Culture Shock

Unit 1 Culture Shock and the Problem of Adjustment in New Cultural Environments

Kalvero Oberg

1 Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.

2 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations* when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.

3 Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad- minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the dis comfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad." When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the fore18ner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.

4 Some of the symptoms of culture shock arc excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long term residents of one's own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin;

and finally, that terrible longing to be back home.

5 Individuals differ greatly in the degrees in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. However; those who have seen people go through

culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in

the process. During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated

by the new. They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak

their 1anguage and are polite and gracious to foreigners. This honeymoon

stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months, depending on

circumstances. If one is very important, he or she will be shown the show

places, will be pampcred and petted, and in a press interview will speak

glowingly about goodwill and international friendship.

6 But this mentality does not normally last if the foreign visitors

remains abroad and has seriously to cope with real conditions of life.

It is then that the second stage begins, characterized by a hostile and

aggressive attitude toward the host country. This hostility evidently

grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the

process of adjustment. There are house troubles, transportation troubles,

shopping troubles, and the fact that people in the host

country are largely indifferent to all these troubles. .They help, but

they don't understand your great concern over these difficulties.

Therefore, they must be insensitive and unsympathetic to you and your

worries. The result, “I just don't like them.” You become aggressive,

you band together with others from your country and criticize the host

country, its ways, and its people. But this criticism is not an objective

appraisal. Instead of trying to account for the conditions and the

historical circumstances which have created them, you talk as if the

difficulties you experience are more or less created by the people of the

host country for your special discomfort.

7 You take refuge in the colony of others from your country which often

becomes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels known as

stereotypes. This is a peculiar kind of offensive shorthand which

caricatures the host country and its people in a negative manner. The

“do ll ar grasping American”and the "indolent Latin Americans" are

samples of mild forms of stereotypes. The second stage of culture shock

is in a sense a crisis in the disease. If you come out of it, you stay;

if not, you 1eave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown.

8 If visitors succeed in getting some knowledge of the language and

begin to get around by themselves, they are beginning to open the way into the

new cultural environment. Visitors still have difficulties but they take a

“this is my problem and I have to bear it” attitude. Usually in this stage

visitors take a superior attitude to people of the host country. Their sense

of humor begins to exert itself. Instead of criticizing, they joke about the

people and even crack jokes about their own difficulties. They are now on the

way to recovery.

9 In the fourth stage, your adjustment is about as complete as it can be.

The visitor now accepts the customs of the country as just another way of living.

You operate within the new surroundings without a feeling of anxiety, although there are moments of social strain. Only with a complete grasp of all the cues of social intercourse will this strain disappear. For a long time the individual will understand what the national is saying but is not always sure what the national means. With a complete adjustment you not only accept the food, drinks, habits, and customs, but actually begin to enjoy them: When you go home on leave, you may even take things back with you; and if you leave for good, you generally miss the country and the people to whom you became accustomed.

New Words

1.1 ailment n．轻微的病，小病

1.2，symptom n．症状，病症

2.1．precipitate [pri‵sipiteit] vt.突然陷入，引起

2.2．intercourse n．交际，往来

2.3．cue [kju:]n．提示，暗示，现象

2.4．orient vt.使……适应，调整

2.5．norm n．标准，规范一

3.1．prop n．支柱，支撑物

3.2．frustration n．挫折，失意

3.3．grouse [graus]vi．发牢骚，抱怨

4.1．eruption n．疹子

5.1．gracious adj.和蔼可亲的

5.2．pamper vt.纵容，使……满足

6.1．mentality n．精神，智力

6.2．hostile adj.敌视的，对……不友好的

6.3．aggressive adj.过分的，攻击的‘

6.4．appraisal n．估价，评价

7.1．stereotype n．陈规老套，陈词滥调

7.2．caricature vt.使……变得滑稽，歪曲

7.3．indolent adj.懒惰的，不积极的

Phrases

1.1．thousand and one许许多多的，很多的

6.1．indifferent to对……漠不关心，无所谓

7.1．take refuge避难，躲避

Notes

1．press interview记者采访，新闻采访 2．for good永久，永远

Comprehension

Answer the following questions accordirt8: to your understanding of the article. Your teacher may want you to answer these questions orally, in writing, or by underlining appropriate parts of the text. True/false items are indicated by a T / F preceding a statement.

1. What precipitates culture shock?

2. Oberg outlines four steps in adjusting to a new culture: Describe each

stage and its characteristics.

3; T / F Culture shock can never be cured.

4. T / F We should try to avoid culture shock.

Discussion /Composition

1. Have you ever experienced culture shock? Describe your symptoms. What

advice do you have for people who suffer from culture shock?

2. Using examples; describe the behavior of visitors to your home culture

who suffer from culture shock. I

3. This article deals with the anxiety of visiting another culture. Once

one has adjusted to a foreign culture, however, one may experience “reverse culture shock”upon returning home. What do you think are the symptoms of this related "disease"?

Vocabulary from context

Both the ideas and the vocabulary in the exercise below are taken from “Culture Shock and the Problem of Adjustment in New Cultural Environments." Use the context provided to determine the meanings of the italicized words. Write a definition, synonym, or description of each of the italicized vocabulary items in the space provided.

Exercise 1 '

1. _______________________Illnesses specific to workers in a particular occupation are known as o ccupational diseases. Cultural Shock is an

2._________________________________occupational disease for people who travel. It is precipitated by the anxiety of living in a strange culture.

3. _______________________________Suddenly finding yourself in a strange country can be rather frightening. You lose all of the props that generally

4._______________________support you, all of the familiar cues that provide information

5. _________________________about what to do. Without familiar props and

cues to orient

6. ___________________you in unfamiliar situations it becomes difficult to

cope with life in a new setting. Everything can seem different. You don't

7. ______________________even know how much to tip a cab driver or a waiter

in a restaurant. In this situation, you can lose a sense of logic,

8._________________________developing irrational fear of the local people.

9.__________________________People react differently to visiting different

cultures. People who are very important, like the leaders of a country, will

be treated very carefully. Because they are pampered and

10._________________petted, they may not become uncomfortable. Others may

feel

11. ___________ very uncomfortable and spend their time grousing to

whomever will listen about how unfriendly the natives are.

12. __________________________One symptom of culture shock is the inability

to see the host nationals as real people. Instead one tends to create

13. _________________caricatures, exaggerating the characteristics of the

culture. Perhaps you will decide that your hosts are lazy, and grouse

14. ________about the indolence of the local people. In any event, you may

decided to spend a good deal of time with people from your

15.__________country, and their conversation will become the fountainhead

of

your stereotyping.

Exercise 2

This exercise should be completed after you have finished reading “Culture

Shock and the Problem of Ad justment in New Cultural Environments.” The

exercise is designed to see how well you have been able to use your knowledge

of stems and affixes, and context, to guess the meaning of unfamiliar

vocabulary items. Give a definition, synonym, or description of each of the

words below. The number in parentheses indicates the paragraph in which the

word can be found. Your teacher may want you to do these orally or in

writing. .

l. (l)

transplanted____________________________________________________________ __

2. (2) intercourse

_____________________________________________________________

3. (6)

mentality_______________________________________________________________ __

Figurative Language and Idioms

In the paragraph indicated by the number in parentheses find the phrase that best fits the meaning given. Your teacher may want to read these aloud as you quickly scan the paragraph to find the answer.

1 (3) Which phrase means out of place,not at home?

2. (6). Which phrase means to remain together as a group?

Supplementary Reading

Culture Shock & The Problem Of Adjustment To New Cultural

Environments

(An editorial by Dr. Lalervo Oberg; Anthropologist; Health, Welfare and Housing Division; United States Operations Mission to Brazil)

I would like to make a few remarks about culture shock, a malady which

afflicts most of us to some degree. We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of many people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.

Customs, Cues, Norms

Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs are the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not.

These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which are unconsciously learned.

When an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. No matter how broad-minded or full of good will he may be, a series of props have been knocked from under him. This is followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the discomfort: "the ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad."

For example Americans who are in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.

Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance, everything becomes irrationally glorified. All difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.

Symptoms

Some of the symptoms of culture shock are: excessive concern over cleanliness and the feeling that what is new and strange is "dirty." This could be in relation to drinking water, food, dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants or servants; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one's own nationality; irritation over delays and other minor frustrations out of proportion to their causes; delay and outright refusal to learn the language of the host country; excessive fear of being cheated, robbed, or injured; great concern over minor pains and irruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home, to be in familiar surroundings, to visit one's relatives, and, in general, to talk to people who really "make sense."

Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not common, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries. Those who have seen people go through a serious case of culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process.

The Honeymoon Stage

During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new. They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners. This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months depending on circumstances. If one is a very important person he or she will be taken to the show places, pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about progress, goodwill, and international amity. If he returns home may well write a book about his pleasant if superficial experience abroad.

But this "Cook's tour" type of mentality does not normally last if the foreign visitor remains abroad and has to seriously cope with real conditions of life. It is then that the second stage begins, characterized by a hostile and aggressive attitude towards the host country. This hostility evidently grows out of the genuine difficulty which the visitor experiences in the process of adjustment. There is maid trouble, school trouble, language trouble, house trouble, transportation trouble, shopping trouble, and the fact that people in the host country are largely indifferent to all these troubles. They help but they just don't understand your great concern over these difficulties. Therefore, they must be insensitive and unsympathetic to you and your worries. The result, "I just don't like them." You become aggressive, you band together with your fellow countrymen and criticize the host country, its ways and its people.

This criticism is not an objective appraisal but a derogatory one. Instead of trying to account for conditions as they are through an honest analysis of the actual conditions and the historical circumstances which have created them, you talk as if the difficulties you experience are more or less created by the people of the host country for your special discomfort. You take refuge in the company of your countrymen and this cocktail circuit becomes the fountainhead of emotionally charged labels knows as stereotypes. This is a peculiar kind of shorthand which caricatures the host country and its people in a negative manner.

Stereotypes

The "dollar grasping American" and the "indolent Latin American" are samples of mild forms of stereotypes. The use of stereotypes may salve the ego of someone with a severe case of culture shock but it certainly does not lead to any genuine understanding of the host country and its people. This second stage of culture shock is in a sense a crisis in the disease. If you overcome it you stay, if not, you leave before you reach the stage of a nervous breakdown.

Culture shock is lessened as the visitor succeeds in getting some knowledge of the language and begins to get around by himself. This is the beginning of his adjustment to the new cultural environment. The visitor still has difficulties but he takes a "this is my cross and I have to bear it" attitude. Usually in this stage the visitor takes a superior attitude toward people of the host country. His sense of humor begins to exert itself. Instead of criticizing he makes jokes about the people and even cracks jokes about his or her own difficulties. He or she is now on the way to recovery. And there is still the poor devil who is worse off than yourself whom you can help, which in turn gives you confidence in your ability to speak and get around.

Final adjustment

In the final stage of adjustment the visitor accepts the customs of the country as just another way of living. He can operate within the new milieu without a feeling of anxiety although there are moments of strain. Only with a complete grasp of all the cues of social intercourse will this strain disappear.

For a long time the individual will understand what the national is saying, but he is not always sure what the national means. With a complete adjustment you not only accept the foods, drinks, habits, and customs but actually begin to enjoy them. When you go back home on leave you may even take things back with you and if you leave for good you generally miss the country and the people to whom you have become accustomed.

It might be well to point out that the difficulties which the newcomer experiences are very real. If individuals come to a tropical area from a temperate one they quite often suffer from intestinal disturbances. Strange foods sometimes upset people. In Rio, for instance, water and power shortages are very real. When these physical difficulties are added to those arising from not knowing how to communicate and the uncertainties presented by customs the consequent frustrations and anxieties are understandable.

In the course of time, an individual makes this adjustment. You do what is essential about water, food, and the other minutiae of daily life. You adapt yourself to water and power shortages and to traffic problems. In short, the environment does not change. What has changed is your attitude towards it. Somehow it no longer troubles you, you no longer project your discomforts onto the people of the host country and their ways. You get along under a new set of living conditions.

Your attitude

Another important point worth considering is the attitude of others to a person suffering from culture shock. If you are frustrated and have an aggressive attitude to the people of the host country, they will sense this hostility and in many cases respond in either a hostile manner or try to avoid you. In other words, their response moves from a preliminary phase of ingratiation to aggressive ridicule and on to avoidance.

To your own countrymen who are well adjusted you become somewhat of a problem. As you feel weak in the face of the host country people you tend to wish to increase your dependence on your fellow countrymen much more than is normal. Some will try to help you, others will try to avoid you.

The better your fellow countryman understands your condition the better he is able to help you. But the difficulty is that culture shock has not been studied carefully enough for people to help you in an organized manner and you continue to be considered a bit queer - until you adjust yourself to the new situation.

Although I am not certain, I think culture shock affects wives more than husbands. The husband has his professional duties to occupy him and his activities may not differ too much from what he has been accustomed to. The wife, on the other hand, has to operate in an environment which differs much more from the milieu in which she grew up.

A product of history

In an effort to get over culture shock, I think there is value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual. In addition to living in a physical environment, an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of manmade physical objects, social institutions, and ideas and beliefs.

An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it. There is nothing in a new born child which dictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese, English, or French, nor that he eat with a fork in his left hand rather than in the right, or use chop sticks. All these things the child has to learn. Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which they transmit to their young. The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are, as far as the individual is concerned, beyond his awareness. It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.

As we know, children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment. But once learned, culture becomes a way of life, the sure, familiar, largely automatic way of getting what you want from your environment and as such it also becomes a value.

People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things. This is perfectly normal and understandable. To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism, a belief that not only the culture but the race and nation form the center of the world.

Individuals identify themselves with their own group and its ways to the extent that any critical comment is taken as an affront to the individual as well as to the group. If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me. If you criticize me, you are criticizing my country.

Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics. For instance, if an American does something odd or antisocial in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act, it is now considered a national trait.

Instead of being censured as an individual, his country is censured. It is best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a characteristic of national groups. If a national criticizes some aspect of his own culture, the foreigner should listen but not enter into the criticism.

The study of culture

Specific cultures are products of historical development. Brazil and the United States, for instance, have different cultural origins and different culture histories which account for present day differences.

In this case, however, the differences are not great, both cultures being parts of Western civilization. It might be useful to recognize here that the study of culture per se is not the study of individuals. Psychology is the study of individual personality. Sociology is the study of groups and group behaviors.

The student of culture studies not human individuals but the interrelationships of culture forms like technologies, institutions, idea and belief systems. Hi is interested not so much in the study of culture as such, but its impact upon the individual under special conditions.

Common elements

Any modern nation is a complex society with corresponding variations in culture. In composition it is made up of different ethnic groups, it is stratified into classes, it is differentiated into regions, it is separated into rural and urban settlements, each having its own distinctive cultural characteristics. Yet superimposed upon these differences are the common elements of official language, institutions, and customs which knit it together to form a nation.

These facts indicate that it is not a simple matter to acquaint oneself with the culture of a nation. Similarly the culture of one's own nation is complex. It too, differs by region and class.

Americans, for instance, who go abroad in various governmental and business capacities, are usually members of the middle class and carry the values and aspirations of this class, some of which are an accent on the practical or utilitarian - work as a means to personal success, and suspicion of personal authority.

Accustomed to working in large hierarchical institutions like business corporations, governmental agencies, or scientific foundations which have a life of their own and persist in time, Americans tend to become impersonal. Individuals no matter how able are replaceable parts in these large institutions.

A lack of understanding

An objective treatment of your cultural background and that of your new environment is important in understanding culture shock. There is a great difference in knowing what is the cause of your disturbance and not knowing.

Once you realize that your trouble is due to your own lack of understanding of other people's cultural background and your own lack of the means of communication rather than the hostility of an alien environment, you also realize that you yourself can gain this understanding and these means of communication. And the sooner you do this, the sooner culture shock will disappear.

The question now arises, what can you do to get over culture shock as quickly as possible? The answer is to get to know the people of that host country. But this you cannot do with any success without knowing the language, for language is the principal symbol system of communication.

We all know that learning a new language is difficult, particularly to adults. This task alone is quite enough to cause frustration and anxiety, no matter how skillful the language teacher.

But once you begin to be able to carry on a friendly conversation with your maid, your neighbor, or to go on shopping trips alone, you not only gain confidence and a feeling of power but a whole new world of cultural meanings open up for you. You begin to find out not only what and how people do things but also what their interests are.

These interests people usually express by what they habitually talk about and how they allocate their time and money. Once you know this value or interest pattern it will be quite easy to get people to talk and to be interested in you. When we say people have no interests we usually admit the fact that we have not bothered to find out.

At times it is helpful to be a participant observer by joining the activities of the people. This could be a carnival, a religious rite, or some economic activity. Yet the visitor should never forget that he or she is an outsider and will be treated as such. He should view this participation as role playing.

Understanding the ways of the people is essential but this does not mean that you have to give up on your own. What happens is that you have developed two patterns of behavior.

The source of pain

Finally a word on what your fellow countrymen can do to help you get over culture shock. Persons suffering from culture shock feel weak in the face of conditions which appear insufferable and it is natural for them to try to lean heavily on their compatriots.

This may be irritating to the long-term resident, but he should be patient, sympathetic, and understanding. Although talking does not remove pain, a great deal is gained by having the source explained.

Some of the steps toward a cure have been indicated. With patience and understanding, we can be reasonably sure that time, the great healer, will soon set things right.

新视野大学英语2最新quiz原题+答案

Part 3 Short passages and multiple choice questions (每小题：2 分) Directions: Listen to the following recording, then choose the correct answers to the questions. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the same passage or dialog. 1.What are the man and woman talking about? A. The good sound system of a theater. B. The good and bad points about a horror movie. C. What movies to watch. D. The movies they plan to watch and what they have already watched. 2.Which of the following movies did the man not suggest? A. A science fiction movie. B. A comedy. C. A horror movie. D. A war movie. 3.According to the woman, why does the man want to see a horror movie? A. Because he likes movies that are really violent. B. Because he likes to see monsters. C. Because the girl is crazy about horror movies. D. Because he wants the girl to move closer to him. 4.What did the man do at the sight of a monster moving across the screen? A. He jumped out of excitement. B. He coughed. C. He jumped and screamed. D. He ran out of the theater. 5.What did the man do that annoyed the girl? A. He threw popcorn in the aisle. B. He ate popcorn with a lot of noise.

新视野大学英语(第二)第一册 课后翻译原题及答案

Book 1 课后翻译原题及答案 Unit1 1.对于网络课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习，在回答问题之前他们还可以有时间思考答案。 Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but they can also take time to think through answers before making a reply. 2.学习的想法使她非常兴奋，而他认为网上学习毫无意义和用处。 She is excited by the idea of online learning while be considers it meaningless and useless. 3.与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到许多东西。 Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot. 4. 如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。 Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need. 5. 他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但是她觉得这个要求太过分了。He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her. 6.既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些复习。 Now that we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work. 1. 我永远都不会忘记那位老师，是他告诉我学外语是有趣的、有价值的。如果没有他，我的英语说得不会像现在这样好。I'll never forget the teacher who showed me that learning a foreign language could be fun and rewarding. Were it not for him, I would not be able to speak English as well as I do now. 2 没有任何其他语言能像英语那样让你感受到多姿多彩的世界文化。有了过硬的英语知识，你就可以体验奇妙的文化之旅.No other language lets you experience the cultures of the world like English. With a strong knowledge of the English language, you can have wonderful cultural adventures. 3. 写作不仅仅要写老师布置的话题，而且要写自己感兴趣的东西，例如，给朋友写电子邮件。 Instead of only writing compositions about the subjects that your teacher has given you, do something enjoyable, like writing emails to a friend. 4. 远程教学课程是指授课者与学生通过计算机通信技术进行交流的课程。Distance learning courses are courses in which the instructor communicates with students using computer technology. 5. 英语不但是世界上最有用的语言，也是世界上最易学、易用的语言之一。English is not only the most useful language in the world, but it is also one of the easiest languages to learn and to use. 6远程教学课程在时间安排上给予学生更多的自由，但与其他课程比，这些课程要求学生有更强的自律能力。Distance learning courses give students greater freedom of time management, but these classes require more self-discipline than other classes. Unit2 1.当她就要关掉音乐时，她父亲冲进她的房间，朝着她喊道：“难道你就不能把音乐关小一点？” As she was about to turn off the music, her father burst into he room and shouted at her, “Can’t you turn down the music a little bit?" 2.酒吧老板一直在看那个姑娘跳舞，一面却假装没有看。 The owner of the bar kept watching the girl dancing while pretending not to. 3.桑迪如此喜欢摇滚音乐以至不顾父亲的屏蔽内容而将音量放大。 Rock music appealed to Sandy so much that she turned it up, paying no attention to her father’s objection. 4.像往常一样，当他的父母不喜欢他的穿着时，便开始唠叨他。 As usual, when his parents don’t like what he wears, they start bugging him. 5.在会上，他们讨论了如何保持师生间的沟通渠道畅通。 At the meeting they discussed how to keep the lines of communication open between teachers and students. 6.一想到这些年幼的男孩和女孩被父母强迫沿街讨钱我就生气。It makes my blood boil to think of these young boys and girls who are forced by their parents to beg for money along the streets. 1. 我认为那些在镇上游手好闲、在身上又文身又穿洞的青少年是在表达他们的个性。I suppose teenagers walking around town with tattoos and piercings all over their bodies are expressing themselves. 2. 因特网提供了一种更快捷的方式，让我们与全球的新老客户取得联系，并保持沟通渠道畅通无阻。The Internet gives us a faster way to reach new and existing customers around the world and to keep the lines of communication widely open. 3. 父母与自己十多岁的孩子的沟通问题不仅仅在于“代沟”，而且还在于双方都不完全理解对方的思想。The problem of communication between parents and their teenage children does not only lie in the "generation gap", but also in the fact that neither side fully understands the ideas of the other side.

新视野大学英语quiz答案quiz

1. When she heard the news of the death of her son in the terrorist attack in New York, the mother broke down and . (Suggested first letter(s): w ) 2. I was determined that I would not or make the parting harder for him, and I managed to say goodbye to him without tears. (Suggested first letter(s): w ) 3. Early signs of a disease are usually , so we very often fail to pay any attention and go to see a doctor in good time. (Suggested first letter(s): unno ) 4. The small question marks could have been made in other ways, and are hardly anyway. (Suggested first letter(s): no ) 5. One quality of American art life is the link between art historical teaching and criticism, which is not so common elsewhere. (Suggested first letter(s): no ) 6. Her explanation for being away was obviously a lie, but he it whole and said nothing. (Suggested first letter(s): sw ) 7. So your pride and prejudice and don't make an enemy of your own friends. (Suggested first letter(s): sw ) 8. Doctors say that since air travelers are in no condition to work after crossing a number of time , they should go straight to bed on arrival. (Suggested first letter(s): zo )

Culture Shock

UNIT 6：Culture Shock |文化冲击| Kalervo Oberg We might almost call culture shock an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments it has its own cause, symptoms, and cure. 1 我们不妨把文化冲击称为突然置身国外的人们所得的职业病。和大部分疾病一样，这种病有其独特的起因、症状和疗法。 Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. These signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situations of daily life: when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to give orders to servants, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These cues which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for

新视野大学英语quiz 8 答案

A. He does not want to eat GM food. B. He wants GM food labeled. C. He does not care if GM food is labeled. D. He agrees with the woman. A. She agrees with the man. B. GMO spreads diseases. C. GM fish are abnormally large. D. Trees grow too fast.

A. She wants the man to go to the meeting. B. She wants the man to pick up the children. C. She wants to clone the man. D. She does not want a clone of the man. A. Evolution is more efficient than lab experiments. B. Evolution is less efficient than lab experiments. C. Evolution produces better strains. D. Lab experiments produce more strains. A. The woman wants to be coaxed to clone herself. B. Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder. C. Love is blind. D. The man wants copies of the girl through cloning.

新视野大学英语(第二版)读写教程2 -课后翻译习题

Unit1 1、她连水也不愿喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。（much less） She wouldn't take a drink much less would she stay for dinner. 2、他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。（whereas） He thought I was lying to him,whereas I was telling the truth . 3、这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎么解释？（account for） How do you account for the fact that you have been late everyday this week. 4、他们的利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。（due to） The increase of their profits is due partly to the their new market strategy. 5、这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率的提高。（result in） Such measure are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency 6、我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。（pour into） We have to carry on because we have already poured a lot of time and energy into this project 1.I don’t think that he would commit robbery ,muchless would he commit Violent robbery. 我认为他不会抢劫,更不用说暴力抢劫了. 2. Men earn ten dollars an hour on average ,whereas women only seven dollars. 男工平均工资每小时10美元,而女工才每小时7美元. 3.Once the balance in nature is disburbed ,it will result in a number of unforeseeable effect. 自然界的平衡一旦遭到破坏,就会带来很多不可预知的影响. 4.The final examinati on is close at hand ; you ‘d better spend more time reading. 期终考试迫在眉睫,你最好多花点时间看书. 5.What is interesting is that consumers find it increasingly difficult to dientify the nationality of certain brands. This is due partly to globalization and partly to changes in the location of production. 有趣的是,消费者发现越来越难以辨别某些品牌的原产国.其部分原因来自于全球化带来的影响,部分原因是由于产地的变化. 6.A recent survey showed that women account fot 40percent of the total workforce. 最近一次调查表明,妇女占总劳动力的40%. Unit3 1、你再怎么有经验，也得学习新技术。 You are never too experienced to learn new techniques. 2、还存在一个问题，那就是派谁去带领哪里的研究工作。（Use an appositional structure) There remains one problem,namely ,who should be sent to head the research there. 3、由于文化的不同，他们的关系在开始确实遇到了一些困难。 There relationship did meet with some difficulty at the beginning because of cultural differences. 4、虽然他经历浮沉，但我始终相信他总有一天会成功的。 Though he has had ups and downs ,I believed all along that he would succeed someday. 5、我对你的说法的真实性有些保留看法。

新视野大学英语课后习题翻译答案

新视野大学英语（第二版）读写教程2 1至7单元课后翻译答案总结 IA：她连水都不愿意喝一口，更别提留下来吃饭了。 She wouldn’t take a drink , much less would she stay for dinner. 他认为我在对他说谎，但实际上我讲的是实话。 He thought I was lying to him , whereas I was telling the truth. 这个星期你每天都迟到，对此你怎样解释? How do you account for the fact you have been late every day this week？ 他们利润增长的部分原因是采用了新的市场策略。 The increase in their profits is due to their new market strategy. 这样的措施很可能会带来工作效率得提高。 Such measures are likely to result in the improvement of work efficiency. 我们已经在这个项目上投入了大量时间和精力，所以我们只能继续。 We have already poured a lot of time and energy into the project , so we have to carry on. IIA: 尽管她是家里的独生女，他父母也从不溺爱她。 Despite the fact that she is the only child in the family , her parents never baby her .

新视野大学英语 Quiz2

个人测试成绩记录 试卷：视听说教程第二册 编号：Quiz2 试卷满分：100 姓名：学号：班级： 登录：2013-10-23 21:05:04 交卷：2013-10-23 22:18:14 上机地址：180.123.190.185 老师是否已批卷：尚未批卷批卷时间： 图例：Right or marked by instructor Wrong To be marked by instructor Click ONCE on the speaker icon to start listening! 放音结束前请不要离开本页。否则就听不成啦! Part 1 Short dialogs and multiple choice questions (每小题：分) Directions: Listen to the following recording, and then choose the correct answers to the questions you hear. You will hear the recording twice. After the first playing, there will be time for you to choose the correct answers. Use the second playing to check your answers. Questions 1 to 1 are based on the following passage or dialog. 1. A. Security and esteem, but nothing else. B. Only fear, love and sensory pleasure. C. Basic human feelings. D. Advertising principals. Questions 2 to 2 are based on the following passage or dialog. 2.

新视野大学英语book,unit3网上作业读写,听说,答案演示教学

注意事项 Part 1 Cloze (with four choices provided) (每小题：2.5 分) Directions: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank. Questions 1 to 20 are based on the following passage. When I was growing up, I went to Catholic (天主教的) school. Some people think that Catholic schools are 1. for cultivating religious beliefs. However, many Catholic schools concentrate on 2. the behavior of kids who have done poorly in public schools. In public schools there are 3. rules. Rules are plentiful at Catholic schools, and someone is always making sure they are 4. . Most people believe that nuns (修女) are kind women who have 5. their lives to their religion. Our headmaster, Sister Mary Elizabeth, was the meanest woman I 6. met. She smoked and 7. and carried a ruler through the halls. She'd use it to hit students who were not 8. . She even kept an even bigger stick in

新视野大学英语3 Quiz1答案.doc

Part 1 Word Dictation (每小题: 1 分; 满分：10 分) 小题得分对错我的答案客观 1. justice 2. beneath 3.faithful 4. restrain 5. reconcile 6. disguise 7. weekday 8. merry 9. index 10.whistle Part 2 Understanding Short Conversations (每小题: 1 分; 满分：5 分) 1.B A B A D Part 3 Understanding Long Conversations (每小题: 1 分; 满分：5 分) D A B B A Part 4 Understanding Passages (每小题: 1 分; 满分：10 分) C B C C D C C B A

A Part 5 Compound Dictation (每小题: 1 分; 满分：10 分) passed passed occupied occupied aware aware prevous previous take up take up advanced advanced recording recording all of the in his dary All of the thoughts that came to mind got put down in his diary when her husband when her husband stopped his habit of leaving his diary around in places she was tempted to open it and see what information she could find inside she was tempted to open it and see what information she could find inside Part 6 Cloze (with four choices provided) (每小题: 1 分; 满分：20 分) reckon set up revolve Much of accomplished preserve build reconcile admitted wreck a few agreeable communicated blossom naturally realistic drained acknowledge pledging customary Part 7 Skimming and Scanning (Multiple Choice + Blank Filling) (每小题: 1 分; 满分：10 分)

新视野大学英语测试答案

Click ONCE on the speaker icon to start listening! 放音结束前请不要离开本页。否则就听不成啦! Part 1 Understanding Short Conversations (每小题： 分) Directions: In this section you'll hear some short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear. Questions 1 to 1 are based on the following passage or dialog. 1. A. The woman has an angel. B. The woman is a new mother. C. The woman is perfect. D. The woman is like a baby. Questions 2 to 2 are based on the following passage or dialog. 2. A. The baby has to worry a lot about little accidents. B. The man has baby-proofed his home. C. An unsafe home is good for a baby. D. The woman is more worried about her baby.

3. A. People are more similar than different. B. Chinese people seem different to Americans. C. Chinese people are very different from Americans. D. People all around the world try to be honest. Questions 4 to 4 are based on the following passage or dialog. 4. A. Leaving school early to go to college. B. A parent not being supportive about going to college. C. Leaving home with a young son. D. A child leaving the home at a young age. Questions 5 to 5 are based on the following passage or dialog. 5. A. The man has taken tours of Europe. B. The woman is better than normal. C. Mozart was a genius. D. Mozart was better than all others. Questions 6 to 6 are based on the following passage or dialog.

u校园 新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程2 quiz4答案

长篇阅读10题，总分值：20分 Directions：You are going to read a passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Proactive Strategies to Build a Social Life A) A lot of people believe that developing a social life is something that should just happen and develop naturally, without you needing to do anything. I disagree. I think that while this can happen for some folks, in certain stages of their life, it’s not always the case, which is why many of us today lack a fulfilling social life. If you’re in college where you get to hang around lots of other people and you’re naturally a social person, your social circle will develop on its own. But if you’re an accountant working in cubicle all day and you’re kind of shy and don’t go out much, your social life may be seriously deficient. B) In my view, building a social life requires the same active and strategic approach that making money or building a career requires. The approach is based on setting goals and acting on them. Coming from this angle, I want to show you some proactive (积极主动的) strategies to build a social life. C) A fulfilling social life looks differently for different people. Some of us need lots of friends and a large social circle. Some of us are more fond of having just a few friends, but who are very close to us. And some prefer a mix of the two. What is your preference Do you know Take some time to think about this and visualize what your ideal social circle would look like. D) Another aspect to think about is what kind of people you want in your social circle. Do you prefer people who are artistic, or people who are tech-oriented People who are outdoorsy or prefer to be

新视野大学英语-(读写1课后部分答案)

Vocabulary Unit1. 1.Give the chance to show his ability,he regained confidence and began to succeed in school. 2.It is so difficult to explore the bottom of the ocean because some parts are very deep. 3.It was about30seconds before Alex emerged from the water;we were quite scared. 4.We often assume that when other people do the same things as we do,they do them for the same reasons;but this assumption is not always reasonable. 5.There is widespread concern that the rising unemployment may pose a threat to social stability. 6.After a(n)comprehensive physical exam,my doctor said i was in good condition except that my blood pressure was a little high. 7.It is well known that China is a country with rich natural resources and a very big population. 8.Some people believe that the earth can yield enough food to support at least twice its present population. 9.Sam inherited the gift of imagination from his family,but he lacked the driving power to take action. 10.A bee that found honey is able to transmit to other bees the information they need in other to collect the honey. Unit3. 11.To make our companies competitive in the market,we have to be more creative and productive. 12.People are beginning to realize that to transform nature at will is the biggest mistake that man has ever made. 13.It is difficult to conclude,what a(n)typical student does in his spare time because every student has different interests. 14.A month ago i wrote to the store complaining about its bad service,but i haven’t gotten a(n)response yet. 15.Some of your suggestions have been adopted,but other have been turned down as they are not workable. 16.All of a sudden,he lost his interest in engineering,and focused his attention on learning a foreign language. 17.If a company decreases health benefits for its employees,they should increases salaries to compensate the workers. 18.I failed to pass the exam although i had worked very hard.I should analyze the causes of my failure. 19.When you do yoga,try to regulate your breathing.Don’t breathe too fast and make sure you breathe only through your nose. 20.It was difficult to estimate how many people had been wounded in the earthquake. Unit5. 21.The annual conference which i attend every year is going to be held in London in January next year. 22.According to the terms of your contract,you must give three month’s notice if you intend to leave this company. 23.We were honored that so many people of distinction and talent were present to discuss the issues. 24.The local government has been providing substantial support to them,without which they couldn’t have been so successful. 25.The secret agent promised that the information he furnished was obtained from reliable sources. 26.Whether amateur or professional,American football is perhaps the most popular sport in the US.It attracts a total attendance of over40million and is watched by many more millions on television each year. 27.Shops try to meet the DIY(do-it-yourself)fashion by offering consumers parts and hardware which they