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中美高等教育对比The Differences of Higher Education between China and America

中美高等教育对比The Differences of Higher Education between China and America
中美高等教育对比The Differences of Higher Education between China and America

Abstract

Education has become a symbol of the national power. Every year a great number of students from all over the world come to American for studying. On the contrary, China as an ancient country civilization with over five thousand years, only have several famous universities. This paper aims to study the difference of higher education between China and America and find out the merit of American education. Then take the essence and discard the dregs to improve the quality of our own education.

Key words: Higher Education; Difference; China; American

Introduction

Higher education is an educational level that follows a completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school, or a gymnasium. Higher education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education vocational education and training. Colleges, universities and institutes of technology are the main institutions that provide higher education.In many developed countries, a high proportion of the population, now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economic, both as a significant industry in its own right and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers command a significant wage premium and are much less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers.

The American university has been considered as models by the world, although it only has a history of 300 years. Every year thousands of students from all over the world come to American for studying, including a large number of Chinese excellent students. With the development of economic, China also attracts a lot of oversea students in recent years, but there still are many differences on higher education between China and America. As a result, we should learn from America and make improvement in our education.

I The Differences of Higher Education between China and America

Firstly, they are different in teaching methods.In American, inspiring students is great important for teaching. In classroom, teachers will specially put forward some inspiring questions for students. In such a teaching mode, students in the classroom have a higher degree of freedom, and they can be ready to make their own doubt for teachers which made the teaching atmosphere lively and vivid. This method of teaching helps students develop the ability of independent thinking and solving problem. However, China’s higher education pays more attention to the systematic study. When teaching the curriculum, teachers should follow in accordance with certain teaching programs. Although students have certain interactive questions, this kind of questions tend to be concentrated after the class, rather than in the classroom. It is the main mode that class is taught by teachers and students just listen to the records. This approach is conductive to help the students learn systemic knowledge, and they have less sense of innovation.

Secondly, they have differences in the dependence of students. In America, college students are likely to be more independent of their parents. Students often make decisions by themselves, no matter on studying and live. And students are often expected, as part of learning to be an adult, to pay for part or all the costs of college by themselves. On the other hand, pa rents also give more freedom for children to the best of their abilities. Some American college students thrive in this new found freedom, and some flounder. Many grow up quickly during college, while others fail and leave college to find full-time jobs. In China, college students are likely to be their parents’ only child—the focus of family pride, concern, and hope. Their parents’ work hard to help them succeed, including helping them study for the dreaded college entrance exams. And parents try their best to teach traditional Confucian values of honoring family, teacher, and education and the modern realities of rapidly expanding commerce and technology.

Thirdly, they have different targets. In American, every university has its reasons to exist, no matter how small it is. And each university knows what their target is. For example, the economic institute of Stanford university has three goals for undergraduate. There is no doubt the number of universities in China is increasing but

most university don’t know why it should be established and exists. Just because China has a large population, more universities can let more students go to the university. In addition, the development of Chinese universities behaves a bit impulsive, for example, many universities are seeking for certain “world rankings” but overlook the formal development of themselves. And most of students choose to go to university is to get a diploma which can help them find a job easily.

II The Reasons for the Differences

China and America has different social environment. America is open social. The society’s openness urges the American college to abandon the old education on thought which European traditional university sticks to, adopts open policy to absorb all advantages from other countries and establishes diverse and open education control system which emphasizes the actual effects. America is the biggest immigrant country which has very strong containing nature in the culture. American economy emphasizes on the practical value, matter reward as well as individual value realization with fast development, rich material life, strong material idea and etc. The American advocates the independent way of life and work. The American owns full creative humanities spirit, the innovation is the forever subject in their brains. They pursue the high-tech and prefer to compete.

Contrast with young American, China is the great nation with glorious history and cultural traditions. The Chinese people have the excellent moral of modesty, rigorous and implicit, but also have been over cautious and conservative. Through Chinese economy and technology is quite backward, it has very strong potential development. Therefore, China implements the policy of opening up, abundantly absorbs the benefit and enriches itself.

Besides, Education is a cultural phenomenon, different education response to a different culture. So we can see the cultural difference in the view of higher education. From ancient on, Chinese people are always very conservative, which result in they lack of spirit of adventure and innovative conscious. As a result, the student in the

classroom is not very active. By contrast, America is a nation of immigrants with a short history. With the influence of multi culture and different values, it is easy for them to be more lively and free.

III Enlightenment from the Concept of American Higher Education Nowadays, China’s higher education is shift from the examination-oriented education to quality education. Indeed what kind of education principles and practices to choose is not only related to quality of education, but related to the future of the Chinese nation and all young students’life development. The reform of higher education should respect history and national conditions with compatible absorption and innovation. Here is some enlightenment from the concept of American higher education.

Firstly, teaching management should achieve the reunification of system and flexibility. Teaching management system is a set of regulations and criterions to ensure the normal functioning of teaching and extracurricular life. In the development of teaching management system, standard and uniformity nature of the system if often focused, while the humanities, reasonableness and flexibility is consider insufficiently.

Secondly, students’ sense of participation should be fully prominent in teaching practice. The stress of individualized education is to awaken and mobilize students’main principle, promote students’ initiative and creativity. It not only emphasizes the lead role of teachers in the process of teaching, but also give the main role to students in the process of learning. Therefore, teaching should focus on taking individualized teaching methods, strategies and techniques, widely apply the science teaching methods.

Furthermore, our education system should have appropriately change. Every university should adjust its direction and position in a timely manner with the social development, so that it keep pace with the times, and successfully transform the university into a higher level.

Conclusion

From what has mentioned above we know the differences of higher education between America and China as well as its reason. There is no point saying which kind of education is superior. We should improve ourselves continuously only if we could find out our weaknesses in this comparison and learn from the best. American higher education is the heaven for the students to learn what they like and what they need actually.Higher education in China is continuously growing, changing and developing. Higher education in China has played a significant part in economic growth, scientific progress and social development in the country by bringing up large scale of advanced talents and experts for the construction of socialist modernization. At the end of the paper lists some enlightenment from the concept of American higher education. If we can follow these changes, Chinese higher education will go to a bright future and American also can get something they lack of from our higher education.

中美高等教育的主要差别

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中美大学课堂教育对比

中美大学课堂教育对比 一、课堂特点 中国课堂:任务、纪律、整齐划一 ○1学生端端正正地坐在拥挤的教室里,注意力高度集中听讲。老师滔滔不绝地讲,学生静静地听。 ○2学生要抄写大量笔记,单调的灌输式教学方式使学生对学习往往失去兴趣。 ○3老师占用课堂大部分时间,老师讲课时一般不提问学生。 美国课堂:形散而神不散 ○1上课如开研讨会,学生分组活动,发言积极,课堂上欢声笑语。 ○2课堂上不断有提问与回答,学生可以随时接住同伴的话题继续进行,老师观察指导。 ○3教师很敬业,讲课充满热情,鼓励、启发学生,学生知识面广,善于表达。 二、学生的学习方式 中国学生:独立学习 ○1中国的教育过分重视学生课内的学习,而忽视学生课外的实践学习。 ○2学习中,要求学生独立完成作业,过分强调独立思考,课堂上不提倡与别人讨论,学生在学习中不喜欢求教他人,喜欢独立思考。 ○3学习中很少分享,同伴间的学习互相保守,谈不上积极帮助。 美国学生:合作学习 ○1除在课内学习外,强调学生在课外的合作学习。 ○2提倡团队协作、合作,强调小组和团队、集体的力量和作用,注意培养与他人的合作能力,提倡在协作中提高自我。 ○3提倡分享,注重交流与沟通,重视别人的不同意见,重视从不同渠道获得的知识和 信息。 三、学习时间 中国:全天学习 美国:半天学习 四、教材 中国的教材强调夯实基础 美国的教材比较浅显 五、师生关系:中国:传统的师生关系美国:融洽的朋友关系 六、育人目标:中国:重视基础知识的掌握美国:重视创造力的培养

七、教育理念:中国:事先安排好学习内容美国:学生自主选择学习内容,提倡学生学习自己感兴趣的东西 八、考试制度:中国:考试目的在于淘汰人和升学的需要美国:在于寻找自身存在的不足,查漏补缺,以利于今后学习的开展。 九、班级规模:中国:大班授课美国:小班授课 十、对待成绩的态度:中国:成绩公布,学生和老师很重视成绩美国:成绩属于隐私,不公布,学生和老师不太重视成绩 中美课堂教育差异的原因:1、历史原因2、社会因素3、中美教育评价标准与教育价值观不同4、中国教育重知识,重灌溉的课堂教学方式,美国重实践、重创造的课堂教学模式 建议:○1注重培养学生的合作学习能力○2注重培养学生的实践、创新能力○3推进人才模式改革,尊重学生个性和发展需求○4营造平等、民主、宽松的课堂氛围○5采用多元化的考核方式○6注重课堂信息反馈○7增强教师责任意识,提高服务水平。 总结:中国依旧是传统式教育、不大实用;美国偏重于实际动手能力、比较符合社会发展的需要 教育是一种文化现象,不同的教育反映的是不同文化内涵,适宜美国社会的教育体制并不一定适合中国。每一种教育方式都有其优点,我们要理性地看待。 谢谢观看! University classroom education of China and the United States First:class characteristics Chinese class: task, discipline, uniform Students sitting in a crowded classroom, seriously from concentration to the lecture.Teacher speak reel, students listen. Students want to copy a lot of notes, monotonous force-feeding teaching methods so that the students tend to lose interest in learning. The teacher to take up the classroom, most of the time don't usually ask students when the teacher lectures.

中美孩子教育对比清单-如何培养孩子独立性和自主能力

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5-7岁,铺床、摆餐具、擦桌子、收拾房间……

8-12岁,做简单的饭、清理洗手间、使用洗衣机…… 13岁以上,换灯泡、做饭、洗衣、修剪草坪…… 中国的家长望子成龙心切,他们更重视学业的倾向,认为给孩子一个良好的学业开端是幼儿园重要的任务,而美国的家庭则将培养孩子独立性和自主能力放在一个重要的任务。 美国人在教育、培养孩子的优良品质和个性方面,有许多值得我们借鉴的做法与经验。竞争充满着美国整个社会乃至每一个家庭。人人凭本事吃饭,没有人身依附,“靠自己的双手挣钱”成为孩子们的自觉行为,勤奋、节俭蔚成风气。 中国孩子与美国孩子有何不同:中国孩子抱大,美国孩子爬大。 编后语:我们每个人都处在亲子关系之中,是处于与孩子的亲密与融洽的关系,孩子是通过母亲来到这个世界,但并不是为你来的,在他来到这个世界之前就注定了他是独立的,父母的存在是帮助孩子成为他所想要成为的那样一个人。

中美高等教育对比

Abstract Education has become a symbol of the national power. Every year a great number of students from all over the world come to American for studying. On the contrary, China as an ancient country civilization with over five thousand years, only have several famous universities. This paper aims to study the difference of higher education between China and America and find out the merit of American education. Then take the essence and discard the dregs to improve the quality of our own education. Key words: Higher Education; Difference; China; American Introduction Higher education is an educational level that follows a completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school, secondary school, or a gymnasium. Higher education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education vocational education and training. Colleges, universities and institutes of technology are the main institutions that provide higher education.In many developed countries, a high proportion of the population, now enter higher education at some time in their lives. Higher education is therefore very important to national economic, both as a significant industry in its own right and as a source of trained and educated personnel for the rest of the economy. College educated workers command a significant wage premium and are much less likely to become unemployed than less educated workers. The American university has been considered as models by the world, although it only has a history of 300 years. Every year thousands of students from all over the world come to American for studying, including a large number of Chinese excellent students. With the development of economic, China also attracts a lot of oversea students in recent years, but there still are many differences on higher education between China and America. As a result, we should learn from America and make improvement in our education.

国内外高等教育体制对比研讨

国内外高等教育体制对比研讨 有幸到明尼苏达大学以访问学者的身份学习了三个月。在这三个月里,所见,所闻,所感,非三言两语能表达。总之,感触颇多。 明尼苏达大学始建于1851年,拥有四所校园,是美国最具综合性的高等学府之一,位居美国最富盛名的大学之列。明大是美国的赠地大学之一,具有优秀的教育和为社会服务的传统,也是美国重要的研究机构,有很多在美国和国际上享有盛名的学者。作为世界一流的本科、研究生教育学府和学术研究机构,明大每年的教育预算高达16亿美元,在校学生近6万人,在美国所有公立大学中位居第三。在三个月的学习中,笔者还参观了包括普林斯顿大学、圣约翰大学在内的十几所私立、公立大学,对美国的高等教育体制有了大致的了解。经过对比,笔者发现,中美高等教育体制上存在着以下差异。 一、教育理念不同 中国的教育理念与美国的教育理念截然不同,最大的区别是:中国偏重于灌输式教育。中国学生的根基非常扎实,这是优点,但也有缺点,中国的学生面对新事物总有畏缩心理,与美国学生比起来,创新意识较差,无论是各门课程的课程学习报告、设计报告还是期末考试,中国大学更为重视

学生的答案是否符合“标准”;而美国大学更看重实践以及实践过程中的创造性思维。这也是国内教育与西方教育的重要区别。 国内的学生往往有惊人的记忆能力和良好的数学基础,这也是中国学生能在应试教育中取得佳绩的原因,但是美国的高等教育更多地要求学生去参与、实践、创造,许多课程都安排有案例学习与讨论的时间以及学生进行案例分析与陈述等以学生为中心的教学活动。老师对学生的面授时间很短,大约为学生所用学习时间的30%左右。其余时间要靠学生自学、到图书馆查阅资料、同学之间相互讨论,才能学懂有关的知识。在参与和实践的过程中,学生自学和自己解决问题的能力得到了提高。由于他们变被动的学习为主动的学习,态度不同,学习的效果就有天壤之别。 美国的课堂气氛非常活跃,学生可以随时打断老师的讲课并提问。虽然有些问题看起来非常简单,但老师都会认真解答。而有的问题则非常尖锐,学生甚至可对老师的观点进行反驳。课程作业一般要求学生对现行政策或评估方法进行批判性的论述。美国高校老师对学生的课程报告或者课程设计的评阅多以鼓励为主:对思维独特、见解不一般的学生大加褒扬;即使一些学生的报告刚刚过关,老师也可以从报告中找到文章的亮点予以鼓励。这些鼓励极大地增强了学生的自信心,并可明白自己报告中存在的问题。

中美高等教育差异之我见

中国与西方高等教育制度差异之我见 为期12周的的世界各著名大学揽胜选修课即将结束,在过去的12周里,老师带我们领略了世界各国著名大学的风采,在羡慕和向往中我们也认识到了中西方高等教育制度的差异,这次的作业我就来谈谈中国与美国高等教育制度的差异 一、教育理念不同 中国的教育理念与美国的教育理念截然不同,最大的区别是:中国偏重于灌输式教育。中国学生的根基非常扎实,这是优点,但也有缺点,中国的学生面对新事物总有畏缩心理,与美国学生比起来,创新意识较差,无论是各门课程的课程学习报告、设计报告还是期末,中国大学更为重视学生的答案是否符合“标准”;而美国大学更看重实践以及实践过程中的创造性思维。这也是国内教育与西方教育的重要区别。 国内的学生往往有惊人的记忆能力和良好的数学基础,这也是中国学生能在应试教育中取得佳绩的原因,但是美国的高等教育更多地要求学生去参与、实践、创造,许多课程都安排有案例学习与讨论的时间以及学生进行案例分析与陈述等以学生为中心的教学活动。老师对学生的面授时间很短,大约为学生所用学习时间的30%左右。其余时间要靠学生自学、到图书馆查阅资料、同学之间相互讨论,才能学懂有关的知识。在参与和实践的过程中,学生自学和自己解决问题的能力得到了提高。由于他们变被动的学习为主动的学习,态度不同,学习的效果就有天壤之别。 美国的课堂气氛非常活跃,学生可以随时打断老师的讲课并提问。虽然有些问题看起来非常简单,但老师都会认真解答。而有的问题则非常尖锐,学生甚至可对老师的观点进行反驳。课程作业一般要求学生对现行政策或评估方法进行批判性的论述。美国高校老师对学生的课程报告或者课程设计的评阅多以鼓励为主:对思维独特、见解不一般的学生大加褒扬;即使一些学生的报告刚刚过关,老师也可以从报告中找到文章的亮点予以鼓励。这些鼓励极大地增强了学生的自信心,并可明白自己报告中存在的问题。 美国的教育体制更看重学生的全面,看重学生与人沟通、交流等社交活动的能力,培养学生的团队意识;而国内学生更看重的是考试成绩和自我发展、提高方面,团队意识不强。 美国高等教育重视信息素养能力标准,要求每一个学生在学习的过程中能够主动学习,通过各种渠道来搜索信息,确定实际而全面的计划,有条不紊地自我吸纳知识。美国高校专业的信息素养教育重在培养学生有高度的责任感、社会感、自我管理能力,具有一定的道德素养,成为一个有信息素养的人。 由于教育体制不同,中国学生主动学习的意识较差,高校大学生的外语、机、基本的信息检索技能不如美国学生,不知道如何学习,形成自己的新观点,制定

中美教师灰姑娘教学差异

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中美家庭教育对比整理

1. Family Education. At present, the majority of family educational expert consider that family education can be divided in narrow and broad sense. Generalized family education indicates that family members teach each other in their daily life. In a narrow sense, it indicates that the elder members (especially for parents) of a family teach younger in their daily life. Family education as one part of family, school and society education has an irreplaceable meaning to other two educations. Family education is not only attaching importance to the health of children, but also their mental health which makes them more adaptable to competitive society in the future. More often than not, education is also an interaction between children and parents which means that they both be educated during the process of it. 2.1The Feature of Chinese Family Education. First, Chinese parents usually charge of whole things of their kids to make them have enough time to study. Especially for those parents who have only child provide them anything what their kids need. There is also a new phenomenon that we can see most of elementary school students have mobile phones, digital camera, MP5 which are top grade cons umer goods. It’s detrimental to develop children’s independent ability and imperceptibly make them spend freely on money which given by their parents. A lot of Chinese parents only pay attention to their kids’ basic necessities of life but not their inner mind which easily make them have mental or moral character problems. In the meantime, it’s easy to make their kids have personality defect and lose ability of living all by themselves. Therefore, this kind of education is absolutely unreasonable and lack short of scientific. Second, the matters of family education one-sided emphasize test score. Chinese parents only attach importance to intelligent development of their kids but seldom evenly conduct the education of morality, intelligence, physique and art to their children. So that it’s the main cause of uneven in development of Chinese students’ integral ability. We also see a phenomenon that a lot of only children are high intelligent, vulnerable and sensitive. But in the fields of developing intelligence of children, Chinese parents only care for their result of ability of memory, comprehension and computational problem. On the contrary, innovation-oriented society is pressed for practical ability and creative ability. Third, Chinese parents always regard their kids as private property. They are concerned more about face-saving than their kids. They deserve their kids are their own and have right to control the children’s behavior. When their kids betray their orders, they also use their dignity or effect violence to their children but do not know it is illegal. They believe the concept of family education needs violence sometime to their naughty behavior. Furthermore, Chinese parents also think if they love their kids, whatever methods of expression, the kids should accept it and unconditional comply with it. As the times passes, the children would not like to communicate with their parents who will not be told by their kids when they have something mental problems.

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毕业论文 中国和美国高等教育之间的差异 The Differences of Higher Education between America and China

Abstract H igher education is an important approach to cultivate talented person. Different countries have different system of higher education. This paper aims at discussing the differences of higher education between China and America, and it not only puts forward the contrast analysis on the social environment, cultural tradition, education system and graduates ‘ability between China and America, but also analyzes the differences of the education reform measures between these two countries. Key words: Higher education; Difference; America; China

中文摘要 高等教育是培养人才的重要手段。不同国家拥有不同体制的高等教育。本文旨在讨论中、美两国高等教育的差异,它不仅提出了中、美两国社会环境和文化传统,教育制度和毕业生能力的对比分析,还分析了这两个国家教育改革措施的差异。 关键词:高等教育;不同; 美国;中国

浅析中美高等教育体制差别

浅析中美高等教育体制差别 一、引言 在许多家长的眼里,中国的教育体制(包括高等教育)存在的问题太多,教育专家们纷纷给出各自的改革方案,尤其是向美国学习的呼声渐高。然而,美国的教育专家们也在研究本国的教育体制问题,借鉴亚洲教育经验。在教育过程中,受不同的文化传统的影响,教育参与者的思维方式和行为方式呈现出差异化,必然形成不同的教育模式。而在当今信息的时代、变革的时代,任何教育模式都存在适应性问题。教育特别是高等教育对各项事业的快速发展具有引领和推动作用,各国都十分重视高等教育的发展。从世界大学排名来看,美国一流大学在数量和质量上均领先于全世界。中国高等教育经过211工程教育振兴行动计划以及985工程的实施,也实现了跨越式的发展,但是与世界一流大学相比,还存在着一定的差距。因此,比较分析不同的高等教育模式特别是中美高等教育模式,博采众长,融贯中西,对推动高等教育体制改革具有重大现实意义。 二、比较与分析 (一)教育理念差异巨大 一个国家的高等教育制度的形成和发展,都与这个国家的文化传统有着必然的联系,同时,不同的高等教育制度体现着不同的文化传统和文化特色。因此,受文化传统以及教育传统的影响,中美在高等教育理念诚如诸多教育专家学者研究所说,确实存在着很大不同。一般

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中美大学教育差异

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中美大学生差异性对比

The differences of the university students between China and America ①American higher education was considered as the best education in the world. Comparing the elementary education between American and China, people's universal view will be: China's elementary education aims to build the foundation of education with more study and less thought; while US's education aims to bulid such an education to raise the creativity with less study and more thought. Now Chinese students are generally regarded as intalents with few intelligence and high scores. ②What causes for such a view? Because the Chinese students study more, actually pay little attention to the practice, and cannot study for the purpose of application. Therefore, it is very important for Chinese higher education to cultivate the idea of unifying the study and prctice. ③What does the education in China and America pay more attention to? US's education pays more attention to raise student's self-confidence,independence,spirit of supporting oneself, but China's education emphases on training the students to be strict,rigorous spiritual. Obviously, Chinese education may fruitfully develop and ultilize the function of cerebrum, but US’s higher education could expand the function of cerebrum by ultilizing and synthesizing the information outside. The American higher education system is extremely diverse and flexible, which is solo in the world higher education; In China, the student may choose the specialty according to own interest and hobby, but change of specialty in the school is not easy, and transformation of school is more difficult. When American school inspects the result of student, they emphasize more on the ability to analyze and solve the question but not the ability of memory or description. The American students don’t need the mechanical memorizing, but display creative thought as far as possible; This can cultivate student's study interest, raise the ability of doing it by themselves and make the study be one kind of creative action. Many teachers still adopted old teaching ways in the Chinese universities, thus take a test which needs mechanical memorizing.

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