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英语单词中最常见词根和重要后缀总结

英语单词中最常见词根和重要后缀总结
英语单词中最常见词根和重要后缀总结

英语单词中最常见词根和重要后缀总结备注:词根表仅仅作为工具书辅助记忆词汇,请结合考试词汇的中文意思和课堂上老师讲解学习。

acid, acr = sour, sharp act = to act

agogue = leader al, ol, ul = to nourish(滋补,滋养)

alt = high alter, ali = other

am = to love angl, angul = angle(角度)

anim = breath, mind

ann = year anthrop =human

apt = fit (适合的)aqua = water

arm = weapons art = skill, art

aud = to hear aug = to increase, to make,to grow

avi = bird

band, bond = to bind bar = bar

bat = to beat bat , bas = to go

bell = war

bio = life biology biologist

autobiography semi-autobiography

pneumonoultramicr oscopicsilicovolcano coniosis

brev = short cad, cid, cas = to fall

calc = lime camp = field

cand = white , bright cant, chant, cent = to sing

cap = head ,to take ,to catch

car = car , to run carn = flesh

cast = throw cav = hollow

cede, ceed , cess = to go, to yield ceive, cept, cip, cipate = to take

celer = swift cent = hundred

centr = center cern, cret = to separate

cert = sure chron = time

cide , cise = to cut circ , cyc = ring

cite = to call , to urge claim , clam = to cry

clin = to bend clud = to shut

coct = to cook cognis, gnos = to know

commun = common cord = heart

corp = body cosm , cosmo = universe

count = to count cover = to cover

cre, cresc = to make, to grow cred = to believe

crim = accusation, crime crit = to judge

cruc = cross culp = blame, guilt

cult = to till cumb = to lie down

cur, course = to run cure = to take care

cuss = to strike , to shake deb, du = to owe

dei = god dem = people

dent = tooth

例如:dentist 牙医- ist 表示人;dent = tooth

derm, derma, dermat = skin

dic = to proclaim dict, dit = to say

dign = worthy divid, divis = to divide

doc = to teach dom = house

dom = to tame, to rule don, dot, dow = to give

dorm = to sleep dox, dogma = opinion

draw = to draw, to pull drom = to run , course(process) duce, duct = to lead dur = to last

dyn, dynam = power eco = house ego = I , self

electr = electric em, empt = to take, to buy equ = equal

err = to wander, to err ess, est = to be

fa, fabl, fabul = to speak fac, front = face, forehead

fac, fect = to make , to do fare = to go

fend , fest = to strike fer = to carry, to bear, to tolerate

ferv = to boil fess = to speak

fest = festival fict, fig = to feign

fid = to trust figure = to shape , figure(n.), form(n.) fil = thread , to spin fin = to end

fix = to fasten flat = to blow

flect, flex = to bend flict = to strike

flor = flower flu = to flow

foli = leaf form = to form, form ,shape

fort = strong found , fund = base

fract, frag = to break fug = to flee

fuse, found = to pour gam = marriage

gener, gen, gent = to produce, race(n.) ger, gest = to carry

grad, gress = to walk gram , graph = to write

grand = grand grat = to please

grav = heavy gregat = to collect

hab, hibit = to have herb = grass

here, hes = to stick,her = heir

horr = to tremble hum , hom = man

hum = ground hydr = water

hypno = sleep idio = personal, distinct

it = to go

ject , jac = to throw join, junct = to join

journ = day jud = to judge

jur = to swear just, juris = law, right , justice labor = to work laps = to slip, to glide

late = to bring , to bear later = side

lav , lau = to wash lax , lyse = to loosen

lect, leg = to choose , to gather, to read leg = to appoint , to send

leg = law lev = to raise, light (adj.)

liber = free libr, lib = book

lic = to be permitted lig = to bind

lingu = tongue, language liqu = fluid

liter = letter loc = place

log , loqu, locut = to speak long = long

lud = to play lumin = light

lust, luc = bright

magn, maj , max = great manu, man = hand mand, mend = to order , to entrust mari = sea

mark = to mark , boundary matr= mother

mechan = machine med = to heal

medi = middle melan = black

memor = to remember ment = to think , mind(n.) mere = to trade , reward(n.) merge, mers = to sink, to dip meter = to measure migr = to remove , to wander milit = soldier, to fight min = to jut , to project

min = small mir = to wonder, to behold miss, mit = to send, to throw mix = to mix

mod = manner mon = to advise , to remind monstr = to show mor = custom

morph = form mort = death

mount = mountain, to ascend mov, mob, mot = to move muni = service mur = wall

mut = to change myst = mystery

nat = born nau, nav = ship

necro = death, dead nect , nex = to bind

neg = to deny neur , neuro , nerv = nerve neutr = neither nihil = nothing

noc , nox = to harm noct , nox = night

nomin, nom = name norm = rule, norm

not = to mark nounce, nunci = to report nov = new nul, null = nothing number, numer = number, to count nutri = to nourish

ocul = eye onym = name

oper = to work , work opt = to wish

opt, opto = eye, sight ora = to speak ,to pray order, ordin = order ori = to rise , to begin

orn = to decorate, to furnish ortho = straight , right

oss, osteo = bone pact = to agree, to fasten pan = bread par = to prepare

par = equal par = to appear

par = to bear , to give birth to part = a part , to part

pass = to pass passi , pati, path = to suffer, feelings

part = father ped = foot

ped = child pel , puls = to drive

pen ,pun = to punish pend, pens = to hang , to weigh

peri = to go through pet = to fly , to seek

petr, petro = stone, rock phan ,fan = appearance phon = sound ; phe = to speak photo = light (n.)

pict = to paint , picture plac , pleas = to please plain , plaint = to beat the breast plant = to plant , plant (n.) plaud, plode = to strike, to clap

plen, plete, ple , pli, ply = to fill, full ( adj. )

plore = to flow out ply, pli, ple = to fold

polis = city polit, poli = state, country pon , pound = to put popul, publ = people

port = to carry port = gate

pos = to place , to put potent = powerful

prec = to pray preci = price

preda = prey(n.), to plunder press = to press

prim, prin, prem = first pris, prehend = to seize priv = private (adj.) to deprive proach , proxim = near prob, prov = to test , to try, to examine proper , propri = proper, one’s own

psych, psycho = soul pugn = to fight

punct = to prick pur = pure

purg = to purify pute = to think

quer = to complain qui, quiet = calm , rest(n.) quire, quisit , quest = to seek quit = to free , to release radi = root

radi = ray rap, rav = to snatch

rat , ratio = to reckon , reason (n.) rect = right , straight

reg = to rule , king (n.) rot = wheel (n.) , to turn

rud = raw rupt = to break

sacr , sanct , secr = sacred

sal = salt sal, sult = to leap

sal , san = whole sangui = blood

sat = full scan , scend , scal = to climb sci = to know scribe , script = to write

sect = to cut sed, sess, sid = to sit semin = seed sen = old

sens ,sent = to feel sequ, secut, su = to follow

sert = to join, to put serv = to serve, to keep sign = to mark simil, sembl = like(prep.), same

sinu = curve ,sinus sist , stitut, sta, st = to stand

soci = companion, to associate sol = alone

sol = sun

somn = sleep son =sound

soph = wise ,wisdom sort = kind

spec, spect = to see, to look sper = hope

spers = to scatter spher = ball

spir = to breathe splend = to shine

spond , spons = to promise stell = star

stinct, sting = to prick

string , strict , strain, stress = to draw tight stru, struct = to build

suade = to advise sume,sumpt = to take summ = sum, highest sur = sure , secure

tail = to cut tang , tact = to touch tain , ten, tin = to hold , to keep techn(o) = art , skill

tect = to cover temper = to moderate tempor = time tempt , tent = to try

tend , tens , tent = to stretch tenu = thin

term = boundary terr = earth

terr = to frighten test = witness

text = to weave the(o) = god

thes, thet = to place , to put tim = to fear

ton = tone tort = to twist

tour, torn = to turn tox = poison

tract , treat = to draw tribut = to pay , to bestow

trop = to turn trud , trus = to thrust , to push tum = to swell turb = to disturb

ultim = last umbr = shadow

urb = city us , uti = to use

vac, van , void = empty vade = to go

vaga = to wander val , vail = strong , worth var(i) = diverse , to change velop = to wrap

ven , vent = to come ven = vein

venge = to avenge vent = wind

ver = true verb = word

verg = to incline vers, vert = to turn vest = to clothe , garment

vi , voy = way vict , vinc = to conquer vid , vis = to see vig , veg = lively

viv = to live voc , voke = to call , voice volve, volut = to roll

vor = to eat

C) 常见的后缀(suffix)

★ 1. 名词后缀

(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人

1)-an, -ian, 表示"……地方的人,精通……的人” American, historian

2)-al, 表示"具有……职务的人" principal,

3)-ant,-ent 表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student

4)-ar 表示"……的人” scholar, lia r

5)-ard, -art 表示"做……的人”coward

6)-arian 表示"……派别的人,……主义的人”vegetarian

7)-ary 表示"从事……的人" secretary

8)-ate 表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate

9)-ator 表示"做……的人" educator

10)-crat 表示"某种政体,主义的支持者" democrat

11)-ee 表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee

12)-eer 表示"从事

于……人" engineer, volunteer

13)-er 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区,地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, villager

14)-ese 表示" ……国人,…..地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese

15)-ess 表示"阴性人称名词" actress, hostess, manageress

16)-yer 表示" 从事……职业者” lawyer

17)-ian 表示"……地方人,信仰…….教的人,从事……职业的人”physician(内科医生),musician

18)-ician 表示"精通者,……家,”electrician, magician, technician

19)-icist 表示"……家,…….者, …….能手”physicist

20)-ic 表示"……者,……师" mechanic, critic

21)-ster 表示"做…….事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒),songster

22)-ier 表示"从事……职业” clothier

23)-ine, ian 表示"阴性人称名词" heroine, ballerina

24)-ist 表示"从事……研究者,信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist, violinist

25)-ive 表示"动作者,行为者” native, captive

26)-logist 表示"……学家,研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)

27)-or 表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,

★(2). 构成,具有抽象名词的含义

1)-hood, 表示"资格,身份, 年纪,状态" childhood, manhood

2)-age, 表示"状态,行为,身份及其结果,总称" courage, storage, marriage

3)-al,

a) 表示"事物的动作,过程”refusal, arrival, survival

b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal

4)-ance, -ence表示"性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度” endurance, importance, diligence,

difference, obedience

5)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质,状态,行为,过程" frequency, urgency

6)-bility, 表示"动作,性质,状态" possibility, feasibility,

7)-craft, 表示"工艺,技巧” woodcraft, handicraft

8)-cracy, 表示"统治,支配" democracy

9)-dom, 表示"等级,领域,状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom

10)-ship

a) 表示技艺,技能,…法,…术

horsemanship, workmanship

b)表示情况,状态,关系,性质

friendship , scholarship , hardship, partnership

c)表示身份,职位,资格

citizenship, membership, professorship, managership

11)-ing, 表示"动作的过程,结果" building, writing, learning

12)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程,结果,状况" action, solution, conclusion,

expression, correction

13)-ise, 表示"性质,状态” exercise, merchandise

14)-ism, 表示"制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为" socialism, criticism, heroism

15)-ment, 表示"行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment,

punishment,

16)-ness, 表示"性质,状态,程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness

★(3) 带有场所,地方的含义

1)-age, 表示"住所,地点" village, cottage

2)-ary, 表示"住所,场地" library

3)-ery, ry, 表示"工作场所,饲养所,地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室,外科)

4)-ory, 表示"场所,住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory

★(4) 带有学术,科技含义

1)-grapy, 表示"……学,写法” biography, calligraphy, geography

2)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics

3)-ology, 表示"……学科……论”biology, zoology, technology,

ecology , geology, biology, psychology , geography

4)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy

5)-ery,-ry 表示"学科,技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery

6)-y, 表示"……学,术,法” photography, philoso phy

★(5) 表示物品和物质名称的含义

1)-ant, -ent constant

2)-al signal, pictorial(画报)

3)-ar collar 4)- er computer, washer, cooker 5)-ing clothing 6)-ment instrument, equipment

★(6) 表示“细小”的含义

1)-cle, particle,

2)-cule, molecule(分子)

3)-el, parcel

4)-en, chicken, maiden

5)-et, pocket, ticket

6)-etta, -ette, etto, cigarette

7)-kin, napkin

8)-ling, duckling,

9)-let, booklet

10)-y, baby, doggy

■ 2. 形容词后缀

★(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义

1)-able, -ible movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible

2)-al natural, additional, educational

3)-an urban, suburban 4)-ant, -ent distant, important, excellent

5)-ar similar, popular, regular

6)-ary military, voluntary

7)-ic, -atic, ical systematic, historic, physical,

8)-ine feminine

9)-ing moving, touching 10)-ish foolish, bookish, selfish

11)-ive active ,impressive, decisive

12)-ory satisfactory, compulsory

★(2) 表示“相象,类似”的含义

1)-ish boyish, childish

2)-esque picturesque

3)-like manlike, childlike

4)-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly

5)-some troublesome, handsome

6)-y milky

★(3) 表示“充分的”含义

1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful

2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various

3)-ent, violent,

★(4) 表示由某种物质形成,制成或生产的含义

1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen

2)-ous, gaseous

3)-fic, scientific

★(5) 表示方向的含义

1)-ern, eastern, western

2)-ward, downward, forward

★(6) 表示“倍数”的含义

1)-ble, double, treble

2)-ple, triple

3)-fold, twofold, tenfold

★(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义

1)-teen, thirteen

2)-ty, fifty

3)-th, fourth

★(8) 表示国籍,语种,宗教的含义

1)-an, Roman, European

2)-ese, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese

3)-ish, English, Spanish

★(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义

1)-er, greater

2)-ish, reddish, yellowish

3)-est, highest

4)-most, foremost, topmost

★(10) 表示否定

-less, countless, wireless

★(11) 表示“防…的”

-proof fireproof windproof airproof waterproof rainproof ■ 3. 动词后缀

1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成,变成,…化“modernize, organize

2)-en, 表示"使成为,引起,使有” quicken, weaken, darken, widen, broaden

3)-fy, 表示"使…化, 使成…”beautify, purify, simplify

4)-ish, 表示"使,令” finish, abolish

5)-ate, 表示“成为……,处理,作用” separate, operate, indicate

■ 4. 副词后缀

1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply

2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward

3)-ways, always, sideways

4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise, counterclockwise

初中 最常见词根词缀总结

初中常用词根词缀总结 前缀 1、ab--表示反常,否定,离开abnormal absent 2、ante--在.......之前anteroom antecedent 3、anti--防止,反对antiwar antifreeze 4、auto--自动的automobile autorun 5、bi--两个,双bicycle bilateral 6、co--一起,共同cooperate coexist 7、com--一起,共同combine compete 8、contra--相反contrast contradict 9、de--往下,离开,减少decrease devalue 10、dis--表示否定dislike disappear 11、ex--向外,以前的export ex-wife 12、extra--超过extraordinary 13、fore--在......之前forehead foresee 14、hemi--一半hemisphere hemicycle 15、homo--相同的homosexual 16、il--表示否定illegal illiterate 17、im--表示否定impossible impolite 18、in--表示向内,也表否定indoor independent 19、inter--在.......之间,彼此international interchange 20、ir--表示否定irregular irrelative 21、kilo--千(构成名词,常用于计量单位)kilometer kilogram 22、mid--中,中部midnight midlife 23、mini--小的,迷你的miniskirt ministate 24、mis--坏的,错误misuse mistake 25、non--表示否定nonstop nonhuman 26、out--外面,超过outgoing outsize 27、over--过度,覆盖overwork overcoat 28、pre--在........之前prehistory preschool 29、re--重复,重新rebuilt reconsider 30、step--后,继的stepfather stepchild 1

(完整版)英语单词常见前缀后缀——记忆方法与列表

英语单词常见前缀后缀——记忆方法与列表 文/邓桂东(广西大学) 英语单词是怎样造出来的——词根加词缀。举一个例子说明这句话。 英语中有词根“press:压”,那么如果语言学家发现生活中的很多意义从本质上讲无非是压、挤,他们就会用“press压”这个词根再加上表示方位的前缀或表示词性的后缀,造出新词。且看: compress 压缩,镇压(压在一起)《com-=together》 compressible 可压缩的 depress 使沮丧,使萧条(压往下方)《de-=down》 depression 沮丧,不景气(压挤出来)《ex-=out》 express 表达,挤出,快递 expressive 表现的,意味深长的 impress 使印象深刻,铭记(押附心上) 《im-=in-=on》 impressive 留给人印象深刻的 oppress 压抑(对…施加压力) 《op-=ob-=against》 repress 抑制(压迫回来) 《re-=back》 以上例子足以说明,同一个词根加上不同的词缀就构成不同的单词,是什么让我们在记忆单词“impressive”时能将其拆分成“im+press+ive”三部分?是因为我们认识前缀“im”合缀“ive”。我们为什么记忆“im”和“ive”记得这么牢呢?因为我们是在一个自己非常熟悉的单词“impressive”中去记忆的。这正是我建议大家学习前缀后缀的方法:根据自己非常熟悉的一个老单词,来学习一个你必须掌握的新前缀,同时将原来对于这个老单词的感性认识升华到理性认识。

un uni al (adj) al (n) en (v) en (adj) er,or ic,ical

英语词根和前后缀和词组[1]

常用英语前缀 Ⅰ.前缀re- re-是最常用的前缀之一。它可以加在名词或动词前面,构成新的名词或动词。re-表示以下三方面的意义: 1.表示"回"或"向后"的意思。例如:return(回来,返回)recall(回忆,召回)retract (缩回,取回) 2.表示"再"、"重新"、"重复"的意思。例如:review(复习)reunion(团圆,重聚)restart (重新开始)reconstruction(重建) 3.表示"相反"、"反对"的意思。例如:rebel(反叛,谋反)reverse(反转,颠倒)resist (反抗,抵抗) Ⅱ.前缀de-与dis- 前缀de-来自拉丁语,意为"away from",所以这个前缀的意义之一就是"离开"、"出"。它构成的词有一定规律性,常表"离开"这一深层概念,而且常与介词from等搭配,例如:dethrone(废黜) deport(驱逐出境)deduce(推断) derail(脱轨) Delete his name from the list of members.把他的名字从成员名单上除去。 The train will depart from platform 2.这列火车将从2号站台发车。 另外,前缀de-还表示"除去"、"取消"以及"否定"、"非"、"相反"的意思。例如:decamp(撤营)decode(解码)deforest(砍伐森林)decolonize(非殖民化) devaluation(贬值)He has been degraded from public office.他已经被解除公职。 He descended from his taxi.他下了出租车。 前缀dis-与前缀de-同源,也来自拉丁语,原义为apart"分开"。dis-具有"不"、"无"的意思,所以加在某些动词或名词前构成反义词。例如:dishonest(不诚实的)disappear(不见,消失) disorder(无秩序,混乱) dis-还表示"取消"、"除去"以及"分开"、"离"、"散"的意思。由这些意义构成的词常与from 等搭配。例如: He discounted 15%from the price of a car.他把汽车价格打八五折。 Don'tdistracthis mind from his work.不要分散他工作的注意力。 另外,dis-也可表示"相反动作"或加强意义,由它构成的词也常与from等搭配,下面例子都表示"相反动作"。 disappear from the view 消失不见 He was discharged from hospital.他出院了。 Ⅲ.前缀in-及im-,il-,ir- 它们像同胞四兄弟,都是表示否定的前缀。表示"不、无、非"等否定意义。 1.以字母b,m,p开头的单词,其否定前缀为im-。例如:imbalance(不平衡的)immoral

英语单词常见前后缀词根总结

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cycl 圆,环 bicycle自行车 cyclone旋风 di 日 diary日记 diarist记日记者 dict 说 predict预言 indicate表示 duc,duct 引导 conduct指导 induce引诱 ed 吃 edible可吃的 edacity贪吃 hap 机会,运气,偶发 happen发生 mishap灾祸 hospit 客人 hospital医院 hospitable好客的,殷勤的insul 岛 peninsula半岛 insulation隔绝,孤立 hydra 水 hydraulic水利的 hydrant消防栓 ject 投,掷,抛 eject射出 project投射

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名词ent ure ue us ity ary acy or er ance ence ment(一般表实际意义的名词) ion (一般表抽象意义的名词) 动词ate ish (ise)ify 浊辅音结尾为动词advise 清辅音结尾是名词advice 形容词al ele ant ent ute ive ous(…多)ic ile(能…的) ate(只是偶尔做,读音/it/有时也做名词) 化学id ium 物理um(有时表示地点) 病ia 前缀 ab—远离;加强语气 pre—在前 pro—往前 a—加强语气;否定 re—一再的;返回 e??=e=ex—外 cor—全部 com—共同的后接双唇音(b p m) con—共同的;加强语气后接辅音 co—共同的后接元音 en—使…样 de—下方,地,否定 sub su??-----下 a??---加强语气,引申,一再的 in—向里,里面;(在n. adj. 表示否定) i??—否定 词根 neg—否定 bite—咬 rupt—破 isl isle-----隔离 celer ---速度=fast care→cur—关心/kjue/ course→cor—走cur跑/k^/ curs—跑 cess—走→ced—走

vent—走→ven—走 once→ance—前 ag—动 ac—尖 kown→gnor—认com+gnor=cogn—认quain—认appropriate→apt—适合的,易于 expert→ept---专家 opt—选择 equal→equat—相等的eco—相等的 junct—连接→jung liter—字 preci—价值 leg lect—说 fess—说 voc/vok---喊 vac—空 sense→sent—感觉→thet—感觉 flu—流 flect—弯t/s换→flex—弯 ford—力量(t d s g互换)fort fors→force forge grav—重 alb cand----白 out→other(or)→alter(al)—外---←ut←ult←out lev—轻;举 loy –捆绑 字母意思 d—衔接元音 i—小 e—在结尾处发前面元音的字母音 ul—承上启下,连字符 le—反复,多次

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