第一章船舶概论(带翻译)(船舶电子员英语)
第一章船舶概论
船舶的种类、结构及相关参数
1. The two basic types of cargo ships are____
A.container ships and oi thankers
B.bulk carriers and liquid carriers
C.dry cargo carriers and oil tankers
D.liquid cargo carriers and dry cargo carriers
2. Which is not a liquid cargo carrier in the following ships?____
A. LNG carrier
B.LPG carrier
C.Chemical tanker
D.Ore carrier
3. ___ bulk carrier is the largest bulk cargo ship?
A. Panamax
B.handy-size
C.capsize
D. Suezmax
4. A ship designed for carrying goods requiring refrigeration is called_____ A.REEFER B.RO/RO SHIP
C.CONTAINER
D.TANKER
5. A ship designed to carry trucks and cars which are driven on and off the ship on their own wheels is called a _____ A.reefer B.ro/ro ship
C.container
D.bulk carrier
6 . VLCC stands for_____
A.very large car carrier
B.very large cargo carrier
C. very large crude carrier
D.very large coal carrier
7. Which one is not true?
A. Two main areas of skill are involved in the construction of ship.
B. There are distinct divisions in responsibilities between naval architects and marine engineer
C. Each ship will assume varying proportions according to its type.
D. Ships can be divided into different categories from different perspectives. 8. The structural members of the hull extending in a fore and aft direction are called___
A. frames
B.joiners
C.longitudinal
D.knees
9. If the buoyant force浮力on a ship?s hull is equal to or greater than the displacement tonnage the ship will___ A. require ballast added to only the port side tanks
B.be down by the head
C.sink
D.float
10. The abbrevianon …GM? is used to represent the____
A. height of the metacenter
B.fighting arm
C.righting moment
D.metacentric height
11. The value of GM still remains one meter, meanwhile we can pump the ballast water to___the ship on even keel.
A. make
B.put
C.keep
D.get
12. The stability of a vessel is normally the greatest when all fuel and water tanks are full because the___
A.center of gravity is lowered
B.center of buoyancy is lowered
C. reserve buoyancy is unchanged
D. hull freeboard is increased
13. You may improve a vessel?s stability by____
A. keeping the fuel tanks topped off
B. increasing the free surface effect
C. keeping the fuel tanks at least half full
D. keeping at least one fuel tank empty for slops
14. The distance between the bottom of the hull and the waterline is called____
A. tonnage
B.reserve buoyancy
C.draft
D.freeboard
15. For an upright vessel, draft is the vertical distance between the keel and the____
A. waterline
B. Freeboard deck
C.Plimsoll mark
D.amidship section
16. In dry docking repair ,the hull of a ship will be descaled and repainted thoroughly from the____to deck.
A. keel
B.waterline
C.boardside
D.bridge
17. The space we arrange propelling and other auxiliary machines onboard is called___
A. the engine room
B.he cargo hold
C.the steering gear room
D.the bilge
18. The ship of 70,000 DWT ,the DWT here means____
A. its maximum discharging capacity
B. Its maximum weight
C. The maximum discharging capacity deducting ship?s own weight
D. The maximum cargo weight
19. When a ship in loaded condition floats an arbitrary water line, its displacement is___ to relevant mass of water displaced by the ship.
A.equal
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc4451668.html,rger
C.smaller
D.equivalent
20. The displacement of a ship is___ to the weight, all told,of the relevant loaded ship.
A. larger
B.equal
C.smaller
D.equivalent
21. The trim of a vessel is the___
A. value of the mean draft
B.degree of list
C.amount of roll
D.difference in fore and aft drafts 22. The difference between the starboard and port drafts caused by a transverse shift in weight is ___.
A. list
B.heel
C.trim
D.flotation
23. If your vessel has a starboard list after taking on fuel, you would transfer fuel____
A. to starboard
B.to port
C.forward
D.aft
24. If fuel is burned from only the starboard tanks,the ship will___
A. go down by the head
B. list to starboard
C. trim by the stern
D. list to port
25. Propeller pitch speed minus ship speed divided by the propeller pitch speed is termed____
A. apparent ship
B.tree slip
C.pitch
D.propulsive efficiency
26. In moving forward a ship imparts forward motion to the water at the sterns, this is know as ____
A. the speed of the vessel
B.the speed of the propeller
C.the wake
D.the wake fraction 27. Wake varies considerably with the form of the vessel, but generally speaking the bluffer the ship _____ the wake value
A. the higher
B.the lower
C.the faster
D.the slower
28. We have stayed at Shanghai port for
a long time. The fouling on the ship?s hull greatly increased her ____
A. power
B.speed
C.resistance
D.thrust force
29. Which of the following equipment is not fitted on the bridge?
A. PPI
B.ARPA
C.ECDIS
D.RUDDER POST
30. Which of the following equipment is not in the wheel house？
A. The steering
B.The engine telegraph
C.The main engine tachometer
D.The emergency generator
31. Which is not used when the officer controls the ship?
A. The main engine tachometer
B.The rudder angle indicator
C.The compass repeater
D.The fuel level gauge
32. ECDIS means____
A. Electronic Chart Display Information System
B. Electric CD information Scheme
C. End Chart Digital Information Scheme
D. Engine Chart Display Information Standard
33. ARPA (fitted on the bridge) stands for_____
A. Audio Radio Plotting Aids
B. Automatic Radar Plotting Aids
C. Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
D. Advanced Research Projects Agency
34. In the following statements about the functions of bridge group switch board, the incorrect one is_____
A. to control and monitor the navigation and signal lights
B. To remote start and stop the motors of steering gear
C. To give ship general alarm
D. To start generator diesels
轮机常识
主推进动力装置：
34.The diesel engine is a type of _____.
A. turbine engine
B. gas turbine
C. steam engine
D. internal combustion engine
。36. Since the burning or combustion takes place within the engine itself, the engine is know as _____
A. a fire -tube boiler
B.an internal combustion engine
C.an external combustion engine
D.an internal combustion generator
37. ________ the engines, the diesel engine is_____used engine on board .
A. Between/more commonly
B.Among/the most commonly
C. Between/not more commonly
D.Among /not the most commonly
38. Diesel engines instead of steam engines used as main-engine on board ships is mainly because____
A. they have a high mechanical efficiency B they have a high thermal efficiency
C.they are more reliable
D.they need less space
39. ____,so they are widely used on board ship nowadays.
A. Diesel engines have more advantages in comparison with gasoline engines
B. The diesel engine have more advantages in comparison to the gasoline engines
C. Gasoline engines have more advantages in comparison with diesel engines
D. The gasoline engine have more advantages in comparison to the diesel engine
40. Propulsion of the vast majority of contemporary merchant ships(especially containerships and VLCC) utilized ____ as prime mover.
A. gas turbine
B.diesel engine
C.steam engine
D.gasoline engine
41. The abbreviation “M/E” is used to represent the____
A. measure equipment
B.main electrical
C.my engine
D.main engine
42. We call a ship equipment with a diesel engine as main engine ____
A. a tug boat
B.a salvage ship
C.an oil tanker
D.a motor vessel
43. The slow speed main propulsion diesel operates on two-stroke cycle. At this low speed the engine requires no reduction gearbox-between it and____ A. thrust block B.propeller
C.flying wheel
D.rudder
44. The term medium speed diesel engine is currently taken to mean an engine with an operating rotational speed of ____ rpm
A. below 300
B.ablow 1200
C.between 300 to 1200
D.below 1200
45. The majority of medium speed and high speed marine diesel engines for main or auxiliary drive operate on the ____cycle
A. two-stroke
B.four-stoke
C.long-stroke
D.short-stroke
46. The diesel works as the prime mover of a modern large vessel (such as the VLCC) is usually of_____type.
A.2 stroke middle-speed
B.2 stroke low-speed
C.4 stroke high-speed
D.4 stroke low-speed
47. Owing to its___, the low speed cross-head diesel engine is widely used on board ship as a main engine.
A.smaller size and simple construction
B.long life, lower cost and higher reliability
C.easier operation and management
D.simple construction and easier management
48. Typical marine propulsion plants include _____directly coupled to the vessel?s single large-diameter, fixed-pitch propeller.
A. a singe, long-stroke,slow-speed,turbocharged, two-stroke diesel engine
B. A singe, long-stroke,medium-speed,turbocharged ,four-stroke diesel engine
C. Two medium-speed,turbocharged,four-stroke diesel engine
D. A variable-speed AC generator
49. The vessel is driven by an FPP, so its main engine must____
A. run at a fixed speed
B.run at a controllable speed and be reversible
C.run continuously
D.run at a higher speed
50. The marine diesel engine is a type of diesel engine used on ships. The____ of its operation is not very difficult to understand.
A. principle
B.principal
C.cause
D.case
51. ____is a source of power by which the diesel engine may operate.
A. Water energy
B.Electrical energy
C.Chemical energy
D.Heat energy
52. As a heat engine, ____ energy is the source of power of power by which the diesel engine can be operated
A. electric
B.heat
C.mechanical D,exhaust
53. The thermal energy produced by an internal combustion engine is transformed into ____
A. combustion energy
B.internal energy
C.external energy
D.mechanical energy
54. Diesel engines are classified as reciprocating internal combustion engines because they ____
A. use energy from fuel burned outside their cylinders
B. Burn fuel in a combustion chamber that moves back and down
C. Burn fuel in a chamber where its energy moves a piston up and down
D. Use a continuous combustion process to impart rotary motion to the pistons 55. The heart of the diesel engine is the ___ where the fuel is burnt and the power developed.
A. crankcase
B.cylinder
C.scavenge box
D.pistons
56. The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot high pressure air in a____
A. air bottle
B.air compressor
C.crank case
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc4451668.html,bustion chamber
57. ___into the cylinder because no fuel can burn ____it.
A. air must be admitted/without
B.oil must be injected/without
C.air must be admitted/with
D.oil must be injected/with
58. A charge of fresh air is drawn into the engine cylinder and then ____ by the moving piston ____very high pressure.
A. pressed/to
B.pressurized/with
C.pushed/in
D. compressed/to
59. When____is compressed, its temperature rises so that it ignites the fine spray of fuel injected into the cylinder
A. the oil
B. the air
C. the fresh water
D. the steam
60. Why is it necessary to compress the air charge in the cylinders of a diesel engine?
A. To ignite the fuel
B.To insure pumping losses are held to a minimum
C.To increase fuel consumption
D.To keep exhaust temperature low 61. Fuel injected into a diesel engine?s cylinder is ignited by ____
A. the heat of compressed fuel/air mixture in the cylinder
B.the fuel igniter
C.the fuel injector
D.the fuel pump
62. The ignition of the fuel in diesel engine is caused by the ___ of compression of their previously admitted into the cylinder.
A. vacuum pressure
B.specific gravity
C.heat
D.viscosity
63. The burning of the fuel adds more heat to the air charge ,causing it to expand and force the engine piston to do work on the ____which in turn drives the ship?s propeller.
A. crank-pin
B.crankshaft
C.crankcase
D.camshaft
64.The piston moving up and down keeps the crankshaft____.
A. to revolve
B.revolved
C.revolving
D.to be revolved
65. When the piston is pushed down, it forces the engine to do work on the crankshaft which in turn drives ___. A.the ship?s rudder B.the ship?s propeller
C.the turning gear
D.the thrust bearing
66. The linear motion of a diesel engine piston is converted to the rotary motion required to drive gears, propeller shafts, and generators by the____
A. flywheel
B.crankshaft
C. journal bearings
D.camshaft
67. The rotary motion of a diesel engine crankshaft is obtained from the up and down motion of the piston via the____ A. camshaft B.reduction gears C.rocker arm D.connecting or piston rod
68. Theoretical perfect combustion in a diesel engine yields by-products of_____
A. aldehydes and carbon dioxide
B.water vapor and carbon monoxide
C.nitrogen and carbon monoxide
D.water vapor and carbon dioxide
69. The working cycle of a four-stroke diesel engine consists of four events ;①compression;②expansion；
③exhaust;④suction .The correct sequence is ____
A. ④-②-③-①
B.④-③-①-②
C.④-③-②-①
D.④-①-②-③
70. The four stroke are called suction ,compression , expansion and exhaust ,but only___stroke provides the power to drive the ship
A. suction
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc4451668.html,pression
C.expansion
D.exhaust
71. With four-stroke engine ,it takes _____to make one power stroke
A. one propulsion
B.two propulsions
C.two revolutions
D.one revolution
72. With four-stroke engines, it takes four revolutions of the crankshaft to make ___ power stroke
A.1
B.2
C.4
D.8
73. For a given size engine , a two-stroke diesel engine will deliver more power than a four-stoke diesel engine because____
A. it has a longer power stroke
B. More air gets into the cylinder each stroke
C. It develops twice as many power strokes at the same speed
D. Higher combustion pressure is developed
74. A slow-speed two-stroke diesel is usually arranged to operate continuously on heavy fuel oil and has available a ___ supply for manoeuvring conditions
A. lubricating oil
B.diesel oil
C.residual oil
D.hydraulic oil
75. The successful operation of any engine or machine and ____ depend on effective lubrication.
A. their no trouble period
B.their freely trouble period
C.its free trouble life
D.its trouble-free life
76. The function of lubricating oil is to ___
A. reduce friction between moving surfaces
B. Provide even distribution of bearing wear
C. Reduce the accumulation of harmful detergents
D. Maintain a constant oil temperature output at each bearing
77. Heat energy is a source of power, but___will cause damage to the engine A. excessive heat B.insufficient heat
C.effective cooling
D.high output
78. Large marine diesels of crosshead construction generally have two systems of lubrication, ____ for cylinder and ___ for the running gear and cooling the pistons
A. a circulating system/a total loss system
B.a total loss system/a circulating system
C.an opened system/a closed system
D.a closed system/an opened system
79. Cooling enables the engine metals___their mechanical properties A. to retain B.to remain C.to maintenance D.to have
80. If a kind of liquid is used to cool the diesel engine, it is invariably called _____
A. lubricant
B.coolant
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc4451668.html,bustion product
D.second refrigerant
81. Sea water is not directly used as a coolant for engines because of its____ A. low specific heat B.corrosive action
C.high expense
D.acid property
82. In motor-ship there are two main cooling circuits, ___
A. one salt water ,one fresh water
B. one salt water , one fuel
C. one fresh water,one fuel
D. one steam,one fuel
83. The diesel engine must be started before it can run by itself. For this purpose ___ has to be used
A. a starting system
B.the starting air
C.a starting operation
D.A,B and C
84. Diesel engines are started by supplying ___into the cylinders in the appropriate sequence for the required direction
A. fuel oil
B.diesel oil
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc4451668.html,pressed air
D.jacket water
85. A marine diesel engine is started by___
A. supplying high pressure oil into a hydraulic motor
B. Supplying high temperature air into the cylinder
C. Supplying high pressure air into the cylinder
D. Electrical igniting
86. The starting air system of an engine on board usually has interlocks in order to ______
A. Ensure a successful shutting down at emergency conditions
B. Ensure a successful starting at emergency conditions
C. Prevent the engine from starting at some abnormal conditions
D. Prevent the engine from starting at emergency conditions
87. Electrically operated safety devices on auxiliary diesel engines function to stop the engine by ___
A. increasing the volume of intake air
B.shutting off the fuel supply
C.increasing the engine back pressure
D.over-speeding the engine
88. An over - speed safety device is usually fitted to a generator engine for ____in the event of over-speed
A. cutting power off the engine
B. increasing the fuel pump setting
C. breaking the crankshaft
D. stabilizing the ship speed
89. The governor of a generator engine is to____
A. make the engine stop
B. Regulate the timing of camshafts
C. Make the rpm stabilize at any required value
D. Make the engine run at nearly constant speed
90. We can control the speed of the engine by ____the quantity of oil supplied
A. exchanging
B.regulating
C.adjusting of oil supplied
91. A governor automatically controls the output speed by ____
A. fuel supply
B.firing order
C.engine load
D.oil level
92. On most diesel engines, The governor controls the output speed by____
A. controlling the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders
B. Varying the speed of the turbocharger
C. Adjusting the compression ratio
D. Changing the timing of the fuel injection camshaft
93. The governor controlling a diesel engine modulates crankshaft RPM by adjusting the____
A. intake air supply
B.turbocharger speed
C.fuel injection pumps
D.engine speed droop
94. When the engine speed slows down the governor will ___the engine fuel pump setting
A. increase
B.reduce
C.keep
D.none of the above
95. The tachometer of main engine is mainly connected to the ____of the main engine.
A. stern shaft
B.turning gear
C.crank shaft
D.flying wheel
96. The ____is a device used in the overhaul of main engine such as drawing out piston and changing cylinder
A. deck crane
B.overhead crane
C.provision and spare parts crane
D.boat davit
97. The development goals for a large marine engine are many often interact and in some cases even ____ with each other
A. conflict
B.accord
C.harmonize
D.struggle
98. To meet the market requirements, a marine diesel engine should not be of____
A. big size
B.fuel economy
C.low speed
D.high power
99. The____on a ship transmits power from the main engine to the propeller.
A. automatic control system
B.speed regulating system
C.transmission system
D.chain system
100. The transmission system transmitting power from the engine to the propeller is composed of shafts,bearings, and ___
A.propeller
B.flying wheel
C. main engine
D. Crankshaft 101. The different items in the transmission system consist of_____ A. the thrust shaft B. one or more intermediate shafts
C. the tail-shaft
D. A,B and C
102. What is the function of the thrust bearing?
A. Prevents lateral movement of the slow speed gear
B. Transmits propeller thrust to the hull
C. Keeps spring bearings in line
D. Prevents main reduction gear axial movement
103. The function of the thrust block is to transfer the thrust from the propeller to___
A. the tail-shaft
B. ahead and astern thrust
C. the main propulsion engine
D. the hull of the ship
104. The thrust block ___the thrust from the propeller to the hull of the ship
A. conducts
B. fits
C. transfers
D. Carries
105. The propeller screws through the water in much the same way ____ a bolt screws through it
A. like
B. alike
C. as
D. Lowly
106. A propeller, in order to operate efficiently , must rotate at a relatively ___ speed
A. high
B. low
C. fast
D. lowly
107. In reducing engine speed to an efficient propeller speed by the use of reduction gears, ___
A. speed and torque are both reduced
B. speed is reduced and torque remains unchanged
C. speed is reduced and torque is increased
D. speed is sometimes unchanged while torque is increased
108. A diesel engine is operating at 1800RPM and driving a propeller at 600RPM. What is the speed reduction ratio?
A. 0.30 to 1
B. 3.00 to 1
C.
3.33 to 1 D. 33.0 to 1
109. The propeller consists of a ___ with several blades of helicoidal form attached to it
A. shaft
B. boss
C. wheel
D. Lever
110. ____ is made up of a boss with separated blades mounted into it
A. A variable pitch propeller
B.
A variable pitch nut
C. A fixed pitch propeller
D.
A fixed pitch screw
111. ____of the controllable pitch propeller enables the blades to be moved to change the pitch angle
A. An external mechanism
B. An internal mechanism
C. An interlock device
D.
A hunting gear system
112. A controllable pitch propeller on a diesel driven vessel eliminates the need for ____
A. friction clutches
B. disconnect clutches
C. reversing gears
D. reduction gears
113. Vessel propeller are classified as being right hand or left hand. A right hand propeller turns clockwise when viewed form _____
A. the bow
B. the stern
C. the port side
D. the starboard side 114. When viewed from astern, if the propeller revolves in a clockwise direction when going ahead, it is known as_________
A. ahead direction
B. astern direction
C. right-handed
D. left-handed
船舶辅助设备
1 船用锅炉
115. In a _____ boiler the hot gases from the furnace pass through the tubes while the water is on the outside.
A. water-tube
B. fire-tube
C. exhaust gas
D. none of the above 116. In a _____ boiler the water flows though the inside of the tubes while the hot gases pass around the outside.
A. water-tube
B. fire-tube
C. exhaust gas
D. none of the above 117. W.H.R stands for_____
A. Water Head Register
B. Water Heater Re-circulating
C. Waste Heat Recovery
D. Water Handle Reference
118. In motor ship, ______ is often used to recover some of the heat carried in the exhaust gases from the main engine. A. an diesel oil heater B. a waste heat boiler
C. a fresh water generator
D. all the above
119. The exhaust boilers are used to recover some of ____ carried in the exhaust gas from the main engine.
A. water
B. oil
C. heat
D. Steam
120. A ______ boiler is an auxiliary boiler sometimes included in a steamships installation for supplying steam to auxiliaries in port
A. monkey
B. donkey
C. waste heat
D. Main
121. At normal sea going, we use____ instead of donkey boiler
A. a heater
B. a pre-heater
C. an exhaust-gas boiler
D. the coal burning boiler
2 船用泵及泵系
122. A(n) ___ is a device which adds to the energy of a liquid or gas causing an increase in its pressure and a movement of the fluid.
A. pump
B. engine
C. turbine
D. Boiler
123. Some of the energy fed into the pump will be dissipated as ______ due to mechanical inefficiencies, the remainder will be converted into pressure rise and fluid velocity.
A. hydraulic head
B. static head
C. heat energy
D. Steam
选C
124. Before liquid can flow into a pump , the air in the suction line must be ____ sufficiently to cause the liquid to flow into the suction chamber
A. filled
B. evacuated
C. compressed
D. Charged
125. which of the following statements about pump operations is NOT a correct statement?
A. In order for a fluid to be pumped, a fluid must be made to flow
B. A substance must be cold in order for it to be pumped
C. The kinetic energy imparted by the pump can be used to force a liquid through a hydraulic system.
D. A pump must receive its energy from an external source
The pumps employed on board ship can be divided into two main categories, i.e.______ pump and centrifugal pumps.
A.gear
B. non-positive displacement
C. positive displacement
D. Rotary 127. Through a ______ pump , the liquid is transferred from the suction to the discharge by the mechanical variation of the volume of a chamber or chambers.
A. positive displacement
B. ejector
C. centrifugal
D. air compressor
128. A____ pump is that where the volume of the pump chamber is alternately increased to draw the liquid in and then decreased to force the liquid out
A. injector
B.positive displacement
C. centrifugal
D. Centripetal
129. The___ pump discharges a nearly constant amount of liquid regardless of pressure
A. mixed-flow
B. axial-flow
C. centrifugal
D. Displacement 130. A centrifugal pump produces the required pressure energy by means of a rotating ______ provide with vanes. A. propeller B. impeller C. circumference D. Screw 131. Centrifugal pumps are non-positive and a fairly ______ unit
A. low pressure
B. low discharge
C. low speed
D. high pressure 132. A distinguishing feature of an educator, when compared to other pumps, is the __________
A. discharge end being smaller than the suction end
B. small size of impeller
C. lack of moving parts
D. ease at which the wearing rings may be changed
133. A reciprocating pump belongs to____ according to its working principle
A. injector pumps
B. positive displacement pumps
C. centrifugal pumps
D. centripetal pumps
134. Under rotary pumps are the gear, ______ cam-and-piston and screw types A. Reciprocating B. diffuser C. turbine D. Vane
135. The gear，screw, and vane pumps are all classified as _____
A. variable stroke pumps
B. multistage pumps
C. positive displacement pumps
D. triple-ported pumps
136. Under centrifugal pumps are the volute, diffuser, mixed-flow, axial flow and ___ or regenerative types
A. reciprocating
B. hydraulic
C. turbine
D. vane
137. Centrifugal pumps are popular because they are very simple in construction, and produce smooth, constant, ______discharge
A. non-pulsating
B. pulsating
C. positive
D. non-positive 138. Which of the following pumps is used where a relatively high pressure and small capacity are required?
A. V olute pump
B. Diffuser pump
C. Reciprocating pump
D. All of the above
139. In general, ____is suitable for delivering small quantities at high pressure.
A. reciprocating pump
B. gear pump
C. centrifugal pump
D. vane pump
140. _____ are more suitable for large quantities at low pressure
A. Reciprocating pumps
B. Rotary pumps
C. Centrifugal pumps
D. Gear pumps 141. Which of the following pumps belongs to different type?
A. the bilge pump
B. the main sea water pump
C. the general service pump
D. the emergency fire pump
142. A simple pumping system consists of a suction branch, a pump and ______ A. a priming device B. a discharge branch C. a filter D. a suction valve
143. The pipe friction and the resistance will _____ as a result of an increase in the amount of fluid flowing through the system
A. reduce
B. rise
C. raise
D. fall
144. Which of the following statements concerning butterfly valves is correct? A. Special tools are required for lapping or grinding
B. It is impossible to throttle flow with a butterfly valve
C. To close the valve, it is only necessary to turn the handle a quarter of a turn
D. The butterfly valve should never be used in a freshwater system
145. The valve best suited for throttling gas or liquid flow in a pipeline is the ______
A. gate valve
B. globe valve
C. check valve
D. plug cock 146. Strainers, sometimes called _____ are devices designed to prevent the passage of unwanted solids into or further along a system
A. dampers
B. filters
C. stopper circuits
D. separators 147. Which of the filter/strainer units listed permits you to clean the element while leaving the system on the line? A. Simplex B. Duplex C. canister D. bypass
148. The emergency bilge suction or bilge _____ is use to prevent flooding of the ship.
A. injection valve
B. relief valve
C. discharge valve
D. inlet filter 149. Accidental flooding of the engine room bilges by the bilge main is prevented by_______
A. stop-check Valves installed in the bilge suction manifolds
B. using a positive displacement reciprocating bilge pump
C. installing educators in all bilge rose boxes
D. installing a swing check before each bilge valve
150. The various pumps and lines are ____to some extent so that each pump can act as an alternative for another
A. interlocked
B. interconnected
C. interfered
D. interacted 151. _____ system is arranged to ensure that water can be drawn from any tank or the sea and discharged to any other tank or the sea as required to trim the vessel
A. the domestic water
B. Bilge water
C. oil transfer
D. The ballast
152. Which of the following statements describes one of the functions of the ballast system？
A. To permit flooding of any fuel oil storage tank on any class of ship
B. To use it as a secondary service system
C. To store reserve feed or potable water for extended cruises
D. To stabilize the ship by flooding certain designed tanks with seawater 153. Where tanks are arranged for either oil or ballast, ____ must be fitted in the pipeline. A. a change-over chest
B. a head tank
C. a emergency bilge pump
D. an air cooler
154. _______ is use for washing and drinking
A. the ballast system
B. the salt water system
C. the bilge system
D. the domestic system
船舶制冷和空调装置
155. Since heat will not flow freely from a body at a _______ temperature to another at _____ temperature , it is necessary to expend mechanical work , heat ,or electrical energy from external source to achieve refrigeration
A. lower/higher
B. shallower/deeper
C. larger/smaller
D. higher/lower
156. What is the substance called which can readily be converted form a liquid into a vapor, and also form a vapor into liquid with a reasonably narrow range of pressure?
A. Refrigerator
B. refrigerant
C. Cooling medium
D. Brine 157. The principle of mechanical refrigeration is______
A. the conversion of a liquid to a gas
B. the absorption of temperature under heat, pressure, compression and expansion
C. the compression of a liquid under temperature and expansion
D. the absorption of heat under temperature , pressure ,compression and expansion
158.Both the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant are increased in the _________
A. compressor
B. condenser
C. evaporator
D. expansion valve
159.In a compression refrigeration plant the hot, high pressure refrigerant gas is cooled by the sea water and becomes liquid in the ________
A. compressor
B. condenser
C. throttle valve
D. Evaporator 160.A refrigerant gives up heat when it goes through _____
A. condenser
B. regurgitate
C. evaporator
D. boil coil
161.Saltwater is typically provided to a refrigeration system to_______
A. cool the expansion valve
B. prevent refrigerant superheating
C. condense the refrigerant gas
D. prevent motor overheating
162.The thermostatic valve has a throttling action , that is to say the valve can________
A. stop the refrigerant from flowing
B. force the refrigerant to flow
C. cause the refrigerant pressure to rise
D. cause the refrigerant pressure to fall 163.The refrigerant flows through the evaporator , where it ______heat form the refrigerated space
A. extracts
B. releases
C. give no
D. absorbs no
164.The refrigerating agent can _____ at low temperature in the evaporator
A. expand
B. evaporate
C. condense
D. Distill
165.A refrigerant boils and vaporize in the _____ in a compression refrigeration system.
A. liquid receiver
B. compressor
C. condenser
D. cooling coil 166.Air conditioning is the process of treating air to control _____ its temperature, humidity , cleanliness and distribution to meet the comfort requirements.
A.instantaneous
B.instantaneously
C.simultaneous
D. Simultaneously 167.______ is the control of temperature and humidity in a space together with the circulation, filtering and refreshing of the air.
A.Refrigeration
B. Air conditioning
C.Ventilation
D.Heating
168.______ is the circulation and refreshing of the air in a space without necessarily a change of temperature
A.Refrigeration
B. Air conditioning
C.Ventilation
D.Heating
169.One of the functions of ventilation is to _____ the humidity of spaces containing sources of moisture, or to _____ the temperature of spaces not mechanically cooled such as the engine room.
A.increase/reduce
B.reduce/increase
C.increase/increase
D.reduce/reduce 170.Which of the following functions is NOT one of the functions of air conditioner
A.Refreshing the air
B.Making person upset
C.Adjusting the air humidity
D.Adjusting the air temperature
171.The process of removing moisture from air is known as______
A.humidification
B.dehumidification
C.vaporization
D.evaporation
172.The process of adding moisture to air to increase the relative humidity is known as______
A.sublimation
B.desiccation
C.humidification
D. Moisturization 173.Increasing the moisture content of conditioned air is known as _____
A.moisturizing
B.dehumidification
C.dampening
D.humidification
174.The main distribution duct in an air conditioning system which contains the cooling coils and filters is called the ______
A.manifold
B.condenser
C.chamber
D. plenum
175. ______ is used for sensing the temperature of the room in the air condition system
A. An expansion valve
B.An evaporator
C. A thermostat
D.A condenser
176.The humidity of the atmosphere can be determined by the use of the ______ A.anemometer B.potentiometer C.manometer D.psychrometer 177.The_____ only allows for adjustment of temperature in each room by the occupant manually controlling the air volume admitted
A.central air conditioning system
B.high velocity system
C.low velocity system
D.single duct system
船舶防污染设备
178. _____ is NOT pollution prevention equipment
A.Oily water separator
B.Sewage treatment plant
C.Fuel oil separator
D.Incinerator
179.Which one of the following is not generally recognized as one constitute of bilge water
A.Oil leaking from tanks inside engine room
B.Engine room cleaning water
C.Water leaking from the separator sludge tank
D.Sewage water
180._____ are used to ensure that ships don?t discharge oil when pumping out oily water from any oil contaminated space
A.Boiler
B.Incinerator
C.Oily water separator
D.Sewage treatment unit
181.Oil water separators are used to ensure that ships don`t discharge oil when ______ bilge water
A.to pump off
B.being pumped
C.pumping out
D.it pumping out 182 .An oil water monitor is required in order to measure_______
A.the oil content in water
B.the water content in fuel oil
C.the water level in bilge well
D.the oil level in bilge well
183.The oil sludge is burnt in the ______ onboard. I?ll show you the ashes A.boiler B.main engine C.auxiliary engine D.incinerator 184.Which of the following would NOT be burnt in an incinerator on board?
A.Waste oil
B.Waste clothes
C.Oil rags
D.waste food
185.A number of biological sewage treatment plants are in use at sea but nearly all work on the principle called_____
A.deoxygenating
B.extended aeration
C.oxygenation
D.bubbling air
186 .The extended aeration process consists of_____ the liquor either by bubbling air through it or by agitating the surface
A.deoxygenating
B.oxygenating
C. chemicalizing
D.disinfecting
分油机
187. Both fuel oils and lubricating oils require _______ before passing to the engine
A.treatment
B.heating
C.cooling
D.boiling
188.Dirty oil must be______ before being used again
A.mixed with clean oil
B.purified
C.heated
D.strained
189.The separation of impurities and water from _____ is essential for good combustion of diesel engines
A.lube oil
B.fuel oil
C.turbine oil
D.grease
190.What is used to purify water and foreign matters from the fuel oil in the following?
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc4451668.html,pressor
B.Separator
C.Evaporator
D.Fuel pump 191.Which of the substances listed is satisfactorily removed from the fuel by a centrifugal oil purifier
A.Impurities
B.Lube oil
C.Gasoline
D.Diesel fuel 192.A centrifuge arranged to separated two liquids is known as______
A.an oily water separator
B.a purifier
C.a centrifugal compressor
D.a clarifier
193._____ is used to separate two liquids or a liquid and solids as in contaminated oil
A.Oily-water separator
B.purifier
C.clarifier
D.centrifuge
194.When a centrifuge is arranged to separate impurities and small amount of water from oil known as a ______
A.purifier
B.separator
C.filter
D.clarifier
195.When two oil separators are working in series, they should work with_______
A.both as clarifiers
B.first one as clarifier, second one as purifier
C.both as purifiers
D.first one as purifier second one as clarifier
空气压缩机
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc4451668.html,pressed air is used on board ship_______
A.for starting diesel engines
B.in pneumatic control system
C.in pneumatic tools
D.All the above are true
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/dc4451668.html,pressed air is used on board ship for all the following purposes except _____
A.starting diesel engines
B.pneumatic control systems
C.pneumatic tools
D.supercharging air
198.The primary task of the compressed air system is to deliver the stating air necessary for______
A.starting the ME
B.starting the emergency electric alternator
C.driving the main turbine
D.driving the turbocharger
199.The air compressor pumps air to the _____
A.engine cylinder
B.air bottle
C.evaporator
D.condenser
200.The _____stage air compressors are widely used on board the ship
A single
B II
C III
D multiple
海水淡化装置
201. We use _____to distill fresh water from sea water
A .engine B. sea water pump C. cylinder cooler D. fresh water generator
202. _____is the production of pure water by evaporation and re-condensing A .Evaporation B. Circulation C. Condensation D.Distillation [注解] evaporation 蒸发；distillation 蒸馏；pure water 纯水
203. In the production of freshwater form seawater through a process of heating and cooling phase of production is usually called______
A. evaporation
B. distillation 204. The fresh water generator produces fresh water______
A. by cooling sea water
B. by heating sea water
C. by evaporation of sea water
D. by purifying seawater
205. _____water is more expensive than fresh water , It has high specific heat and low viscosity
A. Distilled
B. Distilling
C. Boiling
D. Boiled
[注解] specific heat 比热viscosity 粘度
206. Distilled water is now largely used on board , this may by corrosive （due to presence of dissolved CO2）and ______ to the taste.
A. flat
B. slat
C. sweet
D. acid
[注解] dissolve 溶解flat 淡而无味的
207.When the water produced form most evaporators is supplied for drinking purpose, it must be treated to ensure it is biologically pure and _______
A. slightly acidic
B. slightly alkaline
C. not salty
D. slightly bitter
208. Brine density in a distilling plant is measured with a/an_______ A.psychrometer B.salinometer C.anemometer D. Sphygmomanometer
209. A salinity indicating system functions on the basic principle of measuring the______
A. electrical inductance of water
B. electrical conductivity of water
C. specific gravity of water
D. hydrogenation concentration of water
船舶甲板机械
210. Deck machinery, which is also known as hull machinery, includes all power driven equipment located _______ the machinery spaces that is _________with the main propulsion plant
A .inside/associated
B. inside/not associated
C .outside/associated
D. outside/not associated
211. These include deck machinery such as mooring equipment, anchor handing equipment ,cranes and __________
A. boilers
B. bow thrusters
C. stabilizers
D. hatch covers 212. The most common forms of main drive used on deck auxiliaries are________
A. steam plants, electric motors and compressed air
B. diesel engine, hydraulic machinery and compressed machinery
C. steam plants,electric motors and hydraulic machinery
D. diesel engines, steam plants and hydraulic machinery
213. ________are used for cargo handing
A .Cranes B. Mooring winches C .Windlasses D. Foreman
214.________are used to handle anchors and chains
A .Cargo winches B. Mooring winches C. Windlasses D.Cargo hatches
215. The _________ belongs to the anchor handling equipment
A. chain lifter
B. winch barrel
C. slewing rim
D. warping drum 216. ________ with various arrangements of barrels are the usual mooring equipment used on board ship A. Cranes B. Winches C. Capstans D. Windlass
217. _______are used for hauling or letting out the wires which fasten the ship to the shore
A. Cargo winches
B. Mooring winches
C. Windlasses
D. Cargo hatches
船舶自动控制英文词汇翻译
1.自动操舵仪autopilot 2.三项控制器或者说PID（比例积分微分）控制器proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller 3.自动控制系统automatic control system 4.船舶减摇roll stabilization 5.鳍减摇Fin roll stabilization (FRS) 6.舵减摇Rudder roll stabilization (RRS) 7.舵鳍联合减摇Integrated fin rudder roll stabilization (INFRRS) 8.国际自动控制联合会IFAC 9.舵机steering engine 10.电动陀螺经electrically driven gyrocompass 11.磁罗盘magnet compass 12.自动舵automatic steering of ships 13.自动驾驶船舶automatically steering ships 14.闭环反馈控制系统the feedback loop 15.航向误差heading error 16.偏航速度heading error rate 17.航向角heading angle 18.自适应舵adaptive autopilot 19.船舶主动减摇Active roll stabilization 20.双位控制策略on–off control strategy 21.横向漂移roll excursions 22.横摇运动roll motion 23.偏航漂移yaw excursions 24.H∞控制H-Infinity control 25.海浪遭遇角wave encounter angles 26.横浪beam seas 27.尾斜浪quartering seas 28.随浪following seas 29.无人航海载运工具（UMV）unmanned marine vehicle
船舶英语函电课文翻译
At the time of noting a protest the master should reserve the right to extend it at time and place convenient , because at the time protest is noted the full extent of the loss or damage may not be well ascertained .in foreign ports,protest should be noted before the port authority or a notary public ,or before the consular office representing the country in which the ship is registered.when such action is taken ,it is necessary to bring the log book and several crewmembers as witnesses. in many cases they are essential to the establishment of a claim in the future. 在提出声明的时候船长应保留权利以使调查货物灭失和损失的时间和地点比较方便，因为当声明提出时，货物的灭失和损失是不确定的。在外国港口，声明应该向港口当局或者公证人在或者船舶登记国的领事馆提出，当声明提出后需要带着船舶日志及几个船员作为目击证人。在许多情况下，他们是在未来提出索赔的基础。 In shipping and marine insurance terminology ,"average"is a word meaning partial loss or damage sustained by a vessel and/or cargo during the couse of a voyage. the word"average"originated from the Italian word avaria ,meaning loss or damage . there are two kind of average and particular average.these terms indicate the character of the loss or damage ,and who bears that loss or damage .the YorkAntwerp Rules,1974 gives a clear and definite of a general average: 在航运和海上保险术语中，“平均”一词的意义代表部分灭失或损害持续的时间是在船舶航行或货物的运输过程中。“平均”源于意大利语avaria，代表损失或损害。他们有两种，一种是共同海损一种是单独海损.这些术语是货损方表明货物的灭失或损失的性质。在约克安特卫普规则，1974给出了一个清晰明确的共同海损规则： "there is a general average act when,and only when ,any extraordinary sacrifice or expenditure is intentionally and reasonably made or incurred for the common safety for the purpose of preserving from peril the property involved in a common maritime adventure." 当共同海损的情形出现时，只有卓有成效的努力和付出以确保共同的安全，做出任何特殊牺牲或费用，有意而合理地为了航程中的财产脱离危险做出的行为。” although the idea of general average is simple in a real situation the practical application of it can be complicated.General average must be distinguished from particular average 尽管共同海损的想法是简单的在一个真实的情况可以复杂的实际应用。共同海损必须区别于单独海损 the general average declaration is normally made by the shipowner and must be made before the delivery of the cargo. Shipowners usually will release the cargo when the other interested parties to the adventure provide suitable security(General Average Deposit or Bond ),sufficient to cover their contributions. 共同海损声明必须由船东在货物交接之前做出，船东通常会处理货物,当其他感兴趣的各方愿意提供合适的安全保障(共同海损存款或债券),足以弥补他们的损失。全能易得 in shipping business the word "claim" denotes a means of cargo-owners who demand compensation from the carrer or shipowners for the loss of or damage to cargo incurred in transit .In accordance with international practices,if the goods on arrival at the port of destination are found short,damaged or lost,not in conformity with what is stated in the clean bill of lading,the consignee may give in writing a notice of loss or damage to the carrier or his agents there to indicate his intention
船舶电气工程技术专业五年一贯制人才培养方案
船舶电气工程技术专业(五年一贯制)人才培养方案 一、专业名称与代码 专业名称：船舶电气工程技术 专业代码：560503 二、入学要求与修学年限 入学要求：全日制初中毕业生。 修学年限：基本学制五年，学习年限5-7年。 三、培养目标 本专业培养思想政治坚定、德技并修、全面发展，适应船舶修造企业、船舶电气设备（配件）企业、船舶航运企业与工业电气生产加工行业（企业）第一线需要的，具有良好职业道德和敬业精神，掌握从事（从事电气生产制造、生产管理，电气设备装置安装、调试与维护职业岗位或岗位群）实际工作的基础知识和技术技能，具有职业生涯发展基础，具有较好的社会责任感、创新精神、实践能力的德、智、体、美等方面全面发展的，面向船舶修造、电气设备制造、维修领域的高素质劳动者和技术技能人才。 四、人才培养规格 (一)职业范围 说明本专业毕业生的就业范围和岗位类别，列出相应的职业资格证书或技能等级证书。参考格 2.知识、能力和素质结构 （1）知识结构 ①理解工程类专业高职生数学、语文、英语、思政理论等通识文化知识。 ②掌握工程制图、电工基础、电子技术、CAD绘图基础、电气控制技术等专业基础知识。 ③掌握船舶电站运行与维护、船舶仪器及自动化、船舶电机与电力拖动、单片机技术及应用、电气控制与PLC技术等船舶电气建造与安装的专业知识。 ④掌握船舶电气生产设计、船舶电工操作、船舶设备安装与调试等设计方面的基本知识。 （2）能力结构 ①具有工程类专业必需的数学计算、应用文写作等通识能力。
②具有CAD电气工程图绘制、电气排故、电气控制线路分析、电机选型与电力拖动性能测定、船舶电气自动化控制分析等本专业所必需的基本岗位能力 ③具有船舶电气生产设计、船舶电气现场安装调试的基本能力。 ④初步具有船舶电气设备原理设计、船舶电气故障排除、编制船舶电气生产工艺、组织生产与管理的专业能力。 ⑤具有英语日常会话、翻译船舶电气类英文资料、进行涉外交流等英语应用的基本岗位能力。 ⑥具有船电质量检验、船电建造安全管理和生产管理等方面的基本能力。 （3）素质结构 ①具有良好的社会公德和行为规范，良好的遵纪守法意识。 ②具有良好的人文和科学素养，获取、处理和应用信息的能力。 ③具有良好的责任意识和诚信品质，良好的交流沟通和团队协作能力。 ④具有认真、严谨的工作态度，良好的安全生产、节能环保意识。 ⑤具有健康的体魄，健全的心理和乐观的人生态度。 六、培养模式 船舶电气工程专业“四学段循序渐进”的工学结合人才培养模式，船舶电气工程技术专业依托舟山船舶修造及船舶电气设备生产企业，以船舶电气生产、船舶电气设备制造职业岗位能力要求为依据，以企业典型船舶电气设备生产的真实工作为基础，根据企业生产流程基本一致的特点和典型
船舶专业英语(课文+翻译)
Chapter 1 Ship Design（船舶设计） Lesson 2 Ships Categorized（船舶分类） 2.1 Introduction（介绍） The forms a ship can take are innumerable. 一艘船能采用的外形是不可胜数的 A vessel might appear to be a sleek seagoing hotel carrying passengers along to some exotic destination; a floating fortress bristling with missile launchers; 。or an elongated box transporting tanks of crude oil and topped with complex pipe connections. 一艘船可以看做是将乘客一直运送到外国目的地的优美的远航宾馆。竖立有导弹发射架的水面堡垒及甲板上铺盖有复杂管系的加长罐装原油运输轮 None of these descriptions of external appearance, however, does justice to the ship system as a whole and integrated unit所有这些外部特点的描述都不能说明船舶系统是一个总的集合体 self-sufficient,seaworthy, and adequately stable in its function as a secure habitat for crew and cargo. ——船员和货物的安全性功能：自给自足，适航，足够稳定。 This is the concept that the naval architect keeps in mind when designing the ship and that provides the basis for subsequent discussions, not only in this chapter but throughout the entire book.这是一个造船工程师设计船舶使必须记住的、能为以后讨论提供根据的观念，不仅涉及本章也贯穿全书。 In order to discuss naval architecture,it is helpful to place ships in certain categories. For purposes of this text, ships are classified according to their means of physical support and their designed purposes.将船舶分成一些特定的种类来讨论造船工程是有好处的。本文的目的就是根据船舶物理支撑方式和设计目的来将它们分类。
哈工程《船舶工程专业英语》翻译(全)
注：红字部分表示翻译可能有问题，有些地方翻译有不足之处，请谢谢大家指出。 第一章船舶设计 第一课介绍 翻译人员： 1.1 定义 ‘基本设计’是专业术语，它决定船舶主要性能，影响船舶造价和功能。因此，基本设计包括选择船型尺寸，船体形状，动力设备（数量和类型），初步布置船体机械设备和主要结构。合适的选择方案能保证达到目标要求，比如良好的耐波性和操纵性，预期航速，续航力，货舱舱容和总载重量。而且，包括校核使之达到货物装卸能力要求，舱室要求，各项宾馆服务标准，分舱要求，干舷和吨位丈量标准,所有这些都是盈利运输船舶，工业或服务系统用船，所必须考虑的 部分因素。 基本设计包括概念设计和初步设计，它决定了船舶主要性能，为价格初步估计做了准备。在整个设计过程中，基本设计完成后，就要进行合同设计和详细设计。正如合同设计这名暗示的那样，它为船厂投标和承接合同订单数准备合适的合同计划和规范。完整的合同计划和规范内容很清晰且足够详细，以避免发生代价高昂的偶发性事件，保护投标方免受模糊不清的描述要求的影响。详细设计是进一步完善合同方案，它是船厂的责任。合同方案需要为实际船舶建造准备施工图。 为了能够进行基本设计，每个人都必须了解整个设计流程。这中的四个步骤用Ecans 的1959 年的设计螺旋循环方式图说明了，设计螺旋循环方式是一种含盖从目标需求到详细设计的迭代过程，如图1.1。下面将进一步详述这些步骤： a.概念设计。概念设计是最开始的工作，是讲目标需求转换成造船工程参数。一般来说，它包含技术可行性研究，来决定目标船舶的基本参数。例如船厂，船宽，船深，吃水，丰满度，动力能源设备，或一些代用特性，所有这些都是为了满足达到设计航速，航区，货舱舱容和总载重量的要求。它包括空船重量的初步估计，一般通过特性曲线，公式，或经验确定。在该阶段，备选设计一般由参数研究法来分析，以确定最经济的设计方案或任何其他必须考虑的决定性因素。所选择的概念设计用作今后获得建造费用的讨论文件，建造费用决定是否进展下一阶段工作：初步设计。 b.初步设计.船舶初步设计进一步完善了影响船舶造价和性能的主要参数。 这一阶段工作结束时，那些已确定的控制要素没有发生预期变化，例如船长，船宽，额定功率，和总载重量。该阶段的完成为目标船舶提供了精确的界定，这将满足目标需求；这为合同计划和规范的进一步展开提供了根据。 c.合同设计.合同设计阶段产生了一套图纸和规范，这是船厂合同文件的一
课程名称英文翻译
Advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics 高等计算流体力学 Advanced Mathematics 高等数学 Advanced Numerical Analysis 高等数值分析 Algorithmic Language 算法语言 Analogical Electronics 模拟电子电路 Artificial Intelligence Programming 人工智能程序设计 Audit 审计学 Automatic Control System 自动控制系统 Automatic Control Theory 自动控制理论 Auto-Measurement Technique 自动检测技术 Basis of Software Technique 软件技术基础 Calculus 微积分 Catalysis Principles 催化原理 Chemical Engineering Document Retrieval 化工文献检索 Circuitry 电子线路 College English 大学英语 College English Test (Band 4) CET-4 College English Test (Band 6) CET-6 College Physics 大学物理 Communication Fundamentals 通信原理 Comparative Economics 比较经济学 Complex Analysis 复变函数论 Computational Method 计算方法 Computer Graphics 图形学原理 computer organization 计算机组成原理 computer architecture 计算机系统结构 Computer Interface Technology 计算机接口技术 Contract Law 合同法 Cost Accounting 成本会计 Circuit Measurement Technology 电路测试技术 Database Principles 数据库原理 Design & Analysis System 系统分析与设计 Developmental Economics 发展经济学 discrete mathematics 离散数学 Digital Electronics 数字电子电路 Digital Image Processing 数字图像处理 Digital Signal Processing 数字信号处理 Econometrics 经济计量学 Economical Efficiency Analysis for Chemical Technology 化工技术经济分析Economy of Capitalism 资本主义经济 Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves 电磁场与电磁波 Electrical Engineering Practice 电工实习 Enterprise Accounting 企业会计学 Equations of Mathematical Physics 数理方程
船舶制造中英文对照外文翻译文献
船舶制造中英文对照外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Spatial scheduling for large assembly blocks in shipbuilding Abstract: This paper addresses the spatial scheduling problem (SPP) for large assembly blocks, which arises in a shipyard assembly shop. The spatial scheduling problem is to schedule a set of jobs, of which each requires its physical space in a restricted space. This problem is complicated because both the scheduling of assemblies with different due dates and earliest starting times and the spatial allocation of blocks with different sizes and loads must be considered simultaneously. This problem under consideration aims to the minimization of both the makespan and the load balance and includes various real-world constraints, which includes the possible directional rotation of blocks, the existence of symmetric blocks, and the assignment of some blocks to designated workplaces or work teams. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming (MIP) model and solved by a commercially available solver. A two-stage heuristic algorithm has been developed to use dispatching priority rules and a diagonal fill space allocation method, which is a modification of bottom-left-fill space allocation method. The comparison and computational results shows the proposed MIP model accommodates various constraints and the proposed heuristic algorithm solves the spatial scheduling
船舶英语翻译
第一章船舶设计 第一课引言 1.1定义 术语“基本设计”是指对影响造价和性能的船舶主要参数的确定。因此，基本设计包括船舶主尺度船体线型动力（数量和种类）的选取，以及船体机械设备和主要结构的布置。恰当的选取可保证达到设计任务书的要求，例如良好的耐波性能，操纵性，预期的速度续航力，舱容和载重量。进一步讲，基本设计还包括校核和修改，以满足货物装卸能力，居位舱，客房设施，分舱和稳性标准，干舷和吨位测量，所有这些都是将船舶当成运输工业化或服务系统的一部分。 基本设计包括概念设计和初步设计，可以确定船舶主要技术参数，为造价初步估计做准备。再整个设计过程中，基本设计之后紧接着就是合同设计和详细设计。 合同设计，顾名思义，需要做出图纸和详细说明书，以便船厂去投标和签约。一套良好的合同图纸和详细说明书应当是非常清晰和详细的，以避免高成本的偶然性项目，并使投标者不出现模糊不清的或不充分的描述。详细设计师船厂进一步完善合同设计的重要任务，以准备施工图用于船舶实际建造。 了解整个设计顺序对任何做基本设计的人都是必要的。设计的4个阶段用设计螺旋线图表示，如图1所示，是从任务书要求到详细设计的循环工作过程，这4个阶段在下面作详细叙述 a 概念设计 概念设计作为整个设计的第一阶段，是将任务书要求转换为船舶建造工程参数。 它基本上包括技术可行性研究，确定船舶的基本参数如船厂船宽船深吃水丰满度动力或可供选择的参数方案，所以这些应满足所要求的航速，航程，货舱舱容和载重量。这包括基于曲线公式经验而进行的空船重量初步估算。在这一阶段，通常经过参数分析而进行多方案设计以寻求最经济的设计方案，或者任何其它控制也纳入考虑之中以确定最优方案。确定下来的概念设计就做为讨论文件以或得近似的建造成本，不论是否启动下一阶段的设计——初步设计。 b 初步设计 船舶的初步设计将进一步优化那些影响造价和性能的船舶主要参数。一些控制参数如船长船宽功率和载重量，在该阶段完成之后不宜在变更。初步设计完成后将为船舶提供一个准确的描述，能够满足任务书要求，并为合同设计图纸和说明书提供基础支撑。 C 合同设计 合同设计阶段提供了一些列图纸和说明书，形成了一套船舶建造合同文件。它包括围绕设计螺旋桨的一个或多个环节，因为对初步设计作进一步优化。这一阶段更加准确地描述船舶特征，如基于一套光划线做成的船体线型，基于模型试验的主机功率匹配，船舶耐波性与操纵性，螺旋桨数量对型线的影响，结构细节，不同类型钢材的使用，肋骨间距和形式等。在合同涉及元素中最重要的是考虑了船舶各个主要分段设备的重量及其位置之后的船舶重量与中心的估算。最终的总布置也是在这一阶段确定下来，这将总体积货物区域机械设备储物设备燃油淡水居住于公用舱室以及几何相互关系固定下来。还包括与其它因素例如货物装卸装备及其设备等的关系也都确定下来。 补充说明书描述了船体和舾装的质量标准，以及各个机器设备的预期性能。这些说明书还叙述了模型试验和实际情况，一表明船舶设计师成功的，船舶是可接受的。
船舶专业翻译
1．基本，简单的词汇： AM 上午 PM下午 Notification of inspection 检查验收通知单 Application 申请，申请单 Inspection 检验，报验 Technical discussion 技术讨论 On board 在船上 In the workshop 在车间 On the slipway 在船台上 At pier(wharf) 在码头 Fair 尚好的 The performance is merely fair 性能尚好 Terrible 极坏的，很糟的 So so 马马虎虎 So far ,so good 到目前，一切顺利 Worse更糟的 worst最差、最糟 Improvement 改进 Leave no room for improvement 完美，无缺点 Accept 接收 Accept subject to 有条件的接收，有待于……做好之后才接收Reject 拒收 Comments 意见 defect lish 消除意见清单 Item 项目 memorandum 备忘录 manual n、手册、说明书；a.手控的，手工的 drawings 图纸 working drawings 施工图 finished drawings 完工图 approved drawings 认可图 drawings for approval 送审认可图 supporting technical doucuments 基础技术文件 sketch 草图 draw a sketch画草图 up to the standard 达到标准 substandard 低于标准的 crane 吊车 building berth 船台 slipway 船台、下水滑道
航海英语问答题问题翻译
问题翻译 第一章、公共用语 1、你的出生日期是什么时候？ 2、你的海员证的号码是多少？ 3、你来自哪里？ 4、你们船长的国籍是哪里？ 5、你认为船上最重要的事情是什么？ 6、你经常挂靠的港口是什么？ 7、你最喜爱的电视节目是什么？ 8、你最喜爱哪个网站？ 9、你最喜爱一周中的哪一天？为什么？ 10、你最喜爱哪种类型的电影？ 11、你喜爱哪种音乐？ 12、你最喜欢的杂志是什么？ 13、你家乡的人口有多少？ 14、你们国家的人口有多少？ 15、你家乡最好的事情是什么？ 16、你家乡最坏的事情是什么？ 17、你的家乡怎么样？ 18、在你们国家有没有由于天气原因引起的灾难？ 19、你最喜欢看电视上的哪种运动项目？ 20、你认为世界上最受欢迎的运动项目是什么？ 第三章靠离与锚泊业务 1、你能列举出至少三种缆绳吗？ 2、在引航员上船前要准备什么？ 3、你船在不会弄断锚链危险的情况下抛锚的最大对水速度是多少？ 4、船舶需要引航员时，应该升哪种信号旗？ 5、到达港口前船舶怎样与港口取得联系？ 6、引航站经常询问船舶哪些信息？ 7、哪些信息需要报告给引航站？ 8、什么信息需要从引航站确认？ 9、船舶进入交管区时，需要报告什么？ 10、锚绞缠是什么意思？ 11、如果你被命令“备双车”，你要怎样复诵和报告？ 12、你能列举世界上的3个著名运河吗？ 13、在甚高频通信中，当你要求接收者保持在16频道时，你要怎么说？ 14、在海上甚高频通信中，你怎么纠正错误？ 15、在海上甚高频通信中，怎样强调信息中的重要部分？ 16、弃船是什么意思？ 17、缩写ETD是什么意思？ 18、拖锚是什么意思？ 19、在航是什么意思？ 20、走锚是什么意思？ 21、雷达信标和雷达反射器之间有什么区别？
浅谈航运英语的翻译
专科毕业设计（论文） 论文题目：浅谈航运英语的翻译 系部：外国语言系 专业：商务英语（海事方向） 班级：海事XXXXX 姓名： XXXX 学号： XXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称 XXXXX 20XX年 6 月南京
摘要 航运英语作为ESP（专门用途英语），它的语言特点、翻译错误和翻译方法也就会和其它普通英语有所不同。本文分析了航运英语的语言特点，重要归纳了一下航运英语中翻译的错误和翻译方法。同时，我国航运英语翻译市场也需要规范化，标准化。 关键词航运英语；翻译方法
Abstract Maritime English as ESP (English for Specific Purposes) will be different from other general English in language features, translation errors and translation methods . This paper analyzes the language characteristics of Maritime English and it is importantly summed up the translation errors and translation methods of Maritime English. Meanwhile, the translation market of the Maritime English also needs standardization. Keywords Maritime English;translation methods
船舶常用英文翻译
1.All doubling plate with rounded corners.加强板要倒圆角。 2.Tank to be NK coded and stamped for 5.6 Kg/cm-name ofmanufacturer & test data to be stamped on item A1. 水泥罐需NK编码和盖章，制造商名称和检验数据应印在A1上。 3.All seams to be double butt welded except as noted. 所有裂缝要双面对接焊缝，除了注意事 项。 4.Radiograph all necessary welds to obtain 100%/85% joint effeciency. 5.Remove slag& all assembly attachments-grind all sharp edges.清除焊溅物和所有装配附件， 磨光所有锐利边缘。 6.All welds to be smooth—remove all weld spatters. 所有焊缝都要光滑，去除所有焊缝溅污。 7.After fabricated, outside of tank shall be blasted to SA2.5. 制造完后，罐的外部应用SA2.5喷砂。 8.All doubling plates are to haveФ6mm telltale holes. 所有加强板要有Ф6mm 的信号孔。 词汇 Access hatch 人孔 Access ladder 通道竖梯 AHU Air handling unit 空气处理机 Air slide construction 空气气动装置 Air inlet 进气孔 Air compessor 空气压缩机 Air lock 气闸 Anchor windlass 起锚机 Angle steel 角钢/角铁 As per 按照，依据 Ball valve 球阀 Bank’s conversion table 银行的换算表 Bare drum pull 150 tonnes 裸体滚筒拉力150吨 Barge deck 驳船甲板 Baseplate 底板 Bend 弯（管）头 Bend test 冷弯测试 Black steel 碳钢/黑钢 Blind flange 法兰堵头/盲法兰/盲板 Bollard pull 系柱拉力 Bostik 波士胶 Bottom head 下封头 Bottom plate 下封头 Bow thrusters 船首推进器 Bracket 托架 Brake holding 200 tonnes 闸控200吨 Breadth moulded 模具宽度 BSP British Standard Pipe 英国标准管螺纹
船舶英语
船舶工程Ship engineering 客船Passenger ship 货船Cargo ship 散货船Bulk cargo ship 油船Oil tanker 拖轮tug boat 挖泥船Dredger 集装箱船Container ship 货油舱Cargo oil tank 渔船Fishing vessel 滚装船Ro-Ro ship 内河船Inland Waterways Ship 快艇Speedboat 工程船Engineering Ship 化学品chemical carrier 杂货船Generalcargo ship 液化石油气船LPG 液化天然气船LNG 职位与工种Position and type of work 机务&船东Superintendent &Super &Owner 经营代表business manager 翻译Interpreter 船长Captain 船员Crew 大副Chief officer 轮机长chief engineer 大电Chief electrician 水手seaman 大管轮First engineer 管事purser 大厨Chief cook 船厂shipyard 厂长shipyard manage 总工chief engineer 船体（轮机，电气）工程师hull （marine，Electric）engineer 船体（涂装，安全）主管Hull （coating，Safety）supervisor 船体车间主任hull Workshop director 助理工程师Assistant engineer 主管工程师Engineer in charge 电工Electrician 工艺技术technology 副主任deputy 检验员inspector 技术工艺人员technicians 安全员Safety man 总管Ship Repair Manager 生产部经理Production Manager 技术人员（主管）Technical person（Director ） 同事workmate 秘书Secretary 验船师（船）Surveyor 质检Quality Checker 物料员Store keeper 机工Mechanic 脚手架staging/ scaffold 架子工Scaffolder/ scaffolding 装配工Ship fitter 油漆工Painter 焊工Welder 管子工Pipe fitter 实习生Cadet 码头工人docker 带缆工人wharfman 起重工Crane man 外包工Laborer 作业长(工头） foreman/headman 打磨工Grinder 图纸drawing 外板展图Shell expansion plan 中横剖面图Midship section 基本结构图basic construction plan 认可图drawings for approval 安装图installation drawing 装配图assembly drawing 型线图Lines plan 舱容图Capacity plan 纵剖面Longitudinal section 横剖面Transverse sections 载重线：Load line 载重线标志Loadline marks 船首标志Head mark 干舷Freeboard 梁拱Camber 外径outside diameter 内径inside diameier 水线面Water plane 半径radius 艉吃水After draft 艏吃水Fore draft 总长Length overall 基线Base line 型深moulded depth 总吨Gross tonnage 船速Speed 型宽Moldedbreadth 深deep/depth 长length 宽width 高height 船用材料 板材Plate 球扁钢Flat-bulb steel T 型钢T bar 型材Shape
船舶工程技术商务英语专业
船舶工程技术/商务英语专业 一、招生对象与学制 招收高中毕业生，全日制四年。 二、培养目标 本专业培养德、智、体全面发展，具备坚实的基础理论知识和专门知识，获得工程师基本训练，具备现代造船模式要求的本专业领域实际工作所需的基本能力和专业技能，具有较强的英语和计算机的运用能力；主要从事船舶设计、制造技术和工程管理等方面工作的高级应用性、复合型工程技术人才。 学生毕业后主要面向大中型造船企业和船舶设计、船舶检验单位从事船舶设计、制造技术、工程管理、船舶贸易与经营等工作，也可到海洋工程、海上保险，钢结构等相近行业从事技术、管理工作。 三、业务规格——人才培养的素质、知识与能力结构 （一）知识结构 1、通过思想道德修养与法律基础、毛泽东思想概论、邓小平理论和“三个代表”思想概论、高等数学、大学英语、计算机应用等课程学习，使学生掌握成为高级应用性、复合型船舶工程专业人才所必需的文化基础知识。 2、熟练掌握工程力学、船舶电工基础、机械设计基础、机械制图与Auto CAD、船舶结构与制图、船舶与海洋工程材料、船舶原理等专业基础知识和基本技能。 3、牢固掌握船舶焊接工艺、船舶设计原理、船舶强度与结构设计、船体建造工艺、船舶CAD/CAM、现代造船技术、船舶检验、船舶动力装置、船舶电气与通讯、船舶设备与系统、专业英语等专业知识。 4、牢固掌握造船经济与企业管理、商贸英语、进出口贸易实务、船舶贸易与经营等经济与管理方面的知识。 （二）能力结构 1、具有较强的英语口头表达能力、交际能力和翻译修造船英文资料等英语运用能力，通过大学英语CET-4考试，获得CET-4级证书。 2、具有熟练的计算机应用操作能力，获得江苏省高校非计算机专业计算机等级考试一级B及以上证书。 3、具有熟练使用AutoCAD进行平面绘图及三维绘图基本操作的能力，通过培训取得AutoCAD证书。 4、具有造船生产设计、绘制生产设计图纸、编制技术文件的能力。 5、具有船舶建造工艺制定和现场施工指导的能力。 6、具有运用国内外主流专用造船软件（Mastership、Maxsurf或Tribon），进行船舶辅助设计和制造的能力。通过专用造船软件系统培训，取得相应证书。 7、具有进行修造船生产计划、组织等管理能力。 8、熟悉船舶工程招投标和船舶建造合同文本，具有较强的船舶贸易与经营能力。 （三）素质结构 1、具有热爱社会主义祖国，拥护党的基本路线，为国家的富强、中华民族的伟大复兴而努力奋斗的思想政治素质和爱岗敬业，艰苦奋斗，团结协作的职业道德素质。 2、具有较好的自然科学基础，较好的人文社会科学基础适应学生个性可持续发展的科学文化素质。 3、重点掌握本专业领域实际工作的基本能力和基本技能，具备较快适应技术、管理岗位需要的实际
哈工程《船舶工程专业英语》翻译 全
注：红字部分表示翻译可能有问题，有些地方翻译有不 足之处，请谢谢大家指出。 第一章船舶设计 第一课介绍 翻译人员： 1.1 定义 ‘基本设计’是专业术语，它决定船舶主要性能，影响船舶造价和功能。因此，基本设计包括选择船型尺寸，船体形状，动力设备（数量和类型），初步布置船体机械设备和主要结构。合适的选择方案能保证达到目标要求，比如良好的耐波性和操纵性，预期航速，续航力，货舱舱容和总载重量。而且，包括校核使之达到货物装卸能力要求，舱室要求，各项宾馆服务标准，分舱要求，干舷和吨位丈量标准,所有这些都是盈利运输船舶，工业或服务系统用船，所必须考虑的 部分因素。 基本设计包括概念设计和初步设计，它决定了船舶主要性能，为价格初步估计做了准备。在整个设计过程中，基本设计完成后，就要进行合同设计和详细设计。正如合同设计这名暗示的那样，它为船厂投标和承接合同订单数准备合适的合同计划和规范。完整的合同计划和规范内容很清晰且足够详细，以避免发生代价高昂的偶发性事件，保护投标方免受模糊不清的描述要求的影响。详细设计是进一步完善合同方案，它是船厂的责任。合同方案需要为实际船舶建造准备施工图。 为了能够进行基本设计，每个人都必须了解整个设计流程。这中的四个步骤用 Ecans 的 1959 年的设计螺旋循环方式图说明了，设计螺旋循环方式是一种含盖从目标需求到详细设计的迭代过程，如图 1.1。下面将进一步详述这些步骤： a.概念设计。概念设计是最开始的工作，是讲目标需求转换成造船工程参数。一般来说，它包含技术可行性研究，来决定目标船舶的基本参数。例如船厂，船宽，船深，吃水，丰满度，动力能源设备，或一些代用特性，所有这些都是为了满足达到设计航速，航区，货舱舱容和总载重量的要求。它包括空船重量的初步估计，一般通过特性曲线，公式，或经验确定。在该阶段，备选设计一般由参数研究法来分析，以确定最经济的设计方案或任何其他必须考虑的决定性因素。所选择的概念设计用作今后获得建造费用的讨论文件，建造费用决定是否进展下一阶段工作：初步设计。 b.初步设计.船舶初步设计进一步完善了影响船舶造价和性能的主要参数。 这一阶段工作结束时，那些已确定的控制要素没有发生预期变化，例如船长，船宽，额定功率，和总载重量。该阶段的完成为目标船舶提供了精确的界定，这将满足目标需求；这为合同计划和规范的进一步展开提供了根据。 c.合同设计.合同设计阶段产生了一套图纸和规范，这是船厂合同文件的一