information is not given in adequate detail.

简单的讲,算法描述所采用的语言不具有精确的定义或者信息不够详细也会使交流产生问题。

2. Another common algorithmic structure involves that the need to continue executing a statement or sequence of statements as long as some condition remains true.

另一种常见的算法结构是当条件为“真”时,循环执行一条语句或者语句序列。

3. In many algorithms, running time will vary not only for inputs of different sizes, but also for different inputs of the same size.

在众多算法中,影响运行时间的不仅有不同长度的输入,也包括相同长度的不同输入。4. Thus, dynamic programming is a bottom-up technique that usually begins by solving the smallest subproblems, saving these results, and then reusing them to solve larger and larger subproblems until the solution to the original problem is obtained.

因此,动态规划方法是一种自下而上的方法,这种方法通常先解决最小的子问题,并保存其解,之后利用这些解对较大问题的求解,一步一步地进行直至得到原问题的解。

5. The conversion from this conceptual one-dimensional array organization to the actual arrangement within the machine’s memory is straight forward and the data can be stored in a seguence of 24 memory cells with consecutive address in the same order envisioned by the programma.

从这个概念上的一组数据结构仅在计算机内存中的实际存放形式的转换是很直接的,程序员可设定数据以确定的次序在地址连续的24个内存单元中存储。

1. Documentation is needed for everyone who will be involved with the program——users, operators, and programmers.

文档是每个涉及程序的人——用户、操作员和程序员都需要的。

2. Rather, programs written in a high-level language or assembly language are converted to machine language, which is then executed by the computer.

当然,用高级语言或汇编语言编写的程序先被转化为机器语言,然后再让计算机执行。

3. The corresponding programs set forth precise procedures, or series of instructions, and the programmer has to follow a proper order of actions to solve a problem.

相应的程序设立了精确的过程,或一系列的代码,程序员必须遵照合理的处理顺序才能解决问题。

4. 4GLs may not entirely replace third-generation languages because they are usually focused on specific tasks and hence offer fewer options.

4GLs可能不会完全取代第三代语言,因为它们通常着重于特定的任务,选择余地较小。

5. Inheritance is the means by which objects of a class can access member variables and functions contained in a previously defined class, without having to restate those defi nitions.

继承是指一个类的对象可以访问包含在以前定义的类中的成员变量和成员函数,而不必重新定义这些变量和函数。

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